962:
926:
998:
974:
986:
910:
695:
575:
542:
515:
938:
654:
426:
950:
1375:, for most of the types – not all, as you will see – can span the whole of the medieval period. Nor can you use the forms of cross and pommel to date a sword – hardly ever. There are a few, mostly in use in the 15th century, which are dateable to a few decades, and can be identified with a region; but most of the pommel-types and cross-styles span the whole period; besides, within those types and styles there must be an infinity of variation – personal, regional and in some cases plain careless on the part of the cutler who made them." Oakeshott (1991:64).
465:
631:
724:
836:
490:
604:
400:
42:
1293:"The size of a sword has not hitherto determined its type, but here, and in swords of the 14th and 15th centuries, it will be found to do so. The reason here is partly that the XIIIa's are very big weapons, partly because in their own time they were distinguished from their smaller contemporaries by the ter
822:
Blade length was usually from 69 to 81 centimetres (27 to 32 in); however, examples exist from 58 to 100 centimetres (23 to 39 in). Pommels were most commonly of the 'Brazil-nut' type from around 1000–1200 AD, with the 'wheel' pommel appearing in the 11th and predominating from the 13th to
826:
However, Oakeshott (1991) is emphatic on the point that a medieval sword cannot conclusively be dated based on its morphology. While there are some general trends in the development of fashion, many of the most popular styles of pommels, hilts and blades remain in use throughout the duration of the
897:
type in the 14th century. Subtype XIIIb describes smaller single-handed swords of similar shape. The form classified as type XIV develops towards the very end of the high medieval period, around 1270, and remained popular during the early decades of the 14th century. They are often depicted on the
1017:
groups medieval pommel shapes into 24 categories (some with subtypes). Type A is the "brazil-nut" shape inherited from the classical "Viking sword". Type B includes more rounded forms of A, including the "mushroom" or "tea-cosy" shape. Type C is the "cocked-hat" shape also found in Viking swords,
888:
Type XIII is the knightly sword typical of the later 13th century. Swords of this type have long, wide blades with parallel edges, terminating in a rounded or spatulate tip, and with a lens-shaped cross-section. The hilts become somewhat longer, about 15 cm (5.9 in), to allow occasional
1033:
Types T to Z are pommel shapes used in the late medieval period; T is the "fig" or "pear" or "scent-stopper" shape, first used in the early 14th century, but seen with any frequency only after 1360, with numerous derived forms well into the 16th century. U is a "key-shaped" type used only in the
1025:
Types L to S are rare shapes, in many cases difficult to date. Type L has a trefoil-like shape; it is possibly limited to Spain in the 12th to 13th centuries. Type M is a special derived variant of the multi-lobed pommel of the Viking Age, found only in a very limited number of swords (see
880:
period, showing a tapering blade with a shortened fuller. Subtype XIIa comprises the longer and more massive "great-swords" which developed in the mid-13th century, probably designed to counter improvements in mail armour; these are the predecessors of the late medieval longsword (see also
291:) do not necessarily indicate their morphology, but simply their relative size. Oakeshott (1964) notes that this changes in the late medieval period, beginning towards the end of the 13th century, when the "bastard sword" appeared as an early type of what developed into the 15th-century
425:
1046:
Many
European sword blades of the high medieval period have blade inscriptions. Inscribed blades were particularly popular during the 12th century. Many of these inscriptions are garbled strings of letters, often apparently inspired by religious formulae, especially the phrase
1021:
Type G is the disk-pommel found very frequently in medieval swords. Type H is a variant of the disk pommel, with the edges chamfered off. This is one of the most frequently found shapes throughout the 10th to 15th centuries. I, J and K are derived variants of the disk pommel.
653:
949:
818:
A more recent typology is due to Geibig (1991). Geibig's typology focuses on swords from continental the transitional period from the early to the high medieval period (early 8th to late 12th centuries) and does not extend to the late medieval period.
245:
when worn as a side-arm, but as a modern term it may also refer to any single-handed sword in a late medieval context. The terms "knight's sword" or "knightly sword" are modern terms to specify the sword of the high medieval period.
925:
937:
961:
694:
574:
902:
of
English knights of the period, but there are few surviving specimens. Continuations of the knightly sword as the "arming sword" type of the late medieval period correspond to Oakeshott types XV, XVI and XVIII.
541:
985:
997:
514:
201:, specialised for use against more heavily armoured opponents. After the end of the medieval period, the arming sword developed into several forms of the early modern one-handed straight swords, such as the
1030:). Types P ("shield-shaped") and Q ("flower-shaped") are not even known to be attested in any surviving sword and known only from period artwork. R is a spherical pommel, known only from a few specimens.
909:
630:
197:
Though the majority of late-medieval arming swords kept their blade properties from previous centuries, there are also surviving specimens from the 15th century that took the form of a late-medieval
973:
1388:, where it had been preserved in a leather case at least since the 15th century, it was transferred to the Royal Chapel at Turin in 1591 along with the relics of the saint on the order of
489:
464:
1185:
603:
171:
and a blade length of about 70 to 80 centimetres (28 to 31 in). This type is frequently depicted in period artwork, and numerous examples have been preserved archaeologically.
366:
type of "Viking" (actually
Carolingian/Frankish) swords began to exhibit a more slender blade geometry, moving the center of mass closer to the hilt to improve wieldability.
955:
Replica of the "Tritonia" sword (kept at the Museum of
Medieval Stockholm, Sweden, dated to c. 1300), a type XIIIb sword with a rare type of spherical pommel (type R)
233:) is first used in the 15th century to refer to the single-handed type of sword after it had ceased to serve as the main weapon and was on its way to being used as a
723:
399:
1432:
Corpus archäologischer
Quellen zur FrĂĽhgeschichte auf dem Gebiet der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik (7.-12. Jahrhundert), Akademie-Verlag, Berlin (1985), p. 376.
1305:. ... The two-hander of the 13th–15th centuries was not, as in the 16th, a specialised form of weapon; it was just an outsize specimen." (Oakeshott 1964, p. 42)
889:
two-handed use. The pommels are mostly of the brazil-nut or disk shapes. Subtype XIIIa has longer blades and hilts. These are the knightly "great-swords", or
1598:
249:
Period terminology for swords is somewhat fluid. Mostly, the common type of sword in any given period would simply be referred to as "sword" (English
1034:
second half of the 15th century. V is the "fish-tail" pommel, used in the 15th century. Z is the "cat's head" shape apparently used exclusively in
1173:
1528:
1352:
1156:
2949:
1509:
1389:
790:
2954:
1199:
2031:
1591:
1205:
660:
1081:
Many blade inscriptions of the later 12th and 13th centuries are even more indecipherable, bearing no resemblance to the
1062:
The 12th-century fashion for blade inscriptions is based on the earlier, 9th to 11th century, tradition of the so-called
2441:
1066:. A single stray find from Eastern Germany, dated to the late 11th or possibly early 12th century, combines both an
861:
The common "knightly swords" of the high medieval period (11th to early 12th centuries) fall under types X to XII.
2944:
2536:
1615:
1584:
497:
2939:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1611:
1576:
1150:
872:
by the 11th century. Type XI shows the development towards a more tapering point seen during the 12th century.
2874:
2800:
405:
1557:
The Ideals and
Practice of Medieval Knighthood III: Papers from the Fourth Strawberry Hill Conference, 1988
2366:
1754:
1746:
1393:
2337:
943:
Replica of the "Sword of Saint
Maurice" kept in Turin, a type XII sword with "brazil nut" pommel (type A)
1118:
1014:
835:
298:
The term "romanesque sword" does not see significant use in
English, but it is more current in French (
2667:
2073:
2718:
183:
2356:
2713:
2597:
2414:
2394:
1997:
1929:
1865:
1789:
786:
772:
730:
409:
341:
811:
in 1960, mostly based on blade morphology. Oakeshott (1964) introduced an additional typology for
1224:
1035:
931:
Replica of a type XI sword with a "cocked-hat" pommel (type D), typical of the early 13th century
873:
802:
548:
381:
came to predominate, the single-handed sword was retained as a common sidearm, especially of the
160:
2768:
701:
2607:
2581:
1524:
1505:
1348:
1315:
778:
668:
317:
175:
2723:
2662:
2068:
1281:
2784:
2512:
2304:
1664:
1145:
899:
187:
140:
2692:
967:
Replica of a type XIV sword with a "wheel" pommel (type J), typical of the period 1270–1340
186:(14th and 15th centuries), late forms of these swords continued to be used, but often as a
2682:
2319:
2270:
2250:
2107:
1679:
1607:
1564:
Das
Reichsschwert: Ein Herrschaftszeichen des Saliers Heinrich IV. und des Welfen Otto IV.
1456:
1219:
1168:
1063:
808:
636:
444:
436:
2647:
2571:
2566:
2471:
2466:
2456:
2404:
2327:
2224:
2087:
1842:
1687:
1234:
1229:
1162:
1141:
849:
782:
642:
2933:
2522:
2481:
1909:
1895:
1875:
1822:
1802:
1797:
1626:
1194:
760:
614:
581:
552:
525:
345:
202:
991:
Replica of a type XVI sword (pommel type K) typical of the early-to-mid 14th century
190:, at that point called "arming swords" and contrasting with the two-handed, heavier
2592:
2517:
2497:
2476:
2275:
2209:
2016:
1880:
1759:
1473:
1418:
1244:
1098:
1027:
916:
882:
869:
865:
472:
351:
179:
2882:
2752:
2063:
2047:
1870:
1827:
1442:
T. Wagner et al., "Medieval
Christian invocation inscriptions of sword blades",
1405:
521:
390:
385:
type, and came to be referred to as an "arming sword", later evolving into the
267:
etc.). During the high medieval period, references to swords as "great sword" (
41:
2827:
2587:
2374:
2195:
2190:
2102:
1945:
1807:
1476:, Friedrich E. GrĂĽnzweig: "Ein Schwert mit Inschrift aus Pernik (Bulgarien)",
1239:
1112:
1003:
Replica of a type XVIII sword (pommel type V) typical of the late 15th century
853:
785:
in the 16th century. This type influenced the development of the early modern
386:
355:
234:
216:
191:
2708:
2551:
2159:
1981:
1950:
1812:
1769:
1731:
1249:
894:
378:
362:. Already in the 10th century, some of the "finest and most elegant" of the
333:
292:
164:
17:
2128:
440:
369:
The one-handed sword of the high medieval period was typically used with a
2864:
2627:
2617:
2556:
2384:
2379:
2332:
2185:
2180:
2143:
2138:
1976:
1966:
1890:
1779:
1774:
1716:
877:
363:
2887:
2859:
2677:
2672:
2642:
2502:
2427:
2399:
2351:
2309:
2255:
2133:
2002:
1885:
1860:
1832:
1711:
1697:
1669:
1127:
1123:
664:
374:
316:), identifying the swords as being contemporary with the corresponding
1544:
North, Anthony (1994), "Swords and Hilt Weapons" in: Anne Cope (ed.),
354:. The most evident morphological development is the appearance of the
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2832:
2657:
2637:
2602:
2576:
2561:
2461:
2342:
2265:
2260:
2234:
2164:
1850:
1721:
1702:
1539:
Beiträge zur morphologischen Entwicklung des Schwertes im Mittelalter
1385:
807:
The most widespread typology for the medieval sword was developed by
766:
752:
370:
359:
329:
211:
206:
1278:
A Glossary of the Construction, Decoration and Use of Arms and Armor
979:
Replica of a type XV sword, typical of the early-to-mid 15th century
443:, depicts two combatants with helmets and kite shields, one with a
280:
274:
256:
238:
237:. "Arming sword" in late medieval usage specifically refers to the
228:
2652:
2632:
2622:
2612:
2507:
2389:
2347:
2229:
2123:
1971:
1855:
1817:
1707:
1692:
1181:
1131:
852:
blade, presumably intended for use from horseback, with a type A "
845:
746:
672:
382:
337:
240:
198:
116:
62:
1555:
850–1300", in Christopher Harper-Bill, Ruth Harvey (eds.),
1384:
Formerly kept in the Treasury of the Abbey of St. Maurice in the
1085:
phrase, sometimes resembling random strings of letters, such as
2687:
2422:
1924:
1736:
1726:
1300:
1177:
1135:
812:
610:
358:. The transitional swords of the 11th century are also known as
268:
250:
168:
127:
1580:
844:, one of the best-preserved 13th-century swords, now kept in
659:
Melee combat between knights on horseback (troops of emperor
495:
Soldiers in mail armour with swords, German miniature of the
1551:
Peirce, Ian (1990), "The Development of the Medieval Sword
350:
The knightly sword developed in the 11th century from the
789:
which in turn developed into the modern (Napoleonic era)
639:
with sword and shield depicted in the Dresden ms. of the
178:(10th to 13th centuries) developed gradually from the
1421:
for an online summary of Oakeshott's pommel typology.
310:), and especially in Slavic languages (such as Czech
2873:
2852:
2845:
2820:
2813:
2793:
2777:
2761:
2745:
2736:
2701:
2544:
2535:
2490:
2449:
2440:
2413:
2365:
2318:
2297:
2288:
2243:
2217:
2208:
2173:
2152:
2116:
2095:
2086:
2056:
2040:
2024:
2015:
1990:
1959:
1938:
1917:
1908:
1841:
1788:
1745:
1678:
1657:
1650:
1559:, Boydell & Brewer Ltd, pp. 139–158.
126:
115:
102:
94:
86:
81:
73:
68:
58:
32:
1367:"I must reiterate my firm belief that you cannot
876:is a further development, typical throughout the
470:Detail of a sword being drawn from its scabbard,
1110:Knightly swords are used by many characters in
580:Illustration of combat with sword and buckler,
777:was a heavier single-handed sword used by the
1592:
770:
758:
750:
520:Painting of a fighter with sword, helmet and
8:
1478:Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik
1294:
856:" pommel. (Replica by Peter Johnsson, 2005.)
705:
640:
585:
556:
305:
299:
919:, typical of the mid-11th to 12th centuries
676:
311:
286:
262:
147:(sometimes academically categorized as the
2849:
2817:
2742:
2541:
2446:
2294:
2214:
2092:
2021:
1914:
1654:
1599:
1585:
1577:
1394:Saint Maurice of Turin (albion-swords.com)
868:as it developed out of the early medieval
40:
29:
1461:British Library Medieval manuscripts blog
412:, showing the king as an armed horseman,
1573:. Braunschweig: Klinkhardt and Biermann.
1523:. Great Britain: Pen & Sword Books.
1347:. Great Britain: Pen & Sword Books.
834:
377:. In the late medieval period, when the
1260:
1018:with D, E and F derived variants of C.
905:
765:, the predecessors of the early modern
749:arming sword develops into the Spanish
745:At the end of the medieval period, the
729:Painting of Condottiere Pippo Spano by
395:
320:in art history (roughly 1000 to 1300).
7:
1406:Spotlight: Oakeshott Type XIV Swords
1157:The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
617:on fighting with sword and buckler,
447:, the other with a sword (inscribed
27:Straight, double-edged bladed weapon
1457:"Magna Carta: Law, Liberty, Legacy"
893:which seamlessly develop into the
700:Mounted combat with swords at the
25:
1566:Jan Thorbecke Verlag Sigmaringen.
1446:51(1), 2009, 11–52 (p. 24).
1430:Herrman, J. and Donat P. (eds.),
1390:Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy
769:. In a separate development, the
133:One-handed cruciform, with pommel
1494:The Sword in the Age of Chivalry
996:
984:
972:
960:
948:
936:
924:
908:
722:
693:
652:
629:
602:
573:
540:
513:
488:
463:
424:
398:
1200:Transformers: Age of Extinction
1144:uses a knightly sword given by
279:) or "small" or "short sword" (
174:The high medieval sword of the
90:avg. 1.1 kg (2.4 lb)
1188:The Voyage of the Dawn Treader
547:Illustration mock combat in a
1:
1642:Straight swords (Double-edge)
1502:Records of the Medieval Sword
1330:Records of the Medieval Sword
1206:Transformers: The Last Knight
734:
711:
682:
618:
591:
562:
529:
502:
477:
452:
413:
163:weapon with a single-handed,
122:Double-edged, straight bladed
47:
2041:Iron Age – Three Kingdom Era
1504:. Boydell & Brewer Inc.
1180:-themed pommel in honour of
707:Grandes Chroniques de France
106:avg. 75 cm (30 in)
98:avg. 90 cm (35 in)
1637:Curved swords (Single-edge)
1632:Thrusting swords (Edgeless)
1184:, and is used by Edmund on
182:of the 9th century. In the
2971:
1492:Oakeshott, Ewart (1964),
1301:
1095:+IHININIhVILPIDHINIhVILPN+
800:
678:Codex Balduini Trevirensis
327:
1622:
1562:Schulze-Dörrlamm (1995).
1500:Oakeshott, Ewart (1991).
1328:Oakeshott, Ewart (1960).
1295:
1197:uses a knightly sword in
498:Massacre of the Innocents
227:The term "arming sword" (
110:
39:
2950:Medieval European swords
2117:Heian – Kamakura periods
1151:The Chronicles of Narnia
891:Grans espées d'Allemagne
2801:Phra Saeng Khan Chai Si
2174:Meiji period and beyond
2153:Muromachi – Edo periods
1546:Swords and Hilt Weapons
1444:Waffen- und KostĂĽmkunde
611:Royal Armouries MS I.33
281:
275:
269:
257:
251:
239:
229:
2955:Renaissance-era swords
2032:Liaoning bronze dagger
1755:Migration Period sword
1276:George Cameron Stone,
858:
842:Sword of Saint Maurice
771:
759:
751:
706:
677:
641:
586:
557:
312:
306:
300:
287:
263:
209:, the cavalry-focused
2367:Post-classical period
2057:Goryeo and Joseon era
2025:Bronze Age – Gojoseon
1747:Post-classical period
1519:Loades, Mike (2010).
1408:(myarmory.com, 2004).
1343:Loades, Mike (2010).
1119:The Lord of the Rings
915:Replica of a type X
838:
387:cut and thrust swords
328:Further information:
215:and certain types of
167:(i.e., cross-shaped)
157:knightly arming sword
2702:Spanish colonization
2096:Yayoi – Nara periods
1521:Swords and Swordsmen
1345:Swords and Swordsmen
1267:Oakeshott (1997:44).
1186:the film version of
1091:+NDXOXCHWDRGHDXORVI+
184:Late Medieval period
2415:Early modern period
2338:Parthian Long Sword
2244:Medieval and modern
1866:Basket-hilted sword
1790:Early modern period
1537:Geibig, A. (1991),
787:basket-hilted sword
731:Andrea del Castagno
410:Henry II of England
342:Basket-hilted sword
307:romanisches Schwert
2762:Post-Classic stage
2395:Turko-Mongol Sabre
1843:Late modern period
1569:Seitz, H. (1967).
1296:'espées de Guerre'
1225:Oakeshott typology
1087:ERTISSDXCNERTISSDX
1042:Blade inscriptions
859:
827:High Middle Ages.
803:Oakeshott typology
159:) was a straight,
2925:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2841:
2840:
2821:Pre-Columbian era
2809:
2808:
2732:
2731:
2531:
2530:
2436:
2435:
2284:
2283:
2204:
2203:
2082:
2081:
2011:
2010:
1904:
1903:
1530:978-1-84884-133-8
1354:978-1-84884-133-8
1172:. The version in
857:
848:. It has a heavy
781:bodyguard of the
669:Guido della Torre
587:Von Scharpfenberg
558:Herzog von Anhalt
318:Romanesque period
176:Romanesque period
137:
136:
103:Blade length
16:(Redirected from
2962:
2945:European weapons
2850:
2818:
2785:Preah Khan Reach
2743:
2542:
2513:Langgai Tinggang
2447:
2305:Bronze Age sword
2295:
2215:
2093:
2074:Four Tiger Sword
2022:
1915:
1665:Bronze Age sword
1655:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1578:
1534:
1515:
1481:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1453:
1447:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1415:
1409:
1402:
1396:
1382:
1376:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1325:
1319:
1312:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1146:Father Christmas
1083:in nomine domini
1072:in nomine domini
1049:in nomine domini
1000:
988:
976:
964:
952:
940:
928:
912:
839:
823:15th centuries.
776:
764:
757:and the Italian
756:
739:
736:
726:
716:
713:
709:
697:
687:
686: 1320–1340
684:
680:
663:defeating the
656:
646:
633:
623:
620:
606:
596:
595: 1305–1315
593:
589:
577:
567:
566: 1305–1315
564:
560:
544:
534:
531:
517:
507:
504:
492:
482:
479:
467:
457:
456: 1160–1180
454:
428:
418:
415:
402:
315:
309:
303:
290:
284:
278:
272:
266:
260:
254:
244:
232:
141:High Middle Ages
139:In the European
53:, British Museum
52:
51: 1250–1330
49:
44:
35:
30:
21:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2940:European swords
2930:
2929:
2926:
2917:
2869:
2837:
2805:
2789:
2773:
2757:
2738:
2728:
2697:
2527:
2486:
2432:
2409:
2361:
2314:
2290:
2280:
2271:Kayamkulam vaal
2239:
2200:
2169:
2148:
2112:
2078:
2052:
2036:
2007:
1986:
1955:
1934:
1900:
1837:
1784:
1741:
1674:
1646:
1618:
1612:classifications
1605:
1531:
1518:
1512:
1499:
1489:
1484:
1472:
1468:
1463:, 3 August 2015
1455:
1454:
1450:
1441:
1437:
1429:
1425:
1416:
1412:
1403:
1399:
1383:
1379:
1371:a sword by its
1366:
1362:
1355:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1313:
1309:
1302:'Grete Swerdes'
1292:
1288:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1220:Types of swords
1216:
1174:the film series
1169:The Last Battle
1107:
1078:) inscription.
1074:(in this case,
1064:Ulfberht swords
1044:
1015:pommel typology
1011:
1004:
1001:
992:
989:
980:
977:
968:
965:
956:
953:
944:
941:
932:
929:
920:
913:
840:Replica of the
833:
809:Ewart Oakeshott
805:
799:
741:
737:
727:
718:
714:
702:Battle of Crécy
698:
689:
685:
657:
648:
647:, 14th century.
637:Judicial combat
634:
625:
621:
607:
598:
594:
578:
569:
565:
545:
536:
532:
518:
509:
505:
493:
484:
480:
468:
459:
455:
451:on the blade),
429:
420:
416:
403:
348:
326:
225:
111:
74:In service
69:Service history
54:
50:
34:Knightly sword
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2968:
2966:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2932:
2931:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2879:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2856:
2854:
2847:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2824:
2822:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2740:
2739:Southeast Asia
2734:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2546:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2453:
2451:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2419:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2405:Mameluke sword
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2371:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2357:Sasanian Sword
2354:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2328:Iron Age sword
2324:
2322:
2320:Ancient period
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2301:
2299:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2099:
2097:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2028:
2026:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1921:
1919:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1794:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1751:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1688:Iron Age sword
1684:
1682:
1680:Ancient period
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1661:
1659:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1616:historical era
1614:by region and
1606:
1604:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1529:
1516:
1510:
1497:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1466:
1448:
1435:
1423:
1410:
1397:
1377:
1360:
1353:
1335:
1320:
1307:
1286:
1269:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1235:Lobera (sword)
1232:
1230:Imperial Sword
1227:
1222:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1192:
1163:Prince Caspian
1142:Peter Pevensie
1139:
1106:
1103:
1043:
1040:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1002:
995:
993:
990:
983:
981:
978:
971:
969:
966:
959:
957:
954:
947:
945:
942:
935:
933:
930:
923:
921:
914:
907:
864:Type X is the
832:
829:
801:Main article:
798:
795:
783:Doge of Venice
743:
742:
728:
721:
719:
699:
692:
690:
667:revolt led by
658:
651:
649:
643:Sachsenspiegel
635:
628:
626:
608:
601:
599:
590:, fol. 204r),
579:
572:
570:
546:
539:
537:
519:
512:
510:
494:
487:
485:
469:
462:
460:
431:The so-called
430:
423:
421:
404:
397:
325:
322:
230:espées d'armes
224:
221:
155:, or in full,
149:knightly sword
143:, the typical
135:
134:
131:
124:
123:
120:
113:
112:
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
82:Specifications
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2967:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2928:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:Ancient Egypt
2851:
2848:
2844:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2812:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2770:
2769:Krabi–krabong
2767:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:Classic stage
2744:
2741:
2735:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2714:Espada y daga
2712:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2524:
2523:Sikin Panjang
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2287:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1897:
1896:Sword bayonet
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1876:Hunting sword
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1823:Espada ropera
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1803:Spada da lato
1801:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1627:Swordsmanship
1625:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1602:
1597:
1595:
1590:
1588:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1572:
1571:Blankwaffen 1
1568:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1511:0-85115-566-9
1507:
1503:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1419:myarmoury.com
1414:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1356:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1336:
1331:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1314:Peirce (1990:
1311:
1308:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1264:
1261:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1195:Optimus Prime
1193:
1190:
1189:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1076:+IINIOMINEDMN
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1051:and the word
1050:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1031:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1008:
999:
994:
987:
982:
975:
970:
963:
958:
951:
946:
939:
934:
927:
922:
918:
911:
906:
904:
901:
900:tomb effigies
896:
892:
886:
884:
879:
875:
871:
867:
862:
855:
851:
847:
843:
837:
830:
828:
824:
820:
816:
814:
810:
804:
796:
794:
792:
791:cavalry sword
788:
784:
780:
775:
774:
768:
763:
762:
761:spada da lato
755:
754:
753:espada ropera
748:
732:
725:
720:
708:
703:
696:
691:
679:
674:
670:
666:
662:
655:
650:
645:
644:
638:
632:
627:
616:
615:combat manual
612:
605:
600:
588:
583:
582:Codex Manesse
576:
571:
561:, fol. 17r),
559:
554:
553:Codex Manesse
550:
543:
538:
527:
526:Gothem Church
523:
516:
511:
500:
499:
491:
486:
475:
474:
466:
461:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
427:
422:
411:
407:
401:
396:
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
367:
365:
361:
360:Norman swords
357:
353:
347:
346:Spada da lato
343:
339:
335:
331:
323:
321:
319:
314:
308:
302:
296:
294:
289:
283:
277:
271:
265:
259:
253:
247:
243:
242:
236:
231:
222:
220:
218:
214:
213:
212:Reiterschwert
208:
204:
200:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
132:
129:
125:
121:
118:
114:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
80:
76:
72:
67:
64:
61:
57:
46:Sword, dated
43:
38:
31:
19:
2927:
2593:Dahong palay
2518:Parang Nabur
2498:Keris bahari
2450:Early period
2291:Central Asia
1881:Pistol sword
1765:Arming sword
1764:
1760:Viking sword
1570:
1563:
1556:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1520:
1501:
1493:
1477:
1474:Pernik sword
1469:
1460:
1451:
1443:
1438:
1431:
1426:
1413:
1404:Chad Arnow,
1400:
1380:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1344:
1338:
1329:
1323:
1310:
1289:
1277:
1272:
1263:
1245:Norman sword
1204:
1198:
1187:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1117:
1111:
1099:Pernik sword
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1032:
1028:Cawood sword
1024:
1020:
1013:Oakeshott's
1012:
917:Norman sword
890:
887:
883:Cawood sword
870:Viking sword
866:Norman sword
863:
860:
841:
825:
821:
817:
806:
744:
524:, fresco in
496:
473:Morgan Bible
471:
448:
437:GrossmĂĽnster
433:Guido-Relief
432:
368:
352:Viking sword
349:
313:románský meč
297:
288:parvus ensis
282:espée courte
248:
226:
210:
196:
180:Viking sword
173:
161:double-edged
156:
153:arming sword
152:
148:
144:
138:
77:c. 1000–1500
18:Arming sword
2814:Mesoamerica
2537:Philippines
2491:Late period
2289:Western and
2064:Bonguk geom
2048:Hwandudaedo
1960:Ming – Qing
1871:Small sword
1828:Swiss degen
1608:Sword types
738: 1450
715: 1415
710:fol. 152v,
622: 1300
609:Fol. 4v of
533: 1300
522:kite shield
506: 1250
481: 1250
417: 1154
391:Renaissance
304:), German (
301:epée romane
276:grant espée
270:grete swerd
223:Terminology
2934:Categories
2828:Macuahuitl
2584:(Binangon)
2375:Arab sword
2298:Prehistory
2196:Shikomizue
1946:Hook sword
1808:Katzbalger
1798:Zweihänder
1658:Prehistory
1487:References
1480:61 (2006).
1240:Szczerbiec
1122:including
1113:The Hobbit
1053:benedictus
854:Brazil-nut
797:Morphology
549:tournament
476:fol. 28v,
406:Great Seal
356:crossguard
235:side-sword
217:broadsword
203:side-sword
192:longswords
130: type
119: type
2709:Balisword
2608:Ginunting
2552:Balasiong
2545:Classical
2442:Indonesia
2160:Wakizashi
1982:Yanmaodao
1951:Zhanmadao
1813:Cinquedea
1770:Longsword
1732:Rhomphaia
1250:Longsword
1057:benedicat
895:longsword
779:Dalmatian
773:schiavona
675:, 1311),
661:Henry VII
379:longsword
334:Longsword
293:longsword
255:, French
165:cruciform
2875:Mainland
2865:Acinaces
2794:Thailand
2778:Cambodia
2737:Mainland
2668:Sansibar
2628:Karambit
2618:Kampilan
2582:Binagong
2572:Batangas
2557:Bangkung
2385:Shamshir
2380:Scimitar
2333:Acinaces
2139:Nagamaki
1977:Changdao
1967:Liuyedao
1939:Medieval
1891:Spadroon
1780:Falchion
1775:Claymore
1717:Makhaira
1280:, 2013,
1214:See also
1154:such as
1105:In media
1068:Ulfberht
878:Crusades
874:Type XII
850:type XII
815:shapes.
704:(1346),
364:Ulfberht
261:, Latin
2888:Kaskara
2860:Khopesh
2724:Tenegre
2719:Hagibis
2683:Talibon
2678:Susuwat
2673:Sundang
2663:Sanduko
2643:Panabas
2508:Sundang
2503:Klewang
2428:Kindjal
2400:Yatagan
2352:Falcata
2310:Khopesh
2256:Kastane
2251:Firangi
2218:Ancient
2191:NinjatĹŤ
2134:Kodachi
2108:Tsurugi
2103:ChokutĹŤ
2069:Wungeom
2003:Miaodao
1918:Ancient
1886:Shashka
1861:Cutlass
1833:Colhona
1712:Falcata
1698:Gladius
1670:Khopesh
1176:owns a
1128:Gandalf
1124:Aragorn
1070:and an
435:in the
389:of the
375:buckler
324:History
264:gladius
188:sidearm
2913:Takoba
2908:Billao
2903:Shotel
2898:Flyssa
2893:Nimcha
2846:Africa
2833:Macana
2658:Pinuti
2648:Parang
2638:Laring
2603:Gayang
2577:Bicuco
2567:Barong
2562:Banyal
2472:Balato
2467:Parang
2462:Niabor
2457:Mandau
2343:Xiphos
2266:Pulwar
2261:Talwar
2235:Aruval
2225:Khanda
2165:Katana
2129:ĹŚdachi
1991:Modern
1851:Rapier
1722:Spatha
1703:Xiphos
1651:Europe
1527:
1508:
1386:Valais
1351:
1166:, and
1134:, and
1036:Venice
1009:Pommel
813:pommel
767:rapier
665:Guelph
445:dagger
441:ZĂĽrich
371:shield
344:, and
330:Spatha
252:swerde
207:rapier
205:, the
95:Length
2693:Wasay
2653:Pirah
2633:Lahot
2623:Kalis
2613:Gulok
2598:Garab
2482:Surik
2390:Kilij
2348:Kopis
2230:Urumi
2210:India
2186:IaitĹŤ
2181:GuntĹŤ
2144:TantĹŤ
2124:Tachi
2088:Japan
2017:Korea
1998:Dadao
1972:Wodao
1910:China
1856:Sabre
1818:Estoc
1708:Kopis
1693:Harpe
1282:p. 18
1256:Notes
1182:Aslan
1132:Eowyn
846:Turin
831:Blade
747:estoc
673:Milan
449:GVIDO
383:estoc
338:Estoc
258:espée
241:estoc
199:estoc
145:sword
117:Blade
63:Sword
2688:Utak
2588:Bolo
2477:Gari
2423:Qama
2276:Pata
1925:Jian
1737:Falx
1727:Sica
1610:and
1525:ISBN
1506:ISBN
1417:See
1373:type
1369:date
1349:ISBN
1203:and
1178:lion
1136:Bard
1116:and
613:, a
169:hilt
128:Hilt
87:Mass
59:Type
2883:Ida
2753:Dha
1930:Dao
1316:144
1299:or
1148:in
1101:).
1055:or
885:).
671:in
408:of
373:or
2936::
1553:c.
1459:,
1392:.
1318:).
1160:,
1130:,
1126:,
1089:,
1059:.
1038:.
793:.
735:c.
733:,
712:c.
683:c.
681:,
619:c.
592:c.
563:c.
551:,
530:c.
528:,
503:c.
501:,
478:c.
453:c.
439:,
414:c.
393:.
340:,
336:,
332:,
295:.
285:,
273:,
219:.
194:.
151:,
48:c.
2350:/
1710:/
1600:e
1593:t
1586:v
1548:.
1541:.
1533:.
1514:.
1496:.
1357:.
1332:.
1284:.
1209:.
1191:.
1138:.
1097:(
1093:,
740:.
717:.
688:.
624:.
597:.
584:(
568:.
555:(
535:.
508:.
483:.
458:.
419:.
20:)
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