Army of the Rhine and Moselle

1671: 1444:'s column, in the upper Elz, had eight battalions and 14 squadrons, advancing southwest to Waldkirch; Wartensleben had 12 battalions and 23 squadrons advancing south to capture the Elz bridge at Emmendingen. Latour, with 6,000 men, was to cross the foothills via Heimbach and Malterdingen, and capture the bridge of Köndringen, between Riegel and Emmendingen, and Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg's column held Kinzingen, about 3.2 kilometers (2 mi) north of Riegel. Frölich and Condé (part of Nauendorf's column) were to pin down Ferino and the French right wing in the Stieg valley. Nauendorf's men were able to ambush St.-Cyr's advance; Latour's columns attacked Beaupuy at Matterdingen, killing the general and throwing his column into confusion. Wartensleben, in the center, was held up by French riflemen until his third (reserve) detachment arrived to outflank them; the French retreated across the rivers, destroying all the bridges. 39: 1564:

commanded the only French army in the German states. Frustration created rivalries between and among subcommanders. Ferino continued his seemingly random maneuvers along the border with Switzerland, and through the Swabian Circle, as if he too were operating autonomously. These problems were not limited to Moreau's army; in the Army of the Sambre and Meuse, Jourdan had a spat with his wing commander Kléber and that officer suddenly resigned. Two generals from Kléber's clique, Bernadotte and Colaud, also made excuses to leave immediately. Faced with this mutiny, Jourdan replaced Bernadotte with General

1465:

immediately repaired the bridge, rendered passable by 14:00, which gave them 24 hours to evacuate everything of value and to raze everything else. By the time Latour took possession of the fortress, nothing remained of any use: all palisades, ammunition, even the carriages of the bombs and howitzers, had been evacuated. The French insured that nothing remained behind that could be used by the Austrian/Imperial army; even the fortress itself was but earth and ruins. The siege concluded 115 days after its investment, following 50 days of open trenches, the point at which active fighting began.

1624:. François Joseph Lefebvre, by 1804 an old man, was named an honorary marshal, but not awarded a field position. Michel Ney, in the 1795–1799 campaigns an intrepid cavalry commander, came into his own command under the tutelage of Moreau and Massena in the south German and Swiss campaigns. Jean de Dieu Soult had served under Moreau and Massena, becoming the latter's right-hand man during the Swiss campaign of 1799–1800. Jean Baptiste Bessieres, like Ney, had been a competent and sometimes inspired regimental commander in 1796. 1162: 1686: 1026:. Altenkirchen was only a distraction to entice the Austrian commander to move troops from the south to strengthen his force in the middle Rhine; Moreau lent credence to this distraction by seeming to move part of the Army of the Rhine and Moselle north from Strasburg. When Archduke Charles moved troops north to oppose what looked to be a crossing in force, Moreau reversed to Kehl and crossed the river. Kléber carried out his part of the scheme to perfection. 1743: 963: 542: 1656: 1485:. The night of 31 January to 1 February was relatively tranquil, marred only by ordinary artillery fire and shelling. At mid-day 1 February 1797, as the Austrians prepared to storm the bridgehead, General of Division Dufour pre-empted what would have been a costly attack for both sides, offering to surrender the position. On 5 February, Fürstenberg finally took possession of the bridgehead. 777:. The planners also understood the importance of moving the French army out of France and into the territories of other polities. Theirs was an army entirely dependent for support upon the countryside it occupied. Parisian revolutionaries and military commanders alike believed an assault into the German states was essential, not only in terms of war aims, but also in practical terms: the 1481:. The trenches, opened originally in November, had refilled with winter rain and snow in the intervening weeks. Fürstenberg ordered them opened again, and the water drained out on 25 January. The Coalition force secured the earthworks surrounding the trenches. On 31 January the French failed to push the Austrians out. Archduke Charles arrived that day and met with Fürstenberg at nearby 799: 76: 1531:, he drove the Austrians across the Rhine. Then, instead of going into winter quarters, he prepared his army for a winter campaign, always a difficult proposition in the eighteenth century. Several brilliant actions in the winter established Pichegru's position. Pichegru's actions sometimes seemed inexplicable: although an associate, even a friend, of the recently executed 1094:. At Kehl, Moreau's advance guard, 10,000 men, preceded the main force of 27,000 infantry and 3,000 cavalry directed at a mere several hundred Swabian pickets on the bridge. The Swabians were hopelessly outnumbered and could not be reinforced. Most of the Imperial Army of the Rhine was stationed further north, by Mannheim, where the river was easier to cross. Neither 1281: 1295: 1211: 1197: 1183: 1169: 1337: 1239: 1267: 1225: 1253: 1323: 1309: 1041:) contingents and the infantry and cavalry of the various states, amounting to about 125,000 (including the three autonomous corps), a sizeable force by eighteenth century standards but a moderate force by the standards of the later Revolutionary wars. In total, though, Imperial and Habsburg troops stretched in a line from Switzerland to the 1453:

the withdrawal of his troops toward Hüningen. Although the French and the Austrians both claimed victory at the time, military historians generally agree that the Austrians achieved a strategic advantage. However, the French withdrew from the battlefield in good order and several days later crossed the Rhine River at Hüningen.

1119:, Ferino executed a full crossing, and advanced east along the German shore of the Rhine with the 16th and 50th Demi-brigades, the 68th, 50th and 68th line infantry, and six squadrons of cavalry that included the 3rd and 7th Hussars and the 10th Dragoons. The Habsburg and Imperial armies were in danger of encirclement. 1413:

The tide now turned in the Coalition's favor. Both French Armies had overstretched their lines, moving far into the German states, and were separated too far from each other for one to offer the other aid or security. The Coalition's concentration of troops forced a wider wedge between the two armies

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Phipps' analysis is not singular, although his lengthy volumes address in detail the value of this "school for marshals." In 1895, Richard Phillipson Dunn-Pattison also singled out the French Revolutionary army as "the finest school the world has yet seen for an apprenticeship in the trade of arms.

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emphasized the importance of experience under these trying conditions of manpower shortage, poor training, equipment and supply shortage, and tactical and strategic confusion and interference. Phipps's objective was to show how the training received in the early years of the war varied not only with

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Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg's force initiated the siege within days of the Austrian victory at the Battle of Schliengen. Most of the siege ran concurrently with the siege at Kehl, which concluded on 9 January 1797. Troops engaged at Kehl marched to Hüningen in preparation for a major assault, but the

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led a spirited (but unauthorized) attack on the French left, cutting their access to a withdrawal through Kehl. Nauendorf's column marched all night and half of the day, and attacked the French right, pushing them further back. In the night, while Charles planned his next day's attack, Moreau began

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After the shambles at Emmendingen, the French withdrew to the south and west, and formed for battle by Schliengen. There, Moreau established his army along a ridge of hills, in a 11-kilometer (7 mi) semi-circle on heights that commanded the terrain below. Given the severe condition of the roads

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Excruciating command challenges plagued the Army of the Rhine and Moselle in its early operations. The campaign of 1795 had been entirely a French failure and the difficulties the Army of the Rhine and Moselle faced, especially in 1795, had much to do with Pichegru's own situation: his competition

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that nearly captured the Austrian artillery park; the French managed to capture 1,000 Austrian troops in the melee. On 9 January the French general Desaix proposed the evacuation to General Latour and they agreed that the Austrians would enter Kehl the next day, on 10 January at 16:00. The French

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rivers had flooded. This increased the hazards of mounted attack, because the horses could not get a good footing. Archduke's force pursued the French, although carefully. The French attempted to slow their pursuers by destroying bridges, but the Austrians repaired them and crossed the swollen

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By mid-summer, the strategic goals of the Army of the Rhine and Moselle appeared to have succeeded; Jourdan or Moreau seemed on the brink of flanking Charles and Wartensleben, forcing a wedge between the two; inexplicably, Wartensleben continued to withdraw to the east-north-east, despite Charles'

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Given the size of the attacking force, Charles had to withdraw far enough into Bavaria to align his northern flank with Wartensleben's autonomous corps. As he withdrew, his own line compressed, making his army stronger; his opposition's flanks extended, making their line weaker. In the course of

705:

Disruption reached the upper echelons of the army. French commanders walked a fine line between the security of the frontier and the Parisian clamor for victory. Commanders were constantly under suspicion from the representatives of the new regime and sometimes from their own soldiers. Failure to

1563:

In the field in 1796, competition between generals, not ideology, caused command problems. Jealousies between Jourdan and Moreau further complicated the success of the Army of the Rhine and Moselle by refusing to unite their fronts. Moreau moved rapidly into Bavarian and toward Vienna, as if he

1122:

With Ferino's quick movements to encircle him, Charles executed an orderly withdrawal in four columns through the Black Forest, across the Upper Danube valley, and toward Bavaria. By mid-July, the French forces maintained persistent pressure on Charles' force. Two imperial columns encamped near

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Rhine and along the Rhine bank between the German states and Switzerland or through the Black Forest, gave access to the upper Danube river valley. For the French, control of the Upper Danube or any point in between, was of immense strategic value and would give the French a reliable approach to

772:

river basin of strategic importance for the defense of the Republic. The Rhine offered a formidable barrier to what the French perceived as Austrian aggression and the state that controlled its crossings controlled the river and access into the territories on either side. Ready access across the

1114:

could reach Kehl in time to relieve the Swabian troops. Consequently, within a day, Moreau had four divisions across the river. Unceremoniously thrust out of Kehl, the Swabian contingent reformed at Rastatt by 5 July, which they held until reinforcements arrived. Furthermore, at Hüningen, near

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believed that war should pay for itself and did not budget for the payment or feeding of its troops. Although this solved some of the problems of feeding and paying the army, it did not solve them all. Until April 1796, soldiers were paid in an increasingly worthless paper currency called the

1430:

Once Moreau received word of Jourdan's defeat, he initiated his withdrawal from southern Germany. Retreating through the Black Forest, with Ferino supervising the rear guard, he claimed one more victory: an Austrian corps commanded by Latour drew too close to Moreau at Biberach and lost 4,000

1422:

retreated eastward to protect the borders of Austria. Moreau did not seize the opportunity to place his army between the two Austrian forces (Wartensleben's and Charles'). As the French withdrew toward the Rhine, Charles and Wartensleben pressed forward. On 3 September at Würzburg, Jourdan

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the previous year, insuring his own appointment as commander of this army. As the revolution waxed and waned in its ardency, however, so did Pichegru to its principles: by late 1794, he was leaning heavily toward the royalist cause. The Directory replaced him with Desaix, and later Moreau.

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the theater in which they served but also with the character of the army to which they belonged. The experience of young officers under the tutelage of such experienced men as Pichegru, Moreau, Lazar Hoche, Lefebvre, and Jourdan provided young officers with valuable experience.

1448:

at the end of October, Archduke Charles could not flank the right French wing. The French left wing lay too close to the Rhine, and the French center was unassailable. Instead, he attacked the French flanks directly, and in force, which increased casualties for both sides. The

1079:, between Karlsruhe and Darmstadt, where the confluence of the Rhine and the Main river made an attack most likely, as it offered a gateway into eastern German states and ultimately to Vienna, with sturdy bridges crossing the relatively well-defined river bank. To the north, 476:. In 1796, the jealousies between Jourdan and Moreau, and among the subcommanders, complicated the efficient operations of both armies. After a summer of maneuver in which the Coalition force enticed the French deeper and deeper into German territory, the Habsburg commander 492:. These battles destroyed any chance that Jourdan's force and Moreau's Army of the Rhine and Moselle could merge. Once Jourdan withdrew to the west bank of the Rhine, Charles could focus his attention on Moreau. By October they were fighting on the western slope of the 1559:

of 1 April 1795. As a hero of the Revolution captured Mannheim but inexplicably he allowed his colleague Jourdan to be defeated; throughout 1796, his machinations in Paris complicated the conduct of operations in Germany by undermining the senior command confidence.

935:

These maneuvers left the Army of the Rhine and Moselle isolated. When Wurmser sealed off the French bridgehead at Mannheim, the Army of the Rhine and Moselle was trapped on the east bank. The Austrians defeated the left wing of the Army of Rhine and Moselle at the

2510: 661:—agents of the legislature sent to ensure cooperation among the military—lacked the discipline and training to function efficiently; frequently insubordinate, they often refused orders and undermined unit cohesion. After a defeat, they were capable of mutiny, as 545:

The broad Rhine River and its many tributaries prevented easy escape into France. The colors represent the different sections of the Rhine: Mountain Rhine (Alpenrhein), High Rhine (Hochrhein), Upper Rhine (Oberrhein), Middle Rhine (Mittelrhein), Low Rhine

974:'s attack south of his bridgehead at Düsseldorf. After Kléber won sufficient maneuver room on the east bank of the Rhine River, Jean Baptiste Jourdan was supposed to join him with the remainder of the Army of the Sambre and Meuse. At the first battles of 802:

The two principal French Armies of 1794 were formed from four smaller units, each contributing a portion of its troops to either the Sambre and Meuse or the Army of the Rhine and Moselle. The right flank of Army of the North remained in the

924:; by mid-month, both French armies held significant footholds on the east bank of the Rhine. The French fumbled away the promising start to their offensive. Pichegru bungled at least one opportunity to seize Clerfayt's supply base in the 1053:

troops comprised the bulk of the army, but the thin white line of Habsburg infantry could not cover the territory from Basel to Frankfurt with sufficient depth to resist the pressure of the opposition. In spring 1796, drafts from the

865:

mountains on the west (French side). At the far edges of the eastern flood plain, tributaries cut deep defiles into the western slope of the mountains. Further to the north, the river became deeper and faster, until it widened into a

1070:

and the Habsburg forces, did not like to use the militias, which were poorly trained and unseasoned. Compared to French coverage, Charles had only half the number of troops extended over a 211-mile front, stretching from Basel to

582:

articulated that the interests of the monarchs of Europe were as one with the interests of Louis and his family. He and his fellow monarchs threatened unspecified consequences if anything should happen to the royal family. French

1364:

was abandoned to the Army of the Rhine and Moselle, which enforced an armistice and extracted sizeable reparations; in addition, the French occupied several principal towns in southwestern Germany, including Stockach, Meersburg,

901: 1488:

Following the losses in 1796 and early 1797, the French regrouped their forces on the west side of the Rhine. An abbreviated campaign in late spring of 1797 led to Austrians and the French to agree to the

3776:

History of the Wars of the French Revolution: Including Sketches of the Civil History of Great Britain and France, from the Revolutionary Movements, 1788, to the Restoration of a General Peace. 1815

3847: 786:; after April, pay was made in metallic value, but pay was still in arrears. Throughout the spring and early summer, the soldiers were in almost constant mutiny: in May 1796, in the border town of 1501:

led to long term negotiations for peace between Revolutionary France and Austria. On 29 September 1797, the Army of the Rhine and Moselle merged with the Army of the Sambre and Meuse to form the

3827: 1670: 3678:. Vol. LII, Studies Presented to International Commission for the History of Representative and Parliamentary Institutions. Bruxelles, Les Éditions de la Librairie Encyclopédique, 1975. 1394:

on 11 August, Moreau crushed Charles' force and at last, however, Wartensleben recognized the danger; he changed direction, moving his corps to join at Charles' northern flank. At the

329: 682:

Ideally, it was designed to include the regular infantry inherited from the old Royal regiments, who were relatively well-trained and equipped, dressed in white uniforms and wearing

1431:

prisoners, some standards and artillery; Latour followed at a more sensible distance. Both sides were hampered by heavy rains; the ground was soft and slippery, and the Rhine and

147: 359: 948:. In January 1796, Clerfayt concluded an armistice with the French, sending the Army of the Rhine and Moselle back to France, and retaining a large portions of the west bank. 983: 364: 504:. By early 1797 the French had relinquished control of the bridgeheads over the Rhine. After an abbreviated German campaign in 1797, the French and Austrians agreed to the 354: 2440: 163: 628:

river as the principle line of defense: for each side, control of the opposite bank or, at least, the river's principal crossings, was the basis of defensive strategy.

523:

called the Army of the Rhine and Moselle a "school for marshals", to emphasize the importance of experience under these conditions in training the future leadership of

3822: 1460:, 20,000 French defenders under Louis Desaix and the overall commander of the French force, Jean Victor Marie Moreau, almost upset the siege when they executed a 1419: 1139:. The fourth Austrian column, the smallest (three battalions and four squadrons), under General Wolff, marched the length of the Bodensee's northern shore, via 1127:

were surrounded and surrendered, leading to a general armistice with the Swabian Circle. The third column, which included the Condé's Corps, retreated through

1612:. The Army of the Rhine and Moselle (and its subsequent incarnations) included five future Marshals of France: Jean-Baptiste Jourdan, its commander-in-chief, 2411:

Relation de l'assassinat de M. Théobald Dillon, Maréchal-de-Camp, Commis à Lille, le 29 avril 1792. Imprimerie de Mignaret (4 May 1792). Jean Paul Bertaud,

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Universal Geography, Or, a Description of All the Parts of the World, on a New Plan: Spain, Portugal, France, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Belgium, and Holland

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to the Austrians. The artillery arm, considered by the old nobility to be an inferior assignment, was less affected by emigration and survived intact.

1621: 1161: 140: 3692: 236: 339: 1076: 432:. Military planners in Paris formed armies based on specific strategic tasks, and the task of this Army was to secure the French frontier at the 1414:

of Jourdan and Moreau, what the French had tried to do to Charles and Wartensleben. Despite Charles' instructions to withdraw northward toward

1613: 597:(1792–1798), France ranged itself against most of the European states sharing its land or water borders, plus Portugal and the Ottoman Empire. 3590: 3239: 1556: 1441: 133: 3232:

Warfare in the Age of Napoleon: The Revolutionary Wars Against the First Coalition in Northern Europe and the Italian Campaign, 1789–1797.

908:'s army in the south. From April until August, both sides engaged in a waiting game until, in August, Jourdan crossed and quickly seized 3842: 2229: 306: 3837: 3763: 3572: 3345: 3222: 3096: 2165: 1830: 1632:

and Saint-Cyr, participants in the 1796 campaign, all received honors in the third, fourth and fifth promotions (1809, 1811, 1812).

605: 389: 3793: 3666: 3517: 3481: 3319: 3113: 3049: 2803: 2644: 1350: 1063: 477: 1836: 1793: 1781: 838:. These troops were stationed further south, in a line that stretched on the west bank of the Rhine from Basel to the Main River. 3307:

Allgemeine encyclopädie der wissenschaften und künste in alphabetischer folge von genannten schrifts bearbeitet und herausgegeben.

2512:

Allgemeine encyclopädie der wissenschaften und künste in alphabetischer folge von genannten schrifts bearbeitet und herausgegeben

1095: 3373:

Fastes de la Légion-d'honneur: biographie de tous les décorés accompagnée de l'histoire législative et réglementaire de l'ordre,

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with both Moreau and Jourdan and his disaffection with the direction in which the revolution was headed. Originally a dedicated

888:

The Rhine Campaign of 1795 (April 1795 to January 1796) opened both French armies attempted to cross the Rhine and capture the

3832: 1398:

on 24 August, Charles inflicted another defeat on the French, but that same day, his commanders lost a battle to the French at

575: 1377:. As Charles withdrew further east, the neutral zone expanded, eventually encompassing most of southern German states and the 3720: 1921: 1410:

Infantry Regiment Nr. 7, and the French Army of Condé. In the ensuing clash, the Austrians and Royalists were cut to pieces.

1062:, augmented the Habsburg force with perhaps 20,000 men at the most. It was largely guesswork where they would be placed, and 555: 3461: 1049:; furthermore, a portion of the troops in Fürstenberg's corps were pulled in July to support Wurmser's activities in Italy. 726: 3510:

The Armies of the First French Republic: Volume II The Armées du Moselle, du Rhin, de Sambre-et-Meuse, de Rhin-et-Moselle.

3069: 2532:

The Armies of the First French Republic: Volume II The Armées du Moselle, du Rhin, de Sambre-et-Meuse, de Rhin-et-Moselle,

1974: 1886: 1456:

After Schliengen, both the French and the Coalition sought to control the Rhine river crossings at Kehl and Hüningen. At

1399: 941: 559: 384: 369: 231: 221: 181: 1354:

Location map shows the battles and sieges of the 1796 Rhine Campaign. Borders reflect boundaries of present-day Germany.

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Elements of the armies that were later formed into the Army of the Rhine and Moselle participated in the conquest of the

2017: 1871: 1617: 1107: 1019: 905: 893: 469: 296: 115: 3351: 2933: 928:, with resultant significant losses. With Pichegru unexpectedly inactive, Clerfayt massed against Jourdan, beat him at 3725: 2678: 2054: 1532: 508:

and, on 29 September 1797, the Army of the Rhine and Moselle merged with the Army of the Sambre and Meuse to form the

226: 2196: 991: 3389: 3053: 2807: 1523:

Undeniably a capable, possibly brilliant, and popular commander, Pichegru began his second campaign by crossing the

2058: 1494: 929: 658: 594: 590: 429: 418: 321: 196: 157: 2366:, and six squadrons of cavalry that included the 3rd and 7th Hussars and the 10th Dragoons. See Graham, pp. 18–22. 746: 1609: 1576:

The campaigns in which the Army of the Rhine and Moselle participated also provided exceptional experience for a

637: 536: 414: 301: 904:'s Army of the Lower Rhine in the north, while the French Army of Rhine and Moselle under Pichegru lay opposite 3178: 3159: 1844: 1424: 1080: 979: 945: 925: 609: 489: 485: 453: 316: 291: 251: 107: 38: 1608:. He could reward the most valuable of his generals or soldiers who had held significant commands during the 1565: 3798: 3293: 2624: 2281: 1629: 971: 827:, which was stationed on the west bank of the Rhine north of the junction of the Main and the Rhine rivers. 824: 730: 687: 579: 281: 191: 3801: 3227: 1502: 1490: 1474: 1461: 975: 957: 932:

in October, and forced most of the Army of the Sambre and Meuse to retreat to the west bank of the Rhine.

883: 790:, a demi-brigade revolted. In June, pay for two demi-brigades were in arrears and two companies rebelled. 509: 505: 449: 441: 379: 374: 246: 64: 2206: 3578: 3245: 2967: 2454: 2234: 1598: 1594: 1536: 1478: 1437: 897: 835: 722: 718: 706:

achieve unrealistic expectations implied disloyalty and the price of disloyalty was an appointment with

473: 445: 261: 211: 206: 176: 103: 86: 2544: 2085: 1787: 820: 807:

In late 1794, military planners in Paris reorganized the army into task forces. The right flank of the

286: 3445: 2829: 3781: 3505: 3441: 3391:

Militär-Conversations-Lexikon:Kehl (Uberfall 1796) & (Belagerung des Bruckenkopfes von 1796–1797)

2825: 2527: 1992: 1581: 1469: 1457: 1103: 1055: 1007: 734: 617: 520: 344: 1959: 1773:, totaling 78,503 men, including 71,756 infantry, 6,936 cavalry and 1,811 artillery on 1 June 1796: 3526:

Relation de l'assassinat de M. Théobald Dillon, Maréchal-de-Camp, Commis à Lille, le 29 avril 1792.

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History of Europe from the Commencement of the French Revolution to the Restoration of the Bourbons

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History of Europe from the Commencement of the French Revolution to the Restoration of the Bourbons

2506: 2104: 1605: 1544: 1391: 986:. A frontal attack combined with a flanking maneuver forced the Austrians to retreat. Three future 812: 422: 349: 311: 271: 266: 3562: 3140: 982:, two Republican French divisions commanded by Kléber attacked a wing of the Habsburg army led by 2068: 995: 987: 481: 256: 241: 216: 186: 3604: 3539: 808: 662: 496:, and by December Charles had the French forces under siege at the principal river crossings of 3296:. Markus Stein, editor. Mannheim, Germany. 14 February 2010 version. Accessed 28 February 2010. 2631:. Markus Stein, editor. Mannheim, Germany. 14 February 2010 version. Accessed 28 February 2010. 624:

in the winter of 1794–1795. French and Coalition military strategy subsequently focused on the

3789: 3759: 3733: 3716: 3699: 3679: 3662: 3645: 3631: 3617: 3600: 3586: 3568: 3555: 3545: 3529: 3513: 3496: 3490: 3477: 3451: 3429: 3415: 3408: 3404: 3395: 3376: 3359: 3341: 3327: 3310: 3274: 3253: 3235: 3218: 3204: 3184: 3180:

Grundsätze der Strategie: Erläutert durch die Darstellung des Feldzugs von 1796 in Deutschland

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Military cohesion became more acute following the 1793 introduction of mass conscription, the

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volunteer battalions, who were poorly trained and equipped, with no uniform other than a red

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were united, initially on 29 November 1794, and formally on 20 April 1795, under command of

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Ausgewählte Schriften weiland seiner Kaiserlichen Hoheit des Erzherzogs Carl von Österreich

3751: 3486: 3196: 3084: 2776: 2628: 2436: 2342: 2131: 1852: 1770: 1580:

of extraordinary young officers. In his five-volume analysis of the Revolutionary Armies,

1072: 1030: 937: 742: 714: 683: 648: 613: 406: 201: 657:

fought side by side with volunteers. Recruits, urged on by revolutionary fervor from the

3288: 2616: 2338: 2244: 1361: 1059: 787: 621: 17: 3816: 3136: 3101: 2330: 1548: 1140: 909: 867: 585: 125: 3266: 2917: 2897: 2359: 1862: 1819: 1519: 1003: 913: 858: 695: 675: 589:

continued to agitate for support of a counter-revolution, and on 20 April 1792 the

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in France as an internal matter between the French king and his subjects. In 1790,

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Wilder Publications, 2008, p. 173. Originally published in English in 1862.

1685: 2976:, Wakefield, EP Pub., 1977 (reprint of 1895 edition), pp. viii–xix, xvii quoted. 2971: 2883: 2758:

Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 2014, pp. 87–93. Smith, pp. 125, 131–133.

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On 22 June, the Army of the Rhine and Moselle executed simultaneous crossings at

428:

The Army of the Rhine and Moselle participated in two principal campaigns in the

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Napoleon’s Great Adversaries: Archduke Charles and the Austrian Army, 1792–1914.

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The Army of the French Revolution: From Citizen-Soldiers to Instrument of Power.

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Napoleon’s Great Adversaries: Archduke Charles and the Austrian Army, 1792–1914,

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The Army of the French Revolution: From Citizen-Soldiers to Instrument of Power,

2412: 1742: 1432: 1128: 1091: 1034: 854: 765: 601: 501: 458: 334: 3595:

Rothenberg, Gunther E. "The Habsburg Army in the Napoleonic Wars (1792–1815)".

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Handbook for Environmental Chemistry Series, Part L. New York: Springer, 2006.

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Gunther E. Rothenberg, "The Habsburg Army in the Napoleonic Wars (1792–1815)".

1518:, by 1794, his own intrigues had placed him in command after he had undermined 1601: 1482: 1415: 1402:, when the French army, which was advancing eastward on the south side of the 1136: 999: 920:. Pichegru's Army of the Rhine and Moselle surprised the Bavarian garrison of 842: 738: 709: 1766: 1144: 1124: 1075:. Furthermore, Charles had concentrated the bulk of his force, commanded by 1042: 1023: 962: 871: 690:

units, who were less well-trained or equipped, with blue uniforms, and the

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of young officers. In his five-volume analysis of the Revolutionary Armies,

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and her children, alarmed him. In August 1791, in consultation with French

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The Swabian Kreis: Institutional Growth in the Holy Roman Empire 1648–1715

3533: 3512:

Pickle Partners Publishing, 2011 reprint (original publication 1923–1933)

3455: 3314: 3188: 3169: 3079: 2349:) to provide skirmishing cover for the troops that followed. Smith, p. 15. 3770:

Traveling Memoirs during a Tour through Belgium, Rhenish Prussia, Germany

3737: 3649: 3433: 3399: 3331: 3208: 3131: 2564:, historyofwar.org, 2009 version. Accessed 4 May 2014. and Smith, p. 115. 2254: 1528: 1374: 1366: 1148: 1132: 1050: 1046: 940:

and moved down the west bank. In November, Clerfayt defeated Pichegru at

921: 783: 524: 43: 3693:"Landschaftsgeschichte und Natürlichkeit der Baumarten in der Rheinaue." 3683: 3635: 3500: 3419: 3380: 3363: 3278: 3257: 3150: 3064: 1473:

French defenders capitulated on 1 February 1797. The French commander,

1083:’s autonomous corps stretched in a thin line between Mainz and Giessen. 749:

armies; the cavalry in particular suffered from their departure and the

745:

for several years. Many of the old officer class had emigrated, forming

541: 3621: 1515: 1152: 1111: 1015: 515:

The Army of the Rhine and Moselle campaigns provided experience for a

3201:

Tableaux des armées françaises: pendant les guerres de la Révolution.

1403: 862: 774: 769: 437: 3286:

Ebert, Jens-Florian "Feldmarschall-Leutnant Fürst zu Fürstenberg,"

2442:

Tableaux des armées françaises: pendant les guerres de la Révolution

1655: 1436:

rivers despite the high waters. Upon reaching a few miles east of

1045:

and Wurmser's troops stretched from the Swiss-Italian border to the

3564:

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology

2614:

Jens-Florian Ebert, "Feldmarschall-Leutnant Fürst zu Fürstenberg,"

3713:

German Home Towns: Community, State, and General Estate, 1648–1871

2329:

The French Army designated two kinds of infantry: principally the

1552: 1524: 1116: 961: 917: 797: 625: 540: 433: 417:. It was formed on 20 April 1795 by the merger of elements of the 3628:

Patriots and Liberators. Revolution in the Netherlands 1780–1813.

2902:

Patriots and Liberators. Revolution in the Netherlands 1780–1813,

2621: 1568:

and divided Colaud's rebellious units among the other divisions.

465:

s elements at Kehl, the Army advanced into southwestern Germany.

3074:. London, FC and J Rivington. 1813. Accessed 4 November 2014. 1477:, was killed in the early days of the fighting, and replaced by 1087: 1011: 497: 129: 2843:

Philippart, p. 127. and Alison, pp. 88–89. Smith, p. 132.

1370: 857:

some 31 km (19 mi) wide bordered by the mountainous

841:

At Basel, where the river makes a wide, northerly turn at the

713:: several of the highest ranking generals, including the aged 3356:

Memoirs of the Public and Private Life of Napoleon Bonaparte.

1696:

also had overall command of the Army of the Sambre and Meuse

830:

The remaining units of the former Army of the Center and the

612:

on 16 June 1794. Shortly after Fleurus, the position of the

3447:

Tableaux historiques et topographiques ou relation exacte...

2938:

Memoirs of the public and private life of Napoleon Bonaparte

2831:

Tableaux historiques et topographiques ou relation exacte...

990:

played significant roles in the engagement at Altenkirchen:

436:

and to penetrate the German states, potentially threatening

3036:

All information from Smith, p. 111, unless otherwise noted.

678:, mixed the men of the old army with the recruits from the 651:

were in a state of disruption; experienced soldiers of the

3551:

Siege of Huningue, 26 October 1796 – 19 February 1797

1679:

5 March – 20 April 1796 Temporary command

3324:

The History of the Campaign of 1796 in Germany and Italy.

2649:

The History of the Campaign of 1796 in Germany and Italy.

2534:

US, Pickle Partners Publishing, 2011 (1923–1933), p. 212.

912:. The Army of the Sambre and Meuse advanced south to the 3466:. Napoleon Series.org, April 2005. Accessed 21 Jan 2015. 2934:

Charles Angélique François Huchet La Bédoyère (comte de)

616:

in Flanders collapsed and the French armies overran the

608:. The various elements of the army won a victory at the 2419:

Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988, chapter 1.

2685:. London: UCL Press, 1997, 324. Charles, pp. 153–54. 2602:, Vienna: Braumüller, 1893–94, v. 2, pp. 72, 153–154. 2549:, historyofwar.org, 2009 version. Accessed 4 May 2014. 764:

By 1794-95, military planners in Paris considered the

468:

Its success depended on the cooperation with France's

3252:

Wakefield, EP Pub., 1977 (reprint of 1895 edition).

2395:. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996, pp. 41–59. 2036:

unknown Line Infantry demi-brigade (three battalions)

1922:

Joseph Martin Bruneteau, also known as Sainte-Suzanne

1423:

attempted unsuccessfully to halt the retreat; at the

970:

The opening of the Rhine Campaign of 1796 began with

3848:

Military units and formations disestablished in 1797

2007:

18th Cavalry Regiment (four squadrons, unknown type)

3215:

Napoleon in Italy: The Sieges of Mantua, 1796–1799,

2756:

Napoleon in Italy: the Sieges of Mantua, 1796–1799,

2358:These brigades probably included the 16th and 50th 2175:

109th Line Infantry Demi-brigade (three battalions)

2143:

106th Line Infantry Demi-brigade (three battalions)

2080:

100th Line Infantry Demi-brigade (three battalions)

1971:

103rd Line Infantry Demi-brigade (three battalions)

1930:

10th Light Infantry Demi-brigade (three battalions)

1776:Commander in Chief (1796) Jean Victor Marie Moreau 1642: 456:, the Army was more successful. After crushing the 97: 92: 82: 70: 59: 51: 31: 2461:Stroud, (Gloucester): Spellmount, 2007, pp. 70–74. 2290:74th Line Infantry Demi-brigade (three battalions) 2266:79th Line Infantry Demi-brigade (three battalions) 2263:3rd Light Infantry Demi-brigade (three battalions) 2218:38th Line Infantry Demi-brigade (three battalions) 2140:84th Line Infantry Demi-brigade (three battalions) 2116:31st Line Infantry Demi-brigade (three battalions) 2113:21st Line Infantry Demi-brigade (three battalions) 2077:17th Line Infantry Demi-brigade (three battalions) 2004:36th Line Infantry Demi-brigade (three battalions) 2001:89th Line Infantry Demi-brigade (three battalions) 1968:62nd Line Infantry Demi-brigade (three battalions) 1933:10th Line Infantry Demi-brigade (three battalions) 1868:50th Line Infantry Demi-brigade (three battalions) 1440:, the Archduke split his force into four columns. 3828:Military units and formations established in 1795 3730:German Armies: War and German Politics 1648–1806. 2702: 2700: 2215:3rd Line Infantry Demi-brigade (three battalions) 3558:. History of war.org. Accessed 18 November 2014. 3371:Lievyns, A., Jean Maurice Verdot, Pierre Bégat, 3161:Geschichte des Feldzuges von 1796 in Deutschland 2683:German Armies: War and German Politics 1648–1806 1895:97th Line Infantry Demi-brigade (three balloons) 984:Duke Ferdinand Frederick Augustus of Württemberg 966:French soldiers overwhelmed the Swabian militia. 2888:nl, Skyhorse Publishing In, 2011, Chapter VIII. 2478: 2476: 1694:21 April 1796 – 30 January 1797 444:campaign concluded with the removal of General 3352:La Bédoyère, Charles Angélique François Huchet 3142:Losses of Life in Modern Wars, Austria-Hungary 1420:Maximilian Anton Karl, Count Baillet de Latour 3158:Charles, Archduke of Austria (unattributed). 3126:Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988. 2337:), which fought in tight formations, and the 665:learned when his troops lynched him in 1792. 141: 8: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3017: 3015: 3005: 3003: 2924:, New York, Simon and Schuster, 1975, p. 83. 2515:. Leipzig, J. F. Gleditsch, 1889, pp. 64–66. 1664:20 April 1795 – 4 March 1796 3217:Tulsa, University of Oklahoma Press, 2014. 2904:New York, Vintage Books, 1998, pp. 175–192. 2878: 2876: 2523: 2521: 768:, the south-western German territories and 3715:. Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 1998. 3567:. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2010. 3476:Band 3. Leipzig, 1839, pp. 495–496. 2384: 2382: 1707:31 January – 9 March 1797 1639: 488:, and then defeated Jourdan's army at the 148: 134: 126: 37: 3758:New York, Oxford University Press, 1983. 3091:New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. 2546:First Battle of Altenkirchen, 4 June 1796 2429: 2427: 2425: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2042:2nd Carabinier Regiment (four squadrons) 2039:1st Carabinier Regiment (four squadrons) 1798: 1733:27 March – 19 April 1797 1720:10 March – 27 March 1797 1427:, Charles pushed him back to the Rhine. 63:29 September 1797 and units merged into 3474:Brockhaus Bilder-Conversations-Lexikon, 3289:Die Österreichischen Generäle 1792–1815 3071:The Annual Register: World Events 1796. 2984: 2982: 2813:. Edinburgh, W. Blackwood, 1847, p. 88. 2639: 2637: 2617:Die Österreichischen Generäle 1792–1815 2378: 2322: 1751:20 April – 9 Sept 1797 1543:("Saviour of the Fatherland") from the 1535:, Pichegru offered his services to the 3528:Imprimerie de Mignaret (4 May 1792). 3108:New York, Viking-Penguin Books, 2002. 2868:Brockhaus Bilder-Conversations-Lexikon 2181:15th Cavalry Regiment (four squadrons) 1901:17th Dragoon Regiment (four squadrons) 1898:10th Dragoon Regiment (four squadrons) 1735:temporary command/armistice in effect 1722:temporary command/armistice in effect 1709:temporary command/armistice in effect 1622:Édouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier 1406:, isolated an Austrian infantry unit, 1022:, 66 kilometers (41 mi) north of 1010:about 50 km (31 mi) east of 55:20 April 1795 – 29 September 1797 28: 3388:Lühe, Hans Eggert Willibald von der. 2870:, Band 3. Leipzig 1839., pp. 495–496. 2499: 2497: 2299:Artillery (artillery unit of 822 men) 2293:4th Dragoon Regiment (four squadrons) 2184:3rd Cavalry Regiment (four squadrons) 2178:2nd Cavalry Regiment (four squadrons) 1539:; after having received the title of 566:; by 1791, the danger to his sister, 7: 3273:New York, Simon and Schuster, 1975. 2362:, the 68th, 50th and 68th Regiments 2296:7th Hussar Regiment (four squadrons) 1442:Friedrich Joseph, Count of Nauendorf 1280: 413:) was one of the field units of the 3823:Armées of the French First Republic 3696:Waldschutzgebiete Baden-Württemberg 3375:Bureau de l'administration, 1844. 2785:, London, A.J. Valpy, 1814, p. 279. 2269:12th Cavalry Regiment (4 squadrons) 2230:Jean-Baptiste de Bressoles de Sisce 2221:21st Cavalry Regiment (1 squadron) 2092:11th Hussar Regiment (one squadron) 1509:Organizational and command problems 1294: 674:. The basic unit of the army, the 3772:. Volume 1. London: Longman, 1834. 3585:Stroud, (Gloucester): Spellmount. 3320:Graham, Thomas, 1st Baron Lynedoch 2794:Philippart, p. 127; Smith, p. 131. 2577:, 37:1 (Feb 1973), 1–5, 1–2 cited. 2119:9th Hussar Regiment (one squadron) 1210: 1002:, as leader of a flanking column. 861:on the east (German side) and the 25: 3756:The French Revolution in Germany. 3394:, Volume 4. C. Brüggemann, 1834. 3246:Dunn-Pattison, Richard Phillipson 3145:. London, Clarendon Press, 1916. 3059:. Edinburgh, W. Blackwood, 1847. 2940:. nl, G. Virtue, 1828, pp. 59–60. 2804:Sir Archibald Alison, 1st Baronet 2645:Thomas Graham, 1st Baron Lynedoch 1390:orders to unite with him. At the 1196: 1182: 1168: 845:, it enters what the locals call 755:15éme Cavalerie (Royal Allemande) 593:declared war on Austria. In this 478:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen 3309:Leipzig, J. F. Gleditsch, 1889. 3294:Napoleon Online: Portal zu Epoch 2968:Richard Phillipson Dunn-Pattison 2622:Napoleon Online: Portal zu Epoch 2445:, R. Chapelot, 1905, pp. 55, 62. 1741: 1684: 1669: 1654: 1604:to strengthen his newly-created 1336: 1335: 1321: 1307: 1293: 1279: 1265: 1251: 1238: 1237: 1223: 1209: 1195: 1181: 1167: 1160: 944:and successfully wrapped up the 550:The rulers of Europe viewed the 74: 3806:. France, 1896 (reprint, 1910). 3630:New York, Vintage books, 1998. 3616:, np: C. F. Stollmeyer, 1842. 3492:Memoires etc. of General Moreau 2782:Memoires etc. of General Moreau 2312:Notes, citations and references 2166:François Antoine Louis Bourcier 1831:François Antoine Louis Bourcier 1266: 1224: 452:, under the command of General 3463:Austrian infantry organization 3177:Charles, Archduke of Austria, 3089:The French Revolutionary Wars. 2598:Charles, Archduke of Austria. 1837:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino 1794:Dominique-André de Chambarlhac 1786:Commander of Artillery : 1252: 75: 46:of a French Revolutionary Army 1: 3782:Jomini, Antoine-Henri (Baron) 3698:, Band 10, pp. 159–167. 3495:. London, A. J. Valpy, 1814. 3428:New York, Arcade Pub., 2002. 2988:Dunn-Pattison, pp. xviii–xix. 2393:The French Revolutionary Wars 1887:Jean Marie Rodolph Eickemayer 1748:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr 1360:this withdrawal, most of the 1322: 1096:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé 1029:The opposition armies of the 403:Army of the Rhine and Moselle 385:Italian campaign of 1796-1797 32:Army of the Rhine and Moselle 3661:NY: Greenhill Press, 1996. 3614:General History of the World 2018:Charles Antoine Xaintrailles 1835:Commander of the Right Wing 1753:subordinate to Lazare Hoche 1618:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr 1527:on 18 October. After taking 1308: 1020:Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel 906:Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser 894:Army of the Sambre and Meuse 470:Army of the Sambre and Meuse 116:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr 2055:Guillaume Philibert Duhesme 1818:Commander of the Left Wing 1782:Jean Louis Ebénézer Reynier 1369:, Überlingen am Bodensee, 1151:, and the Austrian city of 1006:is located in the state of 825:Army of the Sabre and Meuse 3864: 3843:War of the First Coalition 3659:Napoleonic Wars Data Book, 3644:York (UK), Methuen, 1954. 3106:Berlin: The Downfall 1945. 2834:. Basel, 1798, pp. 64–72. 2059:Alexandre Camille Taponier 1495:War of the First Coalition 955: 881: 870:where it emptied into the 823:were combined to form the 647:By 1792 the armies of the 635: 595:War of the First Coalition 591:French National Convention 534: 430:War of the First Coalition 159:War of the First Coalition 3838:French Revolutionary Wars 3732:London: UCL Press, 1997. 3561:Rogers, Clifford, et al. 2651:London, (np) 1797, 18–22. 2643:Charles, pp. 153–154 and 2153:Artillery (unknown count) 2150:Regiment (four squadrons) 2089:Regiment (four squadrons) 1947:Regiment (four squadrons) 1940:Regiment (four squadrons) 1829:Commander of the Reserve 1717:Jean Victor Marie Moreau 1691:Jean Victor Marie Moreau 1648: 1645: 1610:French Revolutionary Wars 1108:Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg 994:as a division commander, 638:French Revolutionary Army 537:French Revolutionary Wars 415:French Revolutionary Army 365:Rhine campaign of 1793–94 172: 36: 3599:, 37:1 (Feb 1973), 1–5. 3234:USA: Leonaur Ltd., 2011 2197:Henri François Delaborde 1980:Artillery – 556 men 1845:Antoine Guillaume Delmas 1824:Commander of the Center 1792:Commander of Engineers: 1589:The resurrection of the 1081:Wilhelm von Wartensleben 992:François Joseph Lefebvre 926:Battle of Handschuhsheim 853:). This forms part of a 454:Jean Victor Marie Moreau 411:Armée de Rhin-et-Moselle 108:Jean Victor Marie Moreau 3642:Castles and Fortresses. 3228:Dodge, Theodore Ayrault 3118:Bertaud, Jean Paul and 2958:Phipps, vol. 2, p. iii. 1761:Order of Battle in 1796 916:, completely isolating 731:Antoine Nicolas Collier 659:special representatives 580:Declaration of Pillnitz 18:Army of Rhin-et-Moselle 3833:Field armies of France 3579:Rothenberg, Gunther E. 3426:Napoleon: A Biography. 2885:Napoleon: A Biography. 2715:Phipps, v II, p. 278. 2346: 2334: 1661:Jean-Charles Pichegru 1491:Treaty of Campo Formio 1475:Jean Charles Abbatucci 967: 958:Rhine Campaign of 1796 884:Rhine Campaign of 1795 804: 578:of Prussia, Leopold's 558:succeeded his brother 547: 506:Treaty of Campo Formio 480:drubbed the French at 410: 380:Rhine campaign of 1796 375:Rhine campaign of 1795 340:Mediterranean campaign 3778:, Kuhl, France, 1820. 3541:Battle of Emmendingen 3506:Phipps, Ramsey Weston 3442:Mechel, Christian von 3358:nl, G. Virtue, 1828. 2669:Charles, pp. 153–154. 2561:Siegburg, 1 June 1796 2470:Bertaud, pp. 283–290. 2455:Gunther E. Rothenberg 2235:Jean-Baptiste Nouvion 1765:The Army included 66 1593:civil dignity of the 1537:Thermidorian Reaction 1479:Georges Joseph Dufour 998:, as a brigadier and 965: 898:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan 836:Jean-Charles Pichegru 801: 723:Adam Philippe Custine 719:Jean Nicolas Houchard 632:Purpose and formation 544: 474:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan 446:Jean-Charles Pichegru 104:Jean-Charles Pichegru 3745:Other useful sources 3726:Wilson, Peter Hamish 3303:Ersch, Johann Samuel 3271:The Age of Napoleon. 3250:Napoleon's Marshals, 2973:Napoleon's marshals. 2949:Phipps, pp. 348–349. 2826:Christian von Mechel 2627:8 April 2000 at the 2528:Ramsay Weston Phipps 2282:Jean-Baptiste Tholmé 1993:Jean Victor Tharreau 1975:6th Dragoon Regiment 1861:16th Light Infantry 1801:1796 Order of Battle 1614:Jean-Baptiste Drouet 1582:Ramsey Weston Phipps 1541:Sauveur de la Patrie 1351:class=notpageimage| 1077:Count Baillet Latour 1056:free imperial cities 1008:Rhineland-Palatinate 972:Jean-Baptiste Kléber 821:Army of the Ardennes 809:Armies of the Center 735:Francisco de Miranda 618:Austrian Netherlands 576:Frederick William II 521:Ramsey Weston Phipps 490:Limburg-Altenkirchen 3336:Knepper, Thomas P. 3326:London, (np) 1797. 3203:R. Chapelot, 1905. 3183:, , Strauss, 1819. 2922:The Age of Napoleon 2767:Smith, pp. 111–125. 2745:Graham, pp. 124–25. 2734:The Annual Register 2679:Peter Hamish Wilson 2507:Johann Samuel Ersch 2491:Knepper, pp. 19–20. 2335:infanterie de ligne 2207:Nicolas Louis Jordy 1872:7th Hussar Regiment 1843:Division Commander 1803: 1572:School for marshals 1545:National Convention 1499:armistice at Leoben 1392:Battle of Neresheim 1066:, commander of the 1018:was located in the 978:(4 June 1796) and 813:Army of the Moselle 811:, later called the 757:regiments defected 737:'s failure to take 643:Military challenges 606:siege of Luxembourg 440:. The unsuccessful 423:Army of the Moselle 360:East Indies Theatre 350:War of the Pyrenees 3768:Dyke, Thomas, Jr. 3414:. A. Black, 1831. 3405:Malte-Brun, Conrad 2997:Phipps, pp. 90–94. 2694:Graham, pp. 84–88. 2660:Graham, pp. 18–22. 2148:Chasseurs à cheval 2086:Chasseurs à cheval 2069:Dominique Vandamme 1945:Chasseurs à cheval 1938:Chasseurs à cheval 1865:(three battalions) 1810:Center and Reserve 1799: 1788:Jean-Baptiste Eblé 996:Jean-de-Dieu Soult 988:Marshals of France 968: 805: 766:upper Rhine Valley 562:as emperor of the 548: 3752:Blanning, Timothy 3672:Vann, James Allen 3610:Rotteck, Carl von 3591:978-1-908692-25-2 3460:Millar, Stephen. 3240:978-0-85706-598-8 3213:Cuccia, Phillip. 3085:Blanning, Timothy 3050:Alison, Archibald 2347:infanterie légère 2309: 2308: 2163:Reserve Commander 2028:Jean-Marie Forest 1912:Michel de Beaupuy 1826:Gouvion Saint Cyr 1780:Chief of Staff: 1758: 1757: 1547:, he subdued the 1497:. The subsequent 1425:Battle of Limburg 1379:Ernestine duchies 1135:, and eventually 946:siege of Mannheim 890:Fortress of Mainz 832:Army of the Rhine 817:Army of the North 700:cockade of France 610:Battle of Fleurus 564:Holy Roman Empire 448:from command. In 419:Army of the Rhine 398: 397: 390:Anglo-Spanish War 370:Atlantic campaign 355:Italian campaigns 345:War in the Vendée 330:Flanders campaign 121: 120: 16:(Redirected from 3855: 3803:Life of Napoleon 3690: 3597:Military Affairs 3524: 3487:Philippart, John 3471: 3450:. Basel, 1798. 3440: 3387: 3370: 3301: 3285: 3197:Clerget, Charles 3195: 3176: 3164:. France, 1796. 3157: 3037: 3034: 3028: 3025: 3010: 3007: 2998: 2995: 2989: 2986: 2977: 2965: 2959: 2956: 2950: 2947: 2941: 2931: 2925: 2911: 2905: 2895: 2889: 2880: 2871: 2863: 2859: 2853: 2850: 2844: 2841: 2835: 2824: 2820: 2814: 2801: 2795: 2792: 2786: 2774: 2768: 2765: 2759: 2754:Phillip Cuccia, 2752: 2746: 2743: 2737: 2731: 2725: 2722: 2716: 2713: 2707: 2704: 2695: 2692: 2686: 2676: 2670: 2667: 2661: 2658: 2652: 2641: 2632: 2613: 2609: 2603: 2597: 2593: 2587: 2584: 2578: 2575:Military Affairs 2571: 2565: 2556: 2550: 2541: 2535: 2525: 2516: 2505: 2501: 2492: 2489: 2483: 2480: 2471: 2468: 2462: 2452: 2446: 2435: 2431: 2420: 2409: 2396: 2389:Timothy Blanning 2386: 2367: 2356: 2350: 2327: 2105:François Laroche 1977:(four squadrons) 1874:(four squadrons) 1804: 1745: 1688: 1673: 1658: 1640: 1396:Battle of Amberg 1339: 1338: 1325: 1324: 1311: 1310: 1297: 1296: 1283: 1282: 1269: 1268: 1255: 1254: 1241: 1240: 1227: 1226: 1213: 1212: 1199: 1198: 1185: 1184: 1171: 1170: 1164: 1064:Archduke Charles 1060:imperial estates 952:Campaign in 1796 878:Campaign of 1795 779:French Directory 751:Hussards du Saxe 684:tarleton helmets 568:Marie Antoinette 464: 167: 160: 150: 143: 136: 127: 78: 77: 41: 29: 21: 3863: 3862: 3858: 3857: 3856: 3854: 3853: 3852: 3813: 3812: 3809: 3786:The Art of War, 3747: 3742: 3688: 3640:Sellman, R. R. 3626:Schama, Simon. 3522: 3469: 3438: 3424:McLynn, Frank. 3385: 3368: 3299: 3283: 3193: 3174: 3155: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3031: 3026: 3013: 3009:Clerget, p. 55. 3008: 3001: 2996: 2992: 2987: 2980: 2966: 2962: 2957: 2953: 2948: 2944: 2932: 2928: 2912: 2908: 2896: 2892: 2881: 2874: 2861: 2860: 2856: 2851: 2847: 2842: 2838: 2822: 2821: 2817: 2802: 2798: 2793: 2789: 2777:John Philippart 2775: 2771: 2766: 2762: 2753: 2749: 2744: 2740: 2732: 2728: 2723: 2719: 2714: 2710: 2705: 2698: 2693: 2689: 2677: 2673: 2668: 2664: 2659: 2655: 2642: 2635: 2629:Wayback Machine 2611: 2610: 2606: 2595: 2594: 2590: 2585: 2581: 2572: 2568: 2557: 2553: 2542: 2538: 2526: 2519: 2503: 2502: 2495: 2490: 2486: 2481: 2474: 2469: 2465: 2453: 2449: 2437:Charles Clerget 2433: 2432: 2423: 2410: 2399: 2387: 2380: 2376: 2371: 2370: 2357: 2353: 2328: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2233: 2161: 2132:Claude Lecourbe 1853:Maurice Frimont 1828: 1763: 1638: 1574: 1511: 1503:Army of Germany 1387: 1357: 1356: 1355: 1353: 1347: 1346: 1345: 1344: 1340: 1332: 1331: 1330: 1326: 1318: 1317: 1316: 1312: 1304: 1303: 1302: 1298: 1290: 1289: 1288: 1284: 1276: 1275: 1274: 1270: 1262: 1261: 1260: 1256: 1248: 1247: 1246: 1242: 1234: 1233: 1232: 1228: 1220: 1219: 1218: 1214: 1206: 1205: 1204: 1200: 1192: 1191: 1190: 1186: 1178: 1177: 1176: 1172: 1031:First Coalition 960: 954: 938:Battle of Mainz 896:, commanded by 886: 880: 847:the Rhine Ditch 796: 743:La Force Prison 733:, were killed. 715:Nicolas Luckner 680:levée en masse. 663:Théobald Dillon 649:French Republic 645: 640: 634: 614:First Coalition 552:1789 revolution 539: 533: 510:Army of Germany 472:, commanded by 462: 399: 394: 326: 168: 158: 156: 154: 124: 114: 110: 106: 99: 65:Army of Germany 47: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3861: 3859: 3851: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3815: 3814: 3808: 3807: 3796: 3779: 3773: 3766: 3764:978-0198225645 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3740: 3723: 3706: 3691:Volk, Helmut. 3686: 3669: 3652: 3638: 3624: 3607: 3593: 3576: 3573:978-0195334036 3559: 3536: 3520: 3503: 3484: 3467: 3458: 3436: 3422: 3402: 3383: 3366: 3349: 3346:978-3540293934 3334: 3317: 3297: 3281: 3260: 3243: 3225: 3223:978-0806144450 3211: 3191: 3172: 3153: 3137:Bodart, Gaston 3134: 3116: 3102:Beevor, Antony 3099: 3097:978-0340569115 3082: 3067: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3038: 3029: 3027:Clerget, p.62. 3011: 2999: 2990: 2978: 2960: 2951: 2942: 2926: 2906: 2890: 2882:Frank McLynn, 2872: 2854: 2852:Smith, p. 132. 2845: 2836: 2815: 2796: 2787: 2769: 2760: 2747: 2738: 2726: 2724:Smith, p. 125. 2717: 2708: 2706:Smith, p. 121. 2696: 2687: 2671: 2662: 2653: 2633: 2604: 2588: 2586:Smith, p. 115. 2579: 2566: 2551: 2536: 2517: 2493: 2484: 2482:Smith, p. 111. 2472: 2463: 2447: 2421: 2397: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2368: 2351: 2339:light infantry 2321: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2307: 2306: 2305: 2304: 2303: 2302: 2301: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2285: 2284: 2275: 2274: 2273: 2272: 2271: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2258: 2257: 2248: 2247: 2245:Augustin Tuncq 2240: 2239: 2238: 2237: 2225: 2224: 2223: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2210: 2209: 2200: 2199: 2191: 2190: 2189: 2188: 2187: 2186: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2159: 2158: 2157: 2156: 2155: 2154: 2151: 2144: 2141: 2135: 2134: 2125: 2124: 2123: 2122: 2121: 2120: 2117: 2114: 2108: 2107: 2098: 2097: 2096: 2095: 2094: 2093: 2090: 2081: 2078: 2072: 2071: 2062: 2061: 2049: 2048: 2047: 2046: 2045: 2044: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2031: 2030: 2021: 2020: 2013: 2012: 2011: 2010: 2009: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1996: 1995: 1986: 1985: 1984: 1983: 1982: 1981: 1978: 1972: 1969: 1963: 1962: 1960:Dominique Joba 1953: 1952: 1951: 1950: 1949: 1948: 1941: 1934: 1931: 1925: 1924: 1915: 1914: 1907: 1906: 1905: 1904: 1903: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1890: 1889: 1880: 1879: 1878: 1877: 1876: 1875: 1869: 1866: 1856: 1855: 1840: 1839: 1833: 1822: 1815: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1797: 1796: 1790: 1784: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1755: 1749: 1746: 1738: 1737: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1724: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1711: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1698: 1692: 1689: 1681: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1666: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1651: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1637: 1634: 1573: 1570: 1510: 1507: 1386: 1385:Summer of 1796 1383: 1362:Swabian Circle 1349: 1348: 1342: 1341: 1334: 1333: 1328: 1327: 1320: 1319: 1314: 1313: 1306: 1305: 1300: 1299: 1292: 1291: 1286: 1285: 1278: 1277: 1272: 1271: 1264: 1263: 1258: 1257: 1250: 1249: 1244: 1243: 1236: 1235: 1230: 1229: 1222: 1221: 1216: 1215: 1208: 1207: 1202: 1201: 1194: 1193: 1188: 1187: 1180: 1179: 1174: 1173: 1166: 1165: 1159: 1158: 1157: 953: 950: 902:Count Clerfayt 879: 876: 795: 792: 741:landed him in 688:national guard 671:levée en masse 644: 641: 633: 630: 622:Dutch Republic 546:(Niederrhein). 532: 529: 486:second Wetzlar 396: 395: 393: 392: 387: 382: 377: 372: 367: 362: 357: 352: 347: 342: 337: 332: 325: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 279: 274: 269: 264: 259: 254: 249: 244: 239: 234: 229: 224: 219: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 179: 173: 170: 169: 155: 153: 152: 145: 138: 130: 122: 119: 118: 101: 95: 94: 90: 89: 87:First Republic 84: 80: 79: 72: 68: 67: 61: 57: 56: 53: 49: 48: 42: 34: 33: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3860: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3820: 3818: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3794:9781934255582 3791: 3787: 3783: 3780: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3767: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3750: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3694: 3687: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3667:9781853672767 3664: 3660: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3577: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3565: 3560: 3557: 3553: 3552: 3547: 3543: 3542: 3538:Rickard, J., 3537: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3521: 3519: 3518:9781908692252 3515: 3511: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3493: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3482:9783898535465 3479: 3475: 3468: 3465: 3464: 3459: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3448: 3443: 3437: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3411: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3392: 3384: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3367: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3350: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3282: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3192: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3181: 3173: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3162: 3154: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3143: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3115: 3114:0-670-88695-5 3111: 3107: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3072: 3068: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3056: 3051: 3048: 3047: 3042: 3033: 3030: 3024: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3012: 3006: 3004: 3000: 2994: 2991: 2985: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2961: 2955: 2952: 2946: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2930: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2910: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2894: 2891: 2887: 2886: 2879: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2866: 2858: 2855: 2849: 2846: 2840: 2837: 2833: 2832: 2827: 2819: 2816: 2812: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2797: 2791: 2788: 2784: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2770: 2764: 2761: 2757: 2751: 2748: 2742: 2739: 2735: 2730: 2727: 2721: 2718: 2712: 2709: 2703: 2701: 2697: 2691: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2675: 2672: 2666: 2663: 2657: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2640: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2608: 2605: 2601: 2592: 2589: 2583: 2580: 2576: 2570: 2567: 2563: 2562: 2555: 2552: 2548: 2547: 2540: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2524: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2513: 2508: 2500: 2498: 2494: 2488: 2485: 2479: 2477: 2473: 2467: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2451: 2448: 2444: 2443: 2438: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2385: 2383: 2379: 2373: 2365: 2361: 2360:Demi-brigades 2355: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2331:line infantry 2326: 2323: 2316: 2311: 2298: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2288: 2287: 2286: 2283: 2279: 2278: 2277: 2276: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2261: 2260: 2259: 2256: 2252: 2251: 2250: 2249: 2246: 2242: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2227: 2226: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2213: 2212: 2211: 2208: 2204: 2203: 2202: 2201: 2198: 2194: 2193: 2192: 2183: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2173: 2172: 2171: 2170: 2169: 2168: 2167: 2164: 2152: 2149: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2138: 2137: 2136: 2133: 2129: 2128: 2127: 2126: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2111: 2110: 2109: 2106: 2102: 2101: 2100: 2099: 2091: 2088: 2087: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2075: 2074: 2073: 2070: 2066: 2065: 2064: 2063: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2051: 2050: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2034: 2033: 2032: 2029: 2025: 2024: 2023: 2022: 2019: 2015: 2014: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1999: 1998: 1997: 1994: 1990: 1989: 1988: 1987: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1966: 1965: 1964: 1961: 1957: 1956: 1955: 1954: 1946: 1942: 1939: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1928: 1927: 1926: 1923: 1919: 1918: 1917: 1916: 1913: 1909: 1908: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1893: 1892: 1891: 1888: 1884: 1883: 1882: 1881: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1860: 1859: 1858: 1857: 1854: 1850: 1849: 1848: 1847: 1846: 1842: 1841: 1838: 1834: 1832: 1827: 1823: 1821: 1817: 1816: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1805: 1802: 1795: 1791: 1789: 1785: 1783: 1779: 1778: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1768: 1760: 1754: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1740: 1739: 1736: 1732: 1730:Louis Desaix 1729: 1727: 1726: 1723: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1713: 1710: 1706: 1704:Louis Desaix 1703: 1701: 1700: 1697: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1683: 1682: 1678: 1676:Louis Desaix 1675: 1672: 1668: 1667: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1653: 1652: 1641: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1591:Ancien Régime 1586: 1583: 1579: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1561: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1549:sans-culottes 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1521: 1517: 1508: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1493:, ending the 1492: 1486: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1463: 1459: 1454: 1451: 1450:Duc d'Enghien 1445: 1443: 1439: 1434: 1428: 1426: 1421: 1417: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1363: 1352: 1163: 1156: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1120: 1118: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1100:Army of Condé 1097: 1093: 1089: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1027: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 964: 959: 951: 949: 947: 943: 939: 933: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 900:, confronted 899: 895: 892:. The French 891: 885: 877: 875: 873: 869: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 839: 837: 833: 828: 826: 822: 818: 815:, the entire 814: 810: 800: 793: 791: 789: 785: 780: 776: 771: 767: 762: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 727:Arthur Dillon 724: 720: 716: 712: 711: 703: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 672: 666: 664: 660: 656: 655: 654:Ancien Régime 650: 642: 639: 631: 629: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 598: 596: 592: 588: 587: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 543: 538: 530: 528: 526: 522: 518: 513: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 466: 461: 460: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 426: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 391: 388: 386: 383: 381: 378: 376: 373: 371: 368: 366: 363: 361: 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 327: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 268: 265: 263: 260: 258: 255: 253: 250: 248: 245: 243: 240: 238: 235: 233: 230: 228: 225: 223: 220: 218: 215: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 178: 175: 174: 171: 165: 161: 151: 146: 144: 139: 137: 132: 131: 128: 123:Military unit 117: 113: 109: 105: 102: 96: 91: 88: 85: 81: 73: 69: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 45: 40: 35: 30: 27: 19: 3810: 3802: 3799:Sloane, W.M. 3785: 3775: 3769: 3755: 3729: 3712: 3709:Walker, Mack 3695: 3675: 3658: 3655:Smith, Digby 3641: 3627: 3613: 3596: 3582: 3563: 3550: 3540: 3525: 3509: 3491: 3473: 3472:"Pichegru." 3462: 3446: 3425: 3409: 3390: 3372: 3355: 3337: 3323: 3306: 3287: 3270: 3267:Ariel Durant 3263:Durant, Will 3249: 3231: 3214: 3200: 3179: 3160: 3141: 3123: 3105: 3088: 3070: 3054: 3032: 2993: 2972: 2963: 2954: 2945: 2937: 2929: 2921: 2918:Ariel Durant 2909: 2901: 2898:Simon Schama 2893: 2884: 2867: 2864: 2857: 2848: 2839: 2830: 2818: 2808: 2799: 2790: 2781: 2772: 2763: 2755: 2750: 2741: 2733: 2729: 2720: 2711: 2690: 2682: 2674: 2665: 2656: 2648: 2615: 2607: 2599: 2591: 2582: 2574: 2569: 2560: 2558:J. Rickard, 2554: 2545: 2539: 2531: 2511: 2487: 2466: 2458: 2450: 2441: 2416: 2392: 2363: 2354: 2325: 2162: 2160: 2147: 2084: 1944: 1937: 1863:Demi-brigade 1820:Louis Desaix 1800: 1775: 1764: 1752: 1734: 1721: 1708: 1695: 1590: 1587: 1577: 1575: 1562: 1540: 1520:Lazare Hoche 1512: 1487: 1467: 1455: 1446: 1429: 1412: 1407: 1388: 1358: 1287:Altenkirchen 1121: 1110:'s force in 1085: 1067: 1058:, and other 1038: 1028: 1004:Altenkirchen 976:Altenkirchen 969: 942:Pfeddersheim 934: 887: 859:Black Forest 850: 846: 840: 829: 806: 803:Netherlands. 763: 758: 754: 750: 707: 704: 696:phrygian cap 691: 679: 676:demi-brigade 669: 667: 652: 646: 599: 584: 571: 549: 516: 514: 494:Black Forest 467: 457: 427: 402: 400: 282:Newfoundland 247:Altenkirchen 112:Louis Desaix 26: 3689:(in German) 3523:(in French) 3470:(in German) 3439:(in French) 3386:(in German) 3369:(in French) 3300:(in German) 3284:(in German) 3194:(in French) 3175:(in German) 3156:(in German) 3120:R.R. Palmer 2862:(in German) 2823:(in French) 2612:(in German) 2596:(in German) 2543:J. Rickard 2504:(in German) 2434:(in French) 2413:R.R. Palmer 1566:Henri Simon 1557:bread riots 1555:during the 1438:Emmendingen 1301:Emmendingen 1068:Reichsarmee 1039:Reichsarmee 855:rift valley 851:Rheingraben 788:Zweibrücken 686:, with the 602:Netherlands 574:nobles and 459:Reichsarmee 335:Chouannerie 3817:Categories 3721:0801406706 3338:The Rhine. 3057:, Volume 3 3043:References 2811:, Volume 3 2195:Division: 2053:Division: 2016:Division: 1910:Division: 1767:battalions 1636:Commanders 1602:Napoleon I 1595:marchalate 1533:Saint-Just 1416:Ingolstadt 1217:Schliengen 1141:Überlingen 1137:Ravensburg 1033:included 1000:Michel Ney 956:See also: 914:Main River 910:Düsseldorf 882:See also: 843:Rhine knee 739:Maastricht 710:guillotine 636:See also: 535:See also: 531:Background 237:Den Helder 232:Guadeloupe 227:Martinique 197:Thionville 177:Porrentruy 100:commanders 93:Commanders 83:Allegiance 3704:939802377 3605:0026-3931 3556:Ettlingen 3546:Ettlingen 3534:560845873 3456:715971198 3315:978611925 3189:444880753 3170:693115692 3122:(trans). 3080:264471215 2865:Pichegru. 2736:, p. 208. 2415:(trans). 2374:Citations 2333:(French: 2243:Division 2228:Brigades 2205:Brigade: 2067:Brigade: 2026:Brigade: 1991:Brigade: 1958:Brigade: 1885:Brigade: 1851:Brigade: 1771:squadrons 1626:MacDonald 1400:Friedberg 1367:Constance 1203:Friedberg 1189:Neresheim 1175:Ettlingen 1145:Meersburg 1125:Stuttgart 1043:North Sea 1024:Frankfurt 872:North Sea 794:Formation 527:'s army. 322:Diersheim 312:Fishguard 272:Neresheim 182:Quiévrain 60:Disbanded 3738:52081917 3650:12261230 3581:(2007). 3434:49351026 3400:63336793 3332:44868000 3209:13730761 3132:17954374 2625:Archived 2364:de ligne 2280:Brigade 2255:Paillard 2253:Brigade 2130:Brigade 2103:Brigade 1920:Brigade 1597:allowed 1529:Nijmegen 1470:Hüningen 1408:Schröder 1375:Augsburg 1343:Mannheim 1245:Würzburg 1149:Buchhorn 1133:Stockach 1104:Freiburg 1092:Hüningen 1051:Habsburg 1047:Adriatic 1035:imperial 922:Mannheim 819:and the 784:Assignat 759:en masse 753:and the 620:and the 604:and the 525:Napoleon 502:Hüningen 482:Wurzburg 421:and the 302:Biberach 297:2nd Kehl 287:Würzburg 262:1st Kehl 257:Kircheib 242:Siegburg 222:Sardinia 217:Jemappes 187:Marquain 44:Fusilier 3684:2276157 3636:2331328 3501:8721194 3420:1171138 3381:3903245 3364:5207764 3279:1256901 3258:3438894 3151:1458451 3065:6051293 1769:and 79 1630:Oudinot 1599:Emperor 1516:Jacobin 1483:Lörrach 1273:Limburg 1231:Wetzlar 1153:Bregenz 1129:Waldsee 1112:Rastatt 1016:Wetzlar 980:Wetzlar 708:Madame 586:émigrés 556:Leopold 484:and at 317:Neuwied 307:Ireland 292:Limburg 252:Wetzlar 98:Notable 71:Country 3792: 3762: 3736: 3719: 3702: 3682: 3665: 3648: 3634: 3622:653511 3620: 3603: 3589: 3571: 3532: 3516: 3499: 3480: 3454: 3432: 3418: 3398: 3379: 3362: 3344: 3330: 3313: 3277: 3256: 3238: 3221: 3207: 3187: 3168: 3149: 3130: 3112: 3095: 3078: 3063: 2343:French 1813:Right 1649:Dates 1643:Image 1620:, and 1462:sortie 1404:Danube 1373:, and 1259:Amberg 1073:Bingen 930:Höchst 863:Vosges 775:Vienna 770:Danube 747:émigré 698:and a 692:fédéré 572:émigré 560:Joseph 438:Vienna 407:French 277:Amberg 267:Malsch 192:Verdun 52:Active 2317:Notes 2083:20th 1646:Name 1606:power 1578:cadre 1553:Paris 1525:Meuse 1329:Mainz 1117:Basel 918:Mainz 868:delta 626:Rhine 517:cadre 463:' 434:Rhine 212:Mainz 207:Lille 202:Valmy 3790:ISBN 3760:ISBN 3734:OCLC 3717:ISBN 3700:OCLC 3680:OCLC 3663:ISBN 3646:OCLC 3632:OCLC 3618:OCLC 3601:ISSN 3587:ISBN 3569:ISBN 3530:OCLC 3514:ISBN 3497:OCLC 3478:ISBN 3452:OCLC 3430:OCLC 3416:OCLC 3396:OCLC 3377:OCLC 3360:OCLC 3342:ISBN 3328:OCLC 3311:OCLC 3275:OCLC 3265:and 3254:OCLC 3236:ISBN 3219:ISBN 3205:OCLC 3185:OCLC 3166:OCLC 3147:OCLC 3128:OCLC 3110:ISBN 3093:ISBN 3076:OCLC 3061:OCLC 2916:and 2914:Will 2146:2nd 2057:and 1943:8th 1936:4th 1807:Left 1458:Kehl 1315:Kehl 1106:nor 1090:and 1088:Kehl 1012:Bonn 729:and 500:and 498:Kehl 450:1796 442:1795 401:The 164:List 2232:and 1551:of 1468:At 1433:Elz 1371:Ulm 1131:to 1102:in 1098:'s 3819:: 3784:. 3754:. 3728:. 3711:. 3674:. 3657:. 3612:. 3554:; 3548:; 3544:; 3508:, 3489:. 3444:, 3407:. 3354:, 3322:. 3305:. 3269:, 3248:. 3230:. 3199:. 3139:. 3104:. 3087:. 3052:. 3014:^ 3002:^ 2981:^ 2970:, 2936:, 2920:, 2900:, 2875:^ 2828:, 2806:. 2779:, 2699:^ 2681:, 2647:. 2636:^ 2530:, 2520:^ 2509:, 2496:^ 2475:^ 2457:, 2439:, 2424:^ 2400:^ 2391:. 2381:^ 2345:: 1628:, 1616:, 1505:. 1418:, 1381:. 1155:. 1147:, 1143:, 1014:. 874:. 725:, 721:, 717:, 702:. 512:. 425:. 409:: 3575:. 3412:. 3348:. 3291:. 3242:. 2619:. 2341:( 1037:( 849:( 405:( 166:) 162:( 149:e 142:t 135:v 20:)

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Knowledge (XXG)

Army of the Rhine and Moselle

Index