186:, a new policy of greater racial integration was adopted in the remaining units of the old Army of Africa. Algerian tirailleur regiments were to be made up of roughly 50% "Frenchmen of North African stock" (i.e. Arab and Berber Muslims) and an equivalent number of French volunteers and conscripts, largely drawn from the European settler community. At the same time, additional Muslim soldiers were to be incorporated into previously mostly European units such as the zouaves, until they made up to 25% of the total. Growing tensions within mixed units as the war continued, plus the threat of rebel
38:
54:
1660:
1821:
241:
171:
obtained by this method, out of approximately 45,000 possible candidates and Muslim enlistment remained predominately voluntary in peacetime. Even during World War I the majority (89,000 out of 170,000) of Muslim soldiers who served were volunteers. As in France itself, military service was an obligation of citizenship and all physically fit male settlers of French origin were required to undertake two years of compulsory service (three years from 1913).
346:
66:
871:
818:(French settler) conscripts and reservists of the zouaves and chasseurs d'Afrique; and the career regulars and conscripts of the remaining Muslim units recruited in Algeria. In contrast to the war in Indo-China, the Algerian War of 1954â62 was fought largely by conscripts and reservists from France itself.
162:
rank and file of the spahis and tirailleurs, while Arab volunteers might appear amongst the ranks of the zouaves. Prior to World War I, one battalion of each of the four zouave regiments then in existence, was recruited in France. These battalions' bases were thereby providing a framework that could
809:
continued to provide a substantial portion of the French Army between 1945 and 1962. The
Foreign Legion and volunteers from the Moroccan, Algerian and Tunisian tirailleur regiments served in the Indochina War between 1946 and 1954, along with nine tabors of the Moroccan Goumiers. Four regiments of
268:
made up of convicted military criminals from all branches of the French Army, who had finished their sentences in military prisons but still had time to serve before their terms of engagement were completed. The preference was not to return them to their original units where they might undermine
170:
In May 1913 a limited form of selective conscription was applied to the Muslim population of
Algeria. In theory, from this date, all young Muslim males were called to undertake three years of compulsory military service upon reaching the age of 18. However only about 2,000 conscripts a year were
878:
The uniforms of the various branches making up the Army of Africa ranged from the spectacular "tenue orientale" of the spahis, tirailleurs and zouaves to the ordinary French military dress of the chasseurs d'Afrique, Foreign Legion, Artillerie d'Afrique and
Infanterie LĂ©gĂšre d'Afrique. Even the
166:
In addition to the corps listed above, the Army of Africa included technical and support branches - notably artillery, engineers and train. Stationed permanently in North Africa these comprised a mixture of French and indigenous personnel that varied according to recruitment availability.
295:
Officers of the
African Light Infantry were seconded from other regiments as were some non-commissioned officers. Many NCOs were however former "Joyeux" who chose to remain with these unusual units and exercise authority, after they had completed their original terms of service.
174:
Officers of all branches of the Army of Africa were predominantly French
Europeans, though a certain number of commissioned positions up to and including the rank of captain were reserved for Muslim personnel in the spahis and tirailleurs. In 1932 the proportion of
813:
With
Moroccan and Tunisian independence in 1956, the Muslim personnel of the tirailleur and spahi units recruited in both countries were incorporated into their new national armies. This reduced the Army of Africa to the all professional Foreign Legion; the
369:
and nine of zouaves were on active service, along with elements of the
Foreign Legion and the African Light Infantry. Large numbers of these troops were sent immediately to serve in France, mainly drawn from the peacetime garrisons of Algeria and Tunisia.
904:; comprising white turbans, light blue zouave style jackets braided in yellow, red sashes and wide light blue or white Moorish trousers (see colour photograph above). The adoption of khaki uniforms, unlike the rest of the army who wore
1305:"Au total, à l'automne de 1944, la France finira par disposer d'une armée effective de 250 000 hommes composée pour moitié d'éléments indigÚnes, Maghrébins, Africains et pour moitié d'Européens d'Afrique du Nord", Philippe Masson,
891:
which made them stand out from the remainder of the French Army. Some of these features have survived as parade dress to the present day; notably the white cloaks and red sashes worn by the 1st Spahis, and the white kepis, fringed
280:(the "merry ones") these units were generally used for road and other construction work under harsh discipline. They were however used for combat service when circumstances demanded in Africa, Indochina and in France itself during
1467:. Trousers for footsoldiers. â In khaki cloth. In accordance with the pattern as stipulated in the descriptive notice sent on 5 October 1914, No. 2501 5/5. 2° OFFICERS ... Tunic. â In the same pattern as used by the
2647:
377:
and other units of the Army of Africa. In the course of the war a further 137,000 enlisted either as volunteers (57,000) or as wartime conscripts (80,000). Of the total of 170,000, 36,000 were killed.
220:(19e Corps d'Armée). It was one of 21 army corps of the Metropolitan Army formed in 1870. It was the only corps whose military district did not cover mainland France. As such it was separate from the
2642:
190:
reprisals against Muslim volunteers, largely nullified this attempted reform. Towards the end of the period of French rule in 1959 the personnel breakdown of a typical regiment of
216:
was formally part of the French metropolitan army comprising a separate army corps. It is noted that in 1873 the term Armée d'Afrique was used with reference to the troops of the
2601:
733:. During the French and German campaigns of 1944â45 the Army of Africa was expanded to 260,000 men (including 50% Indigenes and 50% white French settlers in North Africa,
417:
675:
As had been the case in 1914, substantial numbers of the Army of Africa were moved to mainland France on the outbreak of World War II. In May 1940 14 regiments of
2580:
1648:
639:
2519:
1932:
663:
2637:
1718:
730:
325:
In addition to the above, units or individuals from the mainland French Army were sometimes posted to service in North Africa, as were detachments of the
1777:
1626:
1922:
986:
1912:
937:
255:
246:
2545:
1592:
1514:
1495:
1431:
1344:
410:
1997:
1448:"Notice descriptive des nouveaux uniformes. (Décision ministérielle du 9 décembre 1914 mise à jour avec le modificatif du 28 janvier 1915)"
1239:
Jacques Sicard, pages 46â47 "Les
Bataillons d' Infanterie Legere d'Afrique et leurs insignes, 1832â1972", Militaria Magazine Septembre 1994
651:
187:
1230:
Jacques Sicard, page 46 "Les
Bataillons d' Infanterie Legere d'Afrique et leurs insignes, 1832â1972", Militaria Magazine Septembre 1994
2499:
1641:
1927:
1611:
1552:
1533:
1406:
1381:
1323:
1294:
1278:
1258:
1144:
1119:
1094:
1069:
1014:
163:
be expanded in the event of general mobilisation, and which were physically located closer to the geographical threat of
Germany.
158:). The divisions were not absolute and (for example) volunteers or conscripts from mainland France might choose to serve with the
1879:
403:
1753:
1680:
840:
until that Territory became independent in 1977. However, one regiment each of Chasseurs d'Afrique, Tirailleurs and artillery (
738:
726:
2445:
2351:
2632:
1798:
1793:
1788:
750:
742:
318:. The Foreign Legion provided mule mounted detachments for service in southern Algeria and, from 1940 to 1962, four of the
2532:
2504:
2045:
1767:
1748:
1634:
513:
37:
844:) have been re-established to maintain the traditions of their respective branches. In addition some units of engineers (
2596:
2591:
53:
2450:
2341:
1761:
1695:
1690:
353:
At the outbreak of war in August 1914, the Army of Africa in Algeria and Tunisia comprised nine regiments of Algerian
1981:
460:
2152:
1884:
1685:
603:
1917:
1810:
690:
Following the fall of France, the Army of Africa was reduced to a level of 120,000 under Axis direction. General
615:
506:
932:
155:
2611:
2386:
1783:
598:
217:
2494:
2274:
2167:
1743:
1738:
1733:
746:
574:
518:
2188:
2586:
2550:
2396:
2320:
2299:
2294:
2157:
2147:
2101:
1907:
1772:
1728:
981:
927:
557:
533:
333:
229:
221:
151:
31:
2525:
2363:
2509:
2304:
2254:
1675:
976:
684:
240:
2183:
2069:
523:
2249:
793:
2489:
2460:
2240:
2219:
2214:
2026:
1942:
1864:
1664:
862:. These appear however to be arbitrary linkages which do not reflect any real regimental continuity.
627:
472:
384:
on the Western Front was directed against the French 45th Division, consisting of zouaves, Algerian
2514:
2484:
2358:
2284:
2279:
2264:
2259:
2209:
2162:
2127:
1820:
770:
579:
545:
95:
224:
which came under the Ministry of Marine and comprised both French and indigenous units serving in
2567:
2137:
2122:
2117:
2085:
1854:
1205:
1179:
749:
and Foreign Legion), the 2nd and 4th Moroccan Infantry Divisions (Moroccan Tirailleurs), and the
718:
591:
538:
225:
42:
2562:
2289:
874:
A zouave in 1888, wearing "tenue orientale" with white summer trousers instead of the usual red.
826:
With the exception of a reduced Foreign Legion and one regiment of Spahis, all regiments of the
694:
was however able to maintain and train a further 60,000 men in French North Africa disguised as
2556:
2330:
2325:
2269:
2064:
2021:
1869:
1849:
1839:
1805:
1723:
1607:
1588:
1567:
1548:
1529:
1510:
1491:
1427:
1402:
1377:
1340:
1319:
1290:
1274:
1254:
1140:
1115:
1090:
1065:
1010:
837:
714:
632:
586:
567:
562:
489:
2439:
2415:
2381:
2335:
2229:
2224:
1889:
1874:
765:
served as independent units while artillery, engineer, commando, reconnaissance (mechanised
710:
695:
552:
501:
467:
345:
1545:
Zouaves et Tirailleurs: les régiments de marche et les régiments mixtes (1914-1918), Vol II
2193:
2132:
2016:
1962:
1526:
Zouaves et Tirailleurs: les régiments de marche et les régiments mixtes (1914-1918), Vol I
785:
781:
The Oran, Algiers and Constantine Divisions existed as divisions until at least 1955â57;
756:
482:
455:
450:
445:
288:
to work on fortifications, were rearmed in April 1940 and saw active service prior to the
86:
78:
1584:
1168:
Anthony Clayton, 'France, Soldiers, and Africa', Brassey's Defence Publishers, 1988, p.66
832:
were disbanded or lost their former identity between 1960 and 1965. A small unit of the
2407:
2142:
2056:
2037:
2008:
1973:
1954:
789:
691:
289:
65:
900:(regimental band) of the 1st Regiment of Tirailleurs still wears the full traditional
2626:
2391:
610:
528:
477:
194:
had stabilised at about 60% Muslim and European volunteers, enlisted under contract (
127:
17:
2421:
2346:
1859:
905:
797:
796:
in 1955â57, also being assistant commander of the 10th Military Region. During the
706:
381:
285:
183:
111:
769:
and tank destroyer units were drawn from the French and indigenous populations of
1463:. 1° OTHER RANKS ... Tunic. â In khaki cloth. In the same pattern as used by the
1447:
2606:
2539:
1844:
1659:
949:
680:
427:
327:
281:
139:
91:
46:
1471:. Trousers. â In khaki cloth. In the same pattern as used by the other ranks...
699:
265:
1571:
810:
Moroccan and Algerian spahis fought as infantry or halftrack armoured units.
964:
893:
734:
721:. North African units subsequently played a major role in the liberation of
306:
143:
58:
1289:
Ian Sumner & Francois Vauillier, page 13 The French Army 1939â45 (2),
1273:
Ian Sumner & Francois Vauillier, page 11 The French Army 1939â45 (1),
687:
and 13 battalions of African Light Infantry were serving on all fronts.
395:
2455:
2235:
959:
870:
762:
722:
147:
135:
107:
103:
99:
705:
From the end of 1942, the Army of Africa was headed by French general
373:
In 1914 33,000 Muslim Algerians were already serving with the spahis,
1206:"[Map of] Régions militaires et Corps d'Armée le 2 août 1914"
922:
888:
676:
362:
315:
314:(desert infantry and later mechanised troops) were maintained in the
159:
90:) was an unofficial but commonly used term for those portions of the
179:
was fixed at nine out of a total of 67 in each of these regiments.
954:
869:
766:
344:
239:
131:
64:
61:
wearing the historic uniform of this branch of the Army of Africa.
52:
36:
1184:
Chimiste â mon site consacrĂ© aux parcours de rĂ©giments en 1914â18
365:
and two of the Foreign Legion. In Morocco nineteen battalions of
1604:
The French Army in the First World War Volume I - to battle 1914
884:
880:
276:
were raised in 1832 for service in Algeria. Ironically known as
123:
1630:
1450:(in French). Paris: MinistĂšre de la Guerre. 1915. pp. 9â10
1210:
Grande Guerre : territoriaux bretons et normands du 87 DIT
399:
1112:
1er Regiment de Tirailleurs. Tirailleurs de l'Armee d'Afrique
1819:
879:
latter units were however distinguished by details such as
2648:
Military units and formations disestablished in the 1960s
349:
Early colour photograph of the French 3rd Zouaves in 1912
114:
in 1962, including units made up of indigenous recruits.
1424:
L'Armee d'Afrique. De 1830 a l'independence de l'Algerie
753:(Algerian and Tunisian Tirailleurs). In addition three
1087:
The French Army in the First World War â to battle 1914
1062:
The French Army in the First World War â to battle 1914
1007:
The French Army in the First World War â to battle 1914
27:
Term for portions of French Army in French North Africa
284:. Three battalions sent to France at the outbreak of
856:) have been accorded ties of tradition with the old
2643:
Army units and formations of France in World War II
2475:
2432:
2405:
2372:
2313:
2202:
2176:
2110:
2094:
2078:
2054:
2035:
2006:
1990:
1971:
1952:
1941:
1898:
1830:
1704:
1307:
L'homme en guerre, 1901â2001: de la Marne Ă Sarajev
908:was decided upon early during the First World War.
1507:Histoire de l'Armée française en Afrique 1830-1962
679:, 42 regiments of Algerian, Tunisian and Moroccan
57:Soldiers of the modern 1st Tirailleur regiment of
198:); plus 20% European and 20% Muslim conscripts (
41:Soldiers of the Army of Africa and the separate
269:discipline or brutalise their fellow soldiers.
1457:– via BibliothĂšque Nationale de France.
146:French settlers doing their military service (
1642:
1547:. Livet, Normandie: Editions des Argonautes.
1528:. Livet, Normandie: Editions des Argonautes.
411:
8:
1337:Dictionnaire des Compagnons de la Libération
857:
827:
804:
211:
1318:page 393 L'Armee d" Afrique 1830â1962 (1),
896:and blue sashes of the Foreign Legion. The
1949:
1649:
1635:
1627:
1623:, Historama, hors-série No. 10, 1970
418:
404:
396:
69:Algerian spahis of the Army of Africa 1886
380:On 22 April 1915 the first German use of
683:, 12 regiments and demi-brigades of the
1923:French Committee of National Liberation
1359:
1029:
997:
987:List of French possessions and colonies
122:The Army of Africa included indigenous
1913:French Civil and Military High Command
256:Battalions of Light Infantry of Africa
85:
7:
1998:Capture of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
800:they were upgraded to corps status.
2638:Army units and formations of France
1178:Chtimiste, Didier (1 August 2007).
842:68e RĂ©giment d'Artillerie d'Afrique
725:(September â October 1943) and the
1564:L'Armée d'Afrique : 1830-1962
1509:(in French). Paris: Albin Michel.
1159:Militaria no 463, Avril 2024, p.64
1050:Militaria no 463, Avril 2024, p.64
1041:Militaria no 463, Avril 2024, p.65
741:(Zouaves and Foreign Legion), the
25:
1928:Provisional Consultative Assembly
244:An illustration of troops of the
110:) from 1830 until the end of the
1658:
1374:The French Indochina War 1946â54
1309:, Editions du Rocher, 1997, p.23
272:The first two battalions of the
250:storming a fortification in 1833
142:); regiments largely made up of
887:covers and (for the chasseurs)
739:1st Motorized Infantry Division
713:before its merger with General
751:3rd Algerian Infantry Division
264:(African Light Infantry) were
182:In 1956, in the course of the
154:); and non-French volunteers (
1:
2602:Mediterranean and Middle East
2505:End of World War II in Europe
1768:French Forces of the Interior
1566:. Paris: Charles-Lavauzelle.
1490:. Washington: Brassey's Inc.
850:41e régiment de transmissions
1606:. Vienna: Verlag Militaria.
1543:Larcade, Jean-Louis (2001).
1524:Larcade, Jean-Louis (2000).
1212:(in French). 18 October 2012
777:Indo-China and Algerian Wars
388:and African Light Infantry.
1762:Francs-Tireurs et Partisans
1579:Lormier, Dominique (2006).
1488:France, Soldiers and Africa
1180:"RĂ©gions militaire en 1914"
938:Infanterie LĂ©gĂšre d'Afrique
834:Infanterie LĂ©gĂšre d'Afrique
274:Infanterie Legere d'Afrique
262:Infanterie LĂ©gĂšre d'Afrique
247:Infanterie LĂ©gĂšre d'Afrique
2664:
2153:Oradour-sur-Glane massacre
1885:Jean de Lattre de Tassigny
1778:French Expeditionary Corps
1562:Huré, Robert, ed. (1977).
1335:Vladimir Trouplin (2010).
731:French Expeditionary Corps
357:, four of zouaves, six of
253:
29:
2576:
2546:1946 legislative election
1918:French National Committee
1817:
1811:French Forces of the West
1671:
1602:Mirouze, Laurent (2007).
1505:Clayton, Anthony (1994).
1486:Clayton, Anthony (1988).
702:" and "unarmed workers".
652:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
436:
2563:Trial of Philippe PĂ©tain
2490:1945 municipal elections
2387:Liberation of Strasbourg
1581:C'est nous les Africains
1399:The Algerian War 1954â62
1137:The Algerian War 1954â62
49:French propaganda poster
30:Not to be confused with
2280:Liberation of Marseille
1469:troupes métropolitaines
1465:troupes métropolitaines
2520:Provisional Government
2184:Liberation of Saint-LĂŽ
2158:Maquis de Saint-Marcel
2138:Liberation of Limousin
2102:Battle of Mont Mouchet
2086:Liberation of Limousin
1982:SyriaâLebanon campaign
1933:Provisional Government
1908:Empire Defense Council
1824:
1773:French Liberation Army
982:French Colonial Empire
875:
858:
854:511e régiment du train
828:
805:
440:Africa and Middle East
350:
334:Tirailleurs Senegalais
320:Compagnies Sahariennes
312:Compagnies Sahariennes
251:
236:African Light Infantry
230:French colonial empire
222:French Colonial Forces
212:
82:
70:
62:
50:
32:Army of Africa (Spain)
2510:Victory in Europe Day
2189:Battle of Mont Gargan
2046:Liberation of Corsica
1823:
1799:4th Moroccan Mountain
1794:3rd Algerian Infantry
1789:2nd Moroccan Infantry
977:French colonial flags
873:
846:31e régiment du génie
743:1st Armoured Division
622:Indian Ocean and Asia
348:
243:
228:and elsewhere in the
87:[aÊmedâżafÊik]
68:
56:
40:
2495:Advance to the Rhine
2300:Battle of Montélimar
2295:Liberation of Guéret
2275:Liberation of Toulon
2148:Liberation of Guéret
1865:Dwight D. Eisenhower
1665:Liberation of France
1426:. pp. 431â432.
747:Chasseurs d' Afrique
192:tirailleurs Algerien
18:Armée d'Afrique
2500:Invasion of Germany
2364:Battle of Meximieux
2359:Battle of Arracourt
2321:Liberation of Nancy
2285:Liberation of Paris
2265:Battle of La Ciotat
2260:Battle of Port Cros
2225:Liberation of Brest
2210:Battle for Brittany
2128:Battle of Cherbourg
1251:The First World War
928:Chasseurs d'Afrique
783:General de division
771:French North Africa
359:chasseurs d'Afrique
177:officiers indigenes
152:chasseurs d'Afrique
96:French North Africa
2568:Klaus Barbie trial
2305:Liberation of Nice
2123:Battle of Carentan
2118:Operation Overlord
1855:Bernard Montgomery
1825:
1422:Montagon, Pierre.
1401:. pp. 17â20.
1376:. pp. 14â16.
876:
836:was maintained in
790:fr:Raymond Delange
719:Free French Forces
709:and fought in the
351:
260:The battalions of
252:
226:Sub-Saharan Africa
71:
63:
51:
2620:
2619:
2557:Trente Glorieuses
2533:Ăpuration sauvage
2471:
2470:
2331:Operation Undergo
2326:Operation Astonia
2270:Provence landings
2070:Battle of GliĂšres
2065:Battle of Vercors
2027:Battle of RĂ©union
2022:Tunisian campaign
1870:Raymond O. Barton
1850:Winston Churchill
1840:Charles de Gaulle
1594:978-2-70-213649-2
1516:978-2-28-600869-7
1497:978-0-08-034748-6
1461:Troupes d'Afrique
1433:978-2-7564-0574-2
1397:Windrow, Martin.
1372:Windrow, Martin.
1346:978-2-35639-033-2
1135:Windrow, Martin.
1085:Mirouze, Lauent.
1060:Mirouze, Lauent.
1005:Mirouze, Lauent.
852:) and transport (
838:French Somaliland
822:Post-Algerian War
737:), including the
729:(1943â44) in the
715:Charles de Gaulle
672:
671:
664:Wallis and Futuna
16:(Redirected from
2655:
2526:Ăpuration lĂ©gale
2478:
2440:Atlantic pockets
2416:Atlantic pockets
2382:Battle of Alsace
2336:Atlantic pockets
2230:Atlantic pockets
2168:Battle of Ushant
2163:Maquis de Saffré
1950:
1901:
1890:Philippe Kieffer
1880:Philippe Leclerc
1875:George S. Patton
1833:
1719:Commando Kieffer
1707:
1663:
1662:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1628:
1617:
1598:
1575:
1558:
1539:
1520:
1501:
1474:
1473:
1456:
1455:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1332:
1326:
1316:
1310:
1303:
1297:
1287:
1281:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1110:Dufour, Pierre.
1107:
1101:
1100:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1057:
1051:
1048:
1042:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1002:
944:Indigenous units
933:LĂ©gion Ă©trangĂšre
861:
831:
808:
794:Algiers Division
792:) commanded the
727:Italian Campaign
711:Tunisia Campaign
696:auxiliary police
431:
420:
413:
406:
397:
215:
156:LĂ©gion Ă©trangĂšre
89:
21:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2633:Armée d'Afrique
2623:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2572:
2551:Fourth Republic
2476:
2467:
2428:
2401:
2374:
2368:
2309:
2290:Maillé massacre
2198:
2194:Operation Cobra
2172:
2133:Battle for Caen
2106:
2090:
2074:
2050:
2031:
2017:Operation Torch
2002:
1986:
1967:
1963:Battle of Gabon
1944:
1937:
1899:
1894:
1831:
1826:
1815:
1784:1st Free French
1705:
1700:
1667:
1657:
1655:
1614:
1601:
1595:
1578:
1561:
1555:
1542:
1536:
1523:
1517:
1504:
1498:
1485:
1482:
1477:
1453:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1434:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1384:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1317:
1313:
1304:
1300:
1288:
1284:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1253:. p. 214.
1248:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1189:
1187:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1089:. p. 186.
1084:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1064:. p. 186.
1059:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1028:
1024:
1017:
1009:. p. 186.
1004:
1003:
999:
995:
973:
946:
919:
914:
902:tenue orientale
868:
859:ArmĂ©e dâAfrique
829:ArmĂ©e dâAfrique
824:
806:ArmĂ©e dâAfrique
786:Raymond Delange
779:
698:, "provisional
673:
668:
432:
426:
424:
394:
343:
302:
258:
238:
218:19th Army Corps
213:ArmĂ©e dâAfrique
208:
120:
83:ArmĂ©e dâAfrique
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2661:
2659:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2625:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2581:WW II theatres
2577:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2481:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2412:
2410:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2378:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2143:Tulle massacre
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2061:
2059:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2042:
2040:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2013:
2011:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1978:
1976:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1959:
1957:
1947:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1904:
1902:
1900:Administration
1896:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1836:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1734:3rd Army Corps
1731:
1721:
1716:
1714:Army of Africa
1710:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1599:
1593:
1576:
1559:
1553:
1540:
1534:
1521:
1515:
1502:
1496:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1439:
1432:
1414:
1407:
1389:
1382:
1364:
1352:
1345:
1327:
1311:
1298:
1282:
1266:
1259:
1249:Keegan, John.
1241:
1232:
1223:
1197:
1170:
1161:
1152:
1145:
1139:. p. 20.
1127:
1120:
1114:. p. 79.
1102:
1095:
1077:
1070:
1052:
1043:
1034:
1032:, p. 157.
1022:
1015:
996:
994:
991:
990:
989:
984:
979:
972:
969:
968:
967:
962:
957:
952:
945:
942:
941:
940:
935:
930:
925:
918:
917:European units
915:
913:
910:
867:
864:
823:
820:
778:
775:
692:Maxime Weygand
685:Foreign Legion
670:
669:
667:
666:
660:
659:
655:
654:
648:
647:
643:
642:
637:
630:
624:
623:
619:
618:
613:
608:
601:
596:
595:
594:
584:
583:
582:
577:
565:
560:
555:
550:
549:
548:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
504:
498:
497:
493:
492:
487:
480:
475:
470:
465:
458:
453:
448:
442:
441:
437:
434:
433:
425:
423:
422:
415:
408:
400:
393:
390:
342:
339:
304:Camel mounted
301:
298:
290:Fall of France
254:Main article:
237:
234:
207:
204:
119:
116:
75:Army of Africa
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2660:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2613:
2612:Sino Japanese
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2597:Eastern Front
2595:
2593:
2592:Western Front
2590:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2474:
2462:
2461:Saint-Nazaire
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2404:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2392:Colmar Pocket
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2242:
2241:Saint-Nazaire
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1829:
1822:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1754:32nd Infantry
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1729:Cavalry Corps
1727:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1652:
1647:
1645:
1640:
1638:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1622:
1621:Les Africains
1619:
1615:
1613:2-9515171-0-6
1609:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1556:
1554:2-95-151711-4
1550:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1535:2-95-151710-6
1531:
1527:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1449:
1443:
1440:
1435:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1408:1-85532-658-2
1404:
1400:
1393:
1390:
1385:
1383:1-85532-789-9
1379:
1375:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1353:
1348:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1324:1-85532-666-3
1321:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1295:1-85532-707-4
1292:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1279:1-85532-666-3
1276:
1270:
1267:
1262:
1260:0-09-180178-8
1256:
1252:
1245:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1185:
1181:
1174:
1171:
1165:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1148:
1146:1-85532-658-2
1142:
1138:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1121:2-7025-0439-6
1117:
1113:
1106:
1103:
1098:
1096:2-9515171-0-6
1092:
1088:
1081:
1078:
1073:
1071:2-9515171-0-6
1067:
1063:
1056:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1023:
1018:
1016:2-9515171-0-6
1012:
1008:
1001:
998:
992:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
974:
970:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
947:
943:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
920:
916:
911:
909:
907:
903:
899:
898:fanfare-nouba
895:
890:
886:
882:
872:
865:
863:
860:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
830:
821:
819:
817:
811:
807:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
784:
776:
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
758:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
703:
701:
697:
693:
688:
686:
682:
678:
665:
662:
661:
657:
656:
653:
650:
649:
646:North America
645:
644:
641:
638:
636:
635:
631:
629:
626:
625:
621:
620:
617:
614:
612:
611:Colmar Pocket
609:
607:
606:
602:
600:
597:
593:
590:
589:
588:
585:
581:
578:
576:
573:
572:
571:
570:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
547:
544:
543:
542:
541:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
519:Monte Cassino
517:
515:
512:
510:
509:
505:
503:
502:Eastern Front
500:
499:
495:
494:
491:
488:
486:
485:
481:
479:
478:Run for Tunis
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
463:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
443:
439:
438:
435:
429:
421:
416:
414:
409:
407:
402:
401:
398:
391:
389:
387:
383:
378:
376:
371:
368:
364:
360:
356:
347:
340:
338:
336:
335:
330:
329:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
308:
300:Desert troops
299:
297:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
270:
267:
263:
257:
249:
248:
242:
235:
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
214:
206:Formal status
205:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
180:
178:
172:
168:
164:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
130:volunteers; (
129:
125:
117:
115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
94:stationed in
93:
88:
84:
80:
76:
67:
60:
55:
48:
44:
43:Colonial Army
39:
33:
19:
2555:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2485:End of Vichy
1860:Henri Giraud
1760:
1713:
1620:
1603:
1585:Calmann-LĂ©vy
1580:
1563:
1544:
1525:
1506:
1487:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1458:
1452:. Retrieved
1442:
1423:
1417:
1398:
1392:
1373:
1367:
1360:Clayton 1988
1355:
1336:
1330:
1314:
1306:
1301:
1285:
1269:
1250:
1244:
1235:
1226:
1214:. Retrieved
1209:
1200:
1188:. Retrieved
1183:
1173:
1164:
1155:
1136:
1130:
1111:
1105:
1086:
1080:
1061:
1055:
1046:
1037:
1030:Larcade 2000
1025:
1006:
1000:
906:horizon blue
901:
897:
877:
853:
849:
848:), signals (
845:
841:
833:
825:
815:
812:
802:
798:Algerian War
782:
780:
754:
707:Henri Giraud
704:
689:
674:
633:
604:
568:
558:Saint-Marcel
539:
534:Mont Mouchet
507:
483:
461:
392:World War II
385:
382:chlorine gas
379:
374:
372:
366:
358:
354:
352:
332:
326:
324:
319:
311:
305:
303:
294:
286:World War II
277:
273:
271:
261:
259:
245:
209:
199:
195:
191:
184:Algerian War
181:
176:
173:
169:
165:
121:
112:Algerian War
74:
72:
2540:Tripartisme
2515:Victory Day
2451:La Rochelle
2342:La Rochelle
1845:Jean Moulin
1806:Second Army
1780:Divisions:
1749:1st Armored
1691:Netherlands
1216:25 November
1190:25 November
1186:(in French)
950:Tirailleurs
755:groupes de
681:tirailleurs
428:Free French
386:tirailleurs
375:tirailleurs
367:tirailleurs
355:Tirailleurs
341:World War I
328:Gendarmerie
282:World War I
266:penal units
140:tirailleurs
118:Composition
92:French Army
47:World War I
2627:Categories
2375:March 1945
2373:Nov 1944 -
2220:Saint-Malo
2079:March 1944
1724:First Army
1686:Luxembourg
1454:2021-07-30
1339:. Elytis.
993:References
965:Meharistes
894:epaulettes
700:conscripts
599:Strasbourg
580:Marseilles
473:Bir Hakeim
361:, four of
307:Meharistes
278:les Joyeux
2477:Aftermath
2314:Sept 1944
2177:July 1944
1583:. Paris:
1572:757208988
759:marocains
735:Pied-Noir
640:Indochina
430:campaigns
144:pied-noir
2587:Atlantic
2433:May 1945
2255:Ăgletons
2203:Aug 1944
2111:Jun 1944
2095:May 1944
1991:Dec 1941
1945:campaign
971:See also
960:Goumiers
883:, white
866:Uniforms
763:Goumiers
605:Nordwind
592:Dompaire
587:Lorraine
540:Overlord
462:Exporter
331:and the
136:Goumiers
2607:Pacific
2456:Lorient
2446:Dunkirk
2352:Dunkirk
2236:Lorient
1832:Leaders
1676:Belgium
1480:Sources
923:Zouaves
723:Corsica
677:zouaves
658:Oceania
634:Crimson
628:RĂ©union
569:Dragoon
563:Vercors
524:GliĂšres
514:Corsica
490:Tunisia
200:appeles
196:engages
148:zouaves
108:Tunisia
104:Algeria
100:Morocco
2397:Bitche
2250:Lioran
2215:Rennes
1943:French
1706:Forces
1696:Norway
1610:
1591:
1570:
1551:
1532:
1513:
1494:
1459:II. â
1430:
1405:
1380:
1343:
1322:
1293:
1277:
1257:
1143:
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1093:
1068:
1013:
955:Spahis
889:fezzes
881:sashes
767:Spahis
757:tabors
575:Toulon
496:Europe
363:spahis
316:Sahara
160:Muslim
132:spahis
128:Berber
79:French
59:Ăpinal
2422:Royan
2347:Royan
2036:Sept
1681:Italy
912:Units
816:colon
546:Paris
508:Husky
484:Torch
468:Kufra
456:Keren
451:Gabon
446:Dakar
310:plus
2408:1945
2406:Apr
2057:1944
2055:Jan
2038:1943
2009:1942
2007:Nov
1974:1941
1972:Jun
1955:1940
1953:Nov
1608:ISBN
1589:ISBN
1568:OCLC
1549:ISBN
1530:ISBN
1511:ISBN
1492:ISBN
1428:ISBN
1403:ISBN
1378:ISBN
1341:ISBN
1320:ISBN
1291:ISBN
1275:ISBN
1255:ISBN
1218:2020
1192:2020
1141:ISBN
1116:ISBN
1091:ISBN
1066:ISBN
1011:ISBN
885:kepi
803:The
616:Alps
553:Elba
210:The
150:and
138:and
124:Arab
106:and
73:The
45:. A
1744:5th
1739:4th
761:of
717:'s
529:Ist
202:).
188:FLN
126:or
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