535:. It requires the Assembly to meet biennially (Section 5) and limits these meetings to 60 days unless otherwise approved by two-thirds of both houses (Section 17). Section 4 sets the qualifications for members. Amendment 86 allows for biennial fiscal sessions in even-numbered years; these sessions are limited to legislative deliberation regarding the state budget, though other issues may be brought before the houses via approval of a two-thirds vote of the membership.
620:, requiring majority approval of the voters. The proposed amendment must be filed with the Arkansas Secretary of State not less than four months before the election, and 30 days prior to the election the petitioners (at their own expense) must publish the amendment "in some paper of general circulation". Unlike legislative amendments, there are no limits on the number of amendments by initiative that may be proposed on any one ballot.
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the governor. This is the constitution that the state uses today, with some 87 amendments and various other changes. Arkansas held constitutional conventions in 1918, 1969, and 1979, called the Sixth, Seventh, and Eight
Constitutional Conventions, respectively. None of these drafts were ratified. Arkansas has passed numerous amendments – 102 at last count.
601:
funded by the
Revenue Stabilization Law is essentially null and void. Some observers believe that the Revenue Stabilization Act, while strict in its implementation, has prevented the state from suffering the financial difficulties of other states with less-strict preventive measures to avoid deficit spending.
640:
be paid as a requirement for voter registration. Passed in 1892, this amendment together with the
Election Law of 1891 strengthened Democratic Party power. The Election Law centralized power at the state election board, in contrast to other efforts to decentralize power in the state as represented in
628:
In addition to the 20 Articles listed above, 102 amendments have been added. Though some amendments have been physically incorporated into the text of the
Constitution (e.g. Amendment 1, adding Article 20 and Amendment 90, incorporated changes made to Amendment 82), others remain physically separate
600:
Appropriations do not constitute the state budget in
Arkansas; that is enacted near the end of the session, when the Revenue Stabilization Law, which provides the mechanism for distributing the state's revenue (even general revenues), is amended to reflect the submitted budget. Any appropriation not
451:
governments, including for legal issues, transportation, taxation and spending. The power of the governor was significantly curtailed. State officials' terms were dropped from four years to two years, and more state positions were required to be filled by popular election, rather than appointment by
779:
of the two clauses, usually the 5% rule. Also, other language in the amendment applying the usury limit "at the time of the contract" made floating-rate loans extremely difficult, even though the usury limit was a floating rate. Neither the original nor amended provisions allowed the legislature to
586:
An example of how the restrictions can wreak havoc took place in 1989, when the general appropriations bill (which far exceeded $ 2.5 million) failed to gain the required three-fourths majority, but was "declared passed" by the
General Assembly under the "just debts of the State" exemption, and all
422:
In late 1867 Arkansas elected delegates to a new
Constitutional Convention, which took place in early 1868 in the old capital building in Little Rock. At that Convention, the delegates drafted a new Constitution. It was adopted by popular referendum in the spring of 1868. That June Arkansas became
550:
on any law or any part of a law. The petition must be filed no later than 90 days after final adjournment of the
Assembly. The law is suspended until it is voted on in the next election; if part of a law, the portion subject to referendum is suspended while all other provisions remain in effect.
835:
is also considered to prohibit such religious tests: "no religious Test shall ever be required as a
Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States." Not only does the wording of this amendment specifically bar Congress from restricting freedom of religion, but current legal
827:
This is also inconsistent with
Section 26 in Article 2, which states that no religious test shall be applied as a requirement to vote or hold office – Article 19 in Section 1 would be classified as such, but there are no known cases of this article being enforced in modern times. Further, since
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Section 30 requires that the "general appropriations bill" be limited to the "ordinary expenses of the executive, legislative, and judicial departments of the State". All other appropriations must be passed by special appropriations bills. However, each bill can embrace only one subject; thus,
514:
Article 3 mandates that all elections shall be fair and equal. No person shall be denied the right to vote. Any resident citizen over the age of 18 may register and vote. Electors are exempt from arrest while they are traveling to and from elections. Soldiers may not vote on the basis of being
465:
We, the People of the State of Arkansas, grateful to Almighty God for the privilege of choosing our own form of government; for our civil and religious liberty; and desiring to perpetuate its blessings, and secure the same to our selves and posterity; do ordain and establish this Constitution.
612:
Under Section 22 of Article 19, either house of the General Assembly may propose amendments. The amendment requires majority approval of both houses in a recorded vote, publication in at least one newspaper in each county for six months prior to the next election of the Assembly, and majority
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limit at 10%; it was amended in the early 1980s to 5% above the Federal Reserve Discount Rate on 90-day commercial paper (see the latest rates), but falling interest rates and poorly worded provisions made the amended version more onerous than the original. For example, a clause in the 1980s
572:
Section 39 places restrictions on funding. Except for "educational purposes, highway purposes, to pay Confederate pensions and the just debts of the State", no appropriations exceeding $ 2.5 million can be passed without a three-fourths majority. In recent years, this means that nearly every
418:
Congress's 1867 Reconstruction Acts followed passage of the 13th and 14th Amendments emancipating slaves and making them citizens. The 1867 Acts required former Confederate states to recognize former slaves as citizens, and to adopt constitutions providing suffrage for freedmen.
823:
Article 19 in Section 1, titled "Atheists disqualified from holding office or testifying as witness", states "No person who denies the being of a God shall hold any office in the civil departments of this State, nor be competent to testify as a witness in any court."
597:—the general bill did not receive the votes needed to pass under Section 39, and under Section 40 all other appropriations bills were invalid since the general bill must be passed first—requiring the Assembly to return in special session to reenact them.
741:
Amendment 75 (Environmental Enhancement Funds) to the constitution provides an additional excise tax of one-eighth of one percent (1 /8 of 1%) with forty-five percent of the proceeds to be allocated to the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission's "Game Protection
706:
Amendment 68, which states that "he policy of Arkansas is to protect the life of every unborn child from conception to birth, to the extent permitted by the Federal Constitution." This provision allows Arkansas to restrict the practice of abortion, now that
291:
in 1836. In 1861 a constitution was adopted with succession. After the American Civil War its 1864 constitution was drafted. An 1868 constitution was passed to comply with the Reconstruction acts. The current constitution was ratified in 1874 following the
401:
Arkansas adopted a new Constitution on March 18, 1864, after the 1863 Emancipation Proclamation. This constitution stipulated that federal recognition and support would resume after ten percent of 1860 voters took the oath of allegiance to the union.
738:(1995), which ruled that states could not pass laws for Congressional officeholders that were more restrictive than those in the US Constitution. Section 4 placed a severability clause so the remainder of the amendment would remain in force.
388:
The first constitution was vague and short. It was replaced by the second Arkansas state constitution when Arkansas seceded from the Union on May 6, 1861. This constitution was very similar to the original except for its references to
562:
Section 38 requires, in order to raise "property, excise, privilege or personal taxes ... now levied", either 1) approval of the voters or 2) a three-fourths majority of the legislature. However, since Arkansas' sales tax was added
795:
through Arkansas dealerships without violating the usury law. Today, only a handful of loans made to Arkansans are still subject to this law, mainly private-party lending and some prime auto loans from companies such as
807:
This unique and unusual article (added by Amendment 1) prohibits the General Assembly from making appropriations for payment of principal and interest on several bond issues from 1869 to 1871, commonly referred to as
613:
approval of the voters. However, the Section places further restrictions on legislative amendments, requiring each amendment to appear separately on the ballot and limiting the number per ballot to three.
775:
amendment appears to set a 17% limit for consumer loans; but since they were not exempted from the main "5% above discount rate" provision, the courts ruled that the limit for consumer loans was the
427:
illegal; provided suffrage (voting) rights for freedmen age 21 and older; provided for public schools for the first time, for both black and white children; and it established a state university.
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862:"A Digest of the Statutes of Arkansas: Embracing All Laws of a General Nature in Force at the Close of the Session of the General Assembly of One Thousand Eight Hundred and Ninety-three"
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and return power to local governments as quickly as possible. This was the first constitution to define election procedures for a number of important posts within the state government.
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For the most part, this article affirms the same limits to the State Government that are similarly constrained by the US Constitution to the Government of the United States.
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was abolished in this constitution, but there was no provision as to civil rights for freedmen, or former slaves. This constitution was passed in an effort to complete
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After out-of-state banks took over most lending in Arkansas, banks located in the state received special relief from the usury law through Section 731 of the Federal
355:
In 1833, Arkansas was eager to be admitted as a state, although Congress was hesitant to admit another pro-slavery state due to the tense equality achieved under the
1354:
816:
by the General Assembly. Some of the bonds refinanced disputed debt outstanding from shortly after Arkansas' statehood in 1836. These bonds had been central to the
542:. Petitions require signatures equal to eight percent of registered voters to appear on the ballot for a law, or ten percent for a constitutional amendment (see
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832:
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447:. They spent a summer re-writing the constitution. This version reflects attitudes related to the war and its aftermath. The delegates gave the most power to
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Amendment 44, which allowed the government to nullify Federal integration laws. Overturned on 1989 by a Federal court, a referendum in the following year,
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passage of the Section (which was added by Amendment), it does not fall under the "now levied" provision, and thus can be increased by a simple majority.
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ruled the assemblage legal. The first state constitution was ratified by Congress on January 30, 1836, and on June 15 of that year, President
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Amendment 86 Authorizes the General Assembly to meet in general sessions in odd-numbered years and fiscal sessions during even-numbered years
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religious freedom is provided for in the United States Constitution's Bill of Rights, any attempt to do so would be struck down in court.
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The fifth and current constitution was adopted in 1874. Democrats regained control of the state legislature for the first time since the
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anyway, but after two adverse decisions in 2008, the Attorney General ordered all payday lenders in the state to shut down.
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A Constitutional Convention was held in 1874. The constitution produced was ratified and remains the state's constitution.
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in 1999. Also in that year, an Arkansas Supreme Court decision allowed out-of-state auto finance companies to engage in
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make any exceptions to the general usury law, as happened in other states. The Arkansas legislature tried to permit
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The current Constitution allows for two methods of amendment. However, each method is shown in a separate section.
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Under Section 1 of Article 5 (as amended by Amendment 7), ten percent of legal voters may propose an amendment by
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on Arkansas officeholders. Section 3 also placed limits on Arkansas's Congressional delegation, but it was found
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the first rebel state to be readmitted to the Union under the Reconstruction Acts. The Constitution of 1868 made
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This article states that there will be 3 branches of government, legislative, judicial, and executive.
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consolidated its control of state politics over Republicans and a farmer-labor coalition; effectively
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117:
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359:. The territory elected delegates for a state constitutional convention. Territorial governor,
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105:
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The Brooks–Baxter War and passage of the new constitution are considered to mark the end of
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323:. The state has passed numerous amendments to the 1874 Constitution – 102 as of 2020.
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disagreed with the Assembly's use of the just debts provision. As a result, it declared
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922:"Arkansas Constitutions | State government records | Arkansas State Archives"
797:
546:). Section 1 also allows, by six percent of voters placing a petition, for a statewide
372:
90:
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Amendment 88 Guarantees the right of Arkansans to hunt, fish and trap. Passed in 2010.
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any special appropriations bill can be passed. Otherwise, no appropriations are valid.
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Amendment 84 Authorizes bingo and raffles for charitable purposes. Passed in 2006
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Section 40 further requires that the general appropriations bill must be passed
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342:; their exclusion from politics lasted for decades deep into the 20th century.
41:
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695:(there is no similar constitutional amendment relating to dog racing, though
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subsequent special appropriations bills were passed thereafter. However, the
1055:"DIETZ v. STATE OF ARK. | 709 F.Supp. 902 (1989) | upp90211446 | Leagle.com"
491:
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in the south. This article also defines the seat of government as being in
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Branam, Chris M. “Another Look at Disfranchisement in Arkansas, 1888–1894”
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stationed in Arkansas: they must establish residency through other means.
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1080:"Arkansas Repeal Amendment 44, Proposed Amendment 3 (1990) – Ballotpedia"
637:
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It also includes highly restrictive provisions regarding appropriations:
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479:
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57:
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This article establishes the boundaries of Arkansas as running from the
403:
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1004:"Arkansas Constitution of 1874 Amendment 35, § 1. Powers; membership"
538:
Section 1 allows for passage of laws or constitutional amendments by
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483:
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delineating the duties, powers, structures, and functions of the
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every single appropriations bill of the session unconstitutional
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appropriation bill (including the general bill) requires such.
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hundreds of bills must be passed to fund other State agencies.
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Amendment 87 Authorizes a statewide lottery. Passed in 2008.
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are binding on the states under the Liberty Clause of the
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precedent holds that these provisions and the rest of the
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By gaining passage of the Election Law of 1891 and a
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in Arkansas. This was two years before the disputed
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1802:
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275:. Arkansas' original constitution was adopted at a
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745:Amendment 83 Denies recognition to all forms of
375:signed the act making Arkansas the 25th state.
330:amendment in the general election of 1892, the
543:
2226:
1244:
833:Article Six of the United States Constitution
632:Notable amendments shown separately include:
531:Article 5 provides for the operations of the
8:
683:Amendment 46, which allows for horse racing
1162:Evans v. Harry Robinson Pontiac-Buick, Inc.
1134:"Arkansas Attorney General Dustin McDaniel"
860:Sandels, Leonidas Polk (January 22, 1894).
2233:
2219:
2211:
1251:
1237:
1229:
842:14th Amendment to the federal Constitution
2693:State constitutions of the United States
882:
880:
664:have similar constitutional provisions).
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852:
336:disenfranchising most African Americans
988:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
981:
770:Section 13 originally set the state's
31:
1164:, 336 Ark. 155, 983 SW.2d 946 (1999)"
644:Amendment 34, which provides for the
7:
893:69 (Autumn 2010): 245–262, via JSTOR
2242:State constitutions (United States)
667:Amendment 35, § 1: Creation of the
735:U.S. Term limits, Inc. v. Thornton
486:borders on the west, and bound by
363:tried to halt the convention, but
25:
670:Arkansas Game and Fish Commission
391:The Confederate States of America
338:. By 1895 there were none in the
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2613:
2585:
2573:
2194:
242:
40:
2663:1874 establishments in Arkansas
1195:The Arkansas State Constitution
305:1876 U.S. presidential election
1:
891:Arkansas Historical Quarterly
248:Arkansas Constitution of 1874
232:1868 Constitution of Arkansas
904:"1874 Arkansas Constitution"
838:United States Bill of Rights
1198:. Oxford University Press.
720:Amendment 73, which places
715:United States Supreme Court
713:has been overturned by the
2709:
1591:Mississippi Alluvial Plain
1192:Goss, Kay Collett (2011).
950:"Encyclopedia of Arkansas"
936:"Encyclopedia of Arkansas"
812:. They were passed during
2673:1874 in American politics
2190:
1320:Congressional delegations
1315:Colleges and universities
1270:
680:, deleted this amendment.
678:1990 Arkansas Amendment 3
636:Amendment to establish a
605:Amending the Constitution
533:Arkansas General Assembly
277:constitutional convention
241:
215:Arkansas General Assembly
39:
2600:Constitution of Arkansas
2543:Northern Mariana Islands
1220:Constitution of Arkansas
1034:Encyclopedia of Arkansas
697:Southland Greyhound Park
261:Constitution of Arkansas
35:Constitution of Arkansas
1596:New Madrid Seismic Zone
874:Ark. Const. amend. CII.
315:government withdrawing
206:Arkansas State Archives
27:Supreme law of Arkansas
2683:Government of Arkansas
908:Arkansas Constitutions
789:Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act
589:Arkansas Supreme Court
289:admission to the Union
267:for the U.S. state of
265:primary organizing law
224:Little Rock Convention
2602:at Knowledge (XXG)'s
1546:Arkansas River Valley
1437:Sports and recreation
687:betting, but only in
425:racial discrimination
311:that resulted in the
18:Arkansas Constitution
2688:Politics of Arkansas
2668:1874 in American law
211:Commissioned by
100:Government structure
2553:U.S. Virgin Islands
2201:Arkansas portal
1457:Tourist attractions
910:. October 13, 1874.
624:Ratified amendments
478:on the east to the
357:Missouri Compromise
309:national compromise
91:Date effective
1649:Northwest Arkansas
1606:Ouachita Mountains
1601:Northwest Arkansas
1586:McDonald Territory
1355:Historic Landmarks
730:U.S. Supreme Court
691:, the location of
379:American Civil War
369:Benjamin F. Butler
283:in advance of the
75:September 13, 1874
2561:
2560:
2208:
2207:
1724:North Little Rock
1556:Bayou Bartholomew
1325:County government
1140:on April 29, 2009
1028:Williams, Marie.
818:Brooks-Baxter War
641:the constitution.
490:in the north and
476:Mississippi river
431:1874 Constitution
414:1868 Constitution
397:1864 Constitution
384:1861 Constitution
351:1836 Constitution
294:Brooks–Baxter War
257:
256:
180:November 12, 1874
172:November 10, 1874
168:First legislature
95:November 10, 1874
67:September 7, 1874
58:State of Arkansas
16:(Redirected from
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2517:Washington, D.C.
2511:Federal district
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1644:Central Arkansas
1566:Central Arkansas
1561:Boston Mountains
1432:School districts
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1177:
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1170:on March 3, 2010
1166:. Archived from
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1136:. Archived from
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970:on April 7, 2017
966:. Archived from
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793:subprime lending
726:unconstitutional
365:Attorney General
332:Democratic Party
273:state government
246:
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198:November 3, 2020
85:October 30, 1874
44:
32:
21:
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2642:from Wikisource
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1581:Four State Area
1571:Crowley's Ridge
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1186:Further reading
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1103:. p. 111
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810:Holford bonds
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2678:Arkansas law
2637:
2625:from Commons
2620:
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2548:Puerto Rico
2456:South Dakota
2446:Rhode Island
2441:Pennsylvania
2421:North Dakota
2270:
2192:
2012:Little River
1967:Independence
1784:West Memphis
1774:Russellville
1769:Jacksonville
1709:Fayetteville
1503:Demographics
1417:Paleontology
1383:Constitution
1382:
1365:Homelessness
1350:High schools
1272:
1194:
1172:. Retrieved
1168:the original
1161:
1154:
1142:. Retrieved
1138:the original
1128:
1117:
1105:. Retrieved
1095:
1083:. Retrieved
1074:
1062:. Retrieved
1058:
1049:
1037:. Retrieved
1033:
1023:
1011:. Retrieved
1007:
998:
972:. Retrieved
968:the original
958:
944:
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916:
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890:
870:
855:
830:
826:
822:
806:
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782:payday loans
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701:West Memphis
699:operates in
693:Oaklawn Park
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195:Last amended
54:Jurisdiction
29:
2525:Territories
2371:Mississippi
2286:Connecticut
2117:St. Francis
2042:Mississippi
1779:Bella Vista
1749:Hot Springs
1744:Bentonville
1699:Little Rock
1674:Hot Springs
1626:Timberlands
1616:Piney Woods
1523:LGBT rights
1442:State parks
1274:Little Rock
1224:Ballotpedia
1174:October 23,
1144:October 23,
1085:October 21,
1064:October 21,
1039:October 21,
802:Ford Credit
722:term limits
710:Roe v. Wade
689:Hot Springs
685:pari-mutuel
658:Mississippi
510:Article III
496:Little Rock
340:state house
281:Little Rock
157:, Districts
2652:Categories
2486:Washington
2406:New Mexico
2401:New Jersey
2276:California
2167:Washington
2052:Montgomery
1957:Hot Spring
1897:Crittenden
1739:Pine Bluff
1714:Springdale
1704:Fort Smith
1669:Pine Bluff
1654:Fort Smith
1551:Ark-La-Tex
1395:Newspapers
1390:Mass media
1340:Government
1122:see p.65-6
848:References
766:Criticisms
618:initiative
548:referendum
540:initiative
519:Article IV
502:Article II
346:Background
313:Republican
252:Wikisource
229:Supersedes
186:Amendments
2496:Wisconsin
2461:Tennessee
2366:Minnesota
2341:Louisiana
2162:Van Buren
2137:Sebastian
1992:Lafayette
1982:Jefferson
1952:Hempstead
1887:Craighead
1872:Cleveland
1789:Paragould
1759:Texarkana
1719:Jonesboro
1679:Tri-State
1664:Jonesboro
1659:Texarkana
1513:Education
1462:Townships
1452:Territory
1345:Governors
1335:Geography
1300:Arkansans
1277:(capital)
527:Article V
492:Louisiana
470:Article I
445:Civil War
319:from the
285:territory
237:Full text
221:Author(s)
142:Judiciary
130:Executive
123:Bicameral
72:Presented
2580:Arkansas
2481:Virginia
2431:Oklahoma
2411:New York
2386:Nebraska
2376:Missouri
2361:Michigan
2351:Maryland
2336:Kentucky
2316:Illinois
2291:Delaware
2281:Colorado
2271:Arkansas
2177:Woodruff
2112:Randolph
2087:Poinsett
2077:Phillips
2067:Ouachita
1997:Lawrence
1927:Franklin
1922:Faulkner
1892:Crawford
1877:Columbia
1867:Cleburne
1812:Arkansas
1804:Counties
1764:Sherwood
1528:Politics
1518:Gun laws
1488:Abortion
1305:Aviation
1264:Arkansas
1107:July 28,
1013:July 28,
984:cite web
974:April 7,
662:Oklahoma
638:Poll tax
488:Missouri
480:Oklahoma
461:Preamble
328:poll tax
279:held at
269:Arkansas
203:Location
155:Circuits
135:Governor
118:Chambers
106:Branches
81:Ratified
49:Overview
2566:Portals
2501:Wyoming
2476:Vermont
2381:Montana
2321:Indiana
2301:Georgia
2296:Florida
2266:Arizona
2256:Alabama
2107:Pulaski
2102:Prairie
2027:Madison
2007:Lincoln
1987:Johnson
1977:Jackson
1937:Garland
1847:Carroll
1842:Calhoun
1837:Bradley
1689:Largest
1538:Regions
1508:Economy
1498:Culture
1481:Society
1447:Symbols
1360:History
1295:Outline
1008:Findlaw
728:by the
654:Florida
650:Arizona
439:History
404:Slavery
263:is the
162:History
151:Appeals
147:Supreme
64:Created
2436:Oregon
2391:Nevada
2331:Kansas
2306:Hawaii
2261:Alaska
2249:States
2142:Sevier
2132:Searcy
2122:Saline
2062:Newton
2057:Nevada
2047:Monroe
2037:Miller
2032:Marion
2022:Lonoke
1962:Howard
1947:Greene
1932:Fulton
1907:Dallas
1882:Conway
1852:Chicot
1827:Benton
1822:Baxter
1817:Ashley
1754:Benton
1734:Rogers
1729:Conway
1691:cities
1636:Metros
1611:Ozarks
1427:Rivers
1422:Places
1370:Images
1330:Energy
1283:Topics
1202:
1059:Leagle
777:lesser
742:Fund".
660:, and
648:(only
579:before
449:county
2639:Texts
2622:Media
2466:Texas
2346:Maine
2311:Idaho
2172:White
2157:Union
2152:Stone
2147:Sharp
2127:Scott
2072:Perry
2017:Logan
1972:Izard
1942:Grant
1912:Desha
1902:Cross
1857:Clark
1832:Boone
1794:Cabot
1576:Delta
1493:Crime
1472:Water
1412:Music
1400:Radio
1375:Lakes
1290:Index
1260:State
772:usury
566:after
544:below
484:Texas
321:South
2538:Guam
2471:Utah
2426:Ohio
2326:Iowa
2182:Yell
2097:Pope
2092:Polk
2082:Pike
1917:Drew
1862:Clay
1379:Law
1200:ISBN
1176:2008
1146:2008
1109:2019
1087:2017
1066:2017
1041:2017
1015:2019
990:link
976:2017
800:and
798:GMAC
482:and
307:and
259:The
2592:Law
2002:Lee
1262:of
1222:at
732:in
287:'s
250:at
190:102
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