937:
division launched the main attack through a gap in the
Spanish right-center. PĂ©rignon gained the summits behind the Spanish defenses and on 1 May the entire position collapsed. On 26 May, Sauret and La Barre recaptured Collioure after a 25-day siege. By the terms of capitulation, the 7,000-man Spanish garrison was to be exchanged for an equal number of French prisoners, neither side being able to employ the exchanged troops against the other side. But after the return of the Spanish prisoners, de la Union reneged on the agreement, claiming that it was void without his consent. Besides, he argued, the repatriated Spanish troops could not serve against France while the repatriated French could fight against other enemies. A furious Dugommier now asked his government to declare a "war to the death" and the
945:
798:. The representatives reappointed d'Aoust as army commander and he launched a number of futile attacks on the Spanish army in the fall. There was a battle at Le Boulou on 3 October where Ricardos lost 300 killed and wounded out of 15,000 troops while d'Aoust's army lost 400 killed and 800 wounded out of 16,000. Turreau arrived to take command on 11 October and found that the representatives were not pleased with his coming. He saw the degree to which the representatives had taken control of the army and used a bureaucratic oversight by the War Ministry as an excuse to stay on the sidelines. Meanwhile, he let d'Aoust conduct operations while sending letters to the War Minister complaining about d'Aoust and the representatives.
766:
909:
620:. This may have been because of the lack of officers from the regular army establishment and because the representatives were local men who wanted to promote their personal friends. Their arrogance was almost beyond belief. Raymond Gaston boasted, "I know neither Generals nor special powers. As to the Minister, he is like a dog on a race course. I alone should command here, and I shall be obeyed." His colleague Claude Dominique CĂ´me Fabre described the army commanders-in-chief as "useless" and wished the office to be abolished. Joseph Guiter asserted, "What good are Generals? The women of our
997:
attacking in six columns. This time the struggle lasted 16 hours in which
Augereau was nearly driven from the field but held it at the end. The French took only 140 prisoners and killed 1,336 of their enemies. Sauret had repelled an attack on his wing while Victor's brigade had repulsed a seaborne assault on the coast. At last, Dugommier ordered Augereau to abandon the cannon foundry and move toward the center. Bellegarde proved to be a tough nut to crack and its 1,000 surviving defenders only capitulated on 17 September. The French won a decisive victory at the
1002:
shell that morning, PĂ©rignon took command of the army and called off the attack for two days. General of
Division Jean Baptiste Beaufort de Thorigny took command of the center. On the 20th, Augereau's assault recommenced and captured the key Roure redoubt. De la Union led his cavalry in a countercharge and was later found dead with two bullet wounds. Taking few prisoners, the French massacred 8,000 of their foes as they overran all the defensive works on the left and center. The undefeated Spanish right wing under Lieutenant General
960:(San Lorenzo de la Muga), seizing the cannon foundry there. Dugommier disapproved of this move while PĂ©rignon besieged Bellegarde, but he allowed Augereau stay in this exposed position. On 19 May de la Union tried to surround Augereau's 6,000 troops with 15,000 men in seven columns. Though the encircling columns reached their positions behind the French, it did not matter. Augereau's men smashed the Spanish columns in their front with heavy losses and de la Union's attack failed. PĂ©rignon fought the Spanish at
1023:
571:
679:
870:. Dugommier established supply depots, hospitals, and arsenals, and constructed roads. The army's reorganization and resupply was necessary because seven-eighths of the infantry's muskets had no bayonets, the artillery was badly armed, the cavalry and wagon train's horses were starving because of a lack of forage, the food supply was intermittent and the men's uniforms were in poor condition. After receiving reinforcements from the
37:
61:
851:
754:'s 6,000 men. Since Spanish had occupied Vernet on the outskirts of Perpignan, d'Aoust attacked and recaptured this position in the morning. In the evening d'Aoust, Goguet and Representative Joseph Cassanyes improvised a successful assault on the camp at Peyrestortes, driving the Spanish forces south of the
1067:. Augereau's division intervened and forced back the victorious Spanish. Unwisely, Schérer then began building a line of defenses in marshy ground which caused hundreds of his troops to sicken with fever. With a column of between 7,000 and 9,000 men, Cuesta wiped out the French garrisons at Puigcerdà and
1058:
on 3 March. They were aware of the rivalry between PĂ©rignon and
Augereau and preferred someone from another army to assume army command. Pérignon gave way with good grace, but was not successful in his subsequent operations. Schérer did not take up his new command until 31 May. The French government
1001:
fought from 17 to 20 November. Uniquely, both army commanders
Dugommier and de la Union were killed in action. The French had 36,700 troops to oppose 46,000 entrenched Spanish. Augereau began the attack at dawn on the 17th and began rolling up the Spanish left. After Dugommier was killed by a Spanish
806:, another ex-doctor. Not wanting to wait for Turreau's successor, the representatives reappointed d'Aoust to command from 22 to 27 November. Doppet came to take command on 28 November but was practically ignored by the representatives on mission. On 7 December, d'Aoust with 10,000 men was defeated at
996:
killed. Augereau led 9,000 men on the right, PĂ©rignon had 16,000 troops in the center while Sauret commanded 9,000 on the left. The
Spanish attacked with 45,000 troops including 4,000 cavalry. De la Union tried to overwhelm Augereau with 22,000 men but made the same mistake as in the May attack by
831:
was betrayed to the
Spanish by its traitorous commander. D'Aoust ordered a retreat on the 21st but the Spanish harassed it severely. Finally, the French fought their way back to the safety of Perpignan but their total losses in the debacle were 7,700 men and 23 guns. The government singled out the
1034:
lasted from 21 November until 3 February 1795 when the
Spanish fleet evacuated the garrison by sea. The operation was conducted by Sauret and 13,261 men while the city was defended by Lieutenant General Domingo Izquierdo and 4,000 troops. French losses were not reported while the Spanish lost 113
936:
from 30 April to 1 May 1794 was a French victory. The
Spanish suffered 2,000 killed and wounded while losing 1,500 prisoners, 140 artillery pieces and their entire wagon train. On 29 April Dugommier's feint attack on the Spanish left led de la Union to reinforce that wing. The next day PĂ©rignon's
810:
by
Ricardos with 8,000 Spanish and Portuguese troops. The Allies lost only 56 casualties while inflicting losses of 340 killed and wounded, 312 missing, 26 guns, two colors and 2,000 muskets on the French. Doppet decided to pull back to Perpignan for the winter under cover of a spoiling attack on
811:
Villelongue. D'Aoust led the attack on 18 December which overran the Portuguese camp and slaughtered its garrison. Doppet soon came down with illness and spent the next two and a half months in bed recovering. D'Aoust was finally in full command just in time to be blamed for a disaster. In the
841:
and Pierre Soubrany celebrated their arrival by purging the army of both good and bad army officers. However, they subsequently did a better job of keeping the army supplied while letting the army officers do their work. D'Aoust fell victim to the guillotine on 2 July 1794.
980:
to help. Doppet got away but Lemoine was nearly trapped, having to be rescued by 1,200 men under Lannes. During this operation Cuesta probed the French Cerdagne but was repulsed. On 15 September, General of Division Étienne Charlet took command of the
781:
on the Tech because he feared getting cut off from Spain. But when the Spanish commander recommended a retreat into Spanish territory, his government insisted that he hold his position. About this time the Spanish army was reinforced by 6,000
836:
for disapproval despite the fact that its representatives were in large part responsible for the defeats. D'Aoust was arrested and the representatives on mission were recalled, except Fabre who was killed at Collioure. New representatives
1088:
along with Schérer, who was named to command that army on 31 August. Many of the volunteers took the opportunity of deserting when they marched through their own communities. In addition to Pérignon, Augereau, Victor and Lannes, Captain
156:
801:
On 17 November Dagobert was arrested for disagreeing with the representatives. He was eventually acquitted and returned to his division where he died on 18 April 1794. Meanwhile, on 3 November the government replaced Turreau with
777:. The Spanish were victorious and lost 2,000 killed and wounded while claiming to have inflicted 3,000 killed and wounded on the French as well as capturing 1,500 men and 10 guns. Even though he had won, Ricardos retreated to
674:
west of Perpignan. On 7 August the representatives on mission removed Flers for the crime of "having lost the confidence of the citizen-soldiers". He was sent to Paris where he was guillotined on 22 July 1794.
149:
742:
to lead the army. To fill the command vacuum, the representatives on mission called for the return of Dagobert from the Cerdagne, appointed d'Aoust as temporary commander and named General of Brigade
2048:
142:
1063:
conducted the main offensive. On 15 June Scherer began a movement for the purpose of foraging. Thinking that the French were attacking, Urrutia assaulted the French center and defeated it at the
874:
army, Dugommier counted a field army 28,000 strong, backed by 20,000 garrison troops and 9,000 untrained volunteers. He formed his troops into three infantry divisions under Generals of Division
605:
Claude Souchon de Chameron was appointed to lead the local forces on 25 April and he took interim command of the newly created army from 1 to 13 May. Chameron was arrested later and sent to the
2043:
41:
View from Fort de Bellegarde in the Pyrenees. Spanish territory is in the right foreground; the rest belongs to France. During the fighting, the French first lost, then regained Bellegarde.
1039:
performed notable service as a military engineer. The mid-winter siege led to heavy desertion among the newly conscripted soldiers. On 1 March PĂ©rignon probed the Spanish defenses on the
690:
accepted the army command from the representatives on mission, assuring them that he wanted to "wash out his original sin" of being an aristocrat. At the same time, General of Division
601:
blamed La Houlière for the fiasco and removed him from command. The distraught La Houlière put a gun to his head and killed himself on 18 June 1793. The old soldier was 76 years old.
414:
had enormous powers and used them to interfere with the military effort and to arrest officers that they deemed unpatriotic or unsuccessful. In 1794, the army's fortunes improved when
941:
voted that Spanish prisoners were to be executed. For a while, some units carried out the order very thoroughly, but the Spanish refused to murder French prisoners in retaliation.
1082:
numbered 36,491 men. After the peace treaty, about 12,000 soldiers in 51 weak battalions were left in the south. Another 15,000 troops in 53 battalions were transferred to the
638:
took command of the army which numbered 12,000 men of whom only 9,000 were armed. Five days later, Ricardos with 15,000 troops attacked and beat 5,000 French soldiers at the
642:. After the action, the defeated troops were seized by a sudden panic and stampeded back to Perpignan in utter confusion. Meanwhile, Ricardos turned back to reduce the
1097:
General of Division Charles Pierre de Lamer particularly praised Lannes as a talented leader. Other officers of the army who had distinguished military careers were
886:. He placed General of Division André de La Barre in charge of his 2,500 cavalry troopers. Both Pérignon and Augereau, as well their subordinates General of Brigade
2053:
787:
734:
to look for reinforcements. Finally, Barbantane wrote his resignation which was accepted. He was of course arrested, but amazingly he avoided the guillotine.
1492:
1367:
1636:
722:
to the northwest. Instead of seeing an opportunity to strike at the dispersed Spanish army, Barbantane was seized with fright. Leaving General of Division
929:
365:
on 22 July 1795, the fighting ended and the army was dissolved on 12 October that same year. Many of its units and generals were transferred to join the
235:
2038:
1075:
on 22 July. The news of the peace arrived on 30 July to the relief of the French and the annoyance of the Spanish, who finally had hopes of success.
1035:
killed, 470 wounded, 1,160 sick and 300 captured. The last group of men were caught because Victor was alert and drove off the last convoy of boats.
758:
and capturing 500 men, 43 guns and seven colors. The cautious Ricardos never budged while his camps were being overrun and the French soon recovered
1043:
but was driven back. He asked the government for reinforcements of 10,000 foot and 2,000 horse with which he proposed to drive Lieutenant General
658:
on 17 July. He intended to unnerve the French by bombarding them with 100 field pieces. In the event, the French artillery under the direction of
794:
but the representatives forbade this. Enraged by this meddling, Dagobert resigned the army command on 29 September and resumed leadership of the
2033:
1992:
1306:
1217:
1055:
773:
Dagobert returned to Perpignan on 19 September. He led his 22,000-man army to attack Ricardos' 17,000 Spanish troops on 22 September in the
124:
240:
1985:
The Armies of the First French Republic: Volume III The Armies in the West 1793 to 1797 And, The Armies In The South 1793 to March 1796
1299:
The Armies of the First French Republic: Volume III The Armies in the West 1793 to 1797 And, The Armies In The South 1793 to March 1796
1210:
875:
435:
120:
2014:
1970:
1923:
1721:
1680:
1350:
1278:
1140:
921:
687:
666:
involved 12,000 French and 15,000 Spanish troops. Despite his victory, Flers' reputation was damaged by his former association with
654:
occupied the invaders from 23 May until the place fell on 24 June. With his supply line to Spain secure, Ricardos moved against the
1044:
628:
to be sent from Paris to be distributed within the army as "Civic Apostles" where they stirred up trouble among the enlisted men.
1036:
989:
976:
on 11 June. Doppet took too long and, when de la Union moved against him, Augereau had to send a column under General of Brigade
838:
816:
659:
1186:
803:
443:
255:
300:
1150:
691:
765:
1196:
859:
667:
520:
415:
116:
2058:
1003:
998:
537:
431:
351:
272:
250:
1162:
1106:
743:
326:
305:
277:
1156:
723:
112:
944:
706:
on 28 August. Meanwhile, Ricardos pursued a strategy of surrounding Perpignan by fortified camps. He built camps at
1090:
1031:
957:
663:
651:
598:
506:
478:
411:
395:
387:
190:
1496:
1640:
1414:
883:
230:
570:
245:
1064:
828:
759:
671:
586:
447:
287:
267:
751:
616:
was in the grip of its representatives on mission, "to an extent unknown elsewhere", according to historian
225:
1146:
After Barbantane's desertion, the army was briefly split into independent divisions, 12–18 September 1793
1133:
1084:
863:
807:
747:
635:
399:
367:
295:
210:
200:
108:
498:
215:
65:
1006:
was also compelled to retreat. The French lost about 3,000 killed and wounded. PĂ©rignon quickly seized
925:
908:
1980:
1550:
1294:
1114:
887:
727:
617:
515:
470:
357:
1415:"Generals Who Served in the French Army during the Period 1789–1815: Cervoni to Custine de Sarreck"
1176:
1125:
The leaders of the Army of the Eastern Pyrenees and their dates of command are listed as follows.
1068:
938:
902:
812:
791:
783:
739:
632:
546:
490:
346:
282:
220:
195:
166:
91:
1371:
446:. After these events the front became static and the last notable action was a Spanish victory at
1418:
1011:
953:
898:
774:
643:
602:
462:
439:
423:
403:
372:
205:
1098:
707:
1270:
2010:
1988:
1966:
1919:
1911:
1717:
1709:
1676:
1668:
1346:
1302:
1274:
1110:
993:
699:
639:
383:
185:
738:
later described him as "useless". In the crisis, the government sent for General of Division
17:
1200:
1102:
933:
582:
502:
494:
419:
330:
928:
died on 23 March of a stomach ailment while traveling to take command. Lieutenant General
879:
579:
542:
466:
1637:"Generals Who Served in the French Army during the Period 1789–1815: Abbatucci to Azemar"
1040:
430:. After establishing itself on Spanish territory, the army won a decisive victory at the
1059:
determined that the army would stand on the defensive without reinforcements, while the
1960:
1368:"Generals Who Served in the French Army during the Period 1789–1815: MacDonald – Mayer"
1263:
1094:
1072:
755:
362:
2027:
977:
965:
920:
for a conference, Ricardos died on 13 March 1794 supposedly from poison intended for
1493:"Generals Who Served in the French Army during the Period 1789–1815: Fabre to Fyons"
1956:
1258:
1117:. The army was dissolved on 12 October 1795 at which time Lamer was its commander.
968:
replaced him as head of the cavalry. Doppet, who took command of the 12,886-strong
824:
719:
407:
703:
1942:
1397:
1232:
578:
At first the war went badly for France. A Spanish column of 4,500 soldiers under
2002:
1952:
1338:
1254:
961:
952:
On 6 May, Augereau's division drove two Spanish line battalions and about 1,000
894:
474:
992:
on 13 August. The French sustained 800 casualties including General of Brigade
553:
in the west, assigning Mathieu Henri Marchant de La Houlière to take charge at
606:
594:
510:
458:
334:
36:
670:
who had defected to the enemy. At this time the Spanish captured the town of
1014:
into surrendering on 28 November with 9,000 Spanish prisoners and 171 guns.
820:
778:
711:
585:
invaded France on 17 April 1793, driving a French garrison from the town of
554:
427:
391:
342:
1054:
The government's response was to replace PĂ©rignon with General of Division
964:
on 7 June, in an action that saw the death of La Barre. General of Brigade
1223:
General of Division Charles Pierre de Lamer, 16 September–12 October 1795
1007:
735:
731:
695:
590:
528:
338:
858:
On 16 January 1794, the French government appointed General of Division
891:
750:
on 17 September, d'Aoust with 8,000 troops defeated Lieutenant General
678:
625:
550:
532:
523:. On 30 April 1793, the army was divided into two separate armies. The
361:
at the end of April 1793 soon after the war started. Shortly after the
850:
461:
and another died of disease. Five officers from the army later became
134:
1048:
973:
917:
871:
715:
457:. Aside from Dugommier's death in battle, three were executed by the
60:
1944:
Tableaux des armées françaises pendant les guerres de la Révolution
1399:
Tableaux des armées françaises pendant les guerres de la Révolution
1234:
Tableaux des armées françaises pendant les guerres de la Révolution
1022:
650:
under the walls of Perpignan where his drilled his 12,000 men. The
589:. On 20 April, Ricardos routed 1,800 unsteady French soldiers from
1021:
943:
907:
849:
764:
726:
in charge of Perpignan, Barbantane retreated with one division to
677:
569:
418:
took command. The army drove the Spanish army from France soil at
434:
in November during which Dugommier was killed. His replacement,
1667:
Ostermann, Georges (1987). "PĂ©rignon: The Unknown Marshal". In
1192:
General of Division d'Aoust, 21 December 1793 – 15 January 1794
1093:
of the cavalry also became a marshal under Napoleon. Schérer's
497:
outraged the ancient monarchies of Europe. Even so, it was the
138:
1549:
Smith (1998), pp. 56–57. Smith misspelled d'Aoust as Davout.
1708:
Horward, Donald D. (1987). "Lannes: Roland of the Army". In
1129:
General of Brigade Claude Souchon de Chameron, 1–13 May 1793
1402:. Paris: Librarie Militaire R. Chapelot et Cie. p. 23.
827:
on 20 December, inflicting 4,000 casualties on the French.
790:. Dagobert tried to outflank the Spanish by a move through
406:
and in other actions, the Spanish invaders withdrew to the
1469:
Smith (1998), p. 49. Smith called it the skirmish of Niel.
988:
De la Union's attempt to relieve Bellegarde failed at the
746:, a former doctor, to lead the division at Salses. In the
1172:
General of Division d'Aoust, 29 September–11 October 1793
682:
The Battle of Truillas was fought on 22 September 1793.
662:
outdueled the Spanish guns and Ricardos withdrew. The
624:
know as much as they do." Fabre demanded and got 100
541:
defended territory between the upper Garonne and the
2049:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1795
1935:
Ostermann, Georges. "PĂ©rignon: The Unknown Marshal".
453:
The war took a severe toll on the commanders of the
102:
97:
87:
79:
71:
54:
46:
29:
1262:
1169:General of Division Dagobert, 18–28 September 1793
815:, a Spanish corps commanded by Lieutenant General
394:. Then the French repelled two Spanish attacks at
2044:Military units and formations established in 1793
694:was sent inland with 3,000 reinforcements to the
1932:Horward, Donald D. "Lannes: Roland of the Army".
1301:. USA: Pickle Partners Publishing. p. 133.
1182:General of Division d'Aoust, 22–27 November 1793
866:began a thorough reorganization of the ill-used
1947:. Paris: Librarie Militaire R. Chapelot et Cie.
1716:. New York, N.Y.: Macmillan. pp. 192–193.
1675:. New York, N.Y.: Macmillan. pp. 406–407.
1662:
1660:
1658:
1237:. Paris: Librarie Militaire R. Chapelot et Cie.
1071:in late July. These actions occurred after the
527:was responsible for all territory between the
519:was formed on 1 October 1792 and commanded by
646:. Flers used the time to build the fortified
150:
8:
1867:
1865:
1765:
1763:
1694:
1692:
1603:
1601:
1573:
1571:
1561:
1559:
1477:
1475:
378:In the first dismal months of fighting, the
1447:
1445:
1391:
1389:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1735:
1733:
1545:
1543:
1541:
932:was given command of the Allied army. The
930:Luis Firmin de Carvajal, Conde de la Union
501:that declared war on its ancient ally the
157:
143:
135:
698:. Dagobert with 6,500 soldiers defeated
402:. Though the army was defeated again at
1246:
410:in late 1793. Throughout the year the
355:were formed by splitting the original
26:
1639:. The Napoleon Series. Archived from
1495:. The Napoleon Series. Archived from
1417:. The Napoleon Series. Archived from
1370:. The Napoleon Series. Archived from
686:On 7 August 1793 General of Division
574:War of the Pyrenees, Eastern Pyrenees
465:under Napoleon. These were PĂ©rignon,
7:
924:. His successor, Lieutenant General
862:to lead the army. The victor of the
2054:Armées of the French First Republic
1987:. USA: Pickle Partners Publishing.
1199:, 16 January–17 November 1794
390:and forced back under the walls of
505:on 7 March 1793. Spain joined the
83:Operations in the eastern Pyrenees
25:
1823:Ostermann-Chandler (1987), p. 408
1345:. London: Greenhill. p. 45.
1141:Hilarion Paul Puget de Barbantane
922:Manuel Godoy, Prince of the Peace
730:, then the terrified man went to
688:Hilarion Paul Puget de Barbantane
2039:1795 disestablishments in France
1213:, 17 November 1794 – 29 May 1795
990:Battle of San-Lorenzo de la Muga
59:
35:
1269:. New York: MJF Books. p.
1218:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
1211:Dominique Catherine de PĂ©rignon
1056:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
876:Dominique Catherine de PĂ©rignon
436:Dominique Catherine de PĂ©rignon
50:30 April 1793 – 12 October 1795
1553:did not fight in the Pyrenees.
1189:, 28 November–20 December 1793
1045:José de Urrutia y de las Casas
1:
2034:1793 establishments in France
2007:The Napoleonic Wars Data Book
1918:. New York, N.Y.: Macmillan.
1343:The Napoleonic Wars Data Book
1179:, 12 October–21 November 1793
839:Édouard Jean Baptiste Milhaud
521:Joseph Marie Servan de Gerbey
323:Armée des Pyrénées Orientales
18:Armée des Pyrénées orientales
1143:, 7 August–11 September 1793
1080:Army of the Eastern Pyrenees
1061:Army of the Western Pyrenees
1004:Juan Miguel de Vives y Feliu
999:Battle of the Black Mountain
972:after Dagobert died, raided
868:Army of the Eastern Pyrenees
834:Army of the Eastern Pyrenees
817:Gregorio GarcĂa de la Cuesta
660:Jean Fabre de La Martillière
614:Army of the Eastern Pyrenees
538:Army of the Western Pyrenees
525:Army of the Eastern Pyrenees
455:Army of the Eastern Pyrenees
432:Battle of the Black Mountain
380:Army of the Eastern Pyrenees
352:Army of the Western Pyrenees
319:Army of the Eastern Pyrenees
30:Army of the Eastern Pyrenees
1163:Jacques Gilles Henri Goguet
1151:Luc Siméon Auguste Dagobert
744:Jacques Gilles Henri Goguet
692:Luc Siméon Auguste Dagobert
327:French Revolutionary armies
2075:
1871:Phipps (2011), pp. 201–202
1832:Phipps (2011), pp. 195–198
1805:Phipps (2011), pp. 184–185
1769:Phipps (2011), pp. 179–180
1748:Phipps (2011), pp. 175–177
1607:Phipps (2011), pp. 165–167
1577:Phipps (2011), pp. 159–161
1565:Phipps (2011), pp. 156–157
1535:Phipps (2011), pp. 154–155
1220:, 30 May–15 September 1795
1197:Jacques François Dugommier
1037:Antoine-François Andréossy
860:Jacques François Dugommier
668:Charles François Dumouriez
599:representatives on mission
566:1793: Invasion and defeats
507:War of the First Coalition
416:Jacques François Dugommier
412:representatives on mission
1941:Clerget, Charles (1905).
1787:Phipps (2011), p. 182-183
1396:Clerget, Charles (1905).
1231:Clerget, Charles (1905).
1010:and bluffed the powerful
786:under Lieutenant General
176:
34:
1635:Broughton, Tony (2006).
1491:Broughton, Tony (2006).
1413:Broughton, Tony (2006).
1366:Broughton, Tony (2007).
1157:Eustache Charles d'Aoust
819:drove the French out of
760:Villefranche-de-Conflent
724:Eustache Charles d'Aoust
672:Villefranche-de-Conflent
587:Saint-Laurent-de-Cerdans
329:. It fought against the
113:Eustache Charles d'Aoust
1965:. New York: MJF Books.
1796:Smith (1998), pp. 88–89
1091:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
958:Sant Llorenç de la Muga
479:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
1187:François Amédée Doppet
1136:, 14 May–6 August 1793
1134:Louis-Charles de Flers
1113:, Lemoine, Sauret and
1027:
949:
913:
884:Pierre François Sauret
855:
846:1794: French victories
808:Villelongue-dels-Monts
804:François Amédée Doppet
770:
748:Battle of Peyrestortes
683:
636:Louis-Charles de Flers
575:
545:. At the start of the
513:on 17 April 1793. The
489:The execution of King
109:Louis-Charles de Flers
2009:. London: Greenhill.
1981:Phipps, Ramsay Weston
1898:Clerget (1905), p. 48
1889:Phipps (2011), p. 214
1859:Phipps (2011), p. 200
1778:Phipps (2011), p. 181
1698:Phipps (2011), p. 171
1625:Phipps (2011), p. 170
1586:Phipps (2011), p. 162
1517:Phipps (2011), p. 154
1481:Phipps (2011), p. 153
1451:Phipps (2011), p. 152
1439:Phipps (2011), p. 169
1328:Phipps (2011), p. 151
1295:Phipps, Ramsay Weston
1025:
947:
911:
853:
768:
681:
573:
499:First French Republic
1880:Smith (1998), p. 104
1850:Smith (1998), p. 102
1551:Louis-Nicolas Davout
1216:General of Division
1209:General of Division
1195:General of Division
1185:General of Division
1175:General of Division
1155:General of Division
1149:General of Division
1139:General of Division
1132:General of Division
1115:Jean-Antoine Verdier
1107:Joseph Marie Dessaix
1078:On 21 July 1795 the
1012:Sant Ferran fortress
888:Claude Perrin Victor
618:Ramsay Weston Phipps
516:Army of the Pyrenees
471:Claude Perrin Victor
440:Sant Ferran fortress
358:Army of the Pyrenees
349:. This army and the
2059:War of the Pyrenees
1962:The Age of Napoleon
1916:Napoleon's Marshals
1841:Smith (1998), p. 96
1814:Smith (1998), p. 91
1757:Smith (1998), p. 81
1739:Smith (1998), p. 77
1714:Napoleon's Marshals
1673:Napoleon's Marshals
1616:Smith (1998), p. 64
1595:Smith (1998), p. 63
1526:Smith (1998), p. 53
1460:Smith (1998), p. 48
1265:The Age of Napoleon
1177:Louis Marie Turreau
1161:General of Brigade
1069:Bellver de Cerdanya
939:National Convention
903:First French Empire
813:Battle of Collioure
792:Banyuls-dels-Aspres
769:Louis Marie Turreau
740:Louis Marie Turreau
710:to the southeast,
664:Battle of Perpignan
652:Siege of Bellegarde
633:General of Division
547:War of the Pyrenees
491:Louis XVI of France
422:and recaptured the
347:War of the Pyrenees
168:War of the Pyrenees
92:War of the Pyrenees
1912:Chandler, David G.
1710:Chandler, David G.
1669:Chandler, David G.
1028:
1026:Barthélemy Schérer
950:
926:Alejandro O'Reilly
914:
912:Dominique PĂ©rignon
899:Marshals of France
856:
775:Battle of Truillas
771:
714:to the southwest,
684:
644:Fort de Bellegarde
609:on 12 April 1794.
603:General of Brigade
576:
463:Marshals of France
438:soon captured the
424:Fort de Bellegarde
373:Napoleon Bonaparte
273:Sans Culottes Camp
125:Barthélemy Schérer
121:Dominique PĂ©rignon
1994:978-1-908692-26-9
1308:978-1-908692-26-9
1111:Jean Joseph Guieu
1065:Battle of Bascara
994:Guillaume Mirabel
983:Cerdagne Division
970:Cerdagne Division
854:Jacques Dugommier
796:Cerdagne Division
728:Salses-le-Château
640:Battle of Mas Deu
549:, Servan went to
535:Rivers while the
371:and fought under
325:) was one of the
314:
313:
130:
129:
117:Jacques Dugommier
66:Republican France
16:(Redirected from
2066:
2020:
1998:
1976:
1948:
1929:
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1887:
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1410:
1404:
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1393:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1313:
1312:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1268:
1251:
1238:
1205:
1103:Bertrand Clausel
934:Battle of Boulou
718:to the west and
656:Camp de la Union
648:Camp de la Union
631:On 14 May 1793,
593:and crossed the
583:Antonio Ricardos
503:Kingdom of Spain
495:Marie Antoinette
442:and the port of
331:Kingdom of Spain
262:Western Pyrenees
241:2nd Sant Llorenç
236:1st Sant Llorenç
180:Eastern Pyrenees
171:
169:
159:
152:
145:
136:
64:
63:
39:
27:
21:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2024:
2023:
2017:
2001:
1995:
1979:
1973:
1951:
1940:
1926:
1910:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1863:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1666:
1665:
1656:
1646:
1644:
1643:on 13 July 2021
1634:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1599:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1569:
1564:
1557:
1548:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1502:
1500:
1499:on 11 July 2021
1490:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1424:
1422:
1421:on 11 July 2021
1412:
1411:
1407:
1395:
1394:
1387:
1377:
1375:
1374:on 11 July 2021
1365:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1316:
1309:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1230:
1201:
1123:
1099:Louis André Bon
1020:
948:Pierre Augereau
897:, later became
880:Pierre Augereau
864:Siege of Toulon
848:
829:Fort Saint-Elme
752:Juan de Courten
708:Argelès-sur-Mer
580:Captain General
568:
563:
543:Gironde estuary
487:
467:Pierre Augereau
315:
310:
292:
172:
167:
165:
163:
133:
123:
119:
115:
111:
104:
58:
42:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2072:
2070:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2015:
1999:
1993:
1977:
1971:
1949:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1924:
1914:, ed. (1987).
1906:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1891:
1882:
1873:
1861:
1852:
1843:
1834:
1825:
1816:
1807:
1798:
1789:
1780:
1771:
1759:
1750:
1741:
1729:
1722:
1700:
1688:
1681:
1654:
1627:
1618:
1609:
1597:
1588:
1579:
1567:
1555:
1537:
1528:
1519:
1510:
1483:
1471:
1462:
1453:
1441:
1432:
1405:
1385:
1358:
1351:
1330:
1314:
1307:
1286:
1279:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1193:
1190:
1183:
1180:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1122:
1119:
1095:chief of staff
1073:Peace of Basel
1032:Siege of Roses
1019:
1018:1795: War ends
1016:
847:
844:
700:Manuel la Peña
567:
564:
562:
559:
531:and the upper
486:
483:
382:was beaten at
363:Peace of Basel
312:
311:
309:
308:
303:
298:
291:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
268:Château-Pignon
264:
263:
259:
258:
253:
251:Black Mountain
248:
246:2nd Bellegarde
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
191:1st Bellegarde
188:
182:
181:
177:
174:
173:
164:
162:
161:
154:
147:
139:
131:
128:
127:
106:
100:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
40:
32:
31:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2071:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2018:
2016:1-85367-276-9
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1972:1-56731-022-2
1968:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1957:Durant, Ariel
1954:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1939:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1925:0-02-905930-5
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1895:
1892:
1886:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1793:
1790:
1784:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1723:0-02-905930-5
1719:
1715:
1711:
1704:
1701:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1684:
1682:0-02-905930-5
1678:
1674:
1670:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1642:
1638:
1631:
1628:
1622:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1498:
1494:
1487:
1484:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1463:
1457:
1454:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1433:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1373:
1369:
1362:
1359:
1354:
1352:1-85367-276-9
1348:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1282:
1280:1-56731-022-2
1276:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1260:
1259:Durant, Ariel
1256:
1250:
1247:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1085:Army of Italy
1081:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1024:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1000:
995:
991:
986:
985:from Doppet.
984:
979:
978:Louis Lemoine
975:
971:
967:
966:Charles Dugua
963:
959:
955:
946:
942:
940:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
910:
906:
904:
900:
896:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
852:
845:
843:
840:
835:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
809:
805:
799:
797:
793:
789:
785:
780:
776:
767:
763:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
680:
676:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
634:
629:
627:
623:
619:
615:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
581:
572:
565:
560:
558:
557:in the east.
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
539:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
517:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
484:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
374:
370:
369:
368:Army of Italy
364:
360:
359:
354:
353:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
307:
306:Gulf of Roses
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
293:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
265:
261:
260:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
231:2nd Collioure
229:
227:
224:
222:
221:1st Collioure
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
183:
179:
178:
175:
170:
160:
155:
153:
148:
146:
141:
140:
137:
132:Military unit
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
107:
101:
96:
93:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
67:
62:
57:
53:
49:
45:
38:
33:
28:
19:
2006:
2003:Smith, Digby
1984:
1961:
1953:Durant, Will
1943:
1915:
1894:
1885:
1876:
1855:
1846:
1837:
1828:
1819:
1810:
1801:
1792:
1783:
1774:
1753:
1744:
1713:
1703:
1672:
1645:. Retrieved
1641:the original
1630:
1621:
1612:
1591:
1582:
1531:
1522:
1513:
1501:. Retrieved
1497:the original
1486:
1465:
1456:
1435:
1423:. Retrieved
1419:the original
1408:
1398:
1376:. Retrieved
1372:the original
1361:
1342:
1339:Smith, Digby
1333:
1298:
1289:
1264:
1255:Durant, Will
1249:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1202:
1124:
1083:
1079:
1077:
1060:
1053:
1041:FluviĂ River
1029:
987:
982:
969:
951:
915:
867:
857:
833:
825:Port-Vendres
800:
795:
772:
720:Peyrestortes
685:
655:
647:
630:
621:
613:
611:
577:
536:
524:
514:
509:and invaded
488:
454:
452:
400:Peyrestortes
379:
377:
366:
356:
350:
322:
318:
316:
301:Fort-Dauphin
201:Peyrestortes
962:La Junquera
895:Jean Lannes
788:John Forbes
475:Jean Lannes
345:during the
216:Villelongue
88:Engagements
2028:Categories
1905:References
1121:Commanders
1047:back into
901:under the
784:Portuguese
607:guillotine
595:Tech River
511:Roussillon
493:and Queen
459:guillotine
408:Tech River
388:Bellegarde
335:Roussillon
226:2nd Boulou
211:1st Boulou
105:commanders
98:Commanders
1242:Footnotes
1109:, Dugua,
954:miquelets
821:Collioure
779:Le Boulou
762:as well.
756:TĂŞt River
712:Ponteilla
704:PuigcerdĂ
622:faubourgs
555:Perpignan
485:Formation
450:in June.
428:Collioure
396:Perpignan
392:Perpignan
375:in 1796.
343:Catalonia
283:Orbaizeta
196:Perpignan
2005:(1998).
1983:(2011).
1959:(1975).
1341:(1998).
1297:(2011).
1261:(1975).
1008:Figueres
736:Napoleon
732:Narbonne
696:Cerdagne
626:Jacobins
404:Truillas
339:Cerdanya
206:Truillas
1712:(ed.).
1671:(ed.).
1647:20 July
1503:19 July
1425:19 July
1378:19 July
1228:Source:
1203:†
892:Colonel
561:History
551:Bayonne
533:Garonne
448:Bascara
384:Mas Deu
288:Bascara
186:Mas Deu
103:Notable
55:Country
2013:
1991:
1969:
1922:
1720:
1679:
1349:
1305:
1277:
1049:Girona
974:Ripoll
918:Madrid
882:, and
872:Toulon
716:Olette
597:. The
420:Boulou
337:, the
296:Toulon
278:Baztan
47:Active
956:from
591:CĂ©ret
529:RhĂ´ne
444:Roses
256:Roses
2011:ISBN
1989:ISBN
1967:ISBN
1920:ISBN
1718:ISBN
1677:ISBN
1649:2014
1505:2014
1427:2014
1380:2014
1347:ISBN
1303:ISBN
1275:ISBN
1030:The
890:and
823:and
612:The
477:and
426:and
398:and
386:and
341:and
317:The
80:Role
75:Army
72:Type
916:In
702:at
333:in
2030::
1955:;
1864:^
1762:^
1732:^
1691:^
1657:^
1600:^
1570:^
1558:^
1540:^
1474:^
1444:^
1388:^
1317:^
1273:.
1271:53
1257:;
1105:,
1101:,
1051:.
905:.
878:,
481:.
473:,
469:,
2019:.
1997:.
1975:.
1928:.
1726:.
1685:.
1651:.
1507:.
1429:.
1382:.
1355:.
1311:.
1283:.
321:(
158:e
151:t
144:v
20:)
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