128:. Merlin had entered the city the previous August to suppress the revolt against King Joseph and in doing so, had, in the words of the king himself, ensured that the "fire of insurrection was quenched with the blood of twelve hundred men". These numbers were likely exaggerated as according to the source cited they fire bombed Bilbao port and took vessels from the city.
230:, where Blake had chosen to make another stand on 10 November. Victor, trying to avenge himself for his earlier humiliations at the hands of Blake, spent the day recklessly flinging his divisions against the Spanish troops without success. The next day, however, a well-coordinated French attack shattered Blake's centre and routed his army.
478:
Giron, Comandante general del Centro. Castaños, que conoció el pretesto con que la
Regencia le separaba del mando, escribió en estos términos al Ministro de la Guerra: 'Tengo la satisfacción de entregar al Mariscal de Campo Freire, sobre la frontera de Francia, el mando del ejército que he tomado en Aldea Gallega, delante de Lisboa.'"
477:
Muñoz, p. 420. "El 12 de agosto fue relevado del mando del cuarto ejército español el
General Castaños, por haberle llamado las Córtes á desempeñar su plaza de Consejero de Estado, sucediéndole el Mariscal de Campo Manuel Freire, y destinado al ejército de Cataluña al de igual clase Don Pedro Agustin
103:
Moreover, imposing his seniority against the younger Blake's objections, Cuesta claimed supreme command and insisted on a foolhardy march on
Valladolid to reclaim his lost city. Setting his columns marching on July 12, he laid his new, combined force vulnerable to a French counterattack. Paralyzed by
92:
and escape to
Benavente, Blake was ordered to combine the troops of his newly formed army with what was left of Cuesta’s forces. Blake had initially turned down a request to do so as the troops were still undergoing training and far short of their full numbers.
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on 23 November with only 10,000 men and command was then passed to
General La Romana, who took command of the new Ejército de la Izquierda on 26 November. The following year, in July 1809, this army would also incorporate the Asturian regiments under
180:
in pursuit of Blake, with Victor having orders to outmanoeuvre Blake and sweep across his line of retreat. The French were careless and allowed their forces to disperse during the pursuit. On 5 November, Blake surprised his enemies again when, at
317:, defeated Marshal Soult in what would be his last major offensive against the allied forces led by Wellington. Freire, promoted to general, had succeeded Castaños, who had been called to the Cortes, at the beginning of August 1813.
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Blake lost 3,000 men in the battle, and many thousands more were dispersed in the confusion of retreat. Knowing his Army of
Galicia to be irreparably shattered, Blake marched west into the hills, outdistancing his pursuers, under
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Historia política y militar de la Guerra de la
Independencia de España contra Napoleon Bonaparte desde 1808 á 1814. Tomo III, escrita sobre los documentos auténticos del gobierno por el Dr. D. José Muñoz
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Setting off with 27,000 foot soldiers and 150 cavalrymen, and after having left troops at different garrisons along the way, especially to guard the gorges, by the time Blake met up with Cuesta at
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attacked Blake's 19,000 men at
Zornoza. By retreating swiftly, Blake was able to prevent being trapped by Napoleon's planned envelopment and annihilation of the Spanish flank.
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At the Battle of San
Marcial (31 August 1813), the IV Ejército (IV Army), also known as the Army of Galicia, and under the orders of General
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abandoned his attempts to re-establish French rule in
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On 17 March 1809, De la Romana’s troops defeated the French at the Battle of Villafranca, a garrison at
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However, that same day, still effectively under Blake, the Army of Galicia was severely beaten at
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146:(16–19 July 1808), Blake took up positions opposite the enemy on the banks of the
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on 8 November, to take matters in hand personally, had dispatched Lefebvre and
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disunity of command, the Spanish troops were defeated on 14 July at the
219:, Romana was given command of the Army of Galicia on 11 November 1808.
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towards the end of June 1808 to hold the Spanish left wing along the
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approached, Blake went west once more to evade encirclement.
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On 11 October 1808, Blake personally entered Bilbao, forcing
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Apuntes históricos sobre las operaciones del ejército de...
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Napier, William Francis Patrick and Mathieu Dumas (1828).
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against Napoleon's forces, it had a paper force of 43,000
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Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y revolución de España
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to retreat 32 kilometres (20 mi) up the valley of
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Following the French retreat from the disaster at the
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Military units and formations of the Napoleonic Wars
27:) was a Spanish military unit that took part in the
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Military units and formations of the Peninsular War
295:frontier, Romana was able to drive the French from
203:Having successfully managed, with the help of the
100:, their combined forces totalled 22,000 men.
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441:Crónica del Senoría de Vizcaya, pp. 93–95.
356:Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte
226:, 100 kilometres (62 mi) away in the
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497:. Madrid: Imprenta de D. José Palacios.
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460:, Volume I, p. 287. Treuttel et Würtz.
262:Battle of Villafranca (17 March 1809)
7:
439:Rodríquez García, Francisco (1865).
150:. On 31 October, the 24,000 men of
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378:, Volume 3, p. 171. A. Fullarton.
279:Following the defeat of Marshall
58:, and then, in November 1808, to
76:Following the defeat of General
492:Muñoz Maldonado, José (1833).
327:Army of Spain (Peninsular War)
209:reach Santander with 9,000 men
16:Spanish corps (Peninsular War)
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417:The Napoleonic Wars 1803-1815
106:Battle of Medina del Rio Seco
72:Battle of Medina del Rio Seco
66:Battle of Medina del Rio Seco
54:. Command was first given to
268:Battle of Villafranca (1809)
78:Gregorio García de la Cuesta
383:. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
80:’s small and inexperienced
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465:. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
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395:De Toreno, Conde (1839).
315:Manuel Freire de Andrade
285:Battle of Puente Sanpayo
224:Espinosa de los Monteros
348:Blake, Joaquín (1858).
211:, of the 15,000-strong
274:Villafranca del Bierzo
414:Gates, David (2011).
309:Battle of San Marcial
303:Battle of San Marcial
256:Francisco Ballesteros
213:Division of the North
228:Cantabrian Mountains
48:Cantabrian mountains
172:Napoleon, reaching
168:Battle of Valmaseda
162:Battle of Valmaseda
25:Ejército de Galicia
199:Battle of Espinosa
193:Battle of Espinosa
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132:Battle of Zornoza
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299:as well.
183:Valmaseda
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373:(1812).
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297:Asturias
156:IV Corps
52:regulars
33:Napoleon
31:against
283:at the
244:Corunna
217:Denmark
174:Vitoria
126:Zornosa
122:Durango
84:at the
178:Victor
112:Bilbao
236:Soult
207:, to
187:corps
251:Léon
148:Ebro
19:The
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