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drawn-out, pointed tips and prominent veins forming an obvious net-like vein pattern on both sides. The margins are strikingly toothed, with larger, narrowly pointed, irregular, jagged teeth bearing smaller teeth. Some trees have red-purple twigs and leaf undersides; others are just green. The leaves have long stalks, and each leaf stalk has a pair of small, narrow
287:
long. Flowers have 4 ovate sepals around 3 mm long; 4 petals, 3-lobed, often deeply, 9mm long. Stamens occur on glandular disk, minutely pubescent. Ovary 3-4 celled, styles 3-4. The flowers are very numerous, in much-branched clusters. They have petals with rounded, incised lobes at the ends and look like small versions of
291:
flowers. They are almost colourless when they open; then they change to pink, red, and dark red, providing a colourful display. Wineberry has male and female flowers on different plants, with some bisexual flowers among the males. Female flowers are borne in large panicles, on short shoots just above
425:
Wineberry is a quick growing deciduous tree. Gradually losing leaves during the winter it may become fully bare prior to new leaves and flower development in spring. The berries then ripen in the summer. As the flowers of the
Wineberry mature they turn from white to red, there are both female and
286:
of numerous cymes, flowers of all shades intermixed, coloured in cream through pink to dark red. Flowers has 4 to 6 mm diam; petals 3-lobed; stigma with 3-4 lobes; stamens numerous, arising from a glandular disc. Flower has 6–10 cm long, on slender pubescent pedicels with around 5-10mm
274:
leaves have distinguishable traits. Leaves are thin, deeply and sharply serrated, light or dark green on adaxial surface, often pinkish green on abaxial surface, veins distinct on both surfaces, size between 5-12 x 4–8 cm. The leaves, are disposed in opposite or subopposite pairs. They have
498:. Māori used makomako medicinally by boiling its leaves as an application to burns and infected wounds. The berries serve as food and are often eaten by children, and can be squeezed to make a thick sweet drink. Wineberry can be used in a variety of way to create dyes: the plant contains
239:
fast-growing tree or shrub. The tree can reach up to 10m tall, with a trunk diameter up to 30 cm. The bark is pale brown, smooth and patterned with flat lenticels. Branches are long, slender and spreading, branchlets have a reddish-brown colour when pubescent.
404:
Endemic to New
Zealand, wineberry is found throughout the South Island of New Zealand and lower North Island. It is common in moist forest and scrub land within the lowland, montane, and subalpine climates. Wineberry can also be found on
416:
is plentiful in regenerating forest and damp river margins. Forest clearings which are followed by the colonisation of wineberry are often due to land slip, storm damage, natural tree fall, forest clearings, and forest fire.
592:
Burrows, C.J. (1995b). Germination behaviour of the seeds of the New
Zealand species Aristotelia serrata, Coprosma robusta, Cordyline australis, Myrtus obcordata and Schefflera digitata. New Zealand Journal of Botany33:
429:
Wineberry acts as a host to numerous associated plant species and is fed on by native birds and insects. Associated plants include a range of mosses to herbaceous plants such as
733:“New Zealand Pigeon/Kererū/kūkū/kūkupa” New Zealand Wood Pigeon/kereru/kuku/kukupa: New Zealand Native Land Birds. Department of Conservation, 06 Nov. 2006. Web. 028 Mar. 2015.
701:
Dawson, John, Rob Lucas, Jane Conner, and P. J. Brownsey. “Aristotelia
Alaeocarpaceae.” New Zealand's Native Trees. Nelson, NZ: Craig Potton, 2011. 144-46. Print.
502:, and the bark can provide a blue-black dye. European settlers burnt the shoots of the wineberry, changing the wood to charcoal for the production of gunpowder.
910:
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Aristotelia
Serrata.” New Zealand Plant and Conservation Network. New Zealand Plant and Conservation Network, 10 May 2014. Web. 29 Mar. 2015.
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by both birds and mammals. Kererū are known to feed on the fruit of wineberry. In order to conserve kererū populations it is suggested by the
279:, sometimes a few teeth, at its base. In the axils of the leafstalks are pointed buds, which can grow out into leafy shots or inflorescences.
1059:
673:
53:
897:
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gave its current binomial name in 1921. Wineberry grows in association with many plants and provides a key food source for the
426:
male flowers on different plants with some bisexual flowers among the males. It form thickets after the felling of forest.
1054:
1049:
652:
Poole, Lindsay, and Nancy Adams. “Dicotyledones.” Trees and Shrubs of New
Zealand. Wellington: DSIR, 1990. 84-85. Print.
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Characteres
Generum Plantarum quas in Itinere ad Insulas Maris Australis Collegerunt, Descripserunt, Delinearunt, Annis
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that wineberry be planted as a food source. The berries of the wineberry are not the only parts eaten:
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Dawson, J., & Lucas, R. (2012). New
Zealand's native trees. Nelson: Craig Potton publishing.
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Eagle, A. (2006a): Eagle’s
Complete Trees and Shrubs of New Zealand. Te Papa Press, Wellington
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The fruit is a berry that is 4-5mm in diameter, black, containing 8 angular seeds. With 4
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Aristotelia
Serrata.” Flora of New Zealand. Landcare Research, 2015. Web. 30 Mar. 2015.
972:
580:
Allan,H.H. (1961). Flora of New Zealand. Vol. 1. Wellington, Government Printer. 1085 p
519:"NZOR Name Details - Aristotelia serrata (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) W.R.B.Oliv., 1921"
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leaves or old leaf scars, on 2 year old wood of the upper leafy branchlets.
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in a 1921 article, who argued it was the name used to describe it most.
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Taking advantage of ecological disturbances such as natural tree falls
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and axile placentation. They are red through dark red to almost black.
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263:. Flowering occurs in the spring, with berries ripening in summer.
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Map showing citizen scientist observations from NaturewatchNZ
668:. Te Papa Te Taiao Nature Series. Te Papa Press. p. 57.
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Lehnebach, Carlos A.; Meudt, Heidi (1 October 2022).
609:. Missouri Botanical Garden. London – via the
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603:Forster, Georg; Forster, Johann Reinhold (1776).
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479:) larvae can be found feeding on its leaves.
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630:New Zealand Plant Conservation Network
357:The wineberry was first described by
7:
926:cff78424-3b27-425a-a9da-7801825a88b1
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991:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:323917-1
490:has a multitude of uses by both
340:
328:
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213:, is a small tree in the family
52:
243:First described by botanists
235:of New Zealand. It is a small
1:
367:Characteres Generum Plantarum
1060:Endemic flora of New Zealand
186:(J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.)
1086:
469:Department of Conservation
396:is latin for saw-toothed.
665:Native Plants of Aotearoa
392:and the specific epithet
373:It was given its current
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49:Scientific classification
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39:
30:
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432:Orthotrichum cyathiforme
400:Distribution and habitat
626:"Aristotelia serrata"
456:Lleostylus micranthus
1055:Trees of New Zealand
450:Leptophyllopsis laxa
282:Flowers occur in an
198:, commonly known as
1050:Aristotelia (plant)
965:Aristotelia serrata
798:Aristotelia serrata
768:Aristotelia serrata
488:Aristotelia serrata
463:are susceptible to
438:Orthotrichum calvum
378:Aristotelia serrata
272:Aristotelia serrata
195:Aristotelia serrata
180:Aristotelia serrata
41:Aristotelia serrata
25:Aristotelia serrata
1070:New Zealand fruit
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947:Open Tree of Life
760:Taxon identifiers
675:978-1-9911509-3-6
492:European settlers
477:Cleora scriptaria
459:. The berries of
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521:. Archived from
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16:Species of plant
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525:on 4 March 2016
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473:kawakawa looper
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371:Dicera serrata.
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223:, found in the
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162:A. serrata
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1027:wfo-0000548507
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253:Dicera serrata
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204:Māori language
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375:binomial name
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978:kew-2652056
885:iNaturalist
792:Wikispecies
386:Aristotelia
289:Elaeocarpus
267:Description
251:in 1776 as
220:Aristotelia
149:Aristotelia
92:Angiosperms
1044:Categories
973:Plant List
506:References
461:A. serrata
414:A. serrata
202:or in the
128:Oxalidales
1004:100292349
465:frugivory
390:Aristotle
388:is after
237:deciduous
200:wineberry
156:Species:
62:Kingdom:
999:Tropicos
903:323917-1
777:Wikidata
635:2 August
353:Taxonomy
277:stipules
209:or just
207:makomako
134:Family:
105:Eudicots
43:foliage
1014:5823725
952:1094482
864:5651040
838:5427673
783:Q151178
500:tannins
421:Ecology
394:serrata
347:Berries
335:Flowers
311:Foliage
297:locules
144:Genus:
124:Order:
66:Plantae
1011:uBio:
923:NZOR:
916:140574
812:628446
672:
593:257-64
453:, and
261:Kererū
118:Rosids
934:NZPCN
890:70230
851:AITSE
529:1 May
496:Māori
359:Georg
245:Georg
112:Clade
99:Clade
86:Clade
73:Clade
986:POWO
960:PfaF
939:1512
911:NCBI
898:IPNI
877:4204
872:GRIN
859:GBIF
846:EPPO
825:GQN6
807:BOLD
670:ISBN
637:2023
531:2015
494:and
361:and
323:Bark
247:and
231:and
211:mako
1022:WFO
833:EoL
820:CoL
380:by
369:as
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533:.
475:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
