1005:
within the same area code, even if no area code is required, has been permitted since the mid-2000s. For example, in the 559 area code (a non-overlay area code), calls may be dialed as seven digits (XXX-XXXX) or 1 559 + 7 digits. The manner in which a call is dialed does not affect the billing of the call. This "permissive home area code dialing" helps maintain uniformity and eliminates confusion given the different types of area code relief that has made
California the nation's most "area code" intensive State. Unlike other states with overlay area codes (Texas, Maryland, Florida and Pennsylvania and others), the California Public Utilities Commission and the New York State Public Service Commission maintain two different dial plans: Landlines must dial 1 + area code whenever an Area Code is part of the dialed digits while cellphone users can omit the "1" and just dial 10 digits.
387:) for each member organization. Country codes are prefixes to national telephone numbers that denote call routing to the network of a subordinate number plan administration, typically a country, or group of countries with a uniform numbering plan, such as the NANP. E.164 permits a maximum length of 15 digits for the complete international phone number consisting of the country code, the national routing code (area code), and the subscriber number. E.164 does not define regional numbering plans, however, it does provide recommendations for new implementations and uniform representation of all telephone numbers.
1217:
657:) to another location within the same enterprise. A large manufacturer with factories and offices in multiple cities may use a prefix (such as '8') followed by an internal routing code to indicate a city or location, then an individual four- or five-digit extension number at the destination site. A common trunk prefix for an outside line on North American systems is the digit 9, followed by the outside destination number.
2642:
2652:
981:, dialing the area code, or 1 and the area code, is required even for local calls. Dialing from mobile phones does not require the trunk code in the US, although it is still necessary for calling all long-distance numbers from a mobile phone in Canada. Many mobile handsets automatically add the area code of the set's telephone number for outbound calls, if not dialed by the user.
2631:
2662:
296:. In addition to digit count, the format may be restricted to certain digit patterns. For example, the NANP had at times specific restrictions on the range of digits for the three positions, and required assignment to geographical areas avoiding nearby areas receiving similar area codes to avoid confusion and misdialing.
164:
1004:
In
California and New York, because of the existence of both overlay area codes (where an area code must be dialed for every call) and non-overlay area codes (where an area code is dialed only for calls outside the subscriber's home area code), "permissive home area code dialing" of 1 + the area code
835:
Within the North
American Numbering Plan (NANP), the administration defines standard and permissive dialing procedures, specifying the number of mandatory digits to be dialed for local calls within a single numbering plan area (NPA), as well as alternate, optional sequences, such as adding the prefix
189:), such as a wire centers. In mobile networks they may indicate the network provider. Callers in a given area sometimes do not need to include area prefixes when dialing within the same area, but devices that dial telephone numbers automatically may include the full number with area and access codes.
97:
Private numbering plans exist in telephone networks that are privately operated in an enterprise or organizational campus. Such systems may be supported by a private branch exchange (PBX), which provides a central access point to the PSTN and also controls internal calls between telephone extensions.
839:
Despite the closed numbering plan in the NANP, different dialing procedures exist in many of the territories for local and long-distance telephone calls. This means that to call another number within the same city or area, callers need to dial only a subset of the full telephone number. For example,
143:
Many national numbering plans have developed from local historical requirements and progress or technological advancements, which resulted in a variety of structural characteristics of the telephone numbers assigned to telephones. In the United States, the industry decided in 1947 to unite all local
105:
establish the customer dialing procedures, i.e., the sequence of digits or symbols to be dialed to reach a destination. It is the manner in which the numbering plan is used. Even in closed numbering plans, it is not always necessary to dial all digits of a number. For example, an area code may often
1145:
While dialing of full national numbers takes longer than a local number without the area code, the increased use of phones that can store numbers means that this is of decreasing importance. It also makes it easier to display numbers in the international format, as no trunk code is required—hence a
931:
During the early 1990s, the numbering plan was reorganised with the numerous area codes merged into just five, but the requirement to dial the area code between local calling areas remained. This means even though
Christchurch and Nelson are now both in the same area code, the area code has to be
215:
Telephone administrations that manage telecommunication infrastructure of extended size, such as a large country, often divide the territory into geographic areas. This benefits independent management by administrative or historical subdivisions, such as states and provinces, of the territory or
180:
The subscriber number is the address assigned to a telephone line or wireless communication channel terminating at the customer equipment. The first few digits of the subscriber number may indicate smaller geographical scopes, such as towns or districts, based on municipal aspects, or individual
1016:
in areas without overlays. This aspect is unintentionally helpful for employees who reside in one area code and work in an area code with one, two, or three adjacent area codes. 1+ dialing to any area code by an employee can be done quickly, with all exceptions processed by the private branch
1029:
In small countries or areas, the full telephone number is used for all calls, even in the same area. This has traditionally been the case in small countries and territories where area codes have not been required. However, there has been a trend in many countries towards making all numbers a
826:
A dial plan establishes the expected sequence of digits dialed on subscriber premises equipment, such as telephones, in private branch exchange (PBX) systems, or in other telephone switches to effect access to the telephone networks for the routing of telephone calls, or to effect or activate
818:
While a telephone numbering plan specifies the digit sequence assigned to each telephone or wire line, establishing the network addresses needed for routing calls, numbering plan administrators may define certain dialing procedures for placing calls. This may include the dialing of additional
680:
Signaling in telecommunication networks is specific to the technology in use for each link. During signaling, it is common that additional information is passed between switching systems that is not represented in telephone numbers, which serve only as network addresses of endpoints. One such
598:
A private numbering plan provides the convenience of mapping station telephone numbers to other commonly used numbering schemes in an enterprise. For example, station numbers may be assigned as the room number of a hotel or hospital. Station numbers may also be strategically mapped to certain
54:
For public numbering systems, geographic location typically plays a role in the sequence of numbers assigned to each telephone subscriber. Many numbering plan administrators subdivide their territory of service into geographic regions designated by a prefix, often called an
46:
to subscriber telephones or other telephony endpoints. Telephone numbers are the addresses of participants in a telephone network, reachable by a system of destination code routing. Telephone numbering plans are defined in each of the administrative regions of the
66:
Numbering plans may follow a variety of design strategies which have often arisen from the historical evolution of individual telephone networks and local requirements. A broad division is commonly recognized between closed and open numbering plans. A
819:
prefixes necessary for administrative or technical reasons, or it may permit short code sequences for convenience or speed of service, such as in cases of emergency. The body of dialing procedures of a numbering plan administration is often called a
901:
The plus character (+) in the markup signifies that the following digits are the country code, in this case 61. Some phones, especially mobile telephones, allow the + to be entered directly. For other devices the user must replace the + with the
453:
Within the system of country calling codes, the ITU has defined certain prefixes for special services, and assigns such codes for independent international networks, such as satellite systems, spanning beyond the scope of regional authorities.
996:
610 xxx xxxx — local calls within the 610 area code and its overlay (484), as well as calls to or from the neighboring 215 area code and its overlay, 267. Area code is required; one of two completion options for mobile phones within the
307:, have merged variable-length area codes and telephone numbers into fixed-length numbers that must always be dialed independently of location. In such administrations, the area code is not distinguished formally in the telephone number.
251:
Other national telecommunication authorities use various formats and dialing rules for area codes. The size of area code prefixes may either be fixed or variable. Area codes in the NANP have three digits, while two digits are used in
630:. In some of these cases, a special shorter dial-in number can be used to reach an operator who can be asked for general information, e.g. help looking up or connecting to internal numbers. For example, individual extensions at
625:
Some systems may automatically map a large block of DID numbers (differing only in a trailing sequence of digits) to a corresponding block of individual internal stations, allowing each of them to be reached directly from the
943:
In many areas of the NANP, the domestic trunk code (long-distance access code) must also be dialed along with the area code for long-distance calls even within the same numbering plan area. For example, to call a number in
595:, as the internal numbering plan extends an official, published main access number for the entire network. A caller from within the network only dials the extension number assigned to another internal destination telephone.
851:
Internationally, an area code is typically prefixed by a domestic trunk access code (usually 0) when dialing from inside a country, but is not necessary when calling from other countries; there are exceptions, such as for
86:, for uniform interoperability of the networks of its member state or regional administrations. It is an open numbering plan, however, imposing a maximum length of 15 digits to telephone numbers. The standard defines a
398:
are necessary only when dialing telephone numbers in other countries than the originating telephone, but many networks permit them for all calls. These are dialed before the national telephone number.
314:(STD) codes. Depending on local dialing plans, they are often necessary only when dialed from outside the code area or from mobile phones. In North America ten-digit dialing is required in areas with
144:
telephone networks under one common numbering plan with a fixed length of ten digits for the national telephone number of each telephone, of which the last seven digits were known as the local
840:
in the NANP, only the seven-digit number may need to be dialed, but for calls outside the local numbering plan area, the full number including the area code is required. In these situations,
125:
E.164 specifies that a telephone number consist of a country code and a national telephone number. National telephone numbers are defined by national or regional numbering plans, such as the
1370:
634:
can be dialed directly from outside via their four-digit internal extension +49-681-302-xxxx, whereas the university's official main number is +49-681-302-0 (49 is the country code for
622:
system. Telephone numbers for users within such systems are often published by suffixing the official telephone number with the extension number, e.g., 1 800 555-0001 x2055.
75:
has a variance in the length of the area code, local number, or both of a telephone number assigned to a subscriber line. The latter type developed predominantly in Europe.
1030:
standard length, and incorporating the area code into the subscriber's number. This usually makes the use of a trunk code obsolete. For example, to call someone in Oslo in
1235:
912:
requires the area code to be dialed when calling between two local calling areas. During the 1970s and 1980s, each local calling area had its own area code. For example,
614:(DID) services provided by external telecommunication vendors. For numbers without DID access, the internal switch relays externally originated calls via an operator, an
1245:
1536:
2614:
2586:
2581:
1606:
792:
1380:
216:
country. Each area of subdivision is identified in the numbering plan with a routing code. This concept was first developed in the planning for a
140:
Within a national numbering plan, a complete destination telephone number is typically composed of an area code and a subscriber telephone number.
1000:
1 610 xxx xxxx — calls from numbers outside the 610/484 and 215/267 area codes; second of two completion options for mobile phones within the U.S.
293:
134:
2608:
2701:
2603:
2593:
2573:
2375:
1230:
485:
376:
115:
79:
583:
Like a public telecommunications network, a private telephone network in an enterprise or within an organizational campus may implement a
2598:
2444:
1496:
438:
414:
1172:
Some countries already switched, but trunk prefix re-added with the closed dialing plan, for example in
Bangkok, Thailand before 1997:
992:, the ten-digit number must be dialed. If the call is not local, the call fails unless the dialed number is preceded by digit 1. Thus:
2370:
686:
587:
numbering plan for the installed base of telephones for internal communication. Such networks operate a private switching system or a
504:
465:
126:
906:
for their current location. In the United States, most carriers require the caller to dial 011 before the destination country code.
2464:
1018:
627:
48:
693:(SMS) messages. As of 2004, the following numbering plans and their respective numbering plan indicator values have been defined:
2249:
1797:
1599:
1518:
1012:
systems which permit dialing the access digit(s) for an outside line (usually 9 or 8), a "1" and finally the local area code and
261:
2360:
848:
suggests to list the area code in parentheses, signifying that in some cases the area code is optional or may not be required.
2691:
2355:
1906:
492:
265:
340:
or national access code for domestic calls, and for international calls by the international access code and country code.
2380:
1240:
631:
395:
380:
326:
229:
130:
2665:
1547:
2655:
2416:
2313:
1856:
1623:
887:
876:
304:
300:
273:
2645:
2152:
1592:
281:
63:, which is a set of digits forming the most-significant part of the dialing sequence to reach a telephone subscriber.
1347:
409:, international telephone numbers are commonly indicated in listings by prefixing the country code with a plus sign (
645:
Callers within a private numbering plan often dial a trunk prefix to reach a national or international destination (
192:
The subscriber number is typically listed in local telephone directories, and is therefore often referred to as the
2686:
2504:
2426:
2365:
2072:
1123:
853:
619:
472:
321:
The strict correlation of a telephone number to a geographical area has been broken by technical advances, such as
205:
2276:
2237:
2082:
1982:
1911:
1844:
1671:
1079:
and some parts of North
America, the trunk code is retained for domestic calls, whether local or national, e.g.,
903:
534:
311:
2635:
1877:
1812:
1765:
1651:
1255:
322:
253:
168:
1453:
The E.164 to
Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI) Dynamic Delegation Discovery System (DDDS) Application (ENUM)
2474:
2459:
2303:
2254:
2177:
2077:
1755:
1641:
1636:
1009:
685:, paragraph 3.4.2.3.3, indicating the numbering plan of the attached telephone number. NPIs can be found in
588:
289:
225:
2396:
2182:
1997:
1942:
1937:
1750:
1715:
989:
285:
209:
571:
Some satellite telephones are issued with telephone numbers from a national numbering plan; for example,
2298:
2102:
2067:
1987:
1967:
1889:
1777:
1698:
1375:
961:
690:
611:
543:
221:
433:
services, the plus sign can usually be dialed and functions directly as the international access code.
681:
information element is the numbering plan indicator (NPI). It is a number defined in the ITU standard
2696:
2212:
2172:
2142:
1899:
1834:
1725:
1579:
1574:
1471:
1430:
957:
945:
2222:
2162:
1921:
1883:
1740:
1681:
1666:
1500:
1327:
Myers, O.; Dahlbom, C. A. (1961-11-15). "Overseas
Dialing: A Step Toward Worldwide Communication".
1250:
917:
615:
479:
233:
101:
In contrast to numbering plans, which determine telephone numbers assigned to subscriber stations,
91:
2449:
2406:
2337:
2207:
2137:
2112:
2047:
1894:
1615:
182:
417:
of the country from which the call is placed. For example, the international dialing prefix or
2489:
2411:
2325:
2308:
2271:
2157:
2117:
1947:
1916:
1782:
1676:
1422:
1222:
524:
are typically issued with telephone numbers with a special country calling code, for example:
355:
as the code for London. If they call from another station within London, they may merely dial
39:
1504:
90:
for each member region which is prefixed to each national telephone number for international
2494:
2454:
2434:
2401:
2330:
2288:
2202:
2057:
2042:
2017:
1992:
1952:
1802:
1661:
1656:
1646:
1461:
1412:
1289:
434:
343:
Area codes are often quoted by including the national access code. For example, a number in
43:
35:
779:
775:
2122:
1977:
1745:
1708:
978:
967:
1 306 xxx xxxx — within
Saskatchewan, but not within the Regina local calling area, e.g.,
883:
872:
521:
228:(DDD) in the Bell System in the United States in the 1940s, a system that resulted in the
71:, as found in North America, features fixed-length area codes and local numbers, while an
1720:
1134:, require the initial zero to be dialed, even for calls from outside the country, e.g.,
1122:"0-10 Digit Number" (outside India +91 XXXXXXXXXX). In India due to the availability of
2320:
2192:
2167:
2127:
2097:
1972:
1807:
1693:
1308:
1293:
639:
160:, which features a variance in the length of the area code, the local number, or both.
827:
specific service features by the local telephone company, such as 311 or 411 service.
2680:
2469:
2242:
2232:
2147:
2037:
2032:
2022:
2007:
1829:
1688:
1260:
1107:
949:
430:
330:
118:(ITU) use national telephone numbering plans that conform to international standard
2347:
2187:
2132:
2062:
2027:
1962:
1861:
1851:
1703:
1076:
985:
913:
669:
337:
315:
102:
87:
509:
248:. The area code is prefixed to each telephone number issued in its service area.
2547:
2197:
2107:
2092:
2052:
2012:
1871:
1483:
1474:
1451:
1433:
1402:
1072:
909:
672:
from an individual room, are available at the sole discretion of the PBX owner.
650:
114:
National or regional telecommunication administrations that are members of the
2552:
2259:
1957:
1866:
1822:
1792:
1770:
1760:
1735:
1546:(in Czech). 9/2000. Czech Telecommunication Office. 2000-09-25. Archived from
1212:
572:
549:
156:. In several European countries, a different strategy prevailed, known as the
1426:
2537:
2002:
1817:
1101:
968:
894:
860:
820:
661:
604:
336:
When dialing a telephone number, the area code may have to be preceded by a
257:
106:
be omitted when the destination is in the same area as the calling station.
1575:
List of ITU-T Recommendation E.164 assigned country codes as of 15 Dec 2016
984:
In some parts of the United States, especially northeastern states such as
1110:
1 212 xxx xxxx (outside the North American Numbering Plan +1 212 xxx xxxx)
2532:
2522:
2439:
2264:
2087:
1089:
591:(PBX) within the network. The internal numbers assigned are often called
528:
17:
1580:
List of ITU-T Recommendation E.164 Dialling Procedures as of 15 DEC 2011
599:
keywords composed from the letters on the telephone dial, such as 4357 (
2527:
2512:
1113:
1064:
1048:
After 1992, this changed to a closed eight-digit numbering plan, e.g.:
635:
558:
269:
171:, which were more easily memorable for users than long digit sequences.
163:
2557:
2517:
1839:
1631:
1584:
1466:
1417:
1147:
1095:
1060:
1031:
868:
344:
232:
for World Zone 1. AT&T divided the United States and Canada into
1126:, the metro cities have short codes which range from 2 to 8 digits.
167:
United States telephone numbers often included letter prefixes and
2542:
2479:
1787:
1131:
1119:
1116:
092 xxx xxxx (outside the Japanese Numbering Plan +81 92 xxx xxxx)
1083:
1068:
845:
841:
805:
759:
749:
726:
682:
665:
442:
406:
402:
372:
277:
236:(NPAs), and assigned to each NPA a unique three-digit prefix, the
162:
119:
83:
264:. Variable-length formats exist in multiple countries including:
82:(ITU) has established a comprehensive numbering plan, designated
2484:
1457:
1408:
1138:
564:
1588:
27:
Numbering method for assigning routing addresses for telephones
1730:
973:
1 306 xxx xxxx — anywhere within the NANP outside Saskatchewan
429:
in most other countries. On modern mobile telephones and many
318:, in which multiple area codes are assigned to the same area.
1038:
xxx xxx (within Oslo - no area code required)
610:
The internal number assignments may be independent of any
890:, but still within Australia - the area code is required)
1307:"10-3.02: INTERNATIONAL DIRECT DISTANCE DIAUNG (IDDD)".
977:
In many parts of North America, especially in area code
379:
is an international numbering plan and establishes a
2566:
2503:
2425:
2389:
2346:
2287:
2221:
1930:
1622:
1104:
021 xxx xxxx (outside South Africa +27 21 xxx xxxx)
1098:
022 xxx xxxx (outside Switzerland +41 22 xxx xxxx)
1041:(02) xxx xxx (within Norway - outside Oslo)
410:
1348:"Operator Toll Dialing—A New Long Distance Method"
1236:National conventions for writing telephone numbers
359:, or if dialing from another country, the initial
1450:S. Bradner; L. Conroy; K. Fujiwara (March 2011).
939:(03) 54x xxxx — to call Nelson from Christchurch.
936:(03) 3xx xxxx — to call Christchurch from Nelson.
664:customisations, such as single-digit access to a
1371:"Cell-phone age turns the 614 into just numbers"
1280:Nunn, W.H. (1952). "Nationwide Numbering Plan".
1246:List of North American Numbering Plan area codes
927:(054) xx xxx — to call Nelson from Christchurch.
924:(03) xxx xxx — to call Christchurch from Nelson.
1086:01 xx xx xx xx (outside France +33 1 xxxx xxxx)
204:"Area code" redirects here. For the songs, see
1052:22xx xxxx (within Norway - including Oslo)
500:888 - international disaster relief operations
457:Some special service codes are the following:
1600:
1168:+420 2 / xx xx xx xx (outside Czech Republic)
441:to perform endpoint discovery, and therefore
8:
1092:02 xxx xxxx (outside Belgium +32 2 xxx xxxx)
2615:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
1537:"ÄŚĂslovacĂ plán veĹ™ejnĂ˝ch telefonnĂch sĂtĂ"
1150:, Czech Republic, can now be displayed as:
1141:06 xxxxxxxx (outside Italy +39 06 xxxxxxxx)
413:). This reminds the subscriber to dial the
2651:
1607:
1593:
1585:
1404:Voice over IP (VoIP) SIP Peering Use Cases
363:should be omitted after the country code.
310:In the UK, area codes were first known as
152:. Such a numbering plan became known as a
51:(PSTN) and in private telephone networks.
1465:
1416:
1401:A. Uzelac; Y. Lee, eds. (November 2011).
1346:Pilliod, J.J.; Ryan, H.L. (Summer 1945).
1165:02 / xx xx xx xx (inside Czech Republic)
1161:as opposed to before September 21, 2002:
1157:+420 2xx xxx xxx (outside Czech Republic)
932:dialed for calls between the two cities.
461:388 5 – shared code for groups of nations
695:
531:: 870: SNAC (Single Network Access Code)
512:999 – reserved for future global service
1272:
1034:before 1992, it was necessary to dial:
642:, 302 the prefix for the university).
240:, which became known in short-form as
1231:Category:Telephone numbers by country
1059:However, in other countries, such as
497:882 and +883 – International Networks
486:Universal Personal Telecommunications
468:– Europe-wide services (discontinued)
377:International Telecommunication Union
116:International Telecommunication Union
80:International Telecommunication Union
7:
2661:
1044:47 2 xxx xxx (outside Norway)
1329:Telephone Engineer & Management
1154:2xx xxx xxx (inside Czech Republic)
439:Dynamic Delegation Discovery System
1294:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1952.tb01412.x
1197:Trunk prefix was re-added in 2001
687:Signalling Connection Control Part
505:International Premium Rate Service
466:European Telephony Numbering Space
127:European Telephony Numbering Space
25:
1519:"International Calling Tip Sheet"
1204:+66 2-xxx-xxxx (outside Thailand)
1193:+66 2-xxx-xxxx (outside Thailand)
1182:+66 2-xxx-xxxx (outside Thailand)
1019:public switched telephone network
628:public switched telephone network
351:. Users must correctly interpret
49:public switched telephone network
2660:
2650:
2641:
2640:
2629:
2250:Free-space optical communication
1497:"Contacting Saarland University"
1215:
836:1 before the telephone number.
575:issues NANP telephone numbers.
471:800 – International Freephone (
493:Global Mobile Satellite System
1:
1282:Bell System Technical Journal
1241:List of country calling codes
1201:02-xxx-xxxx (inside Thailand)
1179:02-xxx-xxxx (inside Thailand)
1055:47 22xx xxxx (outside Norway)
1017:exchange and passed onto the
814:Subscriber dialing procedures
327:North American Numbering Plan
230:North American Numbering Plan
131:North American Numbering Plan
2702:Telephone numbers by country
2636:Telecommunication portal
2417:Telecommunications equipment
1369:Saunders, Amy (2009-05-16).
1316:. AT&T. 1980. p. 3.
1190:2-xxx-xxxx (inside Thailand)
888:Australian Capital Territory
877:Australian Capital Territory
859:To call a number in Sydney,
367:International numbering plan
2153:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
871:and other locations within
638:, 681 is the area code for
517:Satellite telephone systems
2718:
1857:Telecommunications history
1486:.
1186:This was changed in 1997:
632:Universität des Saarlandes
620:interactive voice response
206:Area Codes (Ludacris song)
203:
110:Telephone number structure
2624:
2465:Public Switched Telephone
2277:telecommunication circuit
2238:Fiber-optic communication
1983:Francis Blake (telephone)
1778:Optical telecommunication
1176:xxx-xxxx (inside Bangkok)
904:international access code
893:+61 2 xxxx xxxx (outside
421:in all NANP countries is
415:international access code
312:subscriber trunk dialling
218:nationwide numbering plan
2376:Orbital angular-momentum
1813:Satellite communications
1652:Communications satellite
1256:Telephone exchange names
1008:Many organizations have
882:(02) xxxx xxxx (outside
879:- no area code required)
676:Numbering plan indicator
323:local number portability
299:Some countries, such as
238:numbering plan area code
169:telephone exchange names
32:telephone numbering plan
2255:Molecular communication
2078:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
1907:Undersea telegraph line
1642:Cable protection system
1544:TelekomunikaÄŤnĂ VÄ›stnĂk
1352:Bell Telephone Magazine
1010:private branch exchange
831:Variable-length dialing
589:private branch exchange
316:overlay numbering plans
226:direct distance dialing
2397:Communication protocol
2183:Charles Sumner Tainter
1998:Walter Houser Brattain
1943:Edwin Howard Armstrong
1751:Information revolution
990:Verizon Communications
956:306 xxx xxxx — within
579:Private numbering plan
210:Area Codes (Kali song)
172:
2692:ITU-T recommendations
2371:Polarization-division
2103:Narinder Singh Kapany
2068:Erna Schneider Hoover
1988:Jagadish Chandra Bose
1968:Alexander Graham Bell
1699:online video platform
1376:The Columbus Dispatch
964:and other local areas
691:short message service
612:direct inward dialing
540:Ellipso: 881 2, 881 3
222:Operator Toll Dialing
166:
154:closed numbering plan
69:closed numbering plan
2213:Vladimir K. Zworykin
2173:Almon Brown Strowger
2143:Charles Grafton Page
1798:Prepaid mobile phone
1726:Electrical telegraph
1310:Notes on the Network
480:Shared Cost Services
381:country calling code
234:numbering plan areas
2163:Johann Philipp Reis
1922:Wireless revolution
1884:The Telephone Cases
1741:Hydraulic telegraph
1553:on November 1, 2006
1501:Saarland University
1482:Obsoletes RFC
1251:Carrier access code
1025:Full-number dialing
920:in the late 1980s:
616:automated attendant
478:808 – reserved for
187:central office code
183:telephone exchanges
158:open numbering plan
92:destination routing
73:open numbering plan
2361:Frequency-division
2338:Telephone exchange
2208:Charles Wheatstone
2138:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
2113:Innocenzo Manzetti
2048:Reginald Fessenden
1783:Optical telegraphy
1616:Telecommunications
1480:Proposed Standard.
1124:multiple operators
867:xxxx xxxx (within
854:Italian land lines
173:
2687:Telephone numbers
2674:
2673:
2412:Store and forward
2407:Data transmission
2321:Network switching
2272:Transmission line
2118:Guglielmo Marconi
2083:Internet pioneers
1948:Mohamed M. Atalla
1917:Whistled language
1223:Telephones portal
1130:While some, like
979:overlay complexes
811:
810:
649:) or to access a
618:or an electronic
593:extension numbers
347:may be listed as
292:(1 or 2) and the
284:(2 or 3 digits),
276:(2 to 5 digits),
176:Subscriber number
150:subscriber number
44:telephone numbers
40:telecommunication
16:(Redirected from
2709:
2664:
2663:
2654:
2653:
2644:
2643:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2505:Notable networks
2495:Wireless network
2435:Cellular network
2427:Types of network
2402:Computer network
2289:Network topology
2203:Thomas A. Watson
2058:Oliver Heaviside
2043:Philo Farnsworth
2018:Daniel Davis Jr.
1993:Charles Bourseul
1953:John Logie Baird
1662:Data compression
1657:Computer network
1609:
1602:
1595:
1586:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1552:
1541:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1503:. Archived from
1493:
1487:
1478:
1469:
1467:10.17487/RFC6116
1447:
1441:
1437:
1420:
1418:10.17487/RFC6405
1398:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1379:. Archived from
1366:
1360:
1359:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1277:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1218:
696:
522:Satellite phones
449:Special services
435:Peer-to-peer SIP
412:
375:standard of the
194:directory number
146:directory number
36:numbering scheme
21:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2630:
2628:
2620:
2562:
2499:
2421:
2385:
2342:
2291:
2283:
2224:
2217:
2123:Robert Metcalfe
1978:Tim Berners-Lee
1926:
1746:Information Age
1618:
1613:
1571:
1566:
1565:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1525:. 19 July 2011.
1517:
1516:
1512:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1386:
1384:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1313:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1027:
884:New South Wales
873:New South Wales
863:, for example:
844:Recommendation
833:
816:
772:maritime mobile
678:
581:
519:
451:
393:
369:
256:, one digit in
213:
202:
178:
133:(NANP), or the
112:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2715:
2713:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2679:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2658:
2648:
2638:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2576:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2431:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2356:Space-division
2352:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2306:
2301:
2295:
2293:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2235:
2229:
2227:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2193:Camille Tissot
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2168:Claude Shannon
2165:
2160:
2158:Tivadar Puskás
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2128:Antonio Meucci
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2098:Charles K. Kao
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2073:Harold Hopkins
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1973:Emile Berliner
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1912:Videotelephony
1909:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1887:
1880:
1875:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1815:
1810:
1808:Radiotelephone
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1694:Internet video
1686:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1628:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1570:
1569:External links
1567:
1564:
1563:
1528:
1510:
1507:on 2013-11-20.
1488:
1442:
1439:Informational.
1393:
1361:
1338:
1319:
1299:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1143:
1142:
1128:
1127:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1026:
1023:
1002:
1001:
998:
975:
974:
971:
965:
941:
940:
937:
929:
928:
925:
899:
898:
891:
880:
832:
829:
815:
812:
809:
808:
803:
800:
796:
795:
790:
787:
783:
782:
773:
770:
766:
765:
762:
757:
753:
752:
747:
744:
740:
739:
737:
734:
730:
729:
724:
723:ISDN Telephony
721:
717:
716:
714:
711:
707:
706:
703:
700:
677:
674:
668:front desk or
580:
577:
569:
568:
562:
556:
553:
552:: 881 8, 881 9
547:
546:: 881 6, 881 7
541:
538:
537:: 881 0, 881 1
532:
518:
515:
514:
513:
510:
507:
501:
498:
495:
489:
482:
476:
469:
462:
450:
447:
405:specification
392:
389:
368:
365:
294:United Kingdom
201:
198:
177:
174:
135:UK number plan
111:
108:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2714:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2667:
2659:
2657:
2649:
2647:
2639:
2637:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2616:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2381:Code-division
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2366:Time-division
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:and switching
2290:
2286:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2243:optical fiber
2241:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2233:Coaxial cable
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2148:Radia Perlman
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2038:Lee de Forest
2036:
2034:
2033:Thomas Edison
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2023:Donald Davies
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2008:Claude Chappe
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1852:Smoke signals
1850:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1830:Semiconductor
1828:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1689:Digital media
1687:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1610:
1605:
1603:
1598:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1397:
1394:
1383:on 2010-03-23
1382:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1365:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1323:
1320:
1312:
1311:
1303:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1276:
1273:
1266:
1262:
1261:Area code 000
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1006:
999:
995:
994:
993:
991:
987:
982:
980:
972:
970:
966:
963:
959:
955:
954:
953:
951:
950:area code 306
947:
938:
935:
934:
933:
926:
923:
922:
921:
919:
915:
911:
907:
905:
896:
892:
889:
885:
881:
878:
874:
870:
866:
865:
864:
862:
857:
855:
849:
847:
843:
837:
830:
828:
824:
822:
813:
807:
804:
801:
798:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
784:
781:
777:
774:
771:
768:
767:
763:
761:
758:
755:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
741:
738:
735:
732:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
718:
715:
712:
709:
708:
704:
701:
698:
697:
694:
692:
688:
684:
675:
673:
671:
667:
663:
658:
656:
652:
648:
643:
641:
637:
633:
629:
623:
621:
617:
613:
608:
606:
603:) to reach a
602:
596:
594:
590:
586:
578:
576:
574:
566:
563:
560:
557:
555:Emsat: 882 13
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
526:
525:
523:
516:
511:
508:
506:
502:
499:
496:
494:
490:
487:
483:
481:
477:
474:
470:
467:
463:
460:
459:
458:
455:
448:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
431:voice over IP
428:
424:
420:
416:
408:
404:
399:
397:
396:Country codes
390:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
366:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:020 7946 0321
346:
341:
339:
334:
332:
331:voice over IP
328:
324:
319:
317:
313:
308:
306:
302:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
211:
207:
199:
197:
195:
190:
188:
184:
175:
170:
165:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
141:
138:
136:
132:
128:
123:
121:
117:
109:
107:
104:
103:dialing plans
99:
95:
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2348:Multiplexing
2223:Transmission
2188:Nikola Tesla
2178:Henry Sutton
2133:Samuel Morse
2063:Robert Hooke
2028:Amos Dolbear
1963:John Bardeen
1882:
1862:Telautograph
1766:Mobile phone
1721:Edholm's law
1704:social media
1637:Broadcasting
1555:. Retrieved
1548:the original
1543:
1531:
1522:
1513:
1505:the original
1491:
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1381:the original
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914:Christchurch
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88:country code
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72:
68:
65:
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56:
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31:
29:
2697:Identifiers
2548:NPL network
2260:Radio waves
2198:Alfred Vail
2108:Hedy Lamarr
2093:Dawon Kahng
2053:Elisha Gray
2013:Yogen Dalal
1938:Nasir Ahmed
1872:Teleprinter
1736:Heliographs
1073:Switzerland
910:New Zealand
802:ISDN/mobile
789:land mobile
702:Description
689:(SCCP) and
660:Additional
651:leased line
640:SaarbrĂĽcken
419:access code
262:New Zealand
2681:Categories
2594:Antarctica
2553:Toasternet
2475:Television
1958:Paul Baran
1890:Television
1874:(teletype)
1867:Telegraphy
1845:transistor
1823:Phryctoria
1793:Photophone
1771:Smartphone
1761:Mass media
1557:2006-10-13
1387:2009-08-21
1358:: 101–115.
1288:(5): 851.
1267:References
1146:number in
988:served by
573:Globalstar
550:Globalstar
535:ICO Global
401:Following
333:services.
288:(1 or 2),
280:(1 to 5),
272:(1 to 4),
244:or simply
42:to assign
2578:Americas
2567:Locations
2538:Internet2
2299:Bandwidth
2003:Vint Cerf
1900:streaming
1878:Telephone
1818:Semaphore
1709:streaming
1427:2070-1721
1102:Cape Town
969:Saskatoon
895:Australia
861:Australia
821:dial plan
705:Standard
662:dial plan
605:help desk
445:numbers.
357:7946 0321
266:Argentina
258:Australia
246:area code
200:Area code
61:city code
57:area code
18:Area code
2646:Category
2533:Internet
2523:CYCLADES
2440:Ethernet
2390:Concepts
2314:terminal
2265:wireless
2088:Bob Kahn
1931:Pioneers
1756:Internet
1647:Cable TV
1209:See also
1108:New York
1090:Brussels
1014:xxx xxxx
886:and the
875:and the
655:tie-line
567:: 882 20
561:: 882 16
529:Inmarsat
488:services
464:388 3 –
242:NPA code
38:used in
2666:Commons
2656:Outline
2609:Oceania
2528:FidoNet
2513:ARPANET
2326:circuit
1895:digital
1624:History
1523:fcc.gov
1114:Fukuoka
1065:Belgium
962:Lumsden
736:generic
713:unknown
636:Germany
585:private
559:Thuraya
544:Iridium
325:in the
305:Uruguay
301:Denmark
274:Germany
270:Austria
2604:Europe
2574:Africa
2558:Usenet
2518:BITNET
2455:Mobile
2331:packet
1840:MOSFET
1835:device
1632:Beacon
1425:
1148:Prague
1096:Geneva
1061:France
1032:Norway
958:Regina
946:Regina
918:Nelson
869:Sydney
503:979 –
491:881 –
484:878 –
425:, and
345:London
282:Mexico
254:Brazil
129:, the
2587:South
2582:North
2543:JANET
2480:Telex
2470:Radio
2309:Nodes
2304:Links
2225:media
1803:Radio
1788:Pager
1716:Drums
1682:video
1677:image
1667:audio
1551:(PDF)
1540:(PDF)
1314:(PDF)
1132:Italy
1120:India
1084:Paris
1069:Japan
846:E.123
842:ITU-T
806:E.214
793:E.212
780:E.211
776:E.210
760:telex
750:X.121
727:E.164
683:Q.713
666:hotel
443:E.164
437:uses
407:E.123
403:ITU-T
373:E.164
290:Syria
278:Japan
148:, or
120:E.164
84:E.164
2599:Asia
2485:UUCP
2445:ISDN
1484:3761
1475:6116
1458:IETF
1434:6405
1423:ISSN
1409:IETF
1139:Rome
997:U.S.
916:and
778:and
764:F69
746:data
653:(or
601:help
565:ACeS
473:UIFN
371:The
329:and
303:and
286:Peru
260:and
224:and
220:for
208:and
78:The
2490:WAN
2460:NGN
2450:LAN
1731:Fax
1672:DCT
1472:RFC
1462:doi
1431:RFC
1413:doi
1290:doi
948:in
699:NPI
423:011
353:020
59:or
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