35:
392:
511:
550:-class icebreaker fleet are outfitted with two OK-900A reactors, which deliver 171 MW each. Each reactor is contained in its own closed compartment and weighs 160 tonnes. They are shielded by water, steel, and high density concrete, and ambient radiation is monitored throughout the ship by 86 sensors. The reactors were originally fueled by a 90% enriched, zirconium-clad,
404:
611:
with its thrust, power, and maneuverability. The starboard and centerline propellers turn clockwise while the port turns counter clockwise to compensate. Each propeller sits at the end of a 20-meter (65.6 ft) shaft and has four blades, which weigh seven tons and are attached by nine bolts to the
624:
of 480 tons with 18-43 MW (25,000 shaft horsepower) . This amounts to a maximum speed of 22 knots (41 km/h; 25 mph) on open water, full speed of 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph), and an average speed of 3 knots (5.6 km/h; 3.5 mph) while icebreaking 2–3 metres (7–10 ft)
616:
also carries four spare blades along with the appropriate diving equipment and tools so that propeller repairs may be made at sea; the operation can take anywhere from one to four days depending on the extent of the damage.
588:(four boilers per reactor), where it transfers its heat into another body of water, producing steam at a rate of 30 kgf/cm (2.94 MPa, or approximately 1,084 psi). Each set of four boilers drives two
3608:
604:, providing an average screw velocity of 120-180 rpm. Five auxiliary steam turbines are tied into the plant to provide electricity, turning generators with a cumulative electric power of 10 MW.
584:, meaning that cooling water is continually pumped under pressure through the reactor to remove heat, keeping the cores and the reactor cool. The heated water is pumped from the reactor to a
568:
in each reactor, allowing for at least 13.7 years between changing reactor cores. The used cores are extracted and replaced in
Murmansk, the spent fuel reprocessed and waste disposed of at a
1011:
4214:
1059:
437:
received radio messages informing them that sea trials had been completed successfully. The newest and largest nuclear icebreaker at the time was ready for the Arctic.
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536:, capable of 90 MW each, replaced with two OK-900 reactors, capable of 159 MW each. The work was carried out at the Zvezdochka yard in
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fuel. Those reactors still in operation today now use a 20%-90% enriched with 60% average enrichment uranium dispersed in an
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332:(from third ship onwards), they were the world's largest and most powerful icebreakers until the 2016 launch of the first
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Hore-Lacy, I. World
Nuclear Agency. (January 11, 2010). Nuclear Powered Ships/Encyclopedia of Earth.Org.
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On July 3, 1971, construction began on a conceptual design of a larger nuclear icebreaker, dubbed
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matrix. The chain reaction can be stopped in 0.6 seconds by the full insertion of safety rods.
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Olagaard, P. Reistad, O. (April 2006). Russian
Nuclear Power Plants for Marine Applications
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consumes up to 200 grams of fuel a day when breaking ice. There are 500 kg of
17:
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Bukharin, O. (2006), Russia's
Nuclear Icebreaker Fleet. Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
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1040:
886:
292:
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1824:
1766:
1159:
444:
128:
4417:
3489:
2326:
1878:
1661:
601:
434:
497:, it was launched in anticipation of decreasing ice and increased traffic.
403:
3421:
678:
612:
hub which is 5.7 meters (18.7 ft) in diameter and weighs 50 tonnes.
600:
is then delivered to three double-wound motors directly connected to the
555:
361:
288:
284:
4048:
3428:
2215:
1693:
1669:
1657:
551:
376:
2294:
1619:
593:
585:
430:
380:
364:. Of the ten civilian nuclear-powered vessels built by Russia or the
1071:
454:
became the classification name for five icebreakers to follow: the
450:
As the leading vessel in Russia's second nuclear icebreaker class,
1680:
509:
402:
390:
4196:
2871:
1113:
1075:
379:
as well as for scientific and recreational expeditions to the
946:
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/10520.htm
984:"Russia Launches World's Biggest, Most Powerful Icebreaker"
918:
916:
903:"Russia Launches World's Biggest, Most Powerful Icebreaker"
357:(MSCO) until 2008, when they were transferred to the fully
532:
and the first nuclear-propelled icebreaker, had its three
882:"Атомоход "50 лет Победы" готовится к выходу в Балтику"
944:
Pike, J. Project 10520 Arktika/ Global
Security.Org.
259:
20.6 knots (38.2 km/h; 23.7 mph) (maximum)
4403:
4345:
4315:
4249:
4230:
3849:
3580:
3167:
2907:
2280:
1811:
1656:
1154:
371:They are used for escorting merchant ships in the
1060:Russia scraps another nuclear-powered icebreaker
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
487:The first of new class of nuclear icebreakers,
4208:
1087:
8:
1066:The Yamal, a nuclear powered Icebreaker page
752:Decommissioned in 2014, laid up in Murmansk
728:Decommissioned in 2013, laid up in Murmansk
27:Russian class of nuclear-powered icebreakers
704:Decommissioned in 1992, moored in Murmansk
522:Over the period December 1967 to May 1970,
324:. Also known by their Russian designations
4215:
4201:
4193:
2881:
2868:
1123:
1110:
1094:
1080:
1072:
429:. Four years later, on December 17, 1975,
4152:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
632:
443:was the first surface ship to reach the
3727:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
829:
620:The propellers can deliver a combined
29:
607:Three fixed-pitch propellers provide
303:Helipad and hangar for one helicopter
7:
491:, was launched in 2016. Also called
3513:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
1710:Norse colonization of North America
860:"Atomic Icebreakers Technical Data"
838:"Atomic Icebreaker Characteristics"
3042:United States Exploring Expedition
901:Domonoske, Camila (16 June 2016).
677:Decommissioned in 2008, moored in
25:
4116:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
3484:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
4430:* Under construction or on order
4010:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
3403:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
33:
1:
3389:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
3324:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
4460:Auxiliary icebreaker classes
3746:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
3562:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
3368:French Antarctic Expeditions
3298:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
3184:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
1302:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
210:Two steam turbogenerators (2
4224:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
2831:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
2510:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
1375:Andrée's balloon expedition
1041:Nuclear Powered Icebreakers
353:, but were operated by the
322:nuclear-powered icebreakers
4476:
2032:Franklin's lost expedition
1732:Christian IV's expeditions
1009:"Nuclear icebreaker Lenin"
368:, six were of this type.
4450:Arktika-class icebreakers
4428:
2884:
2880:
2867:
2386:Great Northern Expedition
2062:Rae–Richardson expedition
1262:British Arctic Expedition
1126:
1122:
1109:
1014:October 15, 2007, at the
818:Vaygach (1989 icebreaker)
582:pressurized water reactor
355:Murmansk Shipping Company
119:
44:
32:
3670:British Antarctic Survey
3664:Captain Arturo Prat Base
2909:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
813:Taymyr (1987 icebreaker)
334:Project 22220 icebreaker
170:17.2 m (56 ft)
154:148 m (486 ft)
120:General characteristics
74:Project 22220 icebreaker
39:Arktika in November 1980
18:Arktika class icebreaker
4146:Pole of inaccessibility
3809:Antarctic Treaty System
2150:2nd Grinnell expedition
959:"Nuclear-powered ships"
501:Design and construction
359:state-owned corporation
349:class are owned by the
316:is a Russian (formerly
4232:Project 10510 "Leader"
1018:, Bellona, 20/06/2003.
519:
447:, on August 17, 1977.
412:
400:
328:(first two ships) and
234:Nuclear-turbo-electric
178:11 m (36 ft)
162:30 m (98 ft)
3816:Transglobe Expedition
3715:Operation Deep Freeze
3124:Challenger expedition
1990:Coppermine expedition
1511:Drifting ice stations
1054:Technical information
513:
406:
394:
4432:No longer in service
1050:, Bellona Foundation
3986:South magnetic pole
2652:Brusilov expedition
1761:Danish colonization
1199:North magnetic pole
592:, which turn three
528:, precursor of the
300:Aviation facilities
3677:Operation Windmill
3658:Operation Highjump
2633:Rusanov expedition
2538:A. E. Nordenskiöld
2282:North East Passage
2086:McClure expedition
1062:, Barents Observer
1046:2013-07-29 at the
890:. 18 January 2012.
596:. One kilovolt of
520:
413:
401:
351:federal government
146:23,000–25,168 tons
4455:Soviet inventions
4437:
4436:
4190:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4182:
4181:
3644:Operation Tabarin
3506:Far Eastern Party
3352:Nimrod Expedition
2863:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2422:M. Pronchishcheva
2344:Siberian Cossacks
1813:Northwest Passage
1146:Research stations
1103:Polar exploration
1068:, Cool Antarctica
804:
803:
794:29 December 1993
749:29 December 1989
725:20 December 1985
719:20 February 1981
701:28 December 1977
698:23 February 1976
671:26 December 1972
625:thick level ice.
580:The OK-900A is a
570:radioactive waste
307:
306:
70:Succeeded by
16:(Redirected from
4467:
4217:
4210:
4203:
4194:
3691:Ronne Expedition
3176:
3170:
3034:Dumont d'Urville
2882:
2869:
2417:V. Pronchishchev
1124:
1111:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1073:
1028:
1025:
1019:
1006:
1000:
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995:
980:
974:
973:
971:
970:
961:. Archived from
954:
948:
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911:
910:
898:
892:
891:
878:
872:
871:
869:
867:
862:. rosatomflot.ru
856:
850:
849:
847:
845:
840:. rosatomflot.ru
834:
788:Baltic Shipyard
764:Baltic Shipyard
746:31 October 1986
743:2 November 1983
740:Baltic Shipyard
722:2 November 1983
716:Baltic Shipyard
692:Baltic Shipyard
633:
566:uranium isotopes
506:OK-900A reactors
478:in 1992 and the
280:Aircraft carried
248:
244:
240:
221:
217:
213:
206:
202:
198:
193:nuclear reactors
37:
30:
21:
4475:
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4466:
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4464:
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4438:
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4399:
4380:Sovetskiy Soyuz
4341:
4311:
4245:
4226:
4221:
4191:
4178:
3853:
3845:
3721:McMurdo Station
3590:Modern research
3588:
3576:
3311:O. Nordenskjöld
3174:
3168:
3163:
3079:Ross expedition
2903:
2876:
2855:
2284:
2276:
1817:Northern Canada
1815:
1807:
1660:
1652:
1158:
1150:
1118:
1105:
1100:
1048:Wayback Machine
1037:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1016:Wayback Machine
1007:
1003:
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981:
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943:
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857:
853:
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836:
835:
831:
826:
809:
791:4 October 1989
735:Sovetskiy Soyuz
664:Baltic Shipyard
631:
578:
546:and the entire
534:OK-150 reactors
508:
503:
469:Sovetskiy Soyuz
423:Baltic Shipyard
389:
246:
242:
238:
237:Three shafts (3
219:
215:
211:
204:
200:
196:
183:Installed power
54:Baltic Shipyard
40:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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4463:
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4457:
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4138:Vostok Station
4128:
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4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
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4089:Cherry-Garrard
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3929:Southern Cross
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3851:Farthest South
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3557:
3556:
3548:Ross Sea party
3544:
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3252:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3242:Southern Cross
3235:Southern Cross
3231:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3179:
3177:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3120:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3100:
3094:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2981:Bellingshausen
2971:
2964:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2913:
2911:
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2896:
2891:
2885:
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2857:
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2851:
2840:
2828:
2823:
2816:
2809:
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2781:
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2748:
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2727:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2678:
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2667:
2662:
2648:
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2641:
2629:
2624:
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2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2547:
2546:
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2540:
2525:
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2518:
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2377:
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2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2290:
2288:
2286:Russian Arctic
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2232:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2102:
2097:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2058:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2043:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
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1809:
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1806:
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1795:
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1776:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1728:
1723:
1721:Snæbjörn galti
1718:
1713:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1684:
1677:
1672:
1666:
1664:
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1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1164:
1162:
1156:Farthest North
1152:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1127:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1036:
1035:External links
1033:
1030:
1029:
1020:
1001:
990:. 16 June 2016
975:
949:
924:
912:
893:
873:
851:
828:
827:
825:
822:
821:
820:
815:
808:
805:
802:
801:
798:
797:23 March 2007
795:
792:
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786:
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771:
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765:
762:
754:
753:
750:
747:
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723:
720:
717:
714:
706:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
682:
681:
675:
674:25 April 1975
672:
669:
666:
661:
653:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
630:
627:
598:direct current
590:steam turbines
577:
574:
507:
504:
502:
499:
388:
385:
305:
304:
301:
297:
296:
281:
277:
276:
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269:
268:
265:
261:
260:
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208:
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89:
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84:
81:
77:
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71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
51:
47:
46:
45:Class overview
42:
41:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4472:
4461:
4458:
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4453:
4451:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4427:
4421:
4420:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4394:50 Let Pobedy
4391:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4370:
4368:
4367:
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4360:
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4349:
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4338:
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4333:
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4330:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4314:
4307:
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4302:
4299:
4298:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4252:
4251:Project 22220
4248:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4218:
4213:
4211:
4206:
4204:
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4198:
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4170:
4167:
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4119:
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4021:
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4011:
4007:
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4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3976:
3974:
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3969:
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3856:
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3848:
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3832:
3828:
3825:
3823:
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3811:
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3806:
3800:
3797:
3796:
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3790:
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3783:
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3776:
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3700:
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3648:
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3508:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3496:
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3488:
3487:
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3481:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
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3459:
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3449:
3447:
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3442:
3441:
3440:
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3426:
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3423:
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3407:
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3405:
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3342:
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3337:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3301:
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3299:
3295:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3269:Discovery Hut
3267:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3173:
3166:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3046:
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3035:
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3025:
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3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
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2986:
2982:
2979:
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2827:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2799:A. Sibiryakov
2796:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2771:Glavsevmorput
2768:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2736:
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2734:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
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2433:
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2428:
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2423:
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2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
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2389:
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2387:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
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2351:
2348:
2346:
2345:
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2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2219:
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2208:
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2204:
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2202:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2073:J. Richardson
2071:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1835:M. Corte-Real
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965:on 2012-10-20
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783:50 Let Pobedy
780:
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773:October 1992
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695:26 June 1974
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648:Commissioned
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489:Project 22220
485:
483:
482:
481:50 Let Pobedy
477:
476:
472:in 1989, the
471:
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458:
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409:50 Let Pobedy
405:
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386:
384:
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363:
360:
356:
352:
348:
345:Ships of the
343:
341:
340:
336:, also named
335:
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330:Project 10521
327:
326:Project 10520
323:
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64:FSUE Atomflot
62:
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36:
31:
19:
4418:
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4392:
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4288:
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4239:
4144:
4132:Pole of Cold
4130:
4056:
4047:
4015:
4008:
3984:
3955:
3941:
3935:Borchgrevink
3927:
3914:
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3879:
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3427:
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3408:
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3375:Pourquoi-Pas
3374:
3366:
3358:
3350:
3345:Orcadas Base
3343:
3335:
3322:
3316:C. A. Larsen
3304:
3296:
3282:
3275:
3262:
3254:
3248:Borchgrevink
3241:
3233:
3190:
3182:
3157:C. A. Larsen
3150:
3131:
3122:
3104:
3086:
3077:
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2255:
2235:
2234:
2214:
2213:
2199:
2186:
2171:
2157:
2148:
2135:
2106:
2094:Investigator
2093:
2084:
2060:
2047:
2039:
2030:
2017:
1988:
1965:
1950:
1935:
1905:
1890:
1860:
1779:
1759:
1730:
1726:Erik the Red
1708:
1686:
1679:
1636:submersibles
1633:
1627:Arktika 2007
1625:
1618:
1611:
1608:
1592:
1583:
1580:
1561:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1516:
1509:
1485:
1471:
1470:
1462:
1460:
1426:
1424:
1395:
1392:
1381:S. A. Andrée
1373:
1360:
1335:
1327:
1324:
1300:
1282:
1269:
1260:
1242:
1233:
1231:
1197:
1023:
1004:
992:. Retrieved
987:
978:
967:. Retrieved
963:the original
952:
906:
896:
885:
876:
864:. Retrieved
854:
842:. Retrieved
832:
782:
758:
734:
710:
686:
668:3 July 1971
657:
622:bollard pull
619:
613:
608:
606:
579:
561:
560:
547:
543:
542:
538:Severodvinsk
529:
524:
521:
515:
493:
486:
479:
474:
467:
461:
455:
451:
449:
440:
439:
416:
414:
407:
395:
373:Arctic Ocean
370:
366:Soviet Union
346:
344:
337:
329:
325:
311:
310:
308:
143:Displacement
138:20-24,000 GT
91:1975–present
3835:Lake Vostok
3785:Tryoshnikov
3707:Schlossbach
3598:Christensen
3540:James Caird
3461:E. R. Evans
3227:Dobrowolski
3197:de Gerlache
2899:Expeditions
2785:Aviaarktika
2739:Samoylovich
2610:Kolomeitsev
2504:Middendorff
2464:Gedenshtrom
1884:I. Fyodorov
1646:Chilingarov
1534:E. Fyodorov
1141:Expeditions
887:RIA Novosti
800:In service
776:In service
320:) class of
4444:Categories
4305:Stalingrad
4058:Terra Nova
3963:Shackleton
3906:J. C. Ross
3865:Resolution
3855:South Pole
3630:New Swabia
3554:Mackintosh
3526:Shackleton
3445:Terra Nova
3438:Terra Nova
3172:Heroic Age
3132:Challenger
3092:J. C. Ross
3002:Bransfield
2934:Resolution
2849:icebreaker
2813:Chelyuskin
2554:expedition
2532:Expedition
2474:Matyushkin
2432:Kh. Laptev
2427:Chelyuskin
2321:Heemskerck
2311:Chancellor
2306:Willoughby
2301:Koch boats
2244:Stefansson
2178:McClintock
2142:Inglefield
1984:J. C. Ross
1891:Resolution
1743:Cunningham
1641:Sagalevich
1330:expedition
1289:Stephenson
1249:C. F. Hall
1236:expedition
1210:J. C. Ross
1173:Heemskerck
1160:North Pole
969:2012-04-19
824:References
642:Laid down
576:Propulsion
445:North Pole
295:helicopter
267:7.5 months
229:Propulsion
129:Icebreaker
88:In service
4419:Sevmorput
4297:Leningrad
4157:Tolstikov
3943:Discovery
3913:HMS
3898:HMS
3880:Adventure
3878:HMS
3863:HMS
3799:Tolstikov
3520:Endurance
3305:Antarctic
3290:Drygalski
3263:Discovery
3256:Discovery
3217:Arctowski
3130:HMS
3103:HMS
3097:Abernethy
3085:HMS
3063:USS
3050:Vincennes
3048:USS
3028:Astrolabe
2968:San Telmo
2949:Adventure
2947:HMS
2932:HMS
2927:Kerguelen
2889:Continent
2874:Antarctic
2751:Urvantsev
2709:Vilkitsky
2562:Jeannette
2560:USS
2552:Jeannette
2516:Weyprecht
2494:Pakhtusov
2444:Chichagov
2437:D. Laptev
2380:Permyakov
2355:Stadukhin
2350:Perfilyev
2327:Mangazeya
2265:H. Larsen
2230:Rasmussen
2185:HMS
2156:USS
2105:HMS
2092:HMS
2056:Collinson
2046:HMS
2038:HMS
2016:HMS
1964:HMS
1949:HMS
1934:HMS
1919:Mackenzie
1906:Discovery
1904:HMS
1889:HMS
1861:Discovery
1840:Frobisher
1803:Rasmussen
1716:Gunnbjörn
1662:Greenland
1591:USS
1582:USS
1454:Ellsworth
1396:Roosevelt
1326:Nansen's
1283:Discovery
1281:HMS
1268:HMS
1215:Abernethy
1183:Marmaduke
866:9 October
844:9 October
645:Launched
602:propeller
484:in 2007.
466:in 1985,
460:in 1977,
435:Leningrad
427:Leningrad
421:, in the
375:north of
264:Endurance
96:Completed
83:1971–2007
60:Operators
4289:Chukotka
4281:Yakutiya
4169:A. Fuchs
4126:V. Fuchs
4106:McKinley
4069:E. Evans
4028:Bjaaland
4023:Amundsen
3973:Marshall
3886:Furneaux
3738:V. Fuchs
3702:E. Ronne
3697:F. Ronne
3636:Ritscher
3490:SY
3478:Filchner
3422:Framheim
3416:Amundsen
3222:Racoviță
3207:Amundsen
3202:Lecointe
3071:Ringgold
3065:Porpoise
2955:Furneaux
2791:Shevelev
2746:Begichev
2725:Amundsen
2687:Nagórski
2665:Brusilov
2659:Sv. Anna
2573:Melville
2543:Palander
2499:Tsivolko
2459:Sannikov
2454:Billings
2397:Chirikov
2316:Barentsz
2258:St. Roch
2249:Bartlett
2223:Amundsen
2207:Sverdrup
2107:Resolute
1996:Franklin
1924:Kotzebue
1791:Sverdrup
1774:Scoresby
1748:Lindenov
1599:Plaisted
1584:Nautilus
1529:Shirshov
1503:Belyakov
1498:Baydukov
1472:Nautilus
1434:Amundsen
1394:SS
1353:Sverdrup
1348:Johansen
1318:Brainard
1313:Lockwood
1168:Barentsz
1044:Archived
1012:Archived
807:See also
679:Murmansk
639:Builder
556:aluminum
425:in then
362:Atomflot
50:Builders
4373:Rossiya
4359:Arktika
4348:Arktika
4336:Vaygach
4260:Arktika
4240:Rossiya
4174:Messner
4121:Hillary
4101:Balchen
4049:Polheim
4043:Wisting
3921:Crozier
3893:Weddell
3871:J. Cook
3841:Kapitsa
3822:Fiennes
3764:Klenova
3733:Hillary
3683:Ketchum
3609:BANZARE
3584:·
3429:Polheim
3395:Shirase
3381:Charcot
3191:Belgica
3110:Crozier
3022:Morrell
3017:Weddell
2995:Lazarev
2940:J. Cook
2894:History
2844:Arktika
2820:Krassin
2805:Voronin
2777:Schmidt
2763:Ushakov
2702:Vaygach
2670:Albanov
2639:Rusanov
2620:Kolchak
2615:Matisen
2589:Makarov
2568:De Long
2469:Wrangel
2449:Lyakhov
2402:Malygin
2360:Dezhnev
2187:Pandora
2158:Advance
2125:Kennedy
2120:Belcher
2113:Kellett
2100:McClure
2024:Beechey
2018:Blossom
2011:Simpson
1979:Crozier
1972:Hoppner
1929:J. Ross
1897:J. Cook
1845:Gilbert
1738:J. Hall
1704:Ingólfr
1694:Naddodd
1688:Vikings
1675:Brendan
1670:Pytheas
1658:Iceland
1612:Arktika
1604:Herbert
1569:Badygin
1539:Krenkel
1524:Papanin
1493:Chkalov
1479:Wilkins
1444:Wisting
1388:F. Cook
1294:Markham
1254:Bessels
1243:Polaris
1234:Polaris
1205:J. Ross
1188:Carolus
1136:History
994:21 June
988:NPR.org
711:Rossiya
658:Arktika
651:Status
614:Arktika
609:Arktika
594:dynamos
572:plant.
562:Arktika
552:uranium
548:Arktika
544:Arktika
530:Arktika
494:Arktika
463:Rossiya
452:Arktika
441:Arktika
418:Arktika
397:Arktika
387:History
377:Siberia
347:Arktika
339:Arktika
312:Arktika
190:OK-900A
175:Draught
135:Tonnage
112:Retired
4329:Taymyr
4318:Taymyr
4084:Bowers
4079:Wilson
4038:Hassel
4033:Helmer
4002:Mackay
3992:Mawson
3957:Nimrod
3915:Terror
3900:Erebus
3827:Burton
3622:Rymill
3498:Mawson
3492:Aurora
3471:Lashly
3456:Wilson
3359:Nimrod
3336:Scotia
3143:Murray
3118:Cooper
3105:Terror
3087:Erebus
3056:Wilkes
3007:Palmer
2975:Vostok
2922:Bouvet
2846:-class
2826:Gakkel
2694:Taymyr
2675:Konrad
2644:Kuchin
2582:Yermak
2489:Lavrov
2407:Ovtsyn
2392:Bering
2370:Ivanov
2333:Hudson
2295:Pomors
2272:Cowper
2237:Karluk
2136:Isabel
2130:Bellot
2080:Austin
2048:Terror
2040:Erebus
1936:Griper
1912:Clerke
1872:Baffin
1855:Hudson
1786:Nansen
1699:Garðar
1620:Barneo
1487:ANT-25
1463:Italia
1439:Nobile
1408:Henson
1367:Amedeo
1343:Nansen
1308:Greely
1178:Hudson
1116:Arctic
1056:, MSCO
586:boiler
431:Moscow
381:Arctic
318:Soviet
247:
243:
239:
220:
216:
212:
205:
201:
197:
167:Height
151:Length
104:Active
4412:Lenin
4404:Other
4387:Yamal
4366:Sibir
4350:class
4320:class
4267:Sibir
4164:Crary
4111:Dufek
4074:Oates
4064:Scott
3997:David
3978:Adams
3949:Barne
3770:Mirny
3759:Somov
3569:Quest
3466:Crean
3451:Scott
3330:Bruce
3284:Gauss
3277:Gauss
3151:Jason
3138:Nares
3012:Davis
2989:Mirny
2962:Smith
2917:Roché
2837:Lenin
2757:Sadko
2682:Wiese
2627:Sedov
2598:Zarya
2521:Payer
2484:Litke
2479:Anjou
2412:Minin
2375:Vagin
2365:Popov
2338:Poole
2193:Young
2006:Dease
1951:Hecla
1942:Parry
1867:Bylot
1850:Davis
1825:Cabot
1798:Peary
1780:Jason
1767:Egede
1681:Papar
1593:Skate
1574:Wiese
1554:NP-37
1547:NP-36
1427:Norge
1415:Sedov
1403:Peary
1361:Jason
1276:Nares
1270:Alert
1225:Hayes
1193:Parry
1131:Ocean
770:1989
767:1986
759:Yamal
687:Sibir
636:Name
629:Ships
525:Lenin
516:Yamal
475:Yamal
457:Sibir
314:class
293:Ka-27
256:Speed
80:Built
4274:Ural
4096:Byrd
4017:Fram
3968:Wild
3650:Marr
3616:BGLE
3603:Byrd
3531:Wild
3410:Fram
3212:Cook
2733:AARI
2718:Maud
2605:Toll
2530:Vega
2216:Gjøa
2201:Fram
2164:Kane
2001:Back
1966:Fury
1957:Lyon
1879:Munk
1518:NP-1
1420:Byrd
1337:Fram
1328:Fram
1220:Kane
996:2016
868:2017
846:2017
433:and
309:The
289:Mi-8
285:Mi-2
283:1 ×
272:Crew
218:27.6
188:Two
159:Beam
125:Type
3793:3rd
3779:2nd
3753:1st
3586:IGY
3582:IPY
2172:Fox
2068:Rae
1634:Mir
1610:NS
907:NPR
342:.
291:or
275:189
249:MW)
222:MW)
207:MW)
203:171
4446::
2698:/
986:.
927:^
915:^
905:.
884:.
540:.
383:.
287:,
245:18
195:(2
4308:*
4300:*
4292:*
4284:*
4242:*
4216:e
4209:t
4202:v
3175:"
3169:"
3112:)
3108:(
3099:)
3090:(
1095:e
1088:t
1081:v
998:.
972:.
909:.
870:.
848:.
241:×
214:×
199:×
115:4
107:2
99:6
20:)
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