31:
173:
344:. Their main aim was to pose resistance to the Ottoman Forces and to act as the defender of the Armenian nation. The ARF gained major importance during WWI on the Caucasus front, where they joined the Russian Army. Their participation contributed to the defeat of the Ottoman army in January 1916. Primary legions fighting with Russia in the Caucasus were the Armenian volunteer legion, staffed by the Armenian National Bureau (ANB) and through that indirectly through the ARF, dominating the ANB. The number of the fighters reached an estimated amount 5.000.
45:
359:
124:
322:
160:
circumvent the
Ottoman censoring, new modes of expression were employed. Such were quoting of biblical passages and literary works, which enabled a restricted spreading of the knowledge of the genocide in international media and politics. Such information provoked international support systems such as the ABCFM, Armenian Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and the founding of the US Armenian relive committee, leading to fundraising and enacting international pressure.
533:
93:(1915), in Musa Dag and Urfa. Still, violent resistance was rare and often not effective, compared to the humanitarian network which saved up to 200,000 Armenians from death. Local resistance movements were notably supported by a transnational network of help, namely the ABCFM, US Armenian relief committee and missionaries.
119:
committees, doctors and nurses, local
Muslims, and influential Armenian dignitaries and foreign missionaries. Those established a self-help network, which supplied deportees in camps with basic needs, such as food, fuelwood, and financial support through money transfer. This network saved thousands
140:
In the private sphere, resistance was present in the tiny moments of life. Family ties in the camps were attempts to create through their traditional functions a sense of normality. This social support system aimed to establish relative safety, cared for orphans, and provided health care under the
131:
From this onwards, the resistance conducted fewer public actions. Refugees were hidden in private homes, community centres, and children in orphanages. Military factories and hospitals under the influence of network members served the purpose of employing
Armenians, providing them with a permit to
159:
officials on deportees and advice on how to survive in the camps helped
Armenians to adapt to the new life realities. The full impact of the genocide was long withheld from the Ottoman and international public. Censorship of foreign embassies impeded international attention and intervention. To
168:
The majority of the
Armenian population resented military resistance against the genocide and hoped instead for survival through displayed loyalty. Important actors of the Armenian community as the church toned down rebellious actions and emphasised patience instead.
88:
Those efforts were countered by
Armenian attempts to mitigate the plight through the establishment of humanitarian networks. Those provided for basic needs like food and hiding places. Several armed uprisings attempted to resist deportation are notable, namely the
443:
120:
of
Armenians from death. At the beginning of the deportations, such efforts were still legal but with increasing tensions, those efforts faced crackdowns in 1915, criminalization and forcing to move into the underground.
403:, in the mountains of Zeitun deserters resisting the draft were joined by raiders. This drew the attention of the Ottoman Empire and contributed to Ottoman considerations about rebellion in this region.
2325:
1165:
Kaiser, Hilmar (December 2010). "Regional resistance to central government policies: Ahmed Djemal Pasha, the governors of Aleppo, and
Armenian deportees in the spring and summer of 1915".
485:. While the city withhold the efforts of the ottoman Army, the surrounding villages were massacred. The initial armed resistance lasted for a period of less than a month. In May, the
2106:
1784:
1371:
1078:
Monger, David (2018). "Networking against
Genocide during the First World War: the international network behind the British Parliamentary report on the Armenian Genocide".
687:
David, Monger (2018). "Networking against
Genocide during the First World War: the international network behind the British Parliamentary report on the Armenian Genocide".
2208:
2198:
1997:
115:
refers to illegal conduct to mitigate the effects of deportation and prevent annihilation. Core actors of this resistance were religious and civic leaders, such as
85:
into uninhabitable deserts and mountain regions. The result was the homogenisation of the Ottoman Empire and elimination of 90% of the Armenian Ottoman population.
2340:
155:
established an important part of the resistance and was essential for survival. Smuggled letters of information about the developments in other camps, abuses of
1799:
1308:
2081:
2002:
1684:
808:"Regional resistance to central government policies: Ahmed Djemal Pasha, the governors of Aleppo, and Armenian deportees in the spring and summer of 1915"
2335:
2235:
2182:
1427:
213:
deportation important the ottoman troops in August 1915 and held out 25 days only to be defeated. Most of the population was killed or conducted suicide.
1364:
388:
in the Ottoman Empire) to secure the participation of the Armenians in the military operations against each other. The Ottomans held talks with the
81:. Early in World War I, the Ottoman Empire commenced efforts to eradicate Armenian culture and eliminate Armenian life, through acts of killing and
1282:
2055:
1322:
1270:
1247:
1155:
1006:
969:
785:
715:
666:
641:
348:
144:
Individuals, from the Muslim population, and officers as city authorities resisted orders of deportation and faced removal from their posts.
96:
Additionally, military efforts to counter the Ottoman Army were conducted by Armenian forces, such as the Armenian Resistance Forces (called
2320:
1829:
2289:
2252:
2242:
2071:
1915:
1357:
486:
2094:
1342:
1111:
1487:
1109:
Gunn, Christopher (2019). "In Search of the 'Immortal' Volunteers: The Legacy of Armenian Fedayis on the Caucasus Front, 1914–1916".
852:
Gunn, Christopher (2019). "In Search of the "Immortal" Volunteers: The Legacy of Armenian Fedayis on the Caucasus Front, 1914–1916".
2230:
2076:
1809:
1619:
1477:
935:
389:
2114:
489:
entered the city of Van and the Ottoman army retreated. After the ambush, estimated 50% of the population surrounding Van had died.
246:
481:
around 30,000 Armenians in the city of Van, joined by Armenian refugees from surrounding villages, defended themselves during the
1613:
1080:
446:
2018:
1779:
1707:
1677:
1262:
156:
1457:
332:
The Armenian Resistance Forces (ARF) were established in 1890 out of Armenian volunteers called fedayis and of members of the
1885:
1462:
2299:
528:. Both parties had serious losses, serious enough to prevent the Ottoman army from advancing deeper into Armenian territory.
30:
2215:
2203:
2129:
1758:
172:
2146:
1789:
1753:
1167:
393:
376:
before the World War I, both the Russian and the Turkish governments officially appealed to Armenian organizations (the
132:
move freely in the city and integrating them successfully into their new environment. This prevented their deportation.
2294:
2169:
1932:
1910:
1860:
1845:
1804:
1670:
1380:
1336:
1314:
961:
385:
377:
333:
358:
2330:
1985:
1850:
1540:
450:
58:
1880:
2220:
1965:
1890:
1639:
1530:
1239:
191:
in the village of Adana 1915. The village of Adana circumvented deportation by withdrawing to the mountains of
123:
101:
62:
984:
The Hugh Chisholm, 1920, Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Company ltd., twelve edition p.198.
1870:
1855:
2176:
2162:
1748:
1432:
1196:
Kaligian, Dikran (September 2014). "Anatomy of Denial: Manipulating Sources and Manufacturing a Rebellion".
321:
227:
2272:
1645:
1447:
1970:
1794:
1743:
1727:
1535:
1467:
1040:
482:
421:
The Russian success was along the Southern shoulders of the offence, where Armenian volunteers occupied
341:
301:
294:
261:
185:
90:
35:
1147:
2089:
1763:
1452:
1280:
Mouradian, Khatchig (July 2016). "Genocide and Humanitarian Resistance in Ottoman Syria, 1915-1916".
437:
1920:
1717:
1482:
1472:
1442:
1437:
276:
73:
included military, political, and humanitarian efforts to counter Ottoman forces and mitigate the
2136:
1722:
1503:
1420:
951:
908:
869:
827:
503:
414:
269:
254:
199:
Other resistance movements were shattered and had the effect of annihilation of entire villages.
2048:
930:. Vol. iv. Persia: The Stepping Stone To India. New York: Marshall Cavendish. p. 500.
470:
Armenian deserters in the city of Zeitun, once more resisted the Ottoman army but were defeated.
17:
2124:
1817:
1712:
1693:
1586:
1515:
1318:
1295:
1266:
1243:
1213:
1184:
1151:
1128:
1097:
1002:
965:
931:
781:
711:
662:
637:
563:
426:
418:
337:
284:
235:
74:
52:
1259:
The resistance network: the Armenian genocide and humanitarianism in Ottoman Syria, 1915-1918
1229:(in Armenian). Athens, Greece: Hradaragutiun Azkayin Oosoomnagan Khorhoortee. pp. 92–93.
999:
The Resistance Network, The Armenian Genocide and Humanitarianism in Ottoman Syria, 1915–1918
778:
The Resistance Network, The Armenian Genocide and Humanitarianism in Ottoman Syria, 1915–1918
708:
The Resistance Network, The Armenian Genocide and Humanitarianism in Ottoman Syria, 1915–1918
396:. The ARF declared that Armenians should fight for the countries of which they were citizens.
195:. There they withstand the Ottoman forces where they secured the survival of 4,200 villagers.
2225:
2158:
1990:
1925:
1822:
1492:
1415:
1287:
1205:
1176:
1120:
1089:
1026:(in Armenian). Hradaragutiun Azkayin Oosoomnagan Khorhoortee, Athens Greece. pp. 92–93.
900:
861:
819:
751:
603:
521:
955:
659:
The thirty-year genocide : Turkey's destruction of its Christian minorities, 1894-1924
2247:
1980:
1957:
1633:
1607:
1545:
326:
207:
116:
293:) refers to the subsequent Armenian militia's response to the aftermaths killings of the
222:
Previous Armenian military resistances against forces of the Ottoman Empire were namely:
524:
Armenian forces were able to prevent the penetration of Ottoman forces in the region of
2277:
1732:
1591:
1571:
1509:
1141:
559:
546:
381:
253:, was the Armenian military response to prevent massacres from taking place during the
2314:
2043:
1581:
1566:
1332:
1236:
The thirty-year genocide: Turkey's destruction of its Christian minorities, 1894-1924
912:
873:
831:
442:
2119:
2033:
2023:
104:. Those supported Russian efforts to advance on the Ottoman front in the Caucasus.
1310:"They can live in the desert but nowhere else": a history of the Armenian genocide
1124:
1093:
1044:
865:
1180:
823:
2038:
2028:
1737:
634:
A history of the Armenian genocide: They can live in the desert but nowhere else
422:
82:
78:
807:
1938:
532:
1349:
1299:
1261:. Texts and studies in Armenian history, society, and culture. East Lansing:
1217:
1188:
1132:
1101:
1975:
1550:
571:
192:
1576:
1865:
1209:
904:
889:"Anatomy of Denial: Manipulating Sources and Manufacturing a Rebellion"
1291:
756:
739:
608:
591:
525:
1875:
1662:
957:
Ordered to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War
888:
661:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 486.
440:. Armenian contributed on the side of Russian forces to the defeat.
2282:
1561:
740:"Genocide and Humanitarian Resistance in Ottoman Syria, 1915-1916"
592:"Genocide and Humanitarian Resistance in Ottoman Syria, 1915-1916"
531:
357:
320:
309:
29:
1666:
1353:
1313:. Human rights and crimes against humanity. Princeton Oxford:
1046:
Why Armenia Should be Free: Armenia's Role in the Present War
574:
resistance. Current practice renamed the dish as "hreesi".
268:
was the response by the Armenian population in Van to the
218:
Previous military resistance against the Ottoman forces
1785:
Deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915
636:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 282.
27:
Armenian resistance in the Ottoman Empire during WWI
2265:
2191:
2145:
2105:
2064:
2011:
1948:
1903:
1838:
1772:
1700:
558:
Armenian resistance has left a symbolic dish. The "
180:In some cases, military resistance was successful:
308:was the resistance of the Armenian militia in the
545:, Murad of Sebastia and his volunteers fought at
417:was launched. It was the first engagement of the
2326:Armenian resistance during the Armenian genocide
1143:The Armenian people from ancient to modern times
1062:The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times
1001:. Michigan State University Press. p. 28.
780:. Michigan State University Press. p. 28.
710:. Michigan State University Press. p. 28.
288:
1678:
1365:
8:
1064:. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 299.
108:Humanitarian resistance against the genocide
1835:
1685:
1671:
1663:
1428:Liberation struggle of Artsakh (1724-1731)
1389:
1372:
1358:
1350:
1035:
1033:
570:): is generally served to commemorate the
755:
607:
362:Seventy-year-old priest leading Armenians
1478:Battle of Holy Apostles Monastery (1901)
441:
171:
164:Military resistance against the genocide
148:Resistance through Information gathering
122:
928:Illustrated Encyclopedia of World War I
582:
436:, the Ottoman Army was defeated at the
63:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
992:
990:
2341:Rebellions against the Ottoman Empire
1227:Պատմութիւն Հայոց / Hayots Badmoutioun
1024:Hayots Badmoutioun (Armenian History)
771:
769:
767:
733:
731:
729:
727:
682:
680:
678:
627:
625:
623:
621:
619:
354:Resistance against the Ottoman Empire
349:Armenian national liberation movement
334:Armenian national liberation movement
7:
1234:Morris, Benny; Zeʼevi, Dror (2019).
847:
845:
843:
841:
801:
799:
797:
2290:Armenian genocide and the Holocaust
2072:May 1915 Triple Entente declaration
1488:Yıldız assassination attempt (1905)
34:Armenian defenders during the 1915
2095:National Armenian Relief Committee
1112:Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs
854:Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs
127:Armenian orphanage in Aleppo Syria
25:
2336:Armenians from the Ottoman Empire
2231:Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day
1620:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
1283:Études arméniennes contemporaines
744:Études arméniennes contemporaines
596:Études arméniennes contemporaines
390:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
65: instead of Armenian letters.
1402:Organizations and military units
1140:Hovannisian, Richard G. (1997).
1081:Journal of Transatlantic Studies
689:Journal of Transatlantic Studies
549:, where he died in the fighting.
176:Armenian resistance in Urfa 1915
43:
2019:Committee of Union and Progress
1708:Armenians in the Ottoman Empire
1343:Encyclopædia Britannica Company
1263:Michigan State University Press
1060:Hohanissian, Richard G (1997).
18:Armenian resistance (1914–1918)
1723:Hamidian massacres (1894–1897)
1524:Resistance during the genocide
1399:Political and military leaders
1198:Genocide Studies International
893:Genocide Studies International
1:
2130:Assassination of Talaat Pasha
1759:Ottoman Empire in World War I
1448:Kum Kapu demonstration (1890)
1125:10.1080/13602004.2019.1654187
1094:10.1080/14794012.2018.1482714
866:10.1080/13602004.2019.1654187
1728:Young Turk Revolution (1908)
1463:Ottoman Bank Takeover (1896)
1396:Persecution of the Armenians
1307:Suny, Ronald Grigor (2015).
1257:Mouradian, Khatchig (2021).
1238:. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
1225:Kurdoghlian, Mihran (1996).
1181:10.1080/14623528.2010.528999
1168:Journal of Genocide Research
1022:Kurdoghlian, Mihran (1996).
997:Mouradian, Khatchig (2021).
824:10.1080/14623528.2010.528999
812:Journal of Genocide Research
776:Mouradian, Khatchig (2021).
738:Mouradian, Khatchig (2016).
706:Mouradian, Khatchig (2021).
632:Suny, Ronald Grigor (2015).
590:Mouradian, Khatchig (2016).
394:Armenian congress at Erzurum
2321:1910s in the Ottoman Empire
2300:Hitler's Armenian reference
2295:Assassination of Hrant Dink
2170:The Forty Days of Musa Dagh
926:Hinterhoff, Eugene (1984).
240:Սասնոյ առաջին ապստամբութիւն
2357:
1473:Khanasor Expedition (1897)
1458:Zeitun rebellion (1895–96)
1443:Gugunian Expedition (1890)
1381:Armenian national movement
1315:Princeton University Press
1043:; Torossian, Aram (1918).
386:Armenian National Assembly
378:Armenian National Congress
346:
317:Armenian Resistance Forces
2199:Witnesses and testimonies
1421:Battle of Halidzor (1727)
1387:
887:Kaligian, Dikran (2014).
567:
336:. Important members were
289:
239:
202:Unsuccessful resistance:
1921:Post-genocide population
1640:Armenian volunteer units
1240:Harvard University Press
102:Armenian irregular units
2086:Foreign aid and relief
1911:Pre-genocide population
1749:1914 Greek deportations
1493:Battle of Sulukh (1907)
1416:Syunik rebellion (1722)
1338:Encyclopædia Britannica
1049:. Hairenik. p. 22.
806:Kaiser, Hilmar (2010).
113:Humanitarian resistance
2273:Late Ottoman genocides
2065:International response
1646:French Armenian Legion
1453:Sasun rebellion (1894)
1433:Zeitun uprising (1862)
1041:Pasdermadjian, Garegin
657:Morris, Benny (2019).
537:
453:
363:
329:
177:
128:
51:This article contains
38:
1795:20 Hunchakian gallows
1744:1914 Armenian reforms
1733:Adana massacre (1909)
1483:Sasun uprising (1904)
1438:Bashkale clash (1889)
535:
487:Russian Caucasus Army
445:
361:
342:Karekin Pastermadjian
324:
175:
141:given circumstances.
136:Individual resistance
126:
33:
2090:Near East Foundation
2056:Special Organization
1814:Concentration camps
1764:Battle of Sarikamish
438:Battle of Sarikamish
2147:Cultural depictions
1998:Rescue of Armenians
1916:Genocide casualties
1754:Congress at Erzerum
1718:Turkish nationalism
952:Erickson, Edward J.
277:Khanasor Expedition
71:Armenian resistance
2137:Treaty of Lausanne
2003:Turkish opposition
1504:Hamidian massacres
1468:Van Defense (1896)
1210:10.3138/gsi.8.2.06
1148:St. Martin's Press
905:10.3138/gsi.8.2.06
538:
504:Battle of Erzinjan
454:
451:The Twenty Martyrs
415:Bergmann Offensive
364:
330:
290:Խանասորի Արշաւանքը
270:Hamidian massacres
255:Hamidian massacres
178:
129:
39:
2308:
2307:
2236:100th anniversary
2125:Operation Nemesis
1899:
1898:
1713:Armenian question
1694:Armenian genocide
1660:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1602:Political parties
1587:Drastamat Kanayan
1516:Armenian genocide
1410:Until World War I
1341:(12th ed.).
1324:978-0-691-14730-7
1272:978-1-61186-385-7
1249:978-0-674-91645-6
1157:978-0-312-10169-5
1008:978-1-61186-385-7
971:978-0-313-31516-9
787:978-1-61186-385-7
717:978-1-61186-385-7
668:978-0-674-91645-6
643:978-1-4008-6558-1
434:December 29, 1914
419:Caucasus Campaign
338:Murad of Sebastia
325:Defenders of the
98:fedayeen/ fedayis
75:Armenian genocide
59:rendering support
16:(Redirected from
2348:
2331:1910s in Armenia
2253:notable visitors
2226:Hidden Armenians
2155:Ravished Armenia
2077:Imperial Germany
1986:Shabin-Karahisar
1958:Armenian militia
1926:Hidden Armenians
1836:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1664:
1541:Shabin-Karahisar
1390:
1374:
1367:
1360:
1351:
1346:
1328:
1303:
1292:10.4000/eac.1023
1276:
1253:
1230:
1221:
1192:
1175:(3–4): 173–218.
1161:
1136:
1105:
1066:
1065:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1037:
1028:
1027:
1019:
1013:
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994:
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948:
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916:
884:
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877:
849:
836:
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803:
792:
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773:
762:
761:
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757:10.4000/eac.1023
735:
722:
721:
703:
697:
696:
684:
673:
672:
654:
648:
647:
629:
614:
613:
611:
609:10.4000/eac.1023
587:
569:
536:Armenian harissa
522:Battle of Abaran
292:
291:
247:Zeitun Rebellion
241:
228:Sasun resistance
47:
46:
21:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2261:
2248:Tsitsernakaberd
2187:
2141:
2101:
2060:
2049:Bahaeddin Şakir
2007:
1944:
1895:
1834:
1768:
1696:
1691:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1596:
1555:
1497:
1383:
1378:
1331:
1325:
1306:
1279:
1273:
1256:
1250:
1242:. p. 486.
1233:
1224:
1195:
1164:
1158:
1150:. p. 299.
1139:
1108:
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1074:
1069:
1059:
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1054:
1039:
1038:
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1021:
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655:
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644:
631:
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617:
589:
588:
584:
580:
556:
554:Art and culture
518:May 24–26, 1918
513:
496:
463:
369:
356:
351:
327:Urfa Resistance
319:
220:
206:The village of
166:
150:
138:
110:
79:first World War
68:
67:
66:
57:Without proper
48:
44:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2313:
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2286:
2285:
2280:
2278:Greek genocide
2275:
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2115:Courts-martial
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2082:Press coverage
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2036:
2031:
2026:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1960:
1954:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1935:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1735:
1730:
1725:
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1715:
1710:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1692:
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1689:
1682:
1675:
1667:
1658:
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1650:
1649:
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1637:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1592:Garegin Nzhdeh
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1572:Kevork Chavush
1569:
1564:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1513:
1510:Adana massacre
1507:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1345:. p. 198.
1333:Chisholm, Hugh
1329:
1323:
1304:
1277:
1271:
1265:. p. 28.
1254:
1248:
1231:
1222:
1204:(2): 208–223.
1193:
1162:
1156:
1137:
1119:(3): 432–455.
1106:
1088:(3): 295–316.
1073:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1052:
1029:
1014:
1007:
986:
977:
970:
964:. p. 54.
943:
936:
918:
899:(2): 208–223.
879:
860:(3): 432–455.
837:
793:
786:
763:
723:
716:
698:
674:
667:
649:
642:
615:
581:
579:
578:Reference list
576:
560:Harissa (dish)
555:
552:
551:
550:
547:Battle of Baku
530:
529:
512:
509:
508:
507:
495:
492:
491:
490:
483:Defense of Van
471:
468:March 25, 1915
462:
459:
458:
457:
456:
455:
430:
397:
382:Russian Empire
368:
365:
355:
352:
318:
315:
314:
313:
302:Sasun uprising
298:
295:Defense of Van
273:
262:Defense of Van
258:
243:
219:
216:
215:
214:
197:
196:
189:
186:Defence of Van
165:
162:
149:
146:
137:
134:
109:
106:
91:Defence of Van
61:, you may see
49:
42:
41:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2353:
2342:
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2334:
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2329:
2327:
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2254:
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2250:
2249:
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2237:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2209:United States
2207:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1805:Forced labour
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1683:
1681:
1676:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1582:Aram Manukian
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1567:Aghbiur Serob
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1375:
1370:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1286:(7): 87–103.
1285:
1284:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1063:
1056:
1053:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1018:
1015:
1010:
1004:
1000:
993:
991:
987:
981:
978:
973:
967:
963:
959:
958:
953:
947:
944:
939:
937:0-86307-181-3
933:
929:
922:
919:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
883:
880:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
848:
846:
844:
842:
838:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
802:
800:
798:
794:
789:
783:
779:
772:
770:
768:
764:
758:
753:
750:(7): 87–103.
749:
745:
741:
734:
732:
730:
728:
724:
719:
713:
709:
702:
699:
694:
690:
683:
681:
679:
675:
670:
664:
660:
653:
650:
645:
639:
635:
628:
626:
624:
622:
620:
616:
610:
605:
602:(7): 87–103.
601:
597:
593:
586:
583:
577:
575:
573:
565:
561:
553:
548:
544:
540:
539:
534:
527:
523:
520:, during the
519:
515:
514:
510:
505:
501:
498:
497:
493:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
469:
465:
464:
460:
452:
448:
444:
439:
435:
431:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
409:
405:
404:
402:
398:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
370:
366:
360:
353:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
328:
323:
316:
311:
307:
303:
299:
296:
286:
282:
281:July 25, 1897
278:
274:
271:
267:
263:
259:
256:
252:
248:
244:
237:
233:
229:
225:
224:
223:
217:
212:
210:
205:
204:
203:
200:
194:
190:
187:
183:
182:
181:
174:
170:
163:
161:
158:
154:
147:
145:
142:
135:
133:
125:
121:
118:
114:
107:
105:
103:
99:
94:
92:
86:
84:
83:death marches
80:
76:
72:
64:
60:
56:
54:
37:
32:
19:
2175:
2168:
2154:
2120:Malta exiles
2012:Perpetrators
1962:By location
1949:
1937:
1823:Ra's al-'Ayn
1800:Confiscation
1632:
1523:
1337:
1309:
1281:
1258:
1235:
1226:
1201:
1197:
1172:
1166:
1146:. New York:
1142:
1116:
1110:
1085:
1079:
1072:Bibliography
1061:
1055:
1045:
1023:
1017:
998:
980:
956:
946:
927:
921:
896:
892:
882:
857:
853:
818:(3–4): 174.
815:
811:
777:
747:
743:
707:
701:
692:
688:
658:
652:
633:
599:
595:
585:
557:
542:
517:
499:
478:
474:
467:
433:
410:
407:
400:
373:
331:
305:
280:
265:
251:1895-to 1896
250:
231:
221:
208:
201:
198:
179:
167:
152:
151:
143:
139:
130:
112:
111:
97:
95:
87:
70:
69:
50:
36:siege of Van
2216:Reparations
2204:Recognition
2177:The Promise
2107:Prosecution
1830:Terminology
1818:Deir ez-Zor
1740:(1912–1913)
1738:Balkan Wars
1648:(1916–1920)
1642:(1914–1917)
526:Bash Abaran
475:April / May
427:Doğubeyazıt
408:November 2,
401:August 1914
392:during the
153:Information
77:during the
2315:Categories
1950:Resistance
1939:Vorpahavak
1904:Demography
1861:Diyarbekir
1790:Tehcir Law
1701:Background
447:Hunchakian
374:July 1914,
347:See also:
100:) and the
2243:Memorials
2192:Aftermath
1976:Musa Dagh
1933:Survivors
1886:Trebizond
1839:By region
1810:Mass rape
1608:Armenakan
1551:Musa Dagh
1506:(1894–96)
1300:2269-5281
1218:2291-1847
1189:1462-3528
1133:1360-2004
1102:1479-4012
962:Greenwood
913:154744150
874:203108292
695:(3): 296.
572:Musa Dagh
543:September
449:leaders,
193:Musa Dagh
1773:Genocide
1577:Andranik
1335:(1920).
954:(2001).
832:72078559
564:Armenian
423:Karaköse
384:and the
285:Armenian
236:Armenian
211:resisted
53:Armenian
2266:Related
2039:Djevdet
1866:Erzurum
1614:Hunchak
1393:History
380:of the
312:region.
310:Sassoun
2221:Denial
2183:others
2044:Reshid
2034:Djemal
2024:Talaat
1966:Zeitun
1871:Harput
1856:Bitlis
1851:Aleppo
1780:Causes
1634:Fedayi
1622:(1890)
1616:(1887)
1610:(1885)
1531:Zeitun
1518:(1915)
1512:(1909)
1321:
1298:
1269:
1246:
1216:
1187:
1154:
1131:
1100:
1005:
968:
934:
911:
872:
830:
784:
714:
665:
640:
568:Հարիսա
413:, the
340:, and
117:church
2283:Sayfo
2029:Enver
1991:Azakh
1881:Sivas
1846:Adana
1627:Units
1562:Arabo
909:S2CID
870:S2CID
828:S2CID
500:1916,
249:from
188:1915.
55:text.
2163:film
2159:book
1981:Urfa
1546:Urfa
1319:ISBN
1296:ISSN
1267:ISBN
1244:ISBN
1214:ISSN
1185:ISSN
1152:ISBN
1129:ISSN
1098:ISSN
1003:ISBN
966:ISBN
932:ISBN
782:ISBN
712:ISBN
663:ISBN
638:ISBN
511:1918
502:the
494:1916
479:1915
461:1915
425:and
411:1914
367:1914
306:1904
300:The
275:The
266:1896
260:The
245:The
232:1894
226:The
209:Urfa
184:the
1971:Van
1891:Van
1876:Muş
1536:Van
1288:doi
1206:doi
1177:doi
1121:doi
1090:doi
901:doi
862:doi
820:doi
752:doi
604:doi
562:" (
541:In
516:In
473:In
466:On
432:On
406:On
399:In
372:In
304:in
279:on
264:in
230:in
157:CUP
2317::
2161:,
1317:.
1294:.
1212:.
1200:.
1183:.
1173:12
1171:.
1127:.
1117:39
1115:.
1096:.
1086:16
1084:.
1032:^
989:^
960:.
907:.
895:.
891:.
868:.
858:39
856:.
840:^
826:.
816:12
814:.
810:.
796:^
766:^
746:.
742:.
726:^
693:16
691:.
677:^
618:^
598:.
594:.
566::
477:,
287::
242:).
238::
2165:)
2157:(
1686:e
1679:t
1672:v
1373:e
1366:t
1359:v
1327:.
1302:.
1290::
1275:.
1252:.
1220:.
1208::
1202:8
1191:.
1179::
1160:.
1135:.
1123::
1104:.
1092::
1011:.
974:.
940:.
915:.
903::
897:8
876:.
864::
834:.
822::
790:.
760:.
754::
748:7
720:.
671:.
646:.
612:.
606::
600:7
506:.
429:.
297:.
283:(
272:.
257:.
234:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
