803:(HRW) have condemned human rights abuses in Kashmir by police such as "extra-judicial executions", "disappearances", and torture; the "Armed Forces Special Powers Act", which "provides impunity for human rights abuses and fuels cycles of violence. The Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) grants the military wide powers of arrest, the right to shoot to kill, and to occupy or destroy property in counterinsurgency operations. Indian officials claim that troops need such powers because the army is only deployed when national security is at serious risk from armed combatants. Such circumstances, they say, call for extraordinary measures." Human rights organizations have also asked Indian government to repeal the Public Safety Act, since "a detainee may be held in administrative detention for a maximum of two years without a court order.".
853:
accountable. The committee has suggested fixing a time frame of three months for the central government to decide whether to prosecute security personnel engaged in extrajudicial killings or unruly behaviour in insurgency-hit regions. The commission noted that AFSPA was an impediment to achieving peace in regions such as Jammu and
Kashmir and the North East. The commission also said the law needs to be reviewed every six months to see whether its implementation is actually necessary in states where it is being enforced. About Section 6 of the act, which guarantees protection against prosecution to the armed forces, the report said: "It is not that no action can be taken at all. Action can be taken but with prior sanction of the Central Government."
1755:"the alleged rape and killing of Manjab Manorama", "security forces have destroyed homes", "arrests without warrants", "widespread violations of humane rights", "The cases of Naga boys of Oinam village being tortured before their mothers by Assam rifles Jawans in July 1987; the killing of Amine Devi and her child of Bishnupur district on April 5, 1996, by a CRPF party; the abduction, torture and killing of 15-year-old Sanamacha of Angtha village by an Assam Rifles party on 12th February 1998; the shooting dead of 10 civilians by an Assam Rifles party in November 2000 are some of the glaring examples that are still fresh in the mind of Manipuris."
196:. Modeled on these lines, four ordinances—the Bengal Disturbed Areas (Special Powers of Armed Forces) Ordinance; the Assam Disturbed Areas (Special Powers of Armed Forces) Ordinance; the East Bengal Disturbed Areas (Special Powers of Armed Forces) Ordinance; the United provinces Disturbed Areas (Special Powers of Armed Forces) Ordinance were invoked by the Indian government to deal with the internal security situation in the country in 1947 which emerged due to the
42:
788:
242:, to protect every State against internal disturbance, it is considered desirable that the Central government should also have power to declare areas as 'disturbed', to enable its armed forces to exercise the special powers". The territorial scope of the act also expanded to the seven states of the North-East - Assam, Manipur,
806:
Activists who are working in J&K for peace and human rights include names of Ashima Kaul, Ram
Jethmalani, Faisal Khan, Ravi Nitesh (founder of Mission Bhartiyam), Swami Agnivesh, Dr. Sandeep Pandey and many others. They all accept that people to people communication and development of new avenues
879:
Supreme Court said that any encounter carried out by armed forces in the garb of AFSPA should be subjected to thorough inquiry. In the words of supreme court "It does not matter whether the victim was a common person or a militant or a terrorist, nor does it matter whether the aggressor was a common
380:
On 8 July 2016, in a landmark ruling, the
Supreme Court of India ended the immunity of the armed forces from prosecution under AFSPA, saying, in an 85-page judgement, "It does not matter whether the victim was a common person or a militant or a terrorist, nor does it matter whether the aggressor was
233:
The Armed Forces (Assam and
Manipur) Special Powers Act, 1958 empowered only the Governors of the States and the Administrators of the Union Territories to declare areas in the concerned State or the Union Territory as 'disturbed'. The reason for conferring such a power as per "Objects and Reasons'"
144:
in India's northeast (at present, it is in force in the States of Assam, Nagaland, Manipur {excluding Imphal
Municipal Council Area}, Changlang, Longding and Tirap districts of Arunachal Pradesh, and areas falling within the jurisdiction of the eight police stations of districts in Arunachal Pradesh
765:
This reasoning exemplifies the vicious cycle which has been instituted in the North East due to the AFSPA. The use of the AFSPA pushes the demand for more autonomy, giving the people of the North East more reason to want to secede from a state which enacts such powers and the agitation which ensues
344:
In a civilian setting, soldiers have no legal tender, and are still bound to the same command chain as they would be in a war theater. Neither the soldiers nor their superiors have any training in civilian law or policing procedures. This is where and why the AFSPA comes to bear - to legitimize the
278:
The central government enacted the Armed Forces (Punjab and
Chandigarh) Special Powers Act on 6 October 1983, repealing the Armed Forces (Punjab and Chandigarh) Special Powers Ordinance, 1983 to enable the central armed forces to operate in the state of Punjab and the union territory of Chandigarh.
269:
In
November 2016, Government of India has extended AFSPA in three districts of Arunachal Pradesh- Tirap, Changlang and Longding. The period has further been extended by another 6 months in above three districts of Arunachal Pradesh in April, 2018. These have been declared as "disturbed area" under
179:
2022: Areas in the
Northeast have seen scale down of forces. Since 1954, for the first time, no army unit of the size of brigade is being employed for the purpose of counter insurgency. Now, only one brigade looks after the same role. Though, some of the residual army units are moved to the border
139:
to maintain public order in "disturbed areas". According to the
Disturbed Areas (Special Courts) Act, 1976 once declared 'disturbed', the area has to maintain status quo for a minimum of 3 months. One such act passed on 11 September 1958 was applicable to the Naga Hills, then part of Assam. In the
780:
also known as the "Iron Lady of
Manipur" or "Mengoubi" ("the fair one") is a civil rights activist, political activist, and poet from the Indian state of Manipur. On 2 November 2000, she began a hunger strike which ended on 9 August 2016 after 16 years. On 2 November 2000, in Malom, a town in the
212:
Nation'. There was a boycott of the first general election of 1952 which later extended to a boycott of government schools and officials. In order to deal with the situation, the Assam government imposed the Assam Maintenance of Public Order (Autonomous District) Act in the Naga Hills in 1953 and
823:
has disclosed that Indian government employees agree to acts of human rights violations on part of the Indian armed forces and various paramilitary forces deployed in the north east parts of India especially Manipur. The violations have been carried out under the cover of this very act. Governor
861:
The commission recommended repealing AFSPA as "the Act is a symbol of hate, oppression, and instrument of high-handedness". It had submitted its report on 06.06.2005. After 10 years, the government of India rejected the recommendation made by Justice Jeevan Reddy Commission to repeal the AFSPA.
852:
and a senior police officer, has said in its report that the probe showed that none of the victims had any criminal records. The judicial commission set up by the Supreme Court is trying to make the controversial Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) more humane, and the security forces more
775:
A report by the Institute for Defense Studies and Analysis points to multiple occurrences of violence by security forces against civilians in Manipur since the passage of the act. The report states that residents believe that the provision for immunity of security forces urge them to act more
870:
The second Administratively Reforms Commission (ARC) in its fifth report on "Public Order", recommended to repeal of Armed Forces Special Powers Act, 1958. It commented that its scrapping would remove sentiments of discrimination and alienation among the people of the North East India. The
217:
in the Naga Hills and enacted the Assam Disturbed Areas Act of 1955, providing a legal framework for the paramilitary forces and the armed state police to combat insurgency in the region. But the Assam Rifles and the state armed police could not contain the Naga rebellion and the rebel Naga
871:
commission recommended to amend the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 inserting a new chapter to deploy the armed forces of the Union in the North eastern States. It supported a new doctrine of policing and criminal justice inherent in an inclusive approach to governance.
279:
The act was enforced in the whole of Punjab and Chandigarh on 15 October 1983. The terms of the act broadly remained the same as that of the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (Assam and Manipur) of 1972 except for two sections, which provided additional powers to the armed forces.
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under the purview of AFSPA. AFSPA is confined to be enacted only when a state, or part of it, is declared a 'disturbed area'. Continued unrest, like in the cases of militancy and insurgency, and especially when borders are threatened, are situations where AFSPA is resorted to.
324:
In such cases, it is the prerogative of the state government to call for central help. In most cases, for example during elections, when the local police may be stretched too thin to simultaneously handle day-to-day tasks, the central government obliges by sending in the
265:
Recently the Tripura state government has decided to withdraw the controversial act, citing significant reduction in the extent of terrorist activities in the state. In June 2015, after review, the AFSPA in Nagaland state was extended by one more year.
371:
Army officers have legal immunity for their actions. There can be no prosecution, suit or any other legal proceeding against anyone acting under that law. Nor is the government's judgment on why an area is found to be disturbed subject to judicial
381:
a common person or the state. The law is the same for both and is equally applicable to both ... This is the requirement of a democracy and the requirement of preservation of the rule of law and the preservation of individual liberties."
781:
Imphal Valley of Manipur, ten civilians were shot and killed while waiting at a bus stop. The incident, known as the "Malom Massacre", was allegedly committed by the Assam Rifles, one of the Indian Paramilitary forces operating in the state.
367:
Any person arrested and taken into custody under this act shall be made present over to the officer in charge of the nearest police station with least possible delay, together with a report of the circumstances occasioning the
880:
person or the state. The law is the same for both and is equally applicable to both. This is the requirement of a democracy and the requirement of preservation of the rule of law and the preservation of individual liberties."
719:
in 1991, members of the UNHRC asked numerous questions about the validity of the AFSPA. They questioned the constitutionality of the AFSPA under Indian law and asked how it could be justified in light of Article 4 of the
270:
Section 3 of the AFSPA. In these districts, Naga underground factions including National Socialist Council of Nagaland (Isak-Muivah) and NSCN (Khaplang) are involved in extortion, recruitment of locals, and rivalry.
1054:
352:
After giving such due warning, Fire upon or use other kinds of force even if it causes death, against the person who is acting against law or order in the disturbed area for the maintenance of public order,
375:
Protection of persons acting in good faith under this act from prosecution, suit or other legal proceedings, except with the sanction of the Central Government, in exercise of the powers conferred by this
301:
If the governor of Jammu and Kashmir or the Central Government, is of opinion that the whole or any part of the union territory is in such a disturbed and dangerous condition then this act can be imposed.
355:
Destroy any arms dump, hide-outs, prepared or fortified position or shelter or training camp from which armed attacks are made by the armed volunteers or armed gangs or absconders wanted for any offence.
69:
An Act to enable certain special powers to be conferred upon members of the armed forces in disturbed areas in the States of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura.
1137:
160:
The acts have received criticism from several sections for alleged concerns about human rights violations in the regions of its enforcement alleged to have happened. National Politicians like
2036:
262:. In addition, the words "The Armed Forces (Assam and Manipur) Special Powers Act, 1958" were substituted by "Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958", getting the acronym of AFSPA, 1958.
2010:
738:, UN's Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions said "During my visit to Kashmir, AFSPA was described to me as 'hated' and 'draconian'. It clearly violates
1588:
1291:
290:
The act was withdrawn in 1997, roughly 14 years after it came to force. However the Disturbed areas act was in force until 2012 in Chandigarh until the High Court struck it down.
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Sub-section (e) was added to Section 4 stipulating that any vehicle can be stopped, searched and seized forcibly if it is suspected of carrying proclaimed offenders or ammunition.
1112:
721:
1632:
1390:
1614:
1403:
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To enter and search any premise in order to make such arrests, or to recover any person wrongfully restrained or any arms, ammunition or explosive substances and seize it.
2129:
811:
issues there." What has failed to see is that such small, ethnic groups are resisting the Indian state for 55 years" says legal activist and scholar, Babloo Loitongbom
1431:"Report of the Committee, headed by Justice (Retd) B.P. Jeevan Reddy, to Review the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act 1958 -Part-II Legal and Constitutional aspects"
1062:
1472:
1168:
358:
To arrest without a warrant anyone who has committed cognizable offences or is reasonably suspected of having done so and may use force if needed for the arrest.
2134:
1767:
1314:"Report of the Committee, headed by Justice Jeevan Reddy, to Review the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act 1958 - Part II - Legal and Constitutional Aspects"
1193:
1145:
2124:
348:
According to the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA), in an area that is proclaimed as "disturbed", an officer of the armed forces has powers to:
848:
was constituted in January 2013 to probe six encounter deaths in Manipur. The committee, comprising former Supreme Court judge Santosh Hegde, ex-CEC
2046:
731:
asked India to repeal the AFSPA. She termed the law as "dated and colonial-era law that breach contemporary international human rights standards."
2014:
310:
The Articles in the Constitution of India empower state governments to declare a state of emergency due to one or more of the following reasons:
2139:
1783:
716:
1283:
1219:
820:
784:
In addition to this, there have been claims of disappearances by the police or the army in Kashmir by several human rights organizations.
2119:
398:
154:
2144:
200:. Article 355 of the Constitution of India confers power to the Central Government to protect every state from internal disturbance.
1015:
769:
758:
1650:
1085:
1678:
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Section 5 was added to the act specifying that a soldier has the power to break open any locks "if the key there of is withheld".
218:
Nationalist Council (NNC) formed a parallel government "The Federal Government of Nagaland" on 23 March 1956. The Armed Forces (
2089:
1807:
1490:
1752:
1523:
1459:
Kamboj, Anil (October 2004). "Manipur and Armed Forces (Special Power) Act 1958". Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses.
1948:
1041:
1342:
2090:
Presentation on Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 by Major General Nilendra Kumar, Director, Amity Law School Noida
235:
330:
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on 22 May 1958. It was replaced by the Armed Forces (Assam and Manipur) Special Powers Act, 1958 on 11 September 1958.
1719:
1469:
511:
1250:
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1704:
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brutally. The article, however, goes on to say that repeal or withering away of the act will encourage insurgency.
1764:
635:
1364:
169:
82:
1992:
489:
474:
410:
1197:
484:
469:
464:
1419:
Singh, Harinder (6 July 2010). "AFSPA: A Soldier's Perspective". Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses.
836:
which the very same cables described as a state that appeared more of a colony and less of an Indian state.
659:
Imphal West, excluding Imphal, Lamphel, City, Singjamei, Sekmai, Lamsang, Patsoi police station jurisdiction
506:
479:
519:
849:
825:
796:
341:
By Act 7 of 1972, the power to declare areas as being disturbed was extended to the central government.
326:
209:
1949:"'If you go hunting, be ready to meet the tiger' – Human rights activist and scholar, BablooLoitongbam"
1557:"Extra Judicial Execution Victim Families Association (EEVFAM) & Anr. vs. Union of India & Anr"
968:
914:
17:
1227:
389:
AFSPA now applicable fully only in 31 districts of 4 Northeast states and partially in 12 districts.
153:
was withdrawn in 1997, roughly 14 years after it came to force. An act passed in 1990 was applied to
742:. A number of UN treaty bodies have pronounced it to be in violation of International Law as well."
1974:
1885:"Behind the Kashmir Conflict - Abuses in the Kashmir Valley (Human Rights Watch Report, July 1999)"
1113:"After P Chidambaram, Congress leader Saifuddin Soz calls for revocation of AFSPA in Jammu-Kashmir"
894:
777:
531:
193:
141:
136:
132:
92:
49:
1793:
1589:"AFSPA now applicable fully only in 31 districts, partially in 12 districts of 4 Northeast states"
2041:
1707:
800:
751:
734:
On 31 March 2012, the UN asked India to revoke AFSPA saying it had no place in Indian democracy.
627:
610:
605:
600:
456:
364:
Stop and search any vehicle or vessel reasonably suspected to be carrying such person or weapons.
317:
Return of (central) security forces leads to return of miscreants/erosion of the "peace dividend"
197:
1928:"Behind the Kashmir Conflict - Undermining the Judiciary (Human Rights Watch Report, July 1999)"
1765:
Institute for Defense Studies and Analysis, 'Manipur and Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act 1958'
1753:
Institute for Defense Studies and Analysis, 'Manipur and Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act 1958'
791:
A soldier guards the roadside checkpoint outside Srinagar International Airport in January 2009.
1391:"AFSPA - Necessity or a Misused Power? Everything You Need to Know About the Controversial Act"
1531:
1498:
1011:
739:
595:
451:
298:
The Armed Forces (Jammu and Kashmir) Special Powers Act, 1990 was enacted in September, 1990.
255:
213:
intensified police action against the rebels. When the situation worsened, Assam deployed the
1832:
1169:"Peace in Northeast after decades allows Army to finally pull out of counter-insurgency ops"
943:
889:
845:
430:
420:
415:
808:
1858:
1788:
1771:
1476:
766:
continues to justify the use of the AFSPA from the point of view of the Indian Government.
498:
435:
345:
presence and acts of armed forces in emergency situations which have been deemed warlike.
227:
173:
1927:
1556:
2094:
1905:
1740:
735:
622:
561:
440:
320:
The scale of unrest or instability in the state is too large for local forces to handle
161:
1884:
656:
Imphal East, excluding Porompat, Heingang, Lamlai Irilbung police station jurisdiction
2113:
445:
165:
146:
829:
725:
425:
214:
2099:
1086:"Amnesty slams India on AFSPA; wants spl. rapporteur for probe on disappearances"
1655:
728:
189:
1430:
1313:
2103:
761:
argues that the governments' call for increased force is part of the problem.
150:
60:
41:
1535:
1502:
1002:
1090:
828:
admitted to the American Consul General in Kolkata, Henry Jardine, that the
243:
145:
bordering the State of Assam). Another one passed in 1983 and applicable to
1808:"AFSPA: Anger simmers in Northeast as the chorus for repeal of AFSPA grows"
1284:"Interning Insurgent Populations: The Buried Histories of Indian Democracy"
1138:"Congress divided over AFSPA, Amarinder Singh against repealing of the Act"
787:
234:
appended to the Bill was that "Keeping in view the duty of the Union under
1257:
1683:
1479:
Indian Ministry of Law and Justice Published by the Authority of New Deli
1406:
Indian Ministry of Law and Justice Published by the Authority of New Deli
314:
Failure of the administration and the local police to tackle local issues
247:
188:
The Armed Forces Special Powers Ordinance of 1942 was promulgated by the
1906:"India: Repeal the Armed Forces Special Powers Act - Human Rights Watch"
1633:"AFSPA now applicable fully only in 31 districts of 4 Northeast states"
833:
259:
251:
223:
1251:"The Naga Conflict. NIAS Backgrounder on Conflict Resolution, B7-2012"
226:) Special Powers Ordinance 1958 was promulgated by the President Dr.
1720:"India: Repeal Armed Forces Special Powers Act - Human Rights Watch"
2095:
Coverage on website of South Asia Human Rights Documentation Centre
1256:. National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore. Archived from
844:
A high-power commission headed by the retired Supreme Court judge,
450:
Areas falling within the jurisdiction of Yanglok Police Station in
1615:"'Disturbed areas' under AFSPA cut in Assam, Manipur and Nagaland"
786:
219:
274:
The Armed Forces (Punjab and Chandigarh) Special Powers Act, 1983
1470:"The Armed Forces (Jammu and Kashmir) Special Powers Act, 1990"
1404:
The Armed Forces (Jammu and Kashmir) Special Powers Act, 1990"
586:
was extended in nagaland for 6 more months in December (2021)
1055:"Court-appointed panel highlights misuse of AFSPA in Manipur"
294:
The Armed Forces (Jammu and Kashmir) Special Powers Act, 1990
754:
as a "tool of state abuse, oppression and discrimination".
1679:"UN asks India to repeal Armed Forces Special Powers Act"
204:
Armed Forces Special Powers (Assam and Manipur) Act, 1958
2011:"Santosh Hegde panel to probe Manipur encounter deaths"
715:
When India presented its second periodic report to the
2037:"Manipur encounter killings fake, SC probe panel says"
1040:
Muzamil Jaleel for the Indian Express. 30 March 2015.
140:
following decades it spread, one by one, to the other
1194:"(The) Armed Forces (Special Powers) Ordinance, 1942"
969:"India Code: Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958"
662:
Bishnupur (excluding one police station jurisdiction)
840:
Santosh Hegde commission on Manipur encounter deaths
722:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
671:
Kakching (excluding one police station jurisdiction)
172:
have advocated revocation of AFSPA, while some like
668:
Jiribam (excluding one police station jurisdiction)
665:
Thoubal (excluding one police station jurisdiction)
106:
98:
88:
78:
48:
34:
1042:Explained: AFSPA-Disturbed Areas debate in J&K
924:. Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India
1414:
1412:
1004:Armed Forces Special Powers Act : the debate
1993:"76968: Manipur experiences escalating violence"
1226:. Calcutta, India. 26 April 2005. Archived from
832:in particular are perpetrators of violations in
1705:"India: Repeal Armed Forces Special Powers Act"
1036:
1034:
763:
724:, ICCPR. On 23 March 2009, UN Commissioner for
807:are the only way for peace, however laws like
915:"The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958"
809:AFSPA are continuously violating human rights
770:South Asian Human Rights Documentation Centre
759:South Asian Human Rights Documentation Centre
638:(within the jurisdiction of police stations)
564:(within the jurisdiction of police stations)
534:(within the jurisdiction of police stations)
501:(within the jurisdiction of police stations)
459:(within the jurisdiction of police stations)
8:
1651:"United Nations asks India to repeal AFSPA"
35:The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1972
1167:Philip, Snehesh Alex (22 September 2022).
1566:. The Supreme Court of India. 8 July 2016
1343:"AFSPA removed in tripura after 18 years"
2130:Human rights abuses in Jammu and Kashmir
866:Second Administrative Reforms Commission
795:Many human rights organizations such as
746:Non-governmental organizations' analysis
397:The Act is applicable in the entire of
906:
66:
18:Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958
815:United States leaked diplomatic cables
385:Areas where it is currently applicable
31:
1639:. Press Trust of India. 1 April 2022.
1583:
1581:
1489:Rajagopal, Krishnadas (8 July 2016).
717:United Nations Human Rights Committee
7:
2135:Acts of the Parliament of India 1958
2100:"Armed Forces Act to go from Imphal"
2061:"SC panel pushes for a humane AFSPA"
1294:from the original on 5 November 2013
996:
994:
992:
821:United States diplomatic cables leak
1859:"Kashmir's extra-judicial killings"
1491:"SC ends impunity for armed forces"
1282:Sundar, Nandini (5 February 2011).
27:1958 act of the Parliament of India
1365:"Centre extends AFSPA in Nagaland"
192:on 15 August 1942 to suppress the
135:that grants special powers to the
25:
1973:Nambath, Suresh (21 March 2011).
1792:. 18 January 1993. Archived from
125:Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act
2125:Politics of the Kashmir conflict
2013:. Chennai, India. Archived from
1999:. Chennai, India. 21 March 2011.
1975:"Manipur more a colony of India"
1613:Singh, Vijaita (31 March 2022).
1084:Jeelani, Mehboob (2 July 2015).
1061:. Chennai, India. Archived from
40:
1053:Joshi, Sandeep (17 July 2013).
857:Justice Jeevan Reddy Commission
750:The act has been criticized by
2045:. 4 April 2013. Archived from
1001:Chadha, Vivek (January 2013).
706:Non-state views and commentary
1:
1524:"Ending impunity under AFSPA"
1288:Economic and Political Weekly
1220:"A Vicious Cycle of Violence"
157:and has been in force since.
2140:Human rights abuses in India
2106:article dated 12 August 2004
176:are against its revocation.
542:Mokokchung-I Police Station
516:Kohima South Police Station
512:Kohima North Police Station
190:British colonial government
2161:
2120:History of the Indian Army
1345:. New Delhi. firstpost.com
539:Mangkolemba Police Station
2145:Military history of India
131:), 1958 is an act of the
114:
55:
39:
1837:U.S. Department of State
1371:. New Delhi. 8 July 2015
554:Anaki 'C' Police Station
490:Zunheboto Police Station
475:Pughoboto Police Station
1637:Business Standard India
745:
689:Kangpokpi (Sadar Hills)
572:Champang Police Station
569:Bhandari Police Station
551:Longchem Police Station
485:Suruhuto Police Station
470:Ghatashi Police Station
465:Aghunato Police Station
1475:1 October 2008 at the
875:Supreme Court of India
792:
773:
545:Longtho Police Station
524:Kezocha Police Station
507:Khuzama Police Station
480:Satakha Police Station
797:Amnesty International
790:
578:SĂĽngro Police Station
411:ChĂĽmoukedima District
238:of the Constitution,
210:Naga National Council
1796:on 10 December 2008.
1770:12 July 2007 at the
976:www.indiacode.nic.in
711:United Nations views
575:Ralan Police Station
520:Zubza Police Station
1784:"Blood Tide Rising"
1249:Singh M. Amarjeet.
1148:on 18 November 2014
895:Irom Sharmila Chanu
778:Irom Chanu Sharmila
548:Tuli Police Station
532:Mokokchung District
194:Quit India Movement
142:Seven Sister States
137:Indian Armed Forces
133:Parliament of India
93:Parliament of India
50:Parliament of India
2042:The Times of India
2017:on 9 November 2013
1908:. 20 November 2007
1708:Human Rights Watch
1200:on 30 October 2013
801:Human Rights Watch
793:
752:Human Rights Watch
457:ZĂĽnheboto District
198:Partition of India
83:Act No. 28 of 1958
1981:. Chennai, India.
1263:on 1 October 2013
944:"Repeal of AFSPA"
740:International Law
729:Navanethem Pillay
617:Arunachal Pradesh
399:Jammu and Kashmir
393:Jammu and Kashmir
256:Arunachal Pradesh
155:Jammu and Kashmir
122:
121:
110:11 September 1958
102:11 September 1958
16:(Redirected from
2152:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2049:on 8 April 2013.
2033:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1924:
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1913:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
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1198:the original
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830:Assam Rifles
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1656:India Today
953:28 February
928:24 December
850:J M Lyngdoh
826:S .S. Sidhu
335:do not come
236:Article 355
2114:Categories
2104:rediff.com
1817:1 February
948:pib.gov.in
692:Tengnoupal
686:Tamenglong
644:Mahadevpur
151:Chandigarh
61:Long title
2065:DNA India
1997:The Hindu
1979:The Hindu
1812:The Probe
1690:14 August
1663:14 August
1619:The Hindu
1570:3 October
1536:0971-751X
1528:The Hindu
1503:0971-751X
1495:The Hindu
1438:The Hindu
1321:The Hindu
1091:The Hindu
1059:The Hindu
901:Footnotes
628:Changlang
611:Sivasagar
606:Charaideo
601:Dibrugarh
244:Meghalaya
240:interalia
107:Commenced
2021:29 April
1933:16 March
1912:16 March
1890:16 March
1869:16 March
1863:BBC News
1843:16 March
1768:Archived
1726:16 March
1684:NDTV.com
1473:Archived
1298:29 April
1292:Archived
1173:ThePrint
1152:16 March
1122:16 March
884:See also
799:and the
701:Pherzawl
674:Senapati
596:Tinsukia
452:Longleng
405:Nagaland
329:and the
248:Nagaland
170:Congress
118:In force
79:Citation
2071:19 June
1958:6 March
1833:"India"
1598:3 April
1541:19 June
1508:19 June
1444:28 July
1375:11 July
1349:11 July
1327:29 July
1267:29 July
1234:29 July
1204:29 July
1142:IBNLive
1069:29 July
1023:29 July
981:6 March
834:Manipur
695:Kamjong
680:Chandel
651:Manipur
632:Longing
372:review.
368:arrest.
306:The act
260:Mizoram
252:Tripura
224:Manipur
184:History
180:areas.
116:Status:
99:Enacted
1534:
1501:
1097:8 July
1014:
677:Ukhrul
641:Namsai
636:Namsai
147:Punjab
1741:AFSPA
1560:(PDF)
1434:(PDF)
1317:(PDF)
1261:(PDF)
1254:(PDF)
1008:(PDF)
972:(PDF)
918:(PDF)
698:Noney
623:Tirap
590:Assam
220:Assam
129:AFSPA
2073:2019
2023:2014
1960:2021
1935:2015
1914:2015
1892:2015
1871:2015
1845:2015
1819:2022
1789:Time
1728:2015
1692:2020
1665:2020
1600:2022
1572:2021
1543:2019
1532:ISSN
1510:2019
1499:ISSN
1446:2013
1377:2015
1351:2015
1329:2013
1300:2014
1269:2013
1236:2013
1206:2013
1180:2022
1154:2015
1124:2015
1099:2015
1071:2013
1025:2013
1012:ISBN
983:2021
955:2020
930:2023
819:The
757:The
376:act.
331:CRPF
258:and
222:and
164:and
149:and
1117:dna
327:BSF
168:of
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127:(
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