231:
46:
175:
220:
33:
307:
Michl J., Simmonds M., Ingrouille M., Heinrich M., Toxicological risk assessment of
Aristolochia species.. Planta Medica. Conference: 59th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research Antalya
276:. However, despite these well-documented dangers, aristolochic acid still is present sometimes in herbal remedies (such as for weight loss), primarily because of substitution of innocuous herbs with
207:, as well as crimson and common rose butterflies. It reaches a height of several metres on trees and cover the branches with thick foliage. It is commonly found in
535:
355:
211:, rocky hillslopes. It flowers once a year to produce seeds. It can also be propagated by roots. The plant has a number of historical medicinal uses.
483:
347:
496:
340:
331:
431:
651:
646:
522:
336:
45:
444:
418:
265:. Aristolochic acid is composed of an about 1:1 mixture of two forms, aristolochic acid I and aristolochic acid II.
587:
540:
436:
352:
592:
409:
371:
296:
449:
641:
501:
322:
149:
475:
613:
470:
273:
40:
230:
561:
457:
242:
200:
262:
116:
566:
174:
359:
348:
Anti-inflammatory, Antipruritic and Mast Cell
Stabilizing Activity of Aristolochia Indica.
204:
83:
579:
574:
269:
188:
70:
635:
165:
618:
251:
219:
208:
126:
462:
423:
509:
403:
394:
246:
96:
553:
196:
192:
106:
32:
605:
600:
388:
187:(native language: Garudakkodi / Eswaramooli) is a creeper plant found in
548:
488:
514:
280:
species. The alcoholic extract is more toxic than the water extract.
268:
In addition to its carcinogenicity, aristolochic acid is also highly
257:
365:
229:
218:
173:
57:
527:
369:
353:
378:
8:
366:
31:
20:
341:United States Department of Agriculture
332:Germplasm Resources Information Network
289:
199:and is critical to the survival of the
7:
297:Introduction to the Aristolochiales
14:
272:and may be a causative agent in
44:
593:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:93025-1
195:. It Is known as 'sapsada' in
1:
337:Agricultural Research Service
652:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
261:plants, both in the family
668:
155:
148:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
647:Plants described in 1753
249:also found in various
238:
227:
179:
233:
222:
177:
241:This plant contains
476:Aristolochia indica
437:Aristolochia_indica
410:Aristolochia indica
380:Aristolochia indica
325:Aristolochia indica
235:Arsitolochia indica
224:Aristolochia indica
184:Aristolochia indica
159:Aristolochia indica
25:Aristolochia indica
358:2016-03-03 at the
274:Balkan nephropathy
239:
228:
180:
178:Aristolochis Plant
629:
628:
562:Open Tree of Life
372:Taxon identifiers
243:aristolochic acid
201:southern birdwing
172:
171:
659:
622:
621:
609:
608:
596:
595:
583:
582:
570:
569:
557:
556:
544:
543:
531:
530:
518:
517:
505:
504:
492:
491:
479:
478:
466:
465:
453:
452:
440:
439:
427:
426:
414:
413:
412:
399:
398:
397:
367:
344:
309:
305:
299:
294:
263:Aristolochiaceae
161:
117:Aristolochiaceae
49:
48:
35:
21:
667:
666:
662:
661:
660:
658:
657:
656:
632:
631:
630:
625:
617:
612:
604:
599:
591:
586:
578:
573:
565:
560:
552:
547:
539:
534:
526:
521:
513:
508:
500:
495:
487:
482:
474:
469:
461:
456:
448:
443:
435:
430:
422:
417:
408:
407:
402:
393:
392:
387:
374:
360:Wayback Machine
321:
318:
313:
312:
306:
302:
295:
291:
286:
217:
205:common birdwing
168:
163:
157:
144:
43:
17:
16:Species of vine
12:
11:
5:
665:
663:
655:
654:
649:
644:
634:
633:
627:
626:
624:
623:
619:wfo-0000547908
610:
597:
584:
571:
558:
545:
532:
519:
506:
493:
480:
467:
454:
441:
428:
415:
400:
384:
382:
376:
375:
370:
364:
363:
350:
345:
317:
316:External links
314:
311:
310:
300:
288:
287:
285:
282:
216:
213:
189:Southern India
170:
169:
164:
153:
152:
146:
145:
141:A. indica
138:
136:
132:
131:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
87:
86:
81:
74:
73:
68:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
664:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
639:
637:
620:
615:
611:
607:
602:
598:
594:
589:
585:
581:
576:
572:
568:
563:
559:
555:
550:
546:
542:
537:
533:
529:
524:
520:
516:
511:
507:
503:
498:
494:
490:
485:
481:
477:
472:
468:
464:
459:
455:
451:
446:
442:
438:
433:
429:
425:
420:
416:
411:
405:
401:
396:
390:
386:
385:
383:
381:
377:
373:
368:
361:
357:
354:
351:
349:
346:
342:
338:
334:
333:
328:
326:
320:
319:
315:
304:
301:
298:
293:
290:
283:
281:
279:
275:
271:
266:
264:
260:
259:
254:
253:
248:
244:
236:
232:
225:
221:
214:
212:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
185:
176:
167:
162:
160:
154:
151:
150:Binomial name
147:
143:
142:
137:
134:
133:
130:
129:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
85:
82:
79:
76:
75:
72:
71:Tracheophytes
69:
66:
63:
62:
59:
56:
53:
52:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
642:Aristolochia
379:
330:
324:
303:
292:
278:Aristolochia
277:
267:
256:
252:Aristolochia
250:
240:
234:
223:
209:forest floor
183:
182:
181:
158:
156:
140:
139:
128:Aristolochia
127:
90:
77:
64:
24:
18:
580:kew-2651508
510:iNaturalist
404:Wikispecies
270:nephrotoxic
84:Angiosperms
636:Categories
575:Plant List
284:References
247:carcinogen
97:Magnoliids
197:Sri Lanka
193:Sri Lanka
191:and also
135:Species:
107:Piperales
54:Kingdom:
606:50066205
601:Tropicos
395:Q3595780
389:Wikidata
356:Archived
237:- flower
215:Toxicity
113:Family:
549:NTFlora
528:93025-1
489:7313567
308:Turkey.
123:Genus:
103:Order:
58:Plantae
541:158548
515:464599
502:417794
450:417784
424:101619
258:Asarum
226:flower
567:82047
554:20715
471:FoAO2
91:Clade
78:Clade
65:Clade
588:POWO
536:NCBI
523:IPNI
497:GRIN
484:GBIF
463:GPWW
445:BOLD
432:ATRF
419:APNI
255:and
245:, a
203:and
614:WFO
458:CoL
638::
616::
603::
590::
577::
564::
551::
538::
525::
512::
499::
486::
473::
460::
447::
434::
421::
406::
391::
339:,
335:.
329:.
166:L.
93::
80::
67::
362:.
343:.
327:"
323:"
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
