619:
592:
521:
56:
490:
463:-like pattern of black and white. Breeding birds have reddish-brown upper parts with black markings. The head is mainly white with black streaks on the crown and a black pattern on the face. The breast is mainly black apart from a white patch on the sides. The rest of the underparts are white. In flight it reveals a white wingbar, white patch near the base of the wing and white lower back, rump and tail with dark bands on the uppertail-coverts and near the tip of the tail. The female is slightly duller than the male and has a browner head with more streaking.
539:
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1710:
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607:
42:
554:
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105:
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migration and winter. They estimate that the
Canadian population is 100,000–500,000 adults. The Canadian Wildlife Service estimates that the worldwide population of ruddy turnstones is 449,000, and that 235,000 are breeding in North America while the rest are breeding throughout the Arctic regions. They are very common and widespread. Their remote breeding range and widespread winter range should help them remain a common species.
80:
1008:
999:. It found that 95% of birds resident to the area at the end of winter returned the following autumn. The same study also confirmed ruddy turnstones as one of the longest lived wader species, with annual adult mortality rates of under 15%. Their average lifespan is 9 years with 19 years and 2 months being the longest recorded.
946:
There is evidence that turnstones vary between these feeding behaviours based on individual preference, sex, and even social status with respect to other turnstones. In one studied population, dominant individuals tended to engage in routing while preventing subordinates from doing the same. When
1056:
According to the
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the ruddy turnstone population is currently very stable. Environment Canada surveys suggest that they have in fact decreased in abundance relative to the 1970s (up to 50% by one estimate) and face a variety of threats during
1031:
is laid with four being most common. The eggs measure about 41 mm Ă— 29 mm (1.6 in Ă— 1.1 in) and weigh around 17.9 g (0.63 oz). They are smooth, slightly glossy and oval to pear-shaped. They are variable in colour but are commonly pale green-brown with dark
963:
patterns of ruddy turnstones exhibit an unusual amount of variation in comparison with other shorebirds. Turnstones use these unique plumage patterns to recognize individuals and discriminate intruders in their territory from neighbours occupying an adjacent territory. When a fake fiberglass
955:
When foraging, turnstones adopt different postures indicative of their level of dominance. A lowered tail and a hunched stance is associated with chasing and aggression, and thus a dominant individual. Dominance in aggression is age-related, with juveniles assuming the subordinate role a
1650:
1023:
is a shallow scrape, often with a lining of leaves. It is about 11 cm (4.3 in) across and 3 cm (1.2 in) deep. It may be built amongst vegetation or on bare stony or rocky ground. Several pairs may nest close together.
893:, and even other turnstones, though this behaviour is uncommon. In the majority of observed cases, turnstones typically go after undefended or unattended nests, puncturing the shells with their beaks to get at the contents within.
433:(Linnaeus, 1758) – breeds in northeast Canada, Greenland, north Europe to northeast Siberia and west Alaska; winters in west, south Europe, Africa, south, east Asia, Australasia, Pacific islands, west USA and west Mexico
1043:
and are able to leave the nest soon after hatching. They are buff above with dark grey markings and are white below. They are able to feed themselves but are protected by the parents, particularly the male. They
3214:
448:
It is a fairly small and stocky bird, 22–24 cm (8.7–9.4 in) long with a wingspan of 50–57 cm (20–22 in) and a weight of 85–150 g (3.0–5.3 oz). The dark, wedge-shaped
618:
995:
In terms of wintering sites, ruddy turnstones are particularly faithful to specific locations. A study published in 2009 examined turnstones wintering along a stretch of coastline in the
964:
turnstone model is placed in a turnstone's territory, the occupant is less likely to respond aggressively if the model is painted to have the plumage pattern of a neighbouring turnstone.
878:. It often flips over stones and other objects to get at prey items hiding underneath; this behaviour is the origin of the name "turnstone". It usually forages in flocks.
1509:
Whitfield, D. Philip (October 1986). "Plumage variability and territoriality in breeding turnstone
Arenaria interpres: status signalling or individual recognition?".
833:. Some non-breeding birds remain year round in many parts of the wintering range, with some of those birds still taking on breeding plumage in the spring and summer.
3341:
1036:
begins when the first egg is laid and lasts for about 22–24 days. The female is mainly responsible for incubating the eggs but the male may help towards the end.
984:
with water nearby. Outside the breeding season, it is found along coasts, particularly on rocky or stony shores. It is often found on man-made structures such as
3406:
992:. It may venture onto open grassy areas near the coast. Small numbers sometimes turn up on inland wetlands, especially during the spring and autumn migrations.
3638:
925:
Digging: With small flicks of its bill, the turnstone creates holes in the ground substrate (usually sand or mud) and then pecks at the exposed prey – often
939:
Hammer–probing: The turnstone cracks open its prey's shell by using its bill as a hammer, and then extracts the animal inside through pecking and probing.
3483:
520:
606:
3658:
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these dominant individuals were temporarily removed, some of the subordinates started to rout, while others enacted no change in foraging strategy.
538:
591:
3354:
326:
and flying south to winter on coastlines almost worldwide. It is the only species of turnstone in much of its range and is often known simply as
942:
Surface pecking: The turnstone uses short, shallow pecks (less than a quarter bill-length) to get at prey at or just below the ground's surface.
1737:
452:
is 2–2.5 cm (0.79–0.98 in) long and slightly upturned. The legs are fairly short at 3.5 cm (1.4 in) and are bright orange.
466:
Non-breeding adults are duller than breeding birds and have dark grey-brown upperparts with black mottling and a dark head with little white.
3465:
1227:
489:
3678:
3478:
896:
Ruddy turnstones engage in a variety of behaviours to locate and capture prey. These behaviours can be placed into six general categories:
553:
3315:
3240:
1433:
Metcalfe, N.B.; Furness, R.W. (1985). "Survival, winter population stability and site fidelity in the
Turnstone Arenaria interpres".
1219:
1133:
Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
483:
The ruddy turnstone has a staccato, rattling call and also a chattering alarm-call which is mainly given during the breeding season.
1215:
3643:
3610:
3543:
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3253:
347:
220:
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Probing: The turnstone inserts its bill more than a quarter-length into the ground to get at littorinids and other gastropods.
633:
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104:
3393:
3188:
1583:
3648:
3079:
572:
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3103:
1387:
Whitfield, D. Philip (February 1990). "Individual
Feeding Specializations of Wintering Turnstone Arenaria interpres".
55:
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1152:
Ornithologie, ou, MĂ©thode
Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés
678:
The ruddy turnstone breeds in northern latitudes, usually no more than a few kilometres from the sea. The subspecies
415:, meaning "interpreter" applied to this species, but in the local dialect the word means "legs" and is used for the
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1730:
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508:
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Routing: The turnstone manipulates piles of seaweed through flicking, bulldozing, and pecking to expose small
667:
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1572:
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3139:
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Turning stones: As suggested by its name, the turnstone flicks stones with its bill to uncover hidden
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2134:
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birds have a pale brown head and pale fringes to the upperpart feathers creating a scaly impression.
439:(Linnaeus, 1766) – breeds in northeast Alaska and north Canada; winters in south USA to South America
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1998:
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and their larvae are particularly important in the breeding season. At other times it also takes
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1136:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 148.
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They have also been observed preying on the eggs of other bird species such as
3556:
2921:
2840:
2621:
2305:
2116:
1678:
1606:
1454:
930:
926:
919:
915:
863:
809:, it is widespread in the south with birds wintering as far north as southern
735:
625:
496:
474:
423:
319:
1470:"Age related Differences in Ruddy Turnstone Foraging and Aggressive Behavior"
2823:
2636:
2388:
2024:
1746:
1360:
Parkes, Kenneth (September 1971). "The Ruddy
Turnstone as an Egg Predator".
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905:
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500:
460:
296:
176:
166:
116:
3055:
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bird and pairs may remain together for more than one breeding season. The
3582:
3131:
3049:
2686:
2314:
2143:
2098:
1769:
1669:
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conditions from Arctic to tropical. The typical breeding habitat is open
908:
822:
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743:
640:
136:
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3116:
2438:
1495:
1373:
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126:
3333:
3026:
3014:
1486:
1469:
1416:
480:
are smaller with darker upperparts and less streaking on the crown.
3232:
1590:
Ruddy turnstone species text in The Atlas of
Southern African Birds
3227:
1006:
989:
814:
810:
770:
666:
661:
655:
644:
598:
389:
368:
289:
1408:
793:, Norway and Denmark southwards. Only small numbers are found on
3470:
1775:
890:
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806:
449:
292:
146:
3030:
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1076:
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310:
but was formerly sometimes placed in the plover family
612:
Ruddy
Turnstone, Vasai, Maharashtra, India in December
1607:
Video of ruddy turnstones in Swansea Bay, Wales, U.K.
1298:
1296:
1294:
1252:
Nettleship, D. N. (2020). Billerman, Shawn M (ed.).
1154:(in French and Latin). Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche.
3572:
3039:
2821:
2779:
2684:
2634:
2612:
2605:
2469:
2436:
2386:
2364:
2357:
2096:
2063:
2022:
2015:
1952:
1945:
1837:
1815:
1808:
1106:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22693336A154669637.en
1659:at Neotropical Birds (Cornell Lab of Ornithology)
972:Ruddy turnstones can survive in a wide range of
846:The ruddy turnstone has a varied diet including
1428:
1426:
805:with good numbers on many offshore islands. In
363:. The species is now placed together with the
1731:
1584:Ruddy Turnstone Population Assessment Summary
306:It is now classified in the sandpiper family
8:
1262:Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman, Editor)
1212:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
376:that was introduced by the French zoologist
1032:brown markings, densest at the larger end.
769:although it is scarce in southern parts of
3027:
2609:
2361:
2354:
2340:
2019:
1949:
1812:
1805:
1791:
1738:
1724:
1716:
1708:
1629:
854:and plant material but it feeds mainly on
229:
78:
54:
40:
31:
1485:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1104:
757:, the species winters on coastlines from
380:in 1760 with the ruddy turnstone as the
1066:
485:
1579:Ruddy turnstone profile at BirdWeb.org
1304:"Arenaria interpres (Ruddy turnstone)"
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1214:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
1191:. International Ornithologists' Union
1171:
1169:
956:disproportionate amount of the time.
789:, it winters in western regions from
7:
3445:2740bbf0-9a2d-483e-ab7c-30ad68c0955d
3285:bb3d8a1e-7131-4e73-b31c-bf9f6620dad7
318:bird, breeding in northern parts of
3639:IUCN Red List least concern species
1675:Audio recordings of Ruddy turnstone
1092:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
801:, it is common all the way down to
3321:ruddy-turnstone-arenaria-interpres
1798:(Numeniinae–Limosinae–Arenariinae)
1595:Encounter between ruddy turnstone
765:southwards to the southern tip of
25:
624:in flight, non-breeding plumage,
403:means "messenger"; when visiting
1189:IOC World Bird List Version 11.2
951:Aggression and territory defence
632:
617:
605:
590:
571:
552:
537:
519:
507:
488:
103:
3659:Birds of the Dominican Republic
1692:Field Guide: Birds of the World
1657:Ruddy turnstone species account
1612:BirdLife species factsheet for
1573:Ruddy turnstone Species Account
1081:BirdLife International (2019).
1027:A single clutch of two to five
1011:Breeding-plumaged adult on nest
1468:Groves, Sarah (January 1978).
1264:. Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
1185:"Sandpipers, snipes, coursers"
411:thought that the Swedish word
63:Adult in non-breeding plumage
1:
1651:Ruddy turnstone photo gallery
1523:10.1016/S0003-3472(86)80218-4
1653:at VIREO (Drexel University)
1575:– Cornell Lab of Ornithology
3679:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
777:and is only an unconfirmed
3700:
734:. It formerly bred on the
395:, "inhabiting sand", from
342:by the Swedish naturalist
49:Adult in breeding plumage
3009:
2353:
2339:
2288:Buff-breasted sandpiper (
1804:
1790:
1758:
1663:Interactive range map of
1455:10.1080/00063658509476881
1389:Journal of Animal Ecology
1210:Jobling, James A (2010).
1148:Brisson, Mathurin Jacques
1099:: e.T22693336A154669637.
742:and has possibly bred in
261:
254:
237:
228:
205:
198:
100:Scientific classification
98:
76:
67:
62:
53:
48:
39:
34:
2654:Short-billed dowitcher (
2347:(Tringinae–Scolopacinae)
2261:Spoon-billed sandpiper (
2252:Semipalmated sandpiper (
2171:White-rumped sandpiper (
2153:Broad-billed sandpiper (
2108:Sharp-tailed sandpiper (
1920:Bristle-thighed curlew (
1643:Internet Bird Collection
378:Mathurin Jacques Brisson
338:The ruddy turnstone was
295:, one of two species of
3644:Birds described in 1758
2663:Long-billed dowitcher (
2517:Nordmann's greenshank (
1929:Slender-billed curlew (
1638:"Ruddy turnstone media"
1549:State of the Birds 2022
1052:Status and conservation
829:and is present on many
399:, "sand". The specific
3654:Birds of the Caribbean
2949:South American snipe (
2415:Red-necked phalarope (
1012:
821:). It occurs south to
675:
664:
3505:Paleobiology Database
2749:New Guinea woodcock (
2481:Grey-tailed tattler (
2084:Henderson sandpiper (
1999:Black-tailed godwit (
1545:"Download the Report"
1270:10.2173/bow.rudtur.01
1010:
670:
659:
544:on Bald Head Island,
3280:Fauna Europaea (new)
2791:Subantarctic snipe (
2571:Solitary sandpiper (
2535:Greater yellowlegs (
2424:Wilson's phalarope (
2207:Pectoral sandpiper (
1893:Far Eastern curlew (
1884:Hudsonian whimbrel (
1857:Long-billed curlew (
1621:"Arenaria interpres"
1586:– Environment Canada
1309:Animal Diversity Web
1183:, eds. (July 2021).
1039:The young birds are
673:Muzhappilangad Beach
514:Non-breeding plumage
455:In all seasons, the
3649:Birds of the Arctic
2758:Eurasian woodcock (
2740:Moluccan woodcock (
2722:American woodcock (
2713:Sulawesi woodcock (
2704:Bukidnon woodcock (
2544:Common greenshank (
2526:Wandering tattler (
2499:Lesser yellowlegs (
2457:Spotted sandpiper (
2198:Western sandpiper (
2135:Baird's sandpiper (
2075:Tuamotu sandpiper (
1990:Bar-tailed godwit (
1911:Eurasian whimbrel (
1895:N. madagascariensis
1447:1985BirdS..32..207M
1401:1990JAnEc..59..193W
1362:The Wilson Bulletin
682:occurs in northern
671:Ruddy turnstone at
70:Conservation status
3664:Cosmopolitan birds
3562:Arenaria-interpres
3220:arenaria-interpres
3153:BirdLife-Australia
3109:Arenaria_interpres
3096:Arenaria_interpres
3071:Arenaria interpres
3041:Arenaria interpres
2967:Pin-tailed snipe (
2895:Madagascar snipe (
2490:Spotted redshank (
2448:Common sandpiper (
2297:Temminck's stint (
2270:Red-necked stint (
2189:Purple sandpiper (
2162:Curlew sandpiper (
1981:Hudsonian godwit (
1825:Upland sandpiper (
1686:Arenaria interpres
1670:IUCN Red List maps
1665:Arenaria interpres
1614:Arenaria interpres
1601:Coenobita perlatus
1597:Arenaria interpres
1256:Arenaria interpres
1254:"Ruddy Turnstone (
1179:; Donsker, David;
1085:Arenaria interpres
1048:after 19–21 days.
1013:
920:gammarid amphipods
911:hidden underneath.
698:breeds in western
676:
665:
459:is dominated by a
340:formally described
282:Arenaria interpres
249: Non-breeding
209:Arenaria interpres
18:Arenaria interpres
3626:
3625:
3492:Open Tree of Life
3033:Taxon identifiers
3024:
3023:
3005:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2913:Swinhoe's snipe (
2886:Jameson's snipe (
2834:
2697:
2672:Asian dowitcher (
2647:
2601:
2600:
2589:Common redshank (
2580:Marsh sandpiper (
2553:Green sandpiper (
2399:
2374:Terek sandpiper (
2335:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2279:Long-toed stint (
2225:Least sandpiper (
2180:Stilt sandpiper (
2051:Black turnstone (
2042:Ruddy turnstone (
2035:
2011:
2010:
1965:
1941:
1940:
1866:Eurasian curlew (
1850:
1335:"Ruddy turnstone"
1229:978-1-4081-2501-4
1181:Rasmussen, Pamela
565:Galapagos Islands
384:. The genus name
314:. It is a highly
273:
272:
268:
191:A. interpres
93:
16:(Redirected from
3691:
3619:
3618:
3606:
3605:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3574:Tringa interpres
3565:
3564:
3552:
3551:
3539:
3538:
3526:
3525:
3513:
3512:
3500:
3499:
3487:
3486:
3474:
3473:
3461:
3460:
3448:
3447:
3438:
3437:
3428:
3427:
3415:
3414:
3402:
3401:
3399:NBNSYS0000000142
3389:
3388:
3376:
3375:
3363:
3362:
3350:
3349:
3337:
3336:
3324:
3323:
3311:
3310:
3301:
3300:
3288:
3287:
3275:
3274:
3262:
3261:
3249:
3248:
3236:
3235:
3223:
3222:
3210:
3209:
3197:
3196:
3184:
3183:
3174:
3173:
3161:
3160:
3148:
3147:
3135:
3134:
3125:
3124:
3122:DC3050A9771F2CE9
3112:
3111:
3099:
3098:
3086:
3085:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3028:
2958:Solitary snipe (
2877:Imperial snipe (
2868:Latham's snipe (
2850:Wilson's snipe (
2833:
2832:
2828:
2767:Javan woodcock (
2731:Amami woodcock (
2706:S. bukidnonensis
2696:
2695:
2691:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2610:
2508:Wood sandpiper (
2398:
2397:
2393:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2290:C. subruficollis
2234:Rock sandpiper (
2053:A. melanocephala
2034:
2033:
2029:
2020:
1972:Marbled godwit (
1964:
1963:
1959:
1950:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1717:
1712:
1647:
1633:
1628:
1599:and hermit crab
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1517:(5): 1471–1482.
1511:Animal Behaviour
1506:
1500:
1499:
1489:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1430:
1421:
1420:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1331:
1314:
1313:
1300:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1249:
1234:
1233:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1173:
1164:
1163:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1078:
842:Feeding and diet
783:Falkland Islands
704:Ellesmere Island
636:
621:
609:
594:
575:
556:
541:
523:
511:
492:
426:are recognised:
361:Tringa interpres
266:
264:Tringa interpres
248:
242:
233:
211:
108:
107:
87:
82:
81:
58:
44:
35:Ruddy turnstone
32:
21:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3684:Holarctic birds
3629:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3614:
3609:
3601:
3596:
3587:
3586:
3581:
3568:
3560:
3555:
3547:
3542:
3534:
3529:
3521:
3516:
3508:
3503:
3495:
3490:
3484:ruddy-turnstone
3482:
3477:
3469:
3464:
3456:
3453:Observation.org
3451:
3443:
3441:
3435:ruddy-turnstone
3433:
3431:
3423:
3418:
3410:
3405:
3397:
3392:
3384:
3379:
3371:
3366:
3358:
3353:
3345:
3340:
3332:
3327:
3319:
3314:
3308:ruddy-turnstone
3306:
3304:
3296:
3291:
3283:
3278:
3270:
3265:
3257:
3252:
3244:
3239:
3231:
3226:
3218:
3213:
3205:
3200:
3192:
3187:
3179:
3177:
3169:
3164:
3158:ruddy-turnstone
3156:
3151:
3143:
3138:
3130:
3128:
3120:
3115:
3107:
3102:
3094:
3089:
3083:
3078:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3035:
3025:
3020:
2993:
2978:G. stricklandii
2976:Fuegian snipe (
2931:African snipe (
2897:G. macrodactyla
2830:
2829:
2827:
2817:
2809:Chatham snipe (
2775:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2680:
2674:L. semipalmatus
2643:
2642:
2640:
2630:
2597:
2465:
2432:
2406:Red phalarope (
2395:
2394:
2392:
2382:
2349:
2346:
2323:
2308:C. tenuirostris
2092:
2077:P. parvirostris
2059:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2007:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1937:
1931:N. tenuirostris
1902:Little curlew (
1875:Eskimo curlew (
1846:
1845:
1843:
1833:
1800:
1797:
1786:
1782:Charadriiformes
1754:
1753:: Scolopacidae)
1744:
1702:Ruddy turnstone
1636:
1619:
1569:
1564:
1563:
1554:
1552:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1487:10.2307/4085499
1467:
1466:
1462:
1432:
1431:
1424:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1344:
1342:
1341:. TheCornellLab
1339:All About Birds
1333:
1332:
1317:
1302:
1301:
1292:
1282:
1280:
1251:
1250:
1237:
1230:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1194:
1192:
1175:
1174:
1167:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1109:
1080:
1079:
1068:
1063:
1054:
1005:
970:
953:
844:
839:
831:Pacific islands
817:(mainly in the
696:A. i. interpres
690:as far east as
680:A. i. morinella
654:
647:
637:
628:
622:
613:
610:
601:
595:
586:
580:Hailuoto Island
576:
567:
561:Floreana Island
557:
548:
542:
533:
527:A. i. morinella
524:
515:
512:
503:
493:
446:
437:A. i. morinella
431:A. i. interpres
365:black turnstone
353:Systema Naturae
346:in 1758 in the
336:
277:ruddy turnstone
250:
246:
244:
240:
224:
213:
207:
194:
157:Charadriiformes
102:
94:
83:
79:
72:
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3697:
3695:
3687:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3631:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3607:
3594:
3578:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3553:
3540:
3527:
3514:
3501:
3488:
3475:
3462:
3449:
3439:
3429:
3416:
3403:
3390:
3377:
3364:
3351:
3338:
3325:
3312:
3302:
3289:
3276:
3267:Fauna Europaea
3263:
3250:
3237:
3224:
3211:
3198:
3185:
3175:
3162:
3149:
3136:
3126:
3113:
3100:
3087:
3076:
3061:
3045:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2982:
2973:
2964:
2955:
2946:
2937:
2933:G. nigripennis
2928:
2919:
2910:
2901:
2892:
2883:
2874:
2865:
2859:Common snipe (
2856:
2847:
2837:
2835:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2806:
2800:Snares snipe (
2797:
2793:C. aucklandica
2787:
2785:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2764:
2755:
2751:S. rosenbergii
2746:
2742:S. rochussenii
2737:
2728:
2719:
2710:
2700:
2698:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2669:
2665:L. scolopaceus
2660:
2650:
2648:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2618:
2616:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2586:
2582:T. stagnatilis
2577:
2568:
2564:T. semipalmata
2559:
2550:
2541:
2537:T. melanoleuca
2532:
2523:
2514:
2505:
2496:
2487:
2477:
2475:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2454:
2444:
2442:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2421:
2412:
2402:
2400:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2370:
2368:
2359:
2351:
2350:
2344:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2312:
2303:
2294:
2285:
2276:
2267:
2258:
2249:
2240:
2236:C. ptilocnemis
2231:
2222:
2216:Little stint (
2213:
2204:
2195:
2186:
2177:
2173:C. fuscicollis
2168:
2159:
2155:C. falcinellus
2150:
2141:
2132:
2123:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2081:
2071:
2069:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2048:
2038:
2036:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1926:
1922:N. tahitiensis
1917:
1908:
1899:
1890:
1881:
1872:
1863:
1853:
1851:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1821:
1819:
1810:
1802:
1801:
1795:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1699:
1682:
1672:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1634:
1617:
1609:
1604:
1592:
1587:
1581:
1576:
1568:
1567:External links
1565:
1562:
1561:
1536:
1501:
1460:
1441:(3): 207–214.
1422:
1395:(1): 193–211.
1379:
1368:(3): 306–308.
1352:
1315:
1290:
1235:
1228:
1202:
1165:
1160:Vol. 5, p. 132
1139:
1128:Linnaeus, Carl
1119:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1053:
1050:
1004:
1001:
997:Firth of Clyde
969:
966:
952:
949:
944:
943:
940:
937:
934:
923:
912:
843:
840:
838:
835:
819:Ryukyu Islands
686:and in Arctic
653:
650:
649:
648:
638:
631:
629:
623:
616:
614:
611:
604:
602:
596:
589:
587:
577:
570:
568:
558:
551:
549:
546:North Carolina
543:
536:
534:
525:
518:
516:
513:
506:
504:
494:
487:
445:
442:
441:
440:
434:
335:
332:
271:
270:
267:Linnaeus, 1758
259:
258:
252:
251:
245:
243: Breeding
239:
235:
234:
226:
225:
214:
203:
202:
196:
195:
188:
186:
182:
181:
174:
170:
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68:
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50:
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45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3696:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3617:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3599:
3595:
3590:
3584:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3563:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3440:
3436:
3430:
3426:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3303:
3299:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3176:
3172:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3092:
3088:
3081:
3077:
3072:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3029:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3008:
2990:
2988:
2985:Giant snipe (
2983:
2981:
2979:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2951:G. paraguaiae
2947:
2945:
2943:
2940:Noble snipe (
2938:
2936:
2934:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2924:G. nemoricola
2920:
2918:
2916:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2904:Great snipe (
2902:
2900:
2898:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2879:G. imperialis
2875:
2873:
2871:
2870:G. hardwickii
2866:
2864:
2862:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2814:
2812:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2772:
2770:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2715:S. celebensis
2711:
2709:
2707:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2677:
2675:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2627:
2625:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2594:
2592:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2492:T. erythropus
2488:
2486:
2484:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2462:
2460:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2450:A. hypoleucos
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2429:
2427:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2408:P. fulicarius
2404:
2403:
2401:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2379:
2377:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2345:Scolopacidae
2342:
2338:
2320:
2318:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2299:C. temminckii
2295:
2293:
2291:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2272:C. ruficollis
2268:
2266:
2264:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2182:C. himantopus
2178:
2176:
2174:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2164:C. ferruginea
2160:
2158:
2156:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2089:
2087:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2056:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2004:
2002:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1983:L. haemastica
1979:
1977:
1975:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1934:
1932:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1886:N. hudsonicus
1882:
1880:
1878:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1859:N. americanus
1855:
1854:
1852:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1830:
1828:
1827:B. longicauda
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1796:Scolopacidae
1793:
1789:
1783:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1729:
1727:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1550:
1546:
1540:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1505:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1480:(1): 95–103.
1479:
1475:
1471:
1464:
1461:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1383:
1380:
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1371:
1367:
1363:
1356:
1353:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1257:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
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931:seaweed flies
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841:
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832:
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795:Mediterranean
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768:
767:South America
764:
763:Massachusetts
760:
756:
751:
749:
748:Faroe Islands
745:
741:
737:
733:
730:and northern
729:
725:
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692:Baffin Island
689:
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358:binomial name
355:
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349:
348:tenth edition
345:
344:Carl Linnaeus
341:
333:
331:
329:
325:
324:North America
321:
317:
313:
309:
304:
302:
299:in the genus
298:
294:
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285:) is a small
284:
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85:Least Concern
75:
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57:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3573:
3040:
2986:
2977:
2968:
2960:G. solitaria
2959:
2950:
2941:
2932:
2923:
2922:Wood snipe (
2914:
2905:
2896:
2887:
2878:
2869:
2861:G. gallinago
2860:
2851:
2842:
2841:Puna snipe (
2822:
2810:
2801:
2792:
2782:Coenocorypha
2780:
2768:
2760:S. rusticola
2759:
2750:
2741:
2732:
2723:
2714:
2705:
2685:
2673:
2664:
2655:
2644:(Dowitchers)
2635:
2623:
2622:Jack snipe (
2614:Lymnocryptes
2613:
2606:Scolopacinae
2590:
2581:
2573:T. solitaria
2572:
2563:
2554:
2546:T. nebularia
2545:
2536:
2527:
2518:
2509:
2500:
2491:
2482:
2470:
2459:A. macularia
2458:
2449:
2437:
2425:
2416:
2407:
2396:(Phalaropes)
2387:
2375:
2365:
2316:
2307:
2306:Great knot (
2298:
2289:
2281:C. subminuta
2280:
2271:
2262:
2253:
2244:
2235:
2227:C. minutilla
2226:
2217:
2209:C. melanotos
2208:
2199:
2190:
2181:
2172:
2163:
2154:
2145:
2136:
2127:
2118:
2117:Sanderling (
2110:C. acuminata
2109:
2097:
2085:
2076:
2064:
2052:
2044:A. interpres
2043:
2041:
2032:(Turnstones)
2023:
2000:
1992:L. lapponica
1991:
1982:
1973:
1953:
1930:
1921:
1912:
1903:
1894:
1885:
1876:
1867:
1858:
1838:
1826:
1816:
1690:
1685:
1664:
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1624:
1613:
1600:
1596:
1553:. Retrieved
1551:. 2019-09-20
1548:
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1463:
1438:
1434:
1409:10.2307/5168
1392:
1388:
1382:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1343:. Retrieved
1338:
1307:
1281:. Retrieved
1261:
1255:
1211:
1205:
1193:. Retrieved
1188:
1151:
1142:
1132:
1122:
1110:. Retrieved
1096:
1090:
1084:
1055:
1038:
1026:
1014:
1003:Reproduction
994:
971:
958:
954:
945:
895:
880:
845:
803:South Africa
752:
695:
679:
677:
652:Distribution
526:
482:
477:
472:
465:
454:
447:
436:
430:
421:
412:
400:
396:
392:
385:
382:type species
371:
360:
351:
337:
327:
312:Charadriidae
308:Scolopacidae
305:
300:
287:cosmopolitan
281:
280:
276:
274:
263:
262:
208:
206:
190:
189:
177:
167:Scolopacidae
29:
3518:SeaLifeBase
3420:Neotropical
3381:NatureServe
3329:iNaturalist
3065:Wikispecies
3015:Boyd (2019)
2987:G. undulata
2888:G. jamesoni
2852:G. delicata
2769:S. saturata
2694:(Woodcocks)
2637:Limnodromus
2555:T. ochropus
2519:T. guttifer
2510:T. glareola
2501:T. flavipes
2483:T. brevipes
2426:P. tricolor
2376:X. cinereus
2191:C. maritima
2016:Arenariinae
1913:N. phaeopus
1877:N. borealis
1704:media from
1195:22 November
1177:Gill, Frank
1112:11 November
986:breakwaters
927:sandhoppers
916:littorinids
902:crustaceans
864:crustaceans
827:New Zealand
797:coasts. In
639:At Narara,
444:Description
3674:Shorebirds
3669:Sandpipers
3633:Categories
3589:Q107055546
3557:Xeno-canto
2969:G. stenura
2942:G. nobilis
2811:C. pusilla
2802:C. huegeli
2656:L. griseus
2624:L. minimus
2591:T. totanus
2417:P. lobatus
2389:Phalaropus
2317:C. virgata
2315:Surfbird (
2263:C. pygmaea
2254:C. pusilla
2146:C. canutus
2144:Red knot (
2137:C. bairdii
2066:Prosobonia
1904:N. minutus
1868:N. arquata
1809:Numeniinae
1747:Sandpipers
1679:Xeno-canto
1555:2022-11-14
1435:Bird Study
1345:29 October
1283:29 October
1061:References
1034:Incubation
1017:monogamous
759:Washington
626:Madagascar
497:Heligoland
475:subspecies
424:subspecies
356:under the
3013:Based on
2915:G. megala
2843:G. andina
2824:Gallinago
2528:T. incana
2358:Tringinae
2245:C. pugnax
2218:C. minuta
2128:C. alpina
2001:L. limosa
1962:(Godwits)
1946:Limosinae
1847:(Curlews)
1817:Bartramia
1762:Kingdom:
1278:216484643
1041:precocial
906:gastropod
837:Behaviour
775:Argentina
738:coast of
708:Greenland
501:North Sea
478:morinella
461:harlequin
407:in 1741,
401:interpres
393:arenarius
328:turnstone
316:migratory
297:turnstone
185:Species:
123:Kingdom:
117:Eukaryota
3583:Wikidata
3386:2.102944
3373:22693336
3347:11083181
3145:22693336
3140:BirdLife
3129:BioLib:
3050:Wikidata
2906:G. media
2831:(Snipes)
2724:S. minor
2687:Scolopax
2562:Willet (
2200:C. mauri
2126:Dunlin (
2099:Calidris
2086:P. sauli
2025:Arenaria
1974:L. fedoa
1840:Numenius
1770:Chordata
1768:Phylum:
1764:Animalia
1531:53172887
1150:(1760).
1130:(1758).
1015:It is a
978:climatic
974:habitats
909:molluscs
872:molluscs
850:, eggs,
823:Tasmania
755:Americas
746:and the
744:Scotland
641:Jamnagar
468:Juvenile
417:redshank
409:Linnaeus
388:is from
386:arenaria
373:Arenaria
334:Taxonomy
301:Arenaria
256:Synonyms
217:Linnaeus
178:Arenaria
163:Family:
137:Chordata
133:Phylum:
127:Animalia
113:Domain:
90:IUCN 3.1
3616:1299123
3603:8393102
3298:2481776
3194:bob5610
3117:Avibase
2733:S. mira
2439:Actitis
2119:C. alba
1780:Order:
1774:Class:
1625:Avibase
1496:4085499
1474:The Auk
1443:Bibcode
1397:Bibcode
1374:4160107
990:jetties
968:Ecology
961:plumage
868:spiders
860:Insects
848:carrion
791:Iceland
781:in the
779:vagrant
753:In the
740:Germany
728:Estonia
724:Finland
716:Denmark
584:Finland
457:plumage
405:Gotland
367:in the
350:of his
320:Eurasia
173:Genus:
153:Order:
143:Class:
88: (
3549:147431
3523:166038
3510:186395
3497:821753
3471:147431
3442:NZOR:
3432:NZBO:
3425:rudtur
3360:176571
3305:GNAB:
3254:EURING
3233:rudtur
3181:rudtur
3084:rudtur
3056:Q26892
2472:Tringa
2243:Ruff (
1955:Limosa
1751:family
1706:ARKive
1697:Flickr
1529:
1494:
1415:
1372:
1276:
1226:
1046:fledge
982:tundra
874:, and
799:Africa
787:Europe
736:Baltic
732:Russia
720:Sweden
712:Norway
700:Alaska
688:Canada
684:Alaska
531:Tobago
290:wading
247:
241:
238:Range
3611:WoRMS
3544:WoRMS
3412:54971
3342:IRMNG
3272:96863
3241:EUNIS
3228:eBird
3207:67RLB
3178:BOW:
3171:19980
3132:21696
2366:Xenus
1527:S2CID
1492:JSTOR
1413:JSTOR
1370:JSTOR
1274:S2CID
891:ducks
887:terns
883:gulls
876:worms
815:Japan
811:China
785:. In
771:Chile
662:kutch
645:India
599:India
397:arena
390:Latin
369:genus
3598:GBIF
3536:2252
3479:ODNR
3466:OBIS
3407:NCBI
3368:IUCN
3355:ITIS
3334:3938
3293:GBIF
3259:5610
3166:BOLD
1776:Aves
1417:5168
1347:2021
1285:2021
1224:ISBN
1197:2021
1114:2021
1097:2019
1029:eggs
1021:nest
988:and
976:and
959:The
918:and
852:fish
825:and
813:and
807:Asia
773:and
761:and
450:bill
422:Two
413:Tolk
322:and
293:bird
275:The
221:1758
147:Aves
3531:TSA
3458:182
3394:NBN
3316:IBC
3246:904
3215:CMS
3202:CoL
3189:BTO
3104:AFD
3091:ADW
3080:ABA
1695:on
1689:in
1677:on
1668:at
1519:doi
1482:doi
1451:doi
1405:doi
1266:doi
1220:206
1101:doi
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559:on
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