433:, the eastern parts have an average annual temperature of 18 to 20 °C (64.4 to 68.0 °F). Summers are hot with mean temperatures averaging between 24 and 26 °C (75.2 and 78.8 °F) while in winter, the mean temperatures are between 10 and 12 °C (50.0 and 53.6 °F). Easternmost parts of the province, which borders the Chaco region are home to the highest and lowest temperatures in the province where absolute maximum temperatures can exceed 40 °C (104.0 °F) while absolute minimum temperatures can reach close to −7 °C (19.4 °F) owing to the accumulation of cold air that descends from the mountains. At higher elevations, the climate is cooler with summer temperatures averaging 20 °C (68.0 °F) and winter temperatures averaging 10 °C (50.0 °F). The annual temperature in the higher elevations is between 12 and 14 °C (53.6 and 57.2 °F) at an elevation of 2,500 metres (8,202.1 ft) above sea level. Within the valleys located between the mountains, temperatures are cooler with a mean annual temperature of 13.1 °C (55.6 °F) (summers average 17.1 °C (62.8 °F) while winters average 9.0 °C (48.2 °F)) in the Tafi valley.
393:
Salta province, the climate is similar to the valleys in La Rioja province and
Catamarca province, by being temperate and arid with large thermal amplitudes, long summers, and a long frost free period which varies depending on elevation. Mean temperatures in the warmest month in the Calchaqui valleys range from 14.5 °C (58.1 °F) at the higher elevations to 22.1 °C (71.8 °F) at lower elevations; in the coldest month, the mean temperature ranges from 4.8 to 9.6 °C (40.6 to 49.3 °F). The mean annual temperatures in the Calchaqui valleys ranges from 10.2 °C (50.4 °F) in
288:. In the south, the orographic effect is enhanced by advancing cold fronts from the south, resulting in enhanced precipitation. The high rainfall on these first slopes creates a thick jungle that extends in a narrow strip along these ranges. Beyond the first slopes of the Andes into the valleys, the air descends vertically, warming adiabatically, creating air that is drier and warmer than on the eastern slopes. Since the mountain ranges are oriented in a north–south direction, increase in elevation to the west, and have a discontinuous
426:
amplitude that can exceed 40 °C (104.0 °F) due to the low humidity and the intense sunlight throughout the year. and the mean annual maximum and minimum temperatures are 16 °C (60.8 °F) and −4 °C (24.8 °F) respectively with frosts that can occur in any month as night temperatures can regularly fall below freezing. Absolute maximum temperatures in the Puna region can reach up to 30 °C (86.0 °F) while absolute minimum temperatures can fall below −20 °C (−4.0 °F).
607:
81:
347:
year. Although easterly winds are rare in the Puna region, they bring 88–96% of the precipitation to the area. Snowfall is rare, averaging less than 5 days of snow per year since most of the precipitation falls in the summer in the form of rain. The southeast part of the Puna region is very arid and receives the lowest annual precipitation in the region, averaging 50 mm (2.0 in). In the northeast part of the Puna region in
69:
17:
261:, these cold fronts are responsible for 70% of the rainfall in that province. In contrast, during the winter months, the Chaco low attracts air masses from the South Pacific high, creating a dry and cold wind. This effect is more prominent in the winter months, when the intensity of the cold is more stronger. The
253:
bring northeasterly and easterly winds that carry moisture to the region, particularly in the northern parts. The movement of moist air into the region during the summer results in very high precipitation. Most of the moisture comes from the east since the Andes block any moisture from the
Pacific Ocean.
408:
which is part of the arid Chaco ecoregion, the climate is mild year long in terms of temperature. Temperatures during the summer are very high, with a mean temperature of 26 °C (78.8 °F) in
January, the warmest month. Temperatures can exceed 40 °C (104.0 °F) on an average of 20–25
265:
reaches the region during the summer months, leading to low pressure, and unstable air masses due to the relatively high land temperatures compared to the sea during this season. This leads to enhanced precipitation in the form of convective thunderstorms during the summer months. During the winter
252:
The atmospheric circulation is controlled by the two semi–permanent South
Atlantic and South Pacific highs, and a seasonal low-pressure system east of the Andes (called the Chaco Low). During summer, the interaction between the South Atlantic high and the Chaco low causes the low-pressure system to
425:
Further west, in the Puna region next to
Bolivia, temperatures are much colder, with a mean annual temperature of less than 10 °C (50.0 °F) owing to its high elevation. The Puna region is characterized by being cold but sunny throughout the year. The diurnal range is large with a thermal
392:
at the lower elevations; in the coldest month, the mean temperature ranges from 7.1 to 8.1 °C (44.8 to 46.6 °F). The mean annual temperatures in the
Quebrada de Humahuaca valley ranges from 12.0 to 14.1 °C (53.6 to 57.4 °F), depending on elevation. In the Calchaquí Valleys in
346:
ranges from 500 to 600 mm (20 to 24 in) a year, owing to the high insolation, strong winds, and low humidity that exacerbates the dry conditions. Owing to the low precipitation in conjunction with the extreme climatic conditions, the Puna region has a water deficit in all months of the
383:
valley in Jujuy province, north of Jujuy city, the diurnal range is large with a thermal amplitude between 16 and 20 °C (28.8 and 36.0 °F). A major reason for the large thermal amplitude is that during the day, there is intense radiation from the sun, causing the land to heat up while
284:, leading to the formation of clouds which generate copious amounts of rain. The eastern slopes of the mountains can receive between 1,000 and 1,500 mm (39 and 59 in) of precipitation a year although some places can receive 2,500 mm (98 in) of precipitation per year owing to
371:
Temperatures in northwest
Argentina vary with elevation. In the temperate valleys which includes the cities of Salta and Jujuy, they have a temperate climate, with mild temperatures in the summer (a mean of 20 °C (68.0 °F) in Salta, 21 °C (69.8 °F) in Jujuy in January) and
279:
Precipitation in the region is highly seasonal and is mostly concentrated in the summer months, during which precipitation decreases from east to west. Precipitation is distributed irregularly owing to relief. As moist air reaches the eastern slopes of the mountains, this moist air raises up
310:
Valleys in the southern parts of the region are drier than northern valleys due to the mountains on the eastern slopes of both the Andes and the
Sierras Pampeanas being taller than the ones in the north (ranging from 3,000 to 6,900 m (9,800 to 22,600 ft)), presenting a significant
270:
while both the South
Pacific and South Atlantic high move northwards, and the Chaco low weakens, all of which result in the suppression of rain during the winter. With the predominant wind being from the west and the Andes blocking most rain bearing clouds from the Pacific Ocean along with
213:. Owing to its rugged topography, the region is climatically diverse, depending on the elevation, temperature and distribution of precipitation. Consequentially, the vegetation will differ at these different climate types. In general, the climate can be divided into 2 main types: a cold
319:, the mean annual precipitation varies from 150 mm (5.9 in) in the middle of valleys between the Andes mountains to more than 300 mm (12 in) in the nearby mountain ranges which form the valleys. In Jujuy province, precipitation in the dry
311:
orographic barrier that blocks moist winds from the
Atlantic and Pacific oceans. These valleys often receive less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of precipitation per year and are characterized by sparse vegetation adapted to the arid climate. For example, in
149:
jungle on the eastern fringe of the region, the only fertile lands are those near the river basins, which have been irrigated extensively. Across millennia the erosive forces of these rivers has gradually created a multitude of red-rock canyons, such as the
335:. Further west in the Puna region next to Bolivia, the average elevation is 3,900 m (12,800 ft) and the terrain is mostly desert due to the higher elevations of the mountains on the east from both the Andes and the northwest extension of the
409:
days and can occasionally exceed 45 °C (113.0 °F), particularly in the central valley of Catamarca (Valle Central de Catamarca) and the valley of La Rioja Capital which lie at lower elevations than other valleys such as
271:
atmospheric circulation patterns unfavourable for rain, this results in a dry season during winter. At the highest elevations, westerly winds from the Pacific Ocean can penetrate during the winter months, leading to snowstorms.
413:. Winters in the valleys of La Rioja province and Catamarca province along with southwest Santiago del Estero province are mild, with a mean temperature of 12 °C (53.6 °F). Cold fronts from the south, bringing cold
186:
announced the discovery of 12 graves dated to 6,000-1,300 years ago. Researchers also revealed necklaces and pendants next to some of the bodies. According to archaeologist Leticia Cortés, there were many kinds of
422:, which occurs more during the winter months can affect these valleys in La Rioja province and Catamarca province can raise temperatures up to 35 °C (95.0 °F) with strong gusts, causing possible crop damage.
384:
during the night, there is less radiation, causing the land to cool and temperatures to fall down. Mean temperatures in the warmest month in the Quebrada de Humahuaca valley range from 15.1 °C (59.2 °F) in
738:
351:, mean annual precipitation ranges from 300 to 400 mm (12 to 16 in). Due to the aridity of these mountains at high elevations, the snowline can extend as far up as 6,000 m above sea level. The
417:
air can cause severe frosts in the valleys of La Rioja province and Catamarca province. Temperatures can fall between −8 and −14 °C (17.6 and 6.8 °F) during these cold fronts. In contrast, the
980:
762:
1728:, the temperate valleys include the Lerma Valley, Siancas Valley in Salta Province and the Pericos Valley and the temperate valleys of Jujuy, which includes the 2 provincial capitals
303:
to 1,395 mm (54.9 in) in San Lorenzo, just 11 km (6.8 mi) away. Rainfall in the Lerma valley in Salta and in wetter valleys in Jujuy province, including its
299:
which is surrounded by tall mountains (only the northeastern part of the valley is surrounded by shorter mountains), precipitation ranges from 695 mm (27.4 in) in
295:
In the temperate valleys, which include major cities such as Salta and Jujuy, average precipitation ranges from 500 to 1,000 mm (20 to 39 in). For example, in the
183:
363:
year, there is enhanced easterly moisture transport, resulting in a more intense rainy season. Nonetheless, this trend is highly variable both spatially and temporally.
292:, this allows valleys to have regions of relatively high precipitation in the west and drier regions in eastern parts of the valleys through orographic precipitation.
401:
which lies at a lower elevation. In both the Quebrada de Humahuaca and Calchaqui valleys, winters are cold with frosts that can occur between March and September.
257:
that travel northwards to the region can produce precipitation during the summer months and is more prominent in the southern parts of the region. For example, in
588:
191:
methods, in individual or collective graves, and also in the posture of the bodies. Some were hyperflexed, like squatting, with the shoulders touching the knees.
315:, mean annual precipitation ranges from 300 mm (12 in) in the easternmost parts to 100 mm (3.9 in) at the foot of the Andes. Similarly in
441:
The majority of the population—and thus economic activity—of this region is concentrated in the many fertile valleys. In these valleys, the cultivation of
372:
extremely dry and cool winters with regular frosts (a mean of 10 °C (50.0 °F) in Salta and 10.5 °C (50.9 °F) in Jujuy in July). The
987:
770:
359:
year, the westerly flow is strengthened while moisture content from the east is reduced, resulting in a drier rainy season. In contrast, during a
1785:
1753:
1661:
1632:. Dirección de Recursos Naturales Renovables de Mendoza; Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Aridas (IADIZA-CONICET): 3–16
647:
1688:
1801:
581:
1532:
1806:
843:
682:
1274:
234:
222:
352:
1404:
1365:
262:
1871:
574:
373:
204:
1190:
1812:
1584:
1138:
405:
312:
165:, an extensive 3,500-meter high plateau, dominates the landscape and continues far north into Bolive and Southern Peru.
53:
45:
1137:
Bravo, Gonzalo; Bianchi, Alberto; Volante, José; Salas, Susana; Sempronii, Guillermo; Vicini, Luis; Fernandez, Miguel.
614:
The Argentine Northwest is a popular destination for both domestic and international travelers, attracting neighboring
662:
1227:
678:
627:
179:
84:
1559:
1507:
1832:
903:
323:
valley ranges from 200 to 410 mm (7.9 to 16.1 in). A similar annual precipitation is found in the dry
1876:
1458:
285:
643:
221:
climate at the higher elevations and warmer subtropical climate in the eastern parts of the region. Under the
1772:
794:
1768:
670:
666:
108:
476:
Thus most economic activity is associated with agriculture, with the exception of the "Altos Hornos Zapla"
1228:"Olive Growing in the arid valleys of Northwest Argentina (provinces of Catamarca, La Rioja and San Juan)"
535:
404:
In the valleys in the south in La Rioja province and Catamarca province along with the southwest parts of
146:
128:
161:
West of these valleys the peaks of the Andes reach heights of over 6,000 metres (20,000 ft) and the
718:
655:
623:
606:
380:
320:
304:
151:
693:
Besides the geography of the area, the culture is also of great interest. It is strongly influenced by
635:
466:
155:
116:
1473:
1044:
674:
561:
516:
342:
Precipitation in the Puna region averages less than 200 mm (7.9 in) a year while potential
324:
200:
1252:
1823:
430:
258:
73:
57:
296:
1320:
706:
550:
343:
316:
37:
1457:
Strecker, M.; Alonso, R.; Bookhagen, B.; Carrapa, B.; Hilley, G.; Sobel, E.; Trauth, M. (2007).
1319:
Paoli, Héctor; Volante, José; Ganam, Enrique; Bianchi, Alberto; Fernandez, Daniel; Noé, Yanina.
1031:
Trauth, Martin; Alonso, Ricardo; Haselton, Kirk; Hermanns, Reginald; Strecker, Manfred (2000).
954:
1817:
1781:
1749:
1743:
639:
398:
389:
336:
1618:
1508:"Diagnostico del Manejo del Agua en Cuencas Tabacaleras del Valle de Lerma, Salta, Argentina"
1692:
1481:
1052:
1048:
540:
80:
1485:
1764:
1536:
1321:"Aprovechamiento de Los Recursos Hídricos y Tecnologia de Riego en el Altiplano Argentino"
1082:
1226:
Goméz del Campo, Maria; Morales–Sillero, A.; Vita Serman, F.; Rousseaux, M.; Searles, P.
858:
1477:
1278:
694:
348:
328:
246:
88:
68:
49:
41:
1056:
1865:
1032:
698:
480:
1408:
1372:
702:
507:
307:, is mainly concentrated in the summer months and falls in short but heavy bursts.
214:
1430:
254:
210:
16:
530:
419:
360:
356:
281:
138:
1847:
1834:
1725:
1588:
1196:(in Spanish). Dirección Provincial de Estadística y Censos–Provincia de Jujuy
1691:(in Spanish). Secretaria de Mineria de la Nacion (Argentina). Archived from
1535:(in Spanish). Secretaria de Mineria de la Nacion (Argentina). Archived from
1277:(in Spanish). Secretaria de Mineria de la Nacion (Argentina). Archived from
619:
615:
555:
462:
442:
414:
410:
385:
289:
218:
162:
104:
33:
1255:(in Spanish). Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas
327:, with mean annual precipitation ranging from 95 mm (3.7 in) in
631:
470:
332:
844:"Periglacial phenomena in the high mountains of northwestern Argentina"
487:
446:
394:
267:
134:
545:
495:
454:
450:
188:
96:
99:, or geographical and climatic regions. From west to east they are:
955:"Base de Datos Mensuales de Precipitaciones del Noroeste Argentino"
739:"Prehistoric Burials Excavated in Argentina – Archaeology Magazine"
209:
Northwest Argentina is predominantly dry and hot and classified as
701:
cultures, and the region is quite distinct from the more European
651:
605:
477:
355:
influences precipitation levels in northwest Argentina. During an
300:
79:
67:
1560:"South American Viticulture, Wine Production, and Climate Change"
503:
499:
491:
458:
225:, the region has 5 different climate types which are semi–arid (
266:
months, the Intertropical Convergence Zone moves northwards to
1619:"Cambios temporales del clima en la subregión del Chaco Árido"
1033:"Climate change and mass movements in the NW Argentine Andes"
376:
in these cities is fairly large, particularly in the winter.
1745:
Memorias: IV Congreso Interamericano sobre el Medio Ambiente
1513:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
1326:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
1144:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
397:
at the higher elevations to 16.9 °C (62.4 °F) in
388:
at the higher elevations to 18.5 °C (65.3 °F) in
1163:
1161:
1159:
763:"Six thousand-year-old tombs found in northwest Argentina"
1371:. The Agricultural University of Iceland. Archived from
1366:"Arid and semi–arid rangelands: two thirds of Argentina"
904:"Causas de Las Sequías de la Región del NOA (Argentina)"
1626:
Multequina–Latin American Journal of Natural Resources
339:, blocking most of the easterly winds from coming in.
1459:"Tectonics and Climate of the Southern Central Andes"
1767:; Franz, Gerhard; Giese, Peter; Götze, Hans–Jürgen;
1660:
Sesma, Pablo; Guido, Elvira; Puchulu, Maria (1998).
800:(in Spanish). Ministerio del Interior y Transporte
184:National Scientific and Technical Research Council
137:—or transitional zone—between the Yungas and the
1405:"The Vegetation of Northwestern Argentina (NOA)"
1139:"Regiones Agroeconómicas del Noroeste Argentino"
789:
787:
622:alike. Some of the most popular destination are
95:The Argentine Northwest comprises very distinct
1452:
1450:
1448:
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
837:
835:
1726:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
1683:
1681:
1466:Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
1275:"Provincia de Catamarca–Clima Y Metéorologia"
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
582:
8:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
981:"Caracterización Climática del Chaco Húmedo"
960:(in Spanish). Oficina de Riesgo Agropecuario
237:without a dry season and with a dry season (
1771:; Strecker, Manfred; Wigger, Peter (2006).
1689:"Provincia de Tucumán–Clima Y Metéorologia"
1565:. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina
1253:"Cap. 16 Clima de la Provincia de La Rioja"
1077:
1075:
1073:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
879:
642:, and the capital cities of the provinces:
453:is the most important activity, along with
32:) is a geographic and historical region of
589:
575:
512:
178:In February 2021, archaeologists from the
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1533:"Provincia de Jujuy–Clima Y Metéorologia"
1344:
1119:
1587:(in Spanish). Acenología. Archived from
1585:"Reseña de la vitivinicultura argentina"
1167:
1132:
1130:
1128:
15:
1717:
730:
515:
1486:10.1146/annurev.earth.35.031306.140158
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
709:, clothing and customs of the people.
7:
1742:Carrillo Castellanos, Roger (1998).
705:. This influence can be seen in the
610:Trekking in Quebrada de las Conchas.
121:Red-rock canyons and mountain passes
1818:Monografias.com:Argentine Northwest
1364:Fernandez, Osvaldo; Busso, Carlos.
1191:"El Clima de la Provincia de Jujuy"
1037:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
648:San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca
1662:"Clima de la Provincia de Tucumán"
1558:Canziani, Pablo; Scarel, Eduardo.
953:Bianchi, A.; Yáñez, C.; Acuña, L.
14:
683:Campo de los Alisos National Park
851:South African Journal of Science
331:to 200 mm (7.9 in) in
20:Location of Northwest Argentina
1472:(1). Annual Reviews: 747–787.
263:Intertropical Convergence Zone
1:
1233:. International Olive Council
1057:10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00127-8
223:Köppen climate classification
205:Climatic regions of Argentina
36:composed of the provinces of
406:Santiago del Estero Province
353:El Niño Southern Oscillation
249:at the highest elevations.
113:High Mountains of the Andes
1893:
679:Los Cardones National Park
628:Cerro de los Siete Colores
198:
180:University of Buenos Aires
85:Cerro de los Siete Colores
857:: 166–170. Archived from
1043:(2). Elsevier: 243–256.
979:Gorleri, Máximo (2005).
286:orographic precipitation
124:Humid Sub-Andean Sierras
1824:Argentine Northwest art
1617:Karlin, Marcos (2012).
1049:2000E&PSL.179..243T
671:Calilegua National Park
767:Radio Cadena Agramonte
611:
465:are also found in the
92:
77:
21:
902:Bobba, María (2011).
842:Ahumada, Ana (2002).
795:"Región del Noroeste"
719:1948 Salta earthquake
656:San Salvador de Jujuy
644:San Miguel de Tucumán
624:Quebrada de Humahuaca
609:
381:Quebrada de Humahuaca
321:Quebrada de Humahuaca
245:respectively) and an
152:Quebrada de Humahuaca
83:
71:
19:
1872:Regions of Argentina
1802:The Andean northwest
1506:Altobelli, Fabiana.
1378:on 24 September 2015
675:El Rey National Park
667:Baritú National Park
517:Regions of Argentina
280:vertically, cooling
201:Climate of Argentina
174:Archaeological finds
127:Tropical jungles or
1844: /
1807:Argentine Northwest
1478:2007AREPS..35..747S
743:www.archaeology.org
665:of the region are:
562:Antártida Argentina
526:Argentine Northwest
461:raising. Important
54:Santiago del Estero
26:Argentine Northwest
1695:on August 30, 2015
1083:"Climate Overview"
636:Valles Calchaquíes
612:
467:Valles Calchaquíes
344:evapotranspiration
317:Catamarca Province
305:provincial capital
156:Valles Calchaquíes
93:
78:
30:Noroeste Argentino
22:
1787:978-3-540-24329-8
1755:978-980-237-177-8
1724:According to the
1281:on August 9, 2014
599:
598:
337:Sierras Pampeanas
325:Calchaquí Valleys
313:La Rioja Province
235:temperate climate
1884:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1791:
1779:
1765:Chong, Guillermo
1759:
1729:
1722:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1685:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1666:
1657:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1623:
1614:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1564:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1512:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1463:
1454:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1411:on March 9, 2016
1407:. Archived from
1401:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1377:
1370:
1361:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1325:
1316:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1232:
1223:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1195:
1189:Buitrago, Luis.
1186:
1171:
1165:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1143:
1134:
1123:
1117:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1087:
1079:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1028:
1003:
1002:
1000:
998:
992:
986:. Archived from
985:
976:
970:
969:
967:
965:
959:
950:
915:
914:
912:
910:
899:
874:
873:
871:
869:
863:
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769:. Archived from
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749:
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689:Cultural tourism
618:and vacationing
591:
584:
577:
513:
486:Mining includes
431:Tucumán Province
259:Tucumán Province
1892:
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1877:Back-arc basins
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1813:Map with routes
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1591:on 13 June 2015
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1539:on July 4, 2015
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117:Fertile valleys
66:
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5:
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1796:External links
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1763:Oncken, Onno;
1760:
1754:
1748:. Equinoccio.
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1345:The Andes 2006
1337:
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1155:
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1120:The Andes 2006
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663:national parks
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89:Jujuy Province
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1769:Ramos, Victor
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1433:. BBC Weather
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27:
18:
1829:
1780:. Springer.
1773:
1744:
1720:
1697:. Retrieved
1693:the original
1668:. Retrieved
1634:. Retrieved
1629:
1625:
1593:. Retrieved
1589:the original
1579:
1567:. Retrieved
1553:
1541:. Retrieved
1537:the original
1527:
1515:. Retrieved
1501:
1489:. Retrieved
1469:
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1435:. Retrieved
1425:
1413:. Retrieved
1409:the original
1380:. Retrieved
1373:the original
1340:
1328:. Retrieved
1283:. Retrieved
1279:the original
1269:
1257:. Retrieved
1247:
1235:. Retrieved
1198:. Retrieved
1146:. Retrieved
1090:. Retrieved
1088:. Met Office
1060:. Retrieved
1040:
1036:
995:. Retrieved
988:the original
974:
962:. Retrieved
907:. Retrieved
866:. Retrieved
859:the original
854:
850:
802:. Retrieved
775:. Retrieved
771:the original
766:
757:
746:. Retrieved
742:
733:
703:Buenos Aires
692:
660:
613:
560:
525:
510:extraction.
508:hydrocarbons
485:
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440:
428:
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403:
378:
370:
367:Temperatures
341:
309:
297:Lerma Valley
294:
278:
251:
242:
238:
230:
226:
208:
177:
160:
145:Besides the
144:
94:
29:
25:
23:
1851: /
1431:"Argentina"
536:Mesopotamia
255:Cold fronts
211:subtropical
1866:Categories
777:2021-03-02
748:2021-03-02
725:References
616:Argentinos
531:Gran Chaco
420:Zonda wind
399:San Carlos
199:See also:
1848:26°S 66°W
1826:(Spanish)
1820:(Spanish)
1809:(Spanish)
1774:The Andes
1699:August 2,
1543:August 2,
1517:August 1,
1200:August 1,
620:Europeans
556:Patagonia
463:vineyards
443:sugarcane
415:Antarctic
411:Tinogasta
386:Humahuaca
290:orography
229:), arid (
219:semi-arid
163:Altiplano
105:Altiplano
64:Geography
38:Catamarca
34:Argentina
1853:-26; -66
1670:1 August
1415:July 31,
1330:July 31,
1285:July 30,
1259:July 30,
1148:1 August
804:July 24,
713:See also
634:and the
632:Cafayate
626:and the
551:Littoral
473:region.
471:Cafayate
333:Cafayate
154:and the
133:And the
46:La Rioja
1736:Sources
1636:31 July
1595:11 June
1569:18 June
1491:30 July
1474:Bibcode
1382:23 July
1237:31 July
1062:27 July
1045:Bibcode
997:10 July
964:27 July
909:26 July
868:26 July
695:Quechua
602:Tourism
488:lithium
481:furnace
469:in the
447:tobacco
437:Economy
395:La Poma
379:In the
361:La Niña
357:El Niño
329:Molinos
268:Ecuador
195:Climate
169:History
141:region.
135:ecotone
74:Tucumán
58:Tucumán
1784:
1752:
1437:7 June
1092:7 June
699:Aymara
546:Pampas
506:, and
496:silver
455:cattle
451:citrus
449:, and
390:Volcan
189:burial
147:Yungas
129:Yungas
109:"Puna"
97:biomes
1778:(PDF)
1712:Notes
1665:(PDF)
1622:(PDF)
1563:(PDF)
1511:(PDF)
1462:(PDF)
1376:(PDF)
1369:(PDF)
1324:(PDF)
1231:(PDF)
1194:(PDF)
1142:(PDF)
1086:(PDF)
991:(PDF)
984:(PDF)
958:(PDF)
862:(PDF)
847:(PDF)
798:(PDF)
707:music
652:Salta
478:steel
301:Salta
139:Chaco
50:Salta
42:Jujuy
1839:66°W
1836:26°S
1782:ISBN
1750:ISBN
1701:2015
1672:2015
1638:2015
1597:2015
1571:2015
1545:2015
1519:2015
1493:2015
1439:2015
1417:2015
1384:2015
1332:2015
1287:2015
1261:2015
1239:2015
1202:2015
1150:2015
1094:2015
1064:2015
999:2015
966:2015
911:2015
870:2015
806:2015
697:and
681:and
661:The
654:and
541:Cuyo
504:salt
502:and
500:zinc
492:lead
459:goat
457:and
241:and
215:arid
203:and
103:The
56:and
24:The
1482:doi
1053:doi
1041:179
429:In
233:),
217:or
107:or
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243:CW
239:Cf
231:BW
227:BS
158:.
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