927:
854:, heather clumps and cliff ledges. The same nest is used year after year until blown down; it starts as a small platform of sticks but expands into a bulky nest as more material is added in subsequent years. It may be lined with smaller twigs, strands of root or dead grasses; in reed beds, it is built from dead reeds. The male usually collects the material, while the female constructs the nest. Breeding activities take place between February and June. When a bird arrives at the nest, a greeting ceremony occurs in which each partner raises and lowers its wings and plumes. In continental Europe, and elsewhere, nesting colonies sometimes include nests of the
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able to straighten its neck and strike with its bill very quickly. Small fish are swallowed head first, and larger prey and eels are carried to the shore where they are subdued by being beaten on the ground or stabbed by the bill. They are then swallowed or have hunks of flesh torn off. For prey such as small mammals and birds or ducklings, the prey is held by the neck and either drowned, suffocated, has its neck snapped with the heron's beak, or is bludgeoned against the ground or a nearby rock, before being swallowed whole. The bird regurgitates
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340:
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before returning to its normal stance. The snapping ceremony is another behaviour where the neck is extended forward, the head is lowered to the level of the feet, and the mandibles are vigorously snapped together. This may be repeated 20-40 times. When the pairing is settled, the birds may caress each other by attending to the other bird's plumage. The male may then offer the female a stick, which she incorporates into the nest. At this, the male becomes excited, further preening the female, and copulation takes place.
745:, which extend their necks. It flies with slow wing-beats and sometimes glides for short distances. It sometimes soars, circling to considerable heights, but not as often as the stork. In spring, and occasionally in autumn, birds may soar high above the heronry and chase each other, undertake aerial manoeuvres or swoop down towards the ground. The birds often perch in trees, but spend much time on the ground, striding about or standing still for long periods with an upright stance, often on a single leg.
839:
1027:(a tributary of the Kama); after settling around 2006, it expanded for 15 years, leading to the intensive deposition of nutrients with faeces, food remains and feathers thereby considerably altering the local soil biogeochemistry. Thus, lower pH levels around 4.5, 10- and 2-fold higher concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen, as well as 1.2-fold discrepancies in K, Li, Mn, Zn and Co, respectively, compared to the surrounding control forest area could be observed.
561:
1012:, the grey heron does cause significant damage to fisheries, but the damage caused by eating valuable fish species is balanced by the fact that it eats a large number of fish affected by ligulosis. The undoubted benefit of the heron is also expressed in the fact that it eats a lot of harmful insects. However, in some places, grey herons can serve as a breeding ground for the so-called ink sickness, or postodiplostomosis, a dangerous disease of young cyprinids.
754:
949:, they are ever present and well adapted to modern city life. They hunt as usual, but also visit street markets and snack bars. Some individuals make use of people feeding them at their homes or share the catch of recreational fishermen. Similar behaviour on a smaller scale has been reported in Ireland. Garden ponds stocked with ornamental fish are attractive to herons, and the easy prey may provide young birds with a learning opportunity on how to hunt.
110:
609:
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rivers, marshes, ponds, ditches, flooded areas, coastal lagoons, estuaries, and the sea shore. It sometimes forages away from water in pasture, and it has been recorded in desert areas, hunting for beetles and lizards. Breeding colonies are usually near feeding areas, but exceptionally may be up to eight kilometres (five miles) away, and birds sometimes forage as much as 20 km (12 mi) from the nesting site.
42:
322:
85:
283:, usually building their nests high in trees. A clutch of usually three to five bluish-green eggs is laid. Both birds incubate the eggs for around 25 days, and then both feed the chicks, which fledge when 7-8 weeks old. Many juveniles do not survive their first winter, but if they do, they can expect to live for about 5 years.
861:
Courtship involves the male calling from his chosen nesting site. On the arrival of the female, both birds participate in a stretching ceremony, in which each bird extends its neck vertically before bringing it backwards and downwards with the bill remaining vertical, simultaneously flexing its legs,
599:
The main call is a loud croaking "fraaank", but a variety of guttural and raucous noises are heard at the breeding colony. The male uses an advertisement call to encourage a female to join him at the nest, and both sexes use various greeting calls after a pair bond has been established. A loud, harsh
824:
weighing 680g. It may stand motionless in the shallows, or on a rock or sandbank beside the water, waiting for prey to come within striking distance. Alternatively, it moves slowly and stealthily through the water with its body less upright than when at rest and its neck curved in an "S". It is then
720:
Within its range, the grey heron can be found anywhere with suitable watery habitat that can supply its food. The water body must be either shallow enough, or have a shelving margin in it, so that it can wade. Although most common in the lowlands, it also occurs in mountain tarns, lakes, reservoirs,
271:
Standing up to 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) tall, adults weigh from 1 to 2 kg (2 to 4 lb). They have a white head and neck with a broad black stripe that extends from the eye to the black crest. The body and wings are grey above and the underparts are greyish-white, with some black on the
819:
Prey items vary in size from 1 cm-long fish and invertebrates, weighing less than 1g, to 30 cm-long carps and 57cm eels. While chicks tend to have smaller prey, individual prey caught by fully-grown Grey Herons commonly exceed 100g in weight and occasionally exceed 500g. One paper reports that an
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that terminates in the slender, dangling crest, and bluish-black streaks on the front of the neck. The scapular feathers and the feathers at the base of the neck are somewhat elongated. Immature birds lack the dark stripe on the head and are generally duller in appearance than adults, with a grey
976:
In a variety of sources, one can find a common statement that grey herons, by eating large quantities of fish, is a significant pest of fisheries, causing damage to the population of valuable fish both in natural reservoirs and in ponds intended for the cultivation of cultivated fish species.
992:
suffered from heron farms (there, in addition, the heron caught fish in the dark, which made it difficult to fight it). It was undoubtedly noted that grey herons, especially in the post-nesting period, when forage migrations begin, gather in significant numbers on fish ponds and then eat many
1907:
Bogachev, Mikhail I.; Tishin, Denis V.; Gafurov, Artur M.; Gareev, Bulat I.; Imaev, Rasul G.; Kaplun, Dmitrii I.; Markelova, Maria I.; Pyko, Nikita S.; Pyko, Svetlana A.; Romanova, Valeria A.; Safonova, Anastasiia N.; Sinitca, Aleksandr M.; Usmanov, Bulat M.; Kayumov, Airat R. (2023-06-08).
650:
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found in
Central European grey herons, 52% of the species likely infected their definitive hosts outside Central Europe itself, in the premigratory, migratory, or wintering quarters, despite the fact that a substantial proportion of grey herons do not migrate to the south.
267:
southwards in autumn. A bird of wetland areas, it can be seen around lakes, rivers, ponds, marshes and on the sea coast. It feeds mostly on aquatic creatures which it catches after standing stationary beside or in the water, or stalking its prey through the shallows.
568:
The grey heron is a large bird, standing up to 100 cm (40 in) tall and measuring 84–102 cm (33–40 in) long with a 155–195 cm (61–77 in) wingspan. The body weight can range from 1.02–2.08 kg (2 lb 4 oz – 4 lb
829:
of indigestible material such as fur, bones, and the chitinous remains of insects. The main hunting periods are around dawn and dusk, but it is also active at other times of the day. At night it roosts in trees or on cliffs, where it tends to be gregarious.
909:
lasts about 25 days. Both parents bring food for the young. At first, the chicks seize the adult's bill from the side and extract regurgitated food from it. Later, the adult disgorges the food at the nest and the chicks squabble for possession. They
600:"schaah" is used by the male in driving other birds from the vicinity of the nest and a soft "gogogo" expresses anxiety, as when a predator is nearby or a human walks past the colony. The chicks utter loud chattering or ticking noises.
64:
709:
Over much of its range, the grey heron is resident, but birds from the more northerly parts of Europe migrate southwards, some remaining in
Central and Southern Europe, others travelling on to Africa south of the Sahara Desert.
1615:
Bjedov, Dora, et al. "The first analysis of heavy metals in the Grey Heron Ardea cinerea feathers from the
Croatian colonies". Larus-Godišnjak Zavoda za ornitologiju Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti 55.1 (2020):
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The oldest recorded bird lived for 23 years, but the average life expectancy in the wild is about 5 years. Only about a third of juveniles survive into their second year, many falling victim to predation.
877:
of eggs usually numbers three to five, though as few as two and as many as seven eggs have been recorded. The eggs have a matt surface and are greenish-blue, averaging 60 mm Ă— 43 mm (
682:. To the south, its range extends to northern Spain, France, central Italy, the Balkans, the Caucasus, Iraq, Iran, India, The Maldives and Myanmar (Burma). It is also present in Africa south of the
1015:
In addition, large colonies of grey herons can have a significant impact on soil biogeochemistry and vegetation. For example, a heron colony in one study site located near the southern edge of the
655:
1697:
SAWARA, Yuji, Muneki SAKUYAMA, and Gen DEMACHI. "Diets and foraging site utilization of the Grey Heron, Ardea cinerea, in the breeding season". Japanese
Journal of Ornithology 43.2 (1994): 61-71.
717:
in the
Caribbean, Bermuda, Iceland, Greenland, the Aleutian Islands, and Newfoundland, with a few confirmed sightings in other parts of North America including Nova Scotia and Nantucket.
850:
known as heronries, usually in high trees close to lakes, the seashore, or other wetlands. Other sites are sometimes chosen, and these include low trees and bushes, bramble patches,
1584:
65:
905: in). The eggs are normally laid at two-day intervals and incubation usually starts after the first or second egg has been laid. Both birds take part in incubation and the
997:, the share of valuable, specially cultivated species was significant in the hunting of the grey heron, of which 84% were carp, 12% were white carp, and 4% were
2509:
1094:(5% prevalence). Juvenile grey herons were shown to host fewer species, but the intensity of infection was higher in the juveniles than in the adult herons. Of the
1764:
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1706:
Moser, M. E. "Prey profitability for adult Grey Herons Ardea cinerea and the constraints on prey size when feeding young nestlings". Ibis 128.3 (1986): 392-405.
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1856:
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will take them as prey. The eggs and young are more vulnerable; the adult birds do not usually leave the nest unattended, but may be lured away by marauding
1910:"The impact of Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea L.) colony on soil biogeochemistry and vegetation: a natural long-term in situ experiment in a planted pine forest"
926:
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head and neck, and a small, dark grey crest. The pinkish-yellow beak is long, straight, and powerful, and is brighter in color in breeding adults. The
980:
For example, in the 1970s, major Soviet experts considered the grey heron to be a harmful species, for example, for fish breeding reservoirs in
654:
2483:
1359:
MartĂnez-Vilalta, A.; Motis, A.; Kirwan, G.M. (2020). Del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David; De Juana, Eduardo (eds.).
1062:
A study performed by Sitko and
Heneberg in the Czech Republic between 1962 and 2013 suggested that Central European grey herons host 29 species of
2522:
678:
extends to 70° N in Norway and 66°N in Sweden, but its northerly limit is around 60°N across the rest of Europe and Asia, as far eastwards as the
2038:
Sitko, J.; Heneberg, P. (2015). "Composition, structure and pattern of helminth assemblages associated with central
European herons (Ardeidae)".
2179:
2117:
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1321:
1313:
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is largely ashy-grey above, and greyish-white below, with some black on the flanks. Adults have a white head and neck with a broad black
1594:
1490:
1969:
Veldkamp, R (2008). "Cormorants
Phalacrocorax carbo and other large bird species as prey of goshawks Accipiter gentilis in De Wieden".
2431:
1886:. Pticy Rossii i sopredelʹnych regionov / red. koll. V. D. Ilʹičev; V. E. Flint (otv. red.). Moskva: Tovariščestvo naučnych izd. KMK.
1290:
Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
2148:
1957:
1443:
1405:
2712:
2646:
1781:
1254:
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431:
370:
224:
1715:
Cook, David C. "Foraging behaviour and food of Grey Herons Ardea cinerea on the Ythan
Estuary". Bird Study 25.1 (1978): 17-22.
784:
are caught in shallow water with the heron's long bill. It has also been observed catching and killing juvenile birds such as
1143:
Roast heron was once a specially prized dish in Britain for special occasions such as state banquets. For the appointment of
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1726:
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2379:
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1989:
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2012:
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The grey heron has a slow flight, with its long neck retracted in an S-shape. This is characteristic of herons and
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1023:, the largest and longest river in Europe, and its largest tributary, the Kama, on the banks of the smaller river
2707:
2475:
2702:
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1825:
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is often incorrectly called a grey heron. In Ireland, the grey heron is often colloquially called a "crane".
109:
2722:
1144:
945:, it has established itself over the past decades in great numbers in urban environments. In cities such as
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2343:
2249:
865:
339:
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394:
204:
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520:) from South America, with which it forms a superspecies. Some authorities believe that the subspecies
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Grey herons have the ability to live in cities where habitats and nesting space are available. In the
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2586:
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2307:
1674:
826:
838:
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793:
362:
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984:. In particular, it was established that in Ukraine and in general in the southern regions of the
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1380:
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1036:
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associated with the sun, creation, and rebirth, was depicted as a heron in New Kingdom artwork.
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2514:
753:
2607:
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2113:
2107:
2086:
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1953:
1931:
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1439:
1317:
1151:
in 1465, 400 herons were served to the guests. Young birds were still being shot and eaten in
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at 7-8 weeks. Usually, a single brood is raised each year, but two broods have been recorded.
906:
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in eastern Siberia, Mongolia, eastern China, Hainan, Japan, and Taiwan. In Madagascar and the
549:
487:
1498:
2612:
2138:
2047:
1921:
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1372:
1293:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 143.
1227:
1040:
931:
671:
505:
276:
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2348:
1177:
Earnshaw, Hernshaw, Herne, and Heron all derive from the heron, the suffix -shaw meaning a
2697:
2594:
1768:
512:), which differs in being larger, and having chestnut-brown flanks and thighs; and to the
375:
1209:
263:. It is resident in much of its range, but some populations from the more northern parts
1059:. The bird may have been weakened by harsh winter weather causing scarcity of its prey.
2470:
2457:
1056:
1044:
758:
687:
679:
608:
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264:
161:
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690:, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and many of the Mediterranean Islands. It is replaced by
41:
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2134:
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1284:
1218:
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Being large birds with powerful beaks, grey herons have few predators as adults, but
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1882:
Andronov, V. A.; u. a; Priklonskij, S. G.; Zubakin, V. A.; Koblik, V. A. (2011).
524:
should be considered a separate species. It has been known to hybridise with the
272:
flanks. The long, sharply pointed beak is pinkish-yellow and the legs are brown.
63:
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2496:
2281:
1111:
1048:
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Herons have been observed visiting water enclosures in zoos, such as spaces for
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588:
525:
513:
384:
345:
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1926:
1909:
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2237:
2013:"New Information on the Predation of Fish Eating Birds by the Eurasian Otter (
1857:"Interspecific prey theft in extant theropod dinosaurs – Ardea vs. Spheniscus"
1133:
789:
777:
497:
477:
461:
448:
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302:
256:
1935:
1585:"Gray heron seen for first time in contiguous U.S., as species expands range"
17:
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1016:
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935:
821:
773:
742:
121:
2272:
2059:
1468:
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1688:
Giles, N. "Summer diet of the grey heron". Scot. Birds 11 (1981): 153-159.
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54:
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1140:(sign of a coming event) by its call, like the raven, stork, and owl.
1647:
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1024:
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813:
797:
781:
683:
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species, which are known as the "typical herons". The grey heron was
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131:
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769:
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670:
The grey heron has an extensive range throughout most of the
842:
Grey heron flying with nesting material in Stockholm, Sweden
1438:. Sydney, Australia: HarperCollinsPublishers. p. 111.
504:
It is closely related and similar to the North American
1337:
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela (eds.).
1188:
and has given its name to the character of a satirical
1583:
Seaberg, Maureen; Main, Douglas (21 September 2020).
1184:
The bird is common in the Maldives under the name of
305:. Roast heron was once a specially prized dish; when
968:, and taking food meant for the animals on display.
2256:
1570:
Handbook of British Birds, Volume 3: Hawks to Ducks
1261:. IUCN Heron Specialist Group. 2011. Archived from
788:, and occasionally takes birds up to the size of a
297:was depicted as a heron in New Kingdom artwork. In
2074:
1233:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22696993A154525233.en
706:is restricted to Mauritania and offshore islands.
1750:The heron's city life is documented in the Dutch
2077:The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt
1884:Pelikanoobraznye, Aistoobraznye, Flamingobraznye
1630:) predation on the Aldabra White-throated Rail (
596:is yellow and the legs are brown and very long.
1019:on a peninsula formed by the confluence of the
313:in 1465, 400 herons were served to the guests.
1572:. H. F. and G. Witherby Ltd. pp. 125–133.
251:family, Ardeidae, native throughout temperate
993:juveniles of cultivated fish species. In the
8:
1563:
1561:
1306:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1181:, referring to a place where herons nested.
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
2244:
2167:A dictionary of English and Welsh surnames
1459:
1457:
1455:
83:
61:
40:
31:
1925:
1231:
820:adult heron managed to catch and swallow
1369:Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive
644: Extant & Introduced (resident)
2143:. Chatto & Windus. pp. 51–56.
2011:Ruiz-Olmo, Jordi; Marsol, Rosa (2002).
1200:
674:. The range of the nominate subspecies
662:Grey heron flies a short distance in a
2112:. Yale University Press. p. 553.
1434:Pizzey, Graham; Knight, Frank (1997).
1155:in 1896. Two grey herons feature in a
1004:According to studies at fish ponds in
411:meaning "ash-grey" or "ash-coloured".
1626:Pistorius, P.A. (2008). "Grey Heron (
1436:Field Guide to the Birds of Australia
1308:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
1055:is thought to have been killed by an
638: Vagrant (seasonality uncertain)
400:. The scientific name comes from the
7:
2587:ff7e0d7e-a818-49ce-aa7f-ffa96480940d
2476:c709077b-1596-4be2-8942-d94b07c6ac01
2106:Jonson, Ben; Orgel, Stephen (1969).
2021:IUCN Otter Specialist Group Bulletin
1066:. The dominant species consisted of
353:Grey herons belong to the subfamily
2688:IUCN Red List least concern species
1950:The Birds of the Western Palearctic
1219:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
713:The grey heron is also known to be
1988:Kwong Wai Chong (5 January 2011).
1914:Frontiers in Environmental Science
1855:Mallison, Heinrich (24 May 2015).
1520:Dunning, John B. Jr., ed. (1992).
1084:Neogryporhynchus cheilancristrotus
25:
1522:CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses
1051:. A dead grey heron found in the
930:A wild heron seeking food from a
27:Long-legged predatory wading bird
1990:"Nesting grey herons: predation"
540:), the great blue heron and the
108:
2081:. Thames & Hudson. p.
1727:"The urban herons of Amsterdam"
1208:BirdLife International (2019).
702:is found, while the subspecies
2234:Audio recordings of Grey heron
2073:Wilkinson, Richard H. (2003).
1782:"Herons and garden fish ponds"
1725:Hrudova, Julie (5 June 2017).
1255:"Heron Taxonomy and Evolution"
733:, and distinguishes them from
1:
1636:Wilson Journal of Ornithology
1632:Dryolimnas cuvieri aldabranus
1568:Witherby, H. F., ed. (1943).
757:Grey heron eating a juvenile
357:, along with the majority of
2164:Bardsley, Ch. W. E. (1901).
2052:10.1016/j.parint.2014.10.009
1863:. Humboldt University Berlin
1670:"Ardea cinerea (Grey heron)"
1491:"Grey heron (Ardea cinerea)"
1371:. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
1080:Uroproctepisthmium bursicola
768:in their aquatic ecosystem.
2718:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1076:Echinochasmus beleocephalus
2739:
2040:Parasitology International
1992:. Bird Ecology Study Group
1927:10.3389/fenvs.2023.1197657
1467:. AvianWeb. Archived from
1304:Jobling, James A. (2010).
1132:, the heron was a bird of
1072:Posthodiplostomum cuticola
972:Harm caused by Grey Herons
869:An adult feeding juveniles
365:by the Swedish naturalist
301:, the heron was a bird of
243:) is a long-legged wading
2222:Interactive range map of
1226:: e.T22696993A154525233.
858:and other heron species.
816:are additionally caught.
564:Head, with neck retracted
210:
203:
105:Scientific classification
103:
81:
72:
60:
48:
39:
34:
1806:. Tiergarten Schoenbrunn
1159:window of the church in
1088:Desmidocercella numidica
604:Distribution and habitat
379:. He placed it with the
2713:Birds described in 1758
1031:Predators and parasites
846:This species breeds in
492:: found on islands off
1377:10.2173/bow.graher1.01
1123:ancient Egyptian deity
1115:
1090:(29% prevalence), and
1068:Apharyngostrigea cornu
938:
870:
843:
761:
667:
646:
565:
350:
336:
2621:Paleobiology Database
1597:on September 22, 2020
1339:"IOC World Bird List"
1110:
1092:Bilharziella polonica
1017:Republic of Tatarstan
929:
868:
841:
756:
661:
611:
563:
342:
324:
2471:Fauna Europaea (new)
2109:The Complete Masques
1771:, shot in Amsterdam.
1675:Animal Diversity Web
407:meaning "heron" and
259:, and also parts of
1826:"Birdworld Animals"
1784:. RSPB. 3 June 2004
1590:National Geographic
1037:white-tailed eagles
794:white-throated rail
548:). The Australian
460:: found in eastern
75:Conservation status
2229:IUCN Red List maps
2200:Two Thousand Isles
1948:Cramp, S. (1977):
1836:on 4 February 2015
1767:2017-01-19 at the
1265:on 12 January 2016
1259:Heron Conservation
1149:Archbishop of York
1116:
1114:postal stamp, 1959
1096:digenean flatworms
1086:(31% prevalence),
1082:(36% prevalence),
1078:(39% prevalence),
1074:(41% prevalence),
1070:(67% prevalence),
939:
871:
844:
762:
668:
647:
632: Non-breeding
566:
363:formally described
351:
337:
311:Archbishop of York
2675:
2674:
2608:Open Tree of Life
2250:Taxon identifiers
2181:978-5-87114-401-5
2119:978-0-300-10538-4
2092:978-0-500-05120-7
1893:978-5-87317-754-7
1531:978-0-8493-4258-5
1323:978-1-4081-2501-4
1041:Eurasian goshawks
988:, carp and
698:, the subspecies
659:
550:white-faced heron
491:
475:
459:
434:
231:
230:
98:
66:
16:(Redirected from
2730:
2708:Birds of Eurasia
2668:
2667:
2655:
2654:
2642:
2641:
2629:
2628:
2616:
2615:
2603:
2602:
2590:
2589:
2580:
2579:
2570:
2569:
2557:
2556:
2554:NBNSYS0000000006
2544:
2543:
2531:
2530:
2518:
2517:
2505:
2504:
2492:
2491:
2479:
2478:
2466:
2465:
2453:
2452:
2440:
2439:
2427:
2426:
2414:
2413:
2401:
2400:
2388:
2387:
2375:
2374:
2365:
2364:
2352:
2351:
2339:
2338:
2329:
2328:
2326:6AC87967DC86D7EE
2316:
2315:
2303:
2302:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2245:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2140:Birds Britannica
2130:
2124:
2123:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2080:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1966:
1960:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1929:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1832:. Archived from
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1778:
1772:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1698:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1648:10.1676/07-101.1
1623:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1593:. Archived from
1580:
1574:
1573:
1565:
1536:
1535:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1497:. Archived from
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1461:
1450:
1449:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1235:
1205:
1103:In human culture
1039:and more rarely
932:Humboldt penguin
904:
903:
899:
896:
891: in Ă—
890:
889:
885:
882:
764:Grey herons are
749:Diet and feeding
672:Palearctic realm
660:
643:
637:
631:
625:
619:
582:
581:
577:
574:
538:Egretta garzetta
506:great blue heron
490:& Roux, 1963
486:
470:
457:
426:
418:are recognised:
275:The birds breed
216:
113:
112:
92:
87:
86:
68:
67:
44:
32:
21:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2703:Birds of Africa
2678:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2663:
2658:
2650:
2645:
2637:
2632:
2624:
2619:
2611:
2606:
2598:
2595:Observation.org
2593:
2585:
2583:
2575:
2573:
2565:
2560:
2552:
2547:
2539:
2534:
2526:
2521:
2513:
2508:
2500:
2495:
2487:
2482:
2474:
2469:
2461:
2456:
2448:
2443:
2435:
2430:
2422:
2417:
2409:
2404:
2396:
2391:
2383:
2378:
2370:
2368:
2360:
2355:
2347:
2342:
2334:
2332:
2324:
2319:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2295:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2252:
2218:
2213:
2204:
2202:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2182:
2174:. p. 377.
2163:
2162:
2158:
2151:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2120:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2093:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1995:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1947:
1943:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1894:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1866:
1864:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1839:
1837:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1809:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1769:Wayback Machine
1749:
1745:
1735:
1733:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1567:
1566:
1539:
1532:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1504:
1502:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1474:
1472:
1463:
1462:
1453:
1446:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1418:
1416:
1410:Linnaeus, 1758"
1404:
1403:
1399:
1389:
1387:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1341:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1324:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1268:
1266:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1238:
1236:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1105:
1064:parasitic worms
1033:
974:
924:
901:
897:
894:
892:
887:
883:
880:
878:
836:
751:
727:
696:Aldabra Islands
649:
645:
641:
639:
635:
633:
629:
627:
623:
621:
617:
606:
583: oz). The
579:
575:
572:
570:
558:
393:and coined the
376:Systema Naturae
369:in 1758 in the
343:Grey heron and
319:
227:
218:
212:
199:
196:A. cinerea
107:
99:
88:
84:
77:
62:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2736:
2734:
2726:
2725:
2723:Birds of Nepal
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2680:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2656:
2643:
2630:
2617:
2604:
2591:
2581:
2571:
2558:
2545:
2532:
2519:
2506:
2493:
2480:
2467:
2458:Fauna Europaea
2454:
2441:
2428:
2415:
2402:
2389:
2376:
2366:
2353:
2340:
2330:
2317:
2304:
2293:
2278:
2262:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2231:
2217:
2216:External links
2214:
2212:
2211:
2196:"Maakana Show"
2187:
2180:
2156:
2149:
2135:Mabey, Richard
2133:Cocker, Mark;
2125:
2118:
2098:
2091:
2065:
2046:(1): 100–112.
2030:
2003:
1980:
1961:
1941:
1899:
1892:
1874:
1861:Dinosaur Paleo
1847:
1817:
1795:
1773:
1743:
1717:
1708:
1699:
1690:
1681:
1661:
1642:(3): 631–632.
1618:
1608:
1575:
1537:
1530:
1512:
1482:
1451:
1444:
1426:
1397:
1351:
1329:
1322:
1296:
1285:Linnaeus, Carl
1276:
1246:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1145:George Neville
1104:
1101:
1032:
1029:
973:
970:
923:
920:
835:
832:
766:apex predators
759:common moorhen
750:
747:
726:
723:
688:Canary Islands
680:Ural Mountains
640:
634:
628:
626: Resident
622:
620: Breeding
616:
605:
602:
557:
554:
546:Ardea purpurea
510:Ardea herodias
502:
501:
480:
464:
451:
318:
315:
307:George Neville
229:
228:
219:
208:
207:
201:
200:
193:
191:
187:
186:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
162:Pelecaniformes
159:
155:
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139:
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125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
101:
100:
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69:
58:
57:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2735:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2693:Ardea (genus)
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2666:
2665:Ardea-cinerea
2661:
2657:
2653:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2596:
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2572:
2568:
2563:
2559:
2555:
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2537:
2533:
2529:
2524:
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2507:
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2498:
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2363:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2313:Ardea_cinerea
2309:
2305:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2288:Ardea cinerea
2283:
2279:
2274:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2258:Ardea cinerea
2255:
2251:
2246:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2224:Ardea cinerea
2220:
2219:
2215:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2188:
2183:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2160:
2157:
2152:
2150:0-7011-6907-9
2146:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2129:
2126:
2121:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2102:
2099:
2094:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2078:
2069:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2034:
2031:
2027:(2): 103–106.
2026:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2007:
2004:
1991:
1984:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1958:0-19-857358-8
1955:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1903:
1900:
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1835:
1831:
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1676:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1628:Ardea cinerea
1622:
1619:
1612:
1609:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1579:
1576:
1571:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1527:
1524:. CRC Press.
1523:
1516:
1513:
1501:on 2012-01-27
1500:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1483:
1471:on 2016-03-24
1470:
1466:
1465:"Grey herons"
1460:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1445:0-207-18013-X
1441:
1437:
1430:
1427:
1415:
1411:
1409:
1408:Ardea cinerea
1406:"Grey Heron:
1401:
1398:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1364:
1363:Ardea cinerea
1361:"Grey Heron (
1355:
1352:
1340:
1333:
1330:
1325:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1300:
1297:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1280:
1277:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1212:Ardea cinerea
1204:
1201:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1157:stained-glass
1154:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1136:that gave an
1135:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1109:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
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1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1006:Upper Lusatia
1002:
1000:
996:
991:
987:
983:
978:
971:
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
950:
948:
944:
937:
934:enclosure at
933:
928:
921:
919:
915:
913:
908:
876:
867:
863:
859:
857:
853:
849:
840:
833:
831:
828:
823:
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815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
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771:
767:
760:
755:
748:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
724:
722:
718:
716:
711:
707:
705:
704:A. c. monicae
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
684:Sahara Desert
681:
677:
676:A. c. cinerea
673:
665:
615:
610:
603:
601:
597:
595:
590:
586:
562:
555:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
522:A. c. monicae
519:
515:
511:
507:
499:
495:
494:Banc d'Arguin
489:
484:
483:A. c. monicae
481:
479:
473:
468:
465:
463:
455:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
433:
429:
424:
423:A. c. cinerea
421:
420:
419:
417:
412:
410:
406:
403:
399:
398:Ardea cinerea
396:
395:binomial name
392:
391:
387:in the genus
386:
382:
378:
377:
372:
371:tenth edition
368:
367:Carl Linnaeus
364:
360:
356:
348:
347:
341:
335:
331:
327:
326:A. c. cinerea
323:
316:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
293:
289:
288:Ancient Egypt
284:
282:
279:in spring in
278:
273:
269:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
241:
240:Ardea cinerea
236:
226:
222:
217:
215:
214:Ardea cinerea
209:
206:
205:Binomial name
202:
198:
197:
192:
189:
188:
185:
184:
180:
177:
176:
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170:
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133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
116:
111:
106:
102:
96:
91:
90:Least Concern
80:
76:
71:
59:
56:
52:
51:Saaler Bodden
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
18:Ardea cinerea
2257:
2223:
2203:. Retrieved
2199:
2190:
2172:Henry Frowde
2166:
2159:
2139:
2128:
2108:
2101:
2076:
2068:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2024:
2020:
2014:
2006:
1994:. Retrieved
1983:
1974:
1971:De Takkeling
1970:
1964:
1949:
1944:
1917:
1913:
1902:
1883:
1877:
1865:. Retrieved
1860:
1850:
1838:. Retrieved
1834:the original
1829:
1820:
1808:. Retrieved
1804:"Graureiher"
1798:
1786:. Retrieved
1776:
1759:
1755:
1746:
1734:. Retrieved
1731:The Guardian
1730:
1720:
1711:
1702:
1693:
1684:
1673:
1664:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1611:
1601:24 September
1599:. Retrieved
1595:the original
1588:
1578:
1569:
1521:
1515:
1503:. Retrieved
1499:the original
1494:
1485:
1473:. Retrieved
1469:the original
1435:
1429:
1417:. Retrieved
1413:
1407:
1400:
1388:. Retrieved
1368:
1362:
1354:
1342:. Retrieved
1332:
1305:
1299:
1289:
1279:
1267:. Retrieved
1263:the original
1258:
1249:
1237:. Retrieved
1223:
1217:
1211:
1203:
1185:
1183:
1169:
1153:Romney Marsh
1142:
1130:ancient Rome
1127:
1117:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1034:
1014:
1003:
999:Bighead carp
979:
975:
951:
940:
916:
872:
860:
856:purple heron
845:
818:
763:
728:
719:
712:
708:
703:
700:A. c. firasa
699:
691:
675:
669:
613:
598:
567:
545:
542:purple heron
537:
534:little egret
529:
521:
517:
509:
503:
482:
467:A. c. firasa
466:
453:
422:
413:
408:
404:
397:
388:
381:cattle egret
374:
352:
344:
325:
299:Ancient Rome
285:
274:
270:
239:
238:
234:
232:
213:
211:
195:
194:
182:
29:
2497:iNaturalist
2282:Wikispecies
2015:Lutra lutra
1752:documentary
1344:12 December
1239:19 November
1112:East German
995:Kuban delta
943:Netherlands
802:water voles
778:crustaceans
692:A. c. jouyi
589:supercilium
556:Description
526:great egret
518:Ardea cocoi
514:cocoi heron
476:: found in
458:Clark, 1907
454:A. c. jouyi
439:, found in
385:great egret
346:Caudipteryx
35:Grey heron
2682:Categories
2660:Xeno-canto
2577:grey-heron
2238:Xeno-canto
2205:2023-12-31
1996:18 October
1952:. Oxford.
1840:21 January
1810:6 December
1788:18 October
1505:27 January
1475:18 October
1419:19 October
1390:17 October
1269:19 October
1196:References
1134:divination
812:and young
790:water rail
774:amphibians
743:spoonbills
666:park, 2021
614:A. cinerea
530:Ardea alba
498:Mauritania
478:Madagascar
447:, western
416:subspecies
303:divination
277:colonially
235:grey heron
1936:2296-665X
1830:Birdworld
1756:Schoffies
1385:216469782
1165:Hampshire
947:Amsterdam
936:Birdworld
922:City life
852:reed beds
822:sea trout
786:ducklings
725:Behaviour
612:Range of
349:skeletons
281:heronries
190:Species:
128:Kingdom:
122:Eukaryota
49:Near the
2541:22696993
2515:11075650
2349:22696993
2344:BirdLife
2333:BioLib:
2267:Wikidata
2137:(2005).
2060:25449288
1977:: 85–91.
1765:Archived
1760:Hoodlums
1656:84943679
1287:(1758).
1175:surnames
1161:Selborne
1053:Pyrenees
962:pelicans
954:penguins
848:colonies
834:Breeding
800:such as
796:. Small
731:bitterns
437:nominate
428:Linnaeus
409:cinereus
383:and the
355:Ardeinae
330:Jamnagar
317:Taxonomy
221:Linnaeus
172:Ardeidae
168:Family:
142:Chordata
138:Phylum:
132:Animalia
118:Domain:
95:IUCN 3.1
2489:9797180
2411:graher1
2385:bob1220
2372:graher1
2321:Avibase
1736:22 June
1414:Avibase
1190:TV show
1186:Maakana
1172:English
1010:Germany
982:Ukraine
900:⁄
886:⁄
827:pellets
814:rabbits
798:mammals
782:insects
715:vagrant
585:plumage
578:⁄
532:), the
488:Jouanin
472:Hartert
373:of his
309:became
265:migrate
247:of the
178:Genus:
158:Order:
148:Class:
93: (
55:Germany
2698:Herons
2652:212668
2613:119222
2584:NZOR:
2574:NZBO:
2528:174781
2445:EURING
2424:ARDECI
2301:graher
2273:Q25273
2178:
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2116:
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1956:
1934:
1890:
1867:15 May
1654:
1528:
1495:ARKive
1442:
1383:
1320:
1138:augury
1025:Myosha
990:mullet
964:, and
958:otters
912:fledge
907:period
875:clutch
810:stoats
780:, and
741:, and
739:cranes
735:storks
686:, the
642:
636:
630:
624:
618:
474:, 1917
445:Africa
441:Europe
359:extant
290:, the
261:Africa
253:Europe
2647:WoRMS
2626:83488
2567:30390
2510:IRMNG
2463:96658
2432:EUNIS
2406:eBird
2369:BOW:
2362:52476
1652:S2CID
1616:7-25.
1381:S2CID
1121:, an
1119:Bennu
1057:otter
1049:kites
1045:crows
1021:Volga
966:seals
664:Tokyo
414:Four
405:ardea
402:Latin
390:Ardea
334:India
295:Bennu
292:deity
249:heron
183:Ardea
2639:2230
2562:NCBI
2536:IUCN
2523:ITIS
2502:4954
2484:GBIF
2450:1220
2419:EPPO
2398:GCHS
2357:BOLD
2336:8405
2176:ISBN
2145:ISBN
2114:ISBN
2087:ISBN
2056:PMID
1998:2015
1954:ISBN
1932:ISSN
1888:ISBN
1869:2016
1842:2015
1812:2014
1790:2015
1738:2017
1634:)".
1603:2020
1526:ISBN
1507:2012
1477:2015
1440:ISBN
1421:2015
1392:2015
1346:2020
1318:ISBN
1271:2015
1241:2021
1224:2019
1179:wood
1170:The
986:USSR
873:The
806:rats
770:Fish
594:iris
462:Asia
449:Asia
432:1758
257:Asia
255:and
245:bird
233:The
225:1758
152:Aves
2634:TSA
2549:NBN
2437:900
2393:CoL
2380:BTO
2308:ADW
2297:ABA
2236:on
2227:at
2083:212
2048:doi
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