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593:, in the eastern part of the territory. When the town fort was abandoned by its Union garrison, Baylor's force cut off the fleeing Union troops and forced them to surrender. On August 1, Baylor issued a "Proclamation to the People of the Territory of Arizona", which declared that he was taking possession of the territory for the Confederacy, with Mesilla as the capital and himself as the governor.
598:
otherwise provide. I, John R. Baylor, lieutenant-colonel, commanding the
Confederate Army in the Territory of Arizona, hereby take possession of said Territory in the name and behalf of the Confederate States of America. For all purposes herein specified, and until otherwise decreed or provided, the Territory of Arizona shall comprise all that portion of New Mexico lying south of the
48:
533:
crisis in the United States. Aside from their distinct ethnicity and cultural identity, which was primarily
Hispanic, the prior experiences of the territory's inhabitants had generated considerable alienation from and even animosity toward Texans. In early 1861, Texans overwhelmingly voted to secede
561:
Reflecting
Southern sentiment in the southern portion of the territory, a convention was held at Mesilla on March 16, 1861, that adopted an ordinance of secession and called on the citizens of the western portion of the territory (now southern Arizona) to "join us in this movement". Subsequently, a
616:
Indians, who quickly gained control of the area and forced many of the settlers to seek refuge in Tucson. Even so, the people of
Arizona remained firm in their support of Baylor, and held another convention on August 28, 1861, in Tucson, ratifying Baylor's proclamation. Once again, G.H. Oury was
597:
The social and political condition of
Arizona being little short of general anarchy, and the people being literally destitute of law, order, and protection, the said Territory, from the date hereof, is hereby declared temporarily organized as a military government until such time as Congress may
55:
468:, with the additional stipulation that all the Indians of New Mexico would be removed to northern Arizona. In April 1860, impatient for Congress to act, a convention of thirty-one delegates met in Tucson and adopted a constitution for a provisional territorial government of the area south of
637:
I, Jefferson Davis, President of the
Confederate States of America, do issue this, my proclamation, declaring said "Act to organize the Territory of Arizona" to be in full force and operation, and that I have proceeded to appoint the officers therein provided to be appointed in and for said
479:
However, due to the small number of inhabitants in the proposed territory, the U.S. Congress continued to refuse to recognize any proceedings from any of the conventions being held in the area. Making matters worse, on March 2, 1861, the U.S. government formally revoked a contract with the
509:
1072:
In some ways, the Civil War in New Mexico was not so much about North versus South, but New Mexico versus Texas. That's one reason the territory's local population primarily fought on the side of the Union during the war, when two major battles and several skirmishes took place in New
843:. The skirmish that followed, in which one Union cavalryman was wounded, is often considered the westernmost engagement of the Civil War. Ultimately, the goal of expanding Confederate influence into southern California and to the Pacific Ocean was never realized. Following the
632:
introduced a bill on
November 22, 1861, to formally create the Territory of Arizona. After two months of debate, the legislation passed on January 13, 1862, and the territory was officially created by proclamation of President Davis on February 14, with this proclamation:
828:, occupied southern Arizona during the spring of 1862. He bore orders from Governor Baylor to lure the Apache into Tucson for peace talks and then to exterminate the adults. Hunter's frontiersmen spent most of their time expelling Union supporters and skirmishing with
429:
were advanced as early as 1856. The first proposals for a separate
Arizona Territory were not based on the modern east–west division but rather a north–south division. These proposals arose from concerns about the effectiveness of the territorial government in
380:
governments claimed ownership over the territory, and several important battles and military operations took place in the region. Roughly 7,000-8,000 troops from the New Mexico
Territory served the Union, more than any other western state or territory.
534:
from the Union and the state subsequently joined the
Confederacy. As a result, when a side had to be chosen, much of the population of the New Mexico Territory sided with the Union. Many settlers in the region carved out by the
691:, a native of New Mexico who would serve as governor for the remainder of the war. Under his leadership, the slavery laws of the territory were repealed and the Indian tribes of the territory were moved onto reservations.
832:, so the order was never enforced. A detachment of Hunter's force traveled along the Butterfield Overland Mail route and destroyed caches of hay to prevent their use by Union forces; it traveled to within eighty miles of
895:
in 1863. Confederate Arizona was created by capturing the southern tier of the Union's New Mexico Territory, while the boundary established in 1863 created an Arizona on the west separated from New Mexico on the east.
859:
drove the Confederates out of Tucson and advanced on Mesilla, the capital of Confederate Arizona. By July the Confederates had retreated to Texas, where they continued to manage the territorial government from
796:
led a series of raids on white civilians that left dozens dead and spread fear and terror across the territory. The Apache appeared to show equal hostility to both Union and Confederate forces, and both armies
416:
The New Mexico Territory was organized as a U.S. territory in 1850, and for many years its precise boundaries and internal administration remained undefined. In 1853, the territory was expanded south of the
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1057:
327:
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457:. The proposal for creation of the territory was controversial in part because of the perception that the New Mexico Territory was under the influence of southern sympathizers who sought to expand
660:
ratification of the Confederate Arizona Territory. The house bill stipulated that Tucson was to be capital. It also stipulated that slavery was to be abolished in the new territory. The
648:
The following month, in March 1862, the U.S. House of Representatives, now devoid of the southern delegates and controlled by Republicans, passed a bill to create its own version of the
500:. The loss of this key communications link with the rest of the United States angered settlers in the Arizona region, just as many states in the Deep South were seceding from the Union.
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In February 1858, the New Mexico territorial legislature adopted a resolution in favor of the creation of the Arizona Territory, but with a north–south border along the
1903:
546:. While the people of the southern portion of the territory had closer ties to the South, the more populous northern section had strong ties to Northern trade via the
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687:, he refused to support secession, and called out the territorial militia to counteract the Confederate invasion of July 1861. That month he was replaced by
286:
29:"Arizona Territory in the American Civil War" redirects here. For the southern portion of New Mexico Territory controlled or claimed by the Confederacy, see
566:, who had been Tucson's first mayor. The Tucson convention ratified the Mesilla convention, and provisional officers were elected for the newly established
3953:
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266:
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585:, with the specific intention of capturing California. In July 1861, a small Confederate force of Texans, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel
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Federal troops left Arizona early in 1861 to reinforce operations in the east, the territory had been left open to Apache attack. Most notably,
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re-elected as a congressman to the Confederate States Congress. Governor Baylor approved the proceedings, and Delegate Oury was sent off to
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that convened on August 29, 1856. The conference issued a petition requesting organization of the territory and signed by 256 people to the
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in 1862. Although the Confederacy never attempted another invasion of the region, its territorial government continued to operate out of
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368:. Despite its remoteness from the major battlefields of the east, and its being part of the sparsely populated and largely undeveloped
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907:, razed in the Battle of Peralta by weapons fire, was rebuilt and is inhabited today. The territorial legislature arranged for a
261:
242:
177:
152:
122:
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817:, started raising regiments of New Mexico volunteers and militia to replace the regular army units which had been ordered east.
400:. Confederate power in the New Mexico Territory was effectively broken when the campaign culminated in the Union victory at the
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as the territorial delegate to Congress. In January 1857, a bill for the organization of the territory was introduced into the
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on February 24, which became the date of the official organization of the U.S. Arizona Territory. The first capital was at
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Baylor's subsequent dismantling of the existing Union forts in the territory left the white settlers at the mercy of local
65:
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Early in the war, the Confederacy regarded the Arizona Territory as a valuable route by which to potentially access the
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1962:
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passed the Senate in February 1863 without the Tucson-as-capital stipulation, and was signed into law by President
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Delegate Oury was not initially seated in the Congress, but met with Confederate leaders as well as President
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A significant Confederate offensive to seize the New Mexico Territory in more than just name resulted in the
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In April 1862, a small party of Confederates moving northwest from Tucson met a Union cavalry patrol near
752:
As the war dragged on and Union troops were withdrawn to fight elsewhere, famed explorer and frontiersman
33:. For events in the new Union territory formed in 1863 from the western half of New Mexico Territory, see
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887:, which split off from the rest of the New Mexico Territory in 1861, was the first U.S. incarnation of
805:. The remaining Union troops in the New Mexico Territory were concentrated in forts along and near the
868:, during which they were ambushed by Apache warriors led by Cochise and Mangas Coloradas in Arizona's
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which was being used to support delivery of United States mail on the overland route which ran from
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40:
30:
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2002:
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1527:
1475:
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738:
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393:
365:
82:
2827:
508:
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In 1861, the Confederacy claimed the southern half of the vast New Mexico Territory as its own
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2822:
2725:
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2012:
1967:
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1401:
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34:
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re-captured the territory in early 1862, forcing the Confederates to retreat following the
656:. The use of a north–south border rather than an east–west one had the effect of denying a
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3175:
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2740:
2699:
1727:
1697:
1517:
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880:, the Californians and the Apache would continue fighting throughout the war and beyond.
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1937:
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commemorating the Union war dead and condemning the Confederacy to be erected in the
877:
821:
769:
582:
442:
801:; the resulting engagements are often considered part of both the Civil War and the
408:, with Confederate troops marching under the Arizona flag until the end of the war.
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814:
563:
872:. Even though the column withstood the Apache attack and subsequently established
851:, about 50 miles (80 km) northwest of Tucson, the lead detachment of Colonel
1391:
1301:
The Civil War in the Western Territories: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah
958:
Exactly fifty years later, on the same date in 1912, Arizona became a U.S. state.
2614:
1652:
1632:
798:
629:
345:
425:. Proposals for a division of the territory and the organization of a separate
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2872:
2634:
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1830:
873:
829:
806:
753:
726:
497:
418:
349:
76:
1439:
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978:
833:
530:
3266:
1374:
The Civil War in Arizona; the Story of the California Volunteers, 1861–65
773:
722:
555:
1174:
1058:"Territory's Hispanics were key to Union during Civil War in New Mexico"
888:
793:
761:
679:
At the start of the Civil War, the New Mexico territorial governor was
353:
1444:
765:
613:
551:
522:
434:
to administer the newly acquired southern portions of the territory.
357:
733:
in March. Confederate troops withdrew because a detachment of the
507:
53:
46:
39:
1332:. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press, 1995.
776:
in New Mexico and Texas, as well as participated in the earlier
542:, while much of the rest of the territory remained loyal to the
4064:
List of films and television shows about the American Civil War
3609:
2998:
2562:
1785:
1486:
1448:
562:
second convention was held in Tucson on March 28, chaired by
1435:
National Park Service map of Civil War sites in New Mexico
991:"N.M. had big role in the Civil War - Albuquerque Journal"
1330:
Blood & Treasure: Confederate Empire in the Southwest
725:
in an effort to capture its valuable mineral resources.
1303:. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1959.
4110:
1310:. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2017.
714:, which was fought from February to April 1862. The
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3883:
3828:
3737:
3626:
3539:
3518:
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3448:
3439:
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2916:
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2778:
2718:
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2500:
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2240:
2071:
1927:
1886:
1854:
1821:
1814:
1678:
1596:
1497:
578:, who immediately began petitioning for admission.
1360:The Confederate Invasion of New Mexico and Arizona
1321:Department of New Mexico Headquarters, Santa Fe.
529:, many New Mexicans were apathetic to the ongoing
1416:The Leading Facts of New Mexican History, Vol. II
1273:The Battle of Glorieta: Union Victory in the West
437:The first proposal dates to a conference held in
3750:Confederate States presidential election of 1861
1381:Civil War in the Southwest Borderlands, 1861–67
979:American Civil War Research Database statistics
635:
595:
3574:Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S.
1289:. Oakland, CA: Compass American Guides, 1995.
1113:Arizona Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans
652:, using instead the north–south border of the
1460:
1383:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2017.
1376:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2006.
1175:Sons of Confederate Veterans, Arizona Chapter
570:with Dr. Lewis S. Owings as its governor and
360:, played a small but significant role in the
321:
8:
935:List of New Mexico Territory Civil War units
35:Arizona Territory § American Civil War
18:Arizona Territory in the American Civil War
3623:
3606:
3445:
3006:
2995:
2782:
2579:
2572:
2559:
2244:
1818:
1811:
1782:
1494:
1483:
1467:
1453:
1445:
1429:s:Arizona Territory Ordinance of Secession
328:
314:
60:
764:unit, to engage in campaigns against the
676:, in the northern Union-controlled area.
1663:Treatment of slaves in the United States
1275:. Texas A&M University Press, 1998.
1012:
1010:
600:thirty-fourth parallel of north latitude
4117:
3406:Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War
1578:South Carolina Declaration of Secession
971:
951:
741:burned their supply train. Despite the
521:Having been only recently annexed from
482:Butterfield Overland Stagecoach Company
241:
210:
72:
3391:Modern display of the Confederate flag
451:United States House of Representatives
1588:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers
891:, which would come into existence as
864:. Carleton's troops later fought the
356:, as well as the southern portion of
7:
4155:New Mexico in the American Civil War
1051:
1049:
3745:Committee on the Conduct of the War
3421:United Daughters of the Confederacy
1347:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991.
3815:U.S. Presidential Election of 1864
3154:impeachment managers investigation
1533:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
1345:The Civil War in the American West
550:, which connected the region with
25:
3240:Reconstruction military districts
1688:Abolitionism in the United States
1643:Plantations in the American South
1558:Origins of the American Civil War
1308:Army Life in the West (1862–1865)
824:, at the head of the Confederate
396:and open up access to Union-held
4132:
4120:
4094:
4085:
4084:
3223:Enforcement Act of February 1871
3196:Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867
756:helped organize and command the
344:, comprising what are today the
64:
4008:New York City Gold Hoax of 1864
3870:When Johnny Comes Marching Home
3431:Wilmington insurrection of 1898
1056:Nott, Robert (12 August 2023).
607:Lt. Colonel John R. Baylor, CSA
3111:Southern Homestead Act of 1866
1:
3526:Ladies' Memorial Associations
3228:Enforcement Act of April 1871
3124:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
1204:Frazier, pp. 32–34, 146, 228.
885:Confederate Arizona Territory
809:; the commander of the Union
574:as its first delegate to the
540:Confederate States of America
392:in an attempt to control the
3659:Confederate revolving cannon
3401:Sons of Confederate Veterans
3272:South Carolina riots of 1876
3250:Indian Council at Fort Smith
3201:South Carolina riots of 1876
3166:Knights of the White Camelia
1658:Slavery in the United States
472:. The delegates elected Dr.
4165:American Civil War by state
4013:New York City riots of 1863
3838:Battle Hymn of the Republic
3589:United Confederate Veterans
3426:Children of the Confederacy
3416:United Confederate Veterans
3411:Southern Historical Society
2043:Price's Missouri Expedition
1513:Timeline leading to the War
1398:University of Arizona Press
1362:, Westernlore Press, 1958.
683:; although a Democrat from
576:Confederate States Congress
4181:
4160:1860s in the United States
3981:Confederate Secret Service
3569:Grand Army of the Republic
3461:Grand Army of the Republic
3279:Southern Claims Commission
1240:Frazier, pp. 132, 206–207.
780:against the Confederates.
703:
514:
28:
4080:
3969:Confederate States dollar
3780:Habeas Corpus Act of 1863
3775:Emancipation Proclamation
3669:Medal of Honor recipients
3622:
3605:
3557:Confederate Memorial Hall
3359:Confederate Memorial Hall
3332:Confederate History Month
3312:Civil War Discovery Trail
3213:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867
3019:Reconstruction Amendments
3005:
2994:
2571:
2558:
1810:
1781:
1628:Emancipation Proclamation
1493:
1482:
1418:. The Torch Press, 1912.
799:attempted to control them
643:President Jefferson Davis
476:as provisional governor.
362:trans-Mississippi theater
4043:U.S. Sanitary Commission
3954:Battlefield preservation
3860:Marching Through Georgia
3785:Hampton Roads Conference
3760:Confiscation Act of 1862
3755:Confiscation Act of 1861
3531:U.S. national cemeteries
3337:Confederate Memorial Day
3322:Civil War Trails Program
3191:New Orleans riot of 1866
1213:Frazier, pp. 70, 226–227
1134:Branigan Cultural Center
1041:Discover Arizona website
930:Department of New Mexico
811:Department of New Mexico
572:Granville Henderson Oury
388:and waged the ambitious
3964:Confederate war finance
3584:Southern Cross of Honor
3552:1938 Gettysburg reunion
3547:1913 Gettysburg reunion
3245:Reconstruction Treaties
3218:Enforcement Act of 1870
3101:Freedman's Savings Bank
1718:Lane Debates on Slavery
1543:Lincoln–Douglas debates
1163:Enchanted Learning site
1093:Twitchell, pp. 357–358.
731:Battle of Glorieta Pass
402:Battle of Glorieta Pass
4023:Richmond riots of 1863
3949:Baltimore riot of 1861
3729:U.S. Military Railroad
3649:Confederate Home Guard
3381:Historiographic issues
3347:Historical reenactment
1846:Revenue Cutter Service
1713:William Lloyd Garrison
1622:Dred Scott v. Sandford
1343:Josephy Jr., Alvin M.
1249:Frazier, pp. 207, 258.
845:Battle of Picacho Pass
758:1st New Mexico Cavalry
646:
610:
512:
58:
51:
44:
3988:Great Revival of 1863
3865:Maryland, My Maryland
3654:Confederate railroads
3317:Civil War Roundtables
3186:Meridian riot of 1871
3181:Memphis riots of 1866
1738:George Luther Stearns
1723:Elijah Parish Lovejoy
1616:Crittenden Compromise
1325:, September 22, 1863.
1323:General Orders No. 25
1258:Colton, pp. 198, 203.
1144:Frazier, pp. 62, 115.
866:Battle of Apache Pass
747:1st Colorado Infantry
735:1st Colorado Infantry
538:willingly joined the
511:
57:
50:
43:
3875:Daar kom die Alibama
3790:National Union Party
3466:memorials to Lincoln
3386:Lost Cause mythology
3091:Eufaula riot of 1874
3079:Confederate refugees
2292:District of Columbia
1919:Union naval blockade
1765:Underground Railroad
1553:Nullification crisis
1414:Twitchell, Ralph E.
1195:Colton, pp. 191–197.
1186:Colton, pp. 202–203.
1124:Colton, pp. 198–200.
1062:Santa Fe New Mexican
870:Chiricahua Mountains
803:American Indian Wars
628:. Texas Congressman
621:on October 1, 1861.
527:Mexican–American War
461:into the Southwest.
427:Territory of Arizona
342:New Mexico Territory
267:District of Columbia
243:Territories and D.C.
4033:Supreme Court cases
3800:Radical Republicans
3579:Old soldiers' homes
3563:Confederate Veteran
3489:artworks in Capitol
3208:Reconstruction acts
3069:Colfax riot of 1873
2033:Richmond-Petersburg
1638:Fugitive slave laws
1568:Popular sovereignty
1548:Missouri Compromise
1538:Kansas-Nebraska Act
1396:. Tucson, Arizona:
1388:Sheridan, Thomas E.
1358:Kerby, Robert Lee,
1306:Curtis, Charles A.
1285:Cheek, Lawrence W.
1231:Frazier, pp. 54–56.
946:Informational notes
925:New Mexico campaign
905:Peralta, New Mexico
712:New Mexico Campaign
706:New Mexico campaign
700:New Mexico campaign
662:Arizona Organic Act
517:Confederate Arizona
390:New Mexico Campaign
31:Confederate Arizona
4127:American Civil War
3854:A Lincoln Portrait
3795:Politicians killed
3719:U.S. Balloon Corps
3714:Union corps badges
3494:memorials to Davis
3364:Disenfranchisement
3235:Reconstruction era
3116:Timber Culture Act
3074:Compromise of 1877
2038:Franklin–Nashville
1708:Frederick Douglass
1611:Cornerstone Speech
1528:Compromise of 1850
1476:American Civil War
1393:Arizona: A History
1379:Masich, Andrew E.
1372:Masich, Andrew E.
995:www.abqjournal.com
778:Battle of Valverde
739:John M. Chivington
719:Army of New Mexico
619:Richmond, Virginia
513:
394:American Southwest
366:American Civil War
83:American Civil War
59:
52:
45:
4108:
4107:
4076:
4075:
4072:
4071:
3906:Italian Americans
3891:African Americans
3848:John Brown's Body
3601:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3514:
3513:
3352:Robert E. Lee Day
3096:Freedmen's Bureau
3059:Brooks–Baxter War
2990:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2774:
2773:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2546:
2545:
1963:Northern Virginia
1909:Trans-Mississippi
1882:
1881:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1669:Uncle Tom's Cabin
1606:African Americans
1440:Sibley Expedition
1328:Frazier, Donald.
893:Arizona Territory
857:California Column
853:James H. Carleton
815:Edward R.S. Canby
650:Arizona Territory
568:Arizona Territory
386:Arizona Territory
370:American frontier
338:
337:
16:(Redirected from
4172:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4116:
4098:
4088:
4087:
3911:Native Americans
3896:German Americans
3689:Partisan rangers
3684:Official Records
3624:
3607:
3499:memorials to Lee
3446:
3007:
2996:
2783:
2580:
2573:
2560:
2533:Washington, D.C.
2327:Indian Territory
2287:Dakota Territory
2245:
2162:Chancellorsville
1953:Jackson's Valley
1943:Blockade runners
1819:
1812:
1783:
1743:Thaddeus Stevens
1733:Lysander Spooner
1693:Susan B. Anthony
1495:
1484:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1446:
1431:(March 16, 1861)
1411:
1271:Alberts, Don E.
1259:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1241:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1151:
1145:
1142:
1136:
1131:
1125:
1122:
1116:
1111:Frazier, p. 34;
1109:
1103:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1085:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1053:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1001:
987:
981:
976:
959:
956:
790:Mangas Coloradas
695:Military actions
644:
608:
536:Gadsden Purchase
470:34 degrees north
423:Gadsden Purchase
330:
323:
316:
277:Indian Territory
211:Dual governments
68:
61:
21:
4180:
4179:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4133:
4131:
4121:
4119:
4111:
4109:
4104:
4068:
4052:
3937:
3901:Irish Americans
3879:
3824:
3733:
3724:U.S. Home Guard
3664:Field artillery
3618:
3617:
3593:
3535:
3510:
3472:
3441:
3435:
3327:Civil War Trust
3294:
3288:
3176:Ethnic violence
3161:Kirk–Holden war
3040:
3001:
2978:
2912:
2770:
2714:
2567:
2542:
2496:
2249:
2236:
2067:
2048:Sherman's March
2028:Bermuda Hundred
1923:
1878:
1850:
1806:
1805:
1769:
1728:J. Sella Martin
1698:James G. Birney
1674:
1592:
1518:Bleeding Kansas
1506:
1489:
1478:
1473:
1425:
1408:
1386:
1299:Colton, Ray C.
1263:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1222:Josephy, p. 85.
1221:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1173:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1153:Colton, p. 201.
1152:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1084:Colton, p. 192.
1083:
1079:
1066:
1064:
1055:
1054:
1047:
1039:
1035:
1024:
1020:
1016:Colton, p. 198.
1015:
1008:
999:
997:
989:
988:
984:
977:
973:
963:
962:
957:
953:
943:
921:
902:
841:Stanwix Station
826:Arizona Rangers
786:
708:
702:
697:
681:Abraham Rencher
666:Abraham Lincoln
645:
642:
626:Jefferson Davis
609:
606:
519:
506:
474:Lewis S. Owings
447:Nathan P. Cooke
414:
334:
89:
81:
79:
38:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4178:
4176:
4168:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4129:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4102:
4092:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4048:Women soldiers
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4003:Naming the war
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3945:
3943:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3834:
3832:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3639:Campaign Medal
3636:
3630:
3628:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3614:Related topics
3611:
3610:
3603:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3452:
3450:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3361:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3342:Decoration Day
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3298:
3296:
3295:Reconstruction
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3149:second inquiry
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3113:
3106:Homestead Acts
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3054:Alabama Claims
3050:
3048:
3046:Reconstruction
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3034:15th Amendment
3031:
3029:14th Amendment
3026:
3024:13th Amendment
3015:
3013:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2789:
2787:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2655:J. E. Johnston
2652:
2650:A. S. Johnston
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2590:R. H. Anderson
2586:
2584:
2577:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2556:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2452:South Carolina
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2427:North Carolina
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2253:
2251:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2152:Fredericksburg
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2092:Wilson's Creek
2089:
2084:
2078:
2076:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1932:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1904:Lower Seaboard
1901:
1896:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1860:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1827:
1825:
1816:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1760:Harriet Tubman
1757:
1756:
1755:
1748:Charles Sumner
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1684:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1602:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1583:States' rights
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1498:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1464:
1457:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1424:
1423:External links
1421:
1420:
1419:
1412:
1406:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1356:
1341:
1326:
1319:
1316:978-1545458785
1304:
1297:
1283:
1261:
1260:
1251:
1242:
1233:
1224:
1215:
1206:
1197:
1188:
1179:
1167:
1155:
1146:
1137:
1126:
1117:
1104:
1102:Alberts, p. 5.
1095:
1086:
1077:
1045:
1033:
1027:New York Times
1018:
1006:
982:
970:
969:
961:
960:
950:
949:
942:
939:
938:
937:
932:
927:
920:
917:
913:Santa Fe Plaza
901:
898:
876:to secure the
830:Federal troops
785:
782:
704:Main article:
701:
698:
696:
693:
689:Henry Connelly
685:North Carolina
672:, followed by
654:107th meridian
640:
604:
587:John R. Baylor
548:Santa Fe Trail
525:following the
515:Main article:
505:
502:
490:El Paso, Texas
466:109th meridian
445:, and elected
413:
412:Prelude to war
410:
336:
335:
333:
332:
325:
318:
310:
307:
306:
305:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
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195:
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185:
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165:
160:
155:
150:
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110:
105:
100:
95:
86:
85:
70:
69:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4177:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
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4153:
4152:
4150:
4140:
4130:
4128:
4118:
4114:
4101:
4097:
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4091:
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4082:
4079:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4055:
4049:
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4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4018:Photographers
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3993:Gender issues
3991:
3989:
3986:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3940:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3821:
3820:War Democrats
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3810:Union Leagues
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3736:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3709:Turning point
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3679:Naval battles
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3507:
3504:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3442:and memorials
3438:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3302:Commemoration
3300:
3299:
3297:
3291:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3144:first inquiry
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3064:Carpetbaggers
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3004:
2997:
2993:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2487:West Virginia
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2407:New Hampshire
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2367:Massachusetts
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2107:Hampton Roads
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2097:Fort Donelson
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1993:Morgan's Raid
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1938:Anaconda Plan
1936:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1914:Pacific Coast
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1648:Positive good
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1563:Panic of 1857
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1523:Border states
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1465:
1463:
1458:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1407:0-8165-1515-8
1403:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1369:
1368:0-87026-055-3
1365:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1353:0-394-56482-0
1350:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1338:0-89096-639-7
1335:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1296:
1295:1-878867-72-5
1292:
1288:
1284:
1282:
1281:1-58544-100-7
1278:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1255:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1156:
1150:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1130:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1022:
1019:
1013:
1011:
1007:
996:
992:
986:
983:
980:
975:
972:
968:
967:
955:
952:
948:
947:
940:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
922:
918:
916:
914:
910:
906:
899:
897:
894:
890:
886:
881:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
837:
835:
831:
827:
823:
822:Sherod Hunter
818:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
795:
791:
784:Other actions
783:
781:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
717:
713:
707:
699:
694:
692:
690:
686:
682:
677:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
639:
634:
631:
627:
622:
620:
615:
603:
601:
594:
592:
588:
584:
583:Pacific Ocean
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
532:
528:
524:
518:
510:
503:
501:
499:
496:, Tucson and
495:
491:
487:
483:
477:
475:
471:
467:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
443:U.S. Congress
440:
435:
433:
428:
424:
420:
411:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
382:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
331:
326:
324:
319:
317:
312:
311:
309:
308:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
249:
248:
247:
244:
240:
235:
234:West Virginia
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
216:
215:
214:
209:
204:
201:
199:
198:West Virginia
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
158:New Hampshire
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
138:Massachusetts
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
90:
88:
87:
84:
78:
75:
71:
67:
63:
62:
56:
49:
42:
36:
32:
27:
19:
3959:Bibliography
3942:Other topics
3884:By ethnicity
3852:
3805:Trent Affair
3704:Signal Corps
3561:
3284:White League
3171:Ku Klux Klan
3084:Confederados
3011:Constitution
2883:D. D. Porter
2736:Breckinridge
2447:Rhode Island
2442:Pennsylvania
2416:
2197:Spotsylvania
2157:Stones River
2137:2nd Bull Run
2087:1st Bull Run
1973:Stones River
1874:Marine Corps
1841:Marine Corps
1680:Abolitionism
1667:
1620:
1415:
1392:
1380:
1373:
1359:
1344:
1329:
1307:
1300:
1286:
1272:
1266:Bibliography
1265:
1264:
1254:
1245:
1236:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1191:
1182:
1170:
1158:
1149:
1140:
1129:
1120:
1107:
1098:
1089:
1080:
1071:
1065:. Retrieved
1061:
1036:
1026:
1021:
998:. Retrieved
994:
985:
974:
965:
964:
954:
945:
944:
903:
882:
849:Picacho Peak
838:
819:
787:
751:
737:under Major
727:Union troops
709:
678:
670:Fort Whipple
657:
647:
636:
623:
611:
596:
580:
564:Mark Aldrich
560:
520:
492:, and on to
478:
463:
436:
415:
383:
339:
291:
188:Rhode Island
183:Pennsylvania
26:
3765:Copperheads
3477:Confederate
3369:Black Codes
2695:E. K. Smith
2576:Confederate
2523:New Orleans
2518:Chattanooga
2382:Mississippi
2282:Connecticut
2250:territories
2241:Involvement
2202:Cold Harbor
2192:Fort Pillow
2182:Chattanooga
2177:Chickamauga
2127:Seven Pines
2117:New Orleans
2082:Fort Sumter
2023:Valley 1864
1856:Confederacy
1653:Slave Power
1633:Fire-Eaters
716:Confederate
630:John Reagan
589:, captured
486:San Antonio
374:Confederate
346:U.S. states
98:Connecticut
4149:Categories
4139:New Mexico
3998:Juneteenth
3519:Cemeteries
3396:Red Shirts
3307:Centennial
3257:Red Shirts
2665:Longstreet
2595:Beauregard
2538:Winchester
2513:Charleston
2482:Washington
2417:New Mexico
2412:New Jersey
2272:California
2248:States and
2232:Five Forks
2217:Mobile Bay
2187:Wilderness
2167:Gettysburg
2147:Perryville
2132:Seven Days
2063:Appomattox
1988:Gettysburg
1948:New Mexico
1815:Combatants
1790:Combatants
1703:John Brown
1067:2023-08-14
1000:2023-06-01
941:References
874:Fort Bowie
813:, Colonel
807:Rio Grande
754:Kit Carson
745:regulars,
638:Territory.
498:California
419:Gila River
398:California
350:New Mexico
302:Washington
292:New Mexico
163:New Jersey
93:California
3976:Espionage
3770:Diplomacy
3738:Political
3694:POW camps
3440:Monuments
3267:Scalawags
3262:Redeemers
3000:Aftermath
2949:Pinkerton
2888:Rosecrans
2853:McClellan
2756:Memminger
2492:Wisconsin
2457:Tennessee
2377:Minnesota
2352:Louisiana
2227:Nashville
2172:Vicksburg
2102:Pea Ridge
2053:Carolinas
2008:Red River
2003:Knoxville
1983:Tullahoma
1978:Vicksburg
1958:Peninsula
1930:campaigns
1796:Campaigns
1573:Secession
966:Citations
900:Aftermath
834:Fort Yuma
531:secession
203:Wisconsin
148:Minnesota
4090:Category
3931:Seminole
3921:Cherokee
3674:Medicine
3627:Military
3540:Veterans
3374:Jim Crow
3139:timeline
2934:Ericsson
2917:Civilian
2898:Sheridan
2858:McDowell
2818:Farragut
2803:Burnside
2793:Anderson
2786:Military
2766:Stephens
2726:Benjamin
2719:Civilian
2605:Buchanan
2583:Military
2528:Richmond
2477:Virginia
2422:New York
2397:Nebraska
2387:Missouri
2372:Michigan
2362:Maryland
2347:Kentucky
2322:Illinois
2297:Delaware
2277:Colorado
2262:Arkansas
2222:Franklin
2142:Antietam
2013:Overland
1968:Maryland
1887:Theaters
1793:Theaters
1390:(1995).
919:See also
909:monument
820:Captain
774:Comanche
723:Colorado
674:Prescott
658:de facto
641:—
605:—
556:Missouri
504:Politics
488:through
432:Santa Fe
287:Nebraska
257:Colorado
229:Virginia
224:Missouri
219:Kentucky
168:New York
143:Michigan
133:Maryland
108:Illinois
103:Delaware
4113:Portals
4057:Related
3926:Choctaw
3916:Catawba
3699:Rations
3644:Cavalry
3506:Removal
3134:efforts
3118:of 1873
2964:Stevens
2959:Stanton
2944:Lincoln
2903:Sherman
2838:Halleck
2828:Frémont
2813:Du Pont
2751:Mallory
2710:Wheeler
2645:Jackson
2625:Forrest
2565:Leaders
2508:Atlanta
2472:Vermont
2392:Montana
2332:Indiana
2307:Georgia
2302:Florida
2267:Arizona
2257:Alabama
2207:Atlanta
2122:Corinth
2074:battles
2018:Atlanta
1998:Bristoe
1899:Western
1894:Eastern
1799:Battles
1598:Slavery
1502:Origins
1488:Origins
1287:Arizona
1073:Mexico.
1029:archive
889:Arizona
862:El Paso
794:Cochise
762:militia
591:Mesilla
494:Mesilla
459:slavery
421:in the
372:, both
364:of the
354:Arizona
282:Montana
252:Arizona
193:Vermont
113:Indiana
80:in the
4100:Portal
4038:Tokens
2974:Welles
2954:Seward
2939:Hamlin
2908:Thomas
2843:Hooker
2808:Butler
2761:Seddon
2746:Hunter
2731:Bocock
2705:Taylor
2700:Stuart
2690:Semmes
2670:Morgan
2630:Gorgas
2610:Cooper
2501:Cities
2437:Oregon
2402:Nevada
2342:Kansas
2312:Hawaii
2212:Crater
2112:Shiloh
2072:Major
2058:Mobile
1928:Major
1802:States
1753:Caning
1404:
1366:
1351:
1336:
1314:
1293:
1279:
772:, and
770:Navajo
766:Apache
614:Apache
552:Kansas
523:Mexico
455:Senate
439:Tucson
358:Nevada
262:Dakota
178:Oregon
153:Nevada
123:Kansas
77:states
3843:Dixie
3830:Music
3449:Union
3293:Post-
3129:trial
2929:Chase
2924:Adams
2893:Scott
2868:Meigs
2863:Meade
2833:Grant
2823:Foote
2798:Buell
2779:Union
2741:Davis
2685:Price
2675:Mosby
2620:Ewell
2615:Early
2600:Bragg
2462:Texas
2357:Maine
2317:Idaho
1823:Union
743:Union
544:Union
406:Texas
378:Union
272:Idaho
128:Maine
74:Union
4028:Salt
3634:Arms
3484:List
3456:List
2969:Wade
2878:Pope
2848:Hunt
2680:Polk
2640:Hood
2635:Hill
2467:Utah
2432:Ohio
2337:Iowa
1869:Navy
1864:Army
1836:Navy
1831:Army
1402:ISBN
1364:ISBN
1349:ISBN
1334:ISBN
1312:ISBN
1291:ISBN
1277:ISBN
883:The
878:pass
792:and
760:, a
554:and
376:and
352:and
340:The
297:Utah
173:Ohio
118:Iowa
2873:Ord
2660:Lee
855:'s
847:at
348:of
4151::
1400:.
1070:.
1060:.
1048:^
1009:^
993:.
915:.
836:.
768:,
558:.
4115::
1468:e
1461:t
1454:v
1410:.
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1177:.
1165:.
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1043:.
1031:.
1003:.
602:.
329:e
322:t
315:v
37:.
20:)
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