17:
241:
141:
Arnoux devised a system of chains and pulleys so that each of the wheels' correctly adjusted in yaw through the curve: as soon as the leading axle started to turn, all other axles would also turn by the same amount. However, this was flawed since not all carriages in a long train are on the same part
323:
Current research may rework the Arnoux system by replacing its mechanical steering linkages with modern electronic systems. The most promising approach places independent traction motors in each wheel which not only propel the vehicle but also steer the individual wheelset by means of torque
319:
utilises independent wheels mounted in a "rodal" between cars. Linkage rods keep the "rodal" aligned tangentially with the track. Like Arnoux, this system originally utilised (Iberian) broad gauge tracks, but recent versions are used on standard gauge or utilise variable gauge.
387:
Publication industrielle des machines, outils et appareils les plus perfectionnés et les plus récents employés dans les différentes branches de l'industrie française et étrangère : Notices sur les machines locomotives envoyées à l'exposition
297:, then had a succession of curves at 63,-70-and-50-metre radii (207, 230 and 164 ft); the gradient was up to 11 mm/m (1.1%, 1:91), which was significant. All together the line was 10.5 km (6.5 mi) long.
393:
Industrial
Journal of the Most Perfect and Recent Machines, Utilities and Appliances in Divers Parts of French and Foreign Industry: Notes on Locomotives Displayed at the Exposition Universelle
211:
between 1839 and 1840 in a 1 km (0.62 mi) circuit constructed by Alexis Dulong. These trials successfully demonstrated the stability and safety of the system. Public bodies, the
138:
of the wheels was reduced to basically zero. Arnoux adapted the system used on horse-carts, which pivoted each axle at its centre, to be applied equally over the two axles together.
341:
690:
309:, which were invented in the United States shortly after adopting rail transport, but this was unknown in Europe at the time. The Arnoux system bears some similarity to
348:
was the only route built to its design, with its unusual track gauge and specific construction of carriages and locomotives. The track was replaced overnight with
53:("Arnoux rail system"), and the Ligne de Sceaux was built to test his prototypes. The line started commercial use in 1846, but the operating cost and the use of a
1083:
695:
597:
542:
142:
of the curve. A compromise was to use pulleys of different diameters, with guide wheels on the locomotive to control their motion. Also, using a
324:
vectoring. This gives reduced weight and complexity over current bogies whilst also reducing wear on both the train and track. Examples include
274:
423:
446:
361:
29:
1038:
993:
878:
739:
590:
759:
729:
340:
Use of the Arnoux System from Paris to
Limours was abandoned in 1883 during negotiations with the government and the
1078:
583:
516:
216:
44:
983:
813:
264:. On 5 September 1844, Arnoux and the Minister of Public Works signed a contract to build and operate the line.
521:: contains a description of the prize and a long study of the advantages and disadvantages of the Arnoux System
385:
290:
329:
889:
853:
794:
261:
113:
37:
968:
868:
789:
754:
719:
685:
310:
1057:
953:
764:
1017:
784:
744:
943:
734:
667:
294:
473:
325:
16:
823:
677:
498:
442:
419:
249:
220:
933:
779:
724:
615:
172:
105:
101:
1027:
928:
366:
345:
253:
240:
188:
33:
530:
1022:
1012:
973:
913:
908:
873:
769:
749:
700:
438:
349:
286:
212:
208:
1072:
1002:
948:
923:
918:
843:
313:
system, as both are designed to keep the axles radial to the curvature of the track.
180:
117:
963:
848:
828:
278:
47:, Arnoux devised a new articulation system that allowed train wheels to turn, the
409:
978:
958:
938:
858:
632:
143:
54:
898:
863:
833:
774:
710:
642:
620:
606:
1047:
657:
652:
637:
624:
371:
191:
were arranged to pivot and were controlled by near-horizontal guide wheels.
135:
28:
is a train articulation system, for turning on railroad tracks, invented by
507:] (in French). Vol. 11. Paris: Gauthier-Villars. 1840. p. 115
416:
François Arago, a general genius: physics and astronomy in the 19th century
281:
to allow trains to reverse direction. The route then had its first stop at
108:
with two fixed axles. As speeds increased, this design caused significant
1052:
647:
411:
François Arago, un savant généreux: physique et astronomie au XIXe siècle
277:) with a curved passenger building of 25-metre (82 ft) radius on a
1007:
903:
282:
175:, so Arnoux invented a separate system for them. The locomotives had a
97:
36:, which was originally built with very tight radii in the area around
662:
184:
32:
and patented in France in 1838. Arnoux was the chief engineer of the
575:
500:
Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences
79:) meant that it was not taken up more widely. The invention of the
838:
804:
316:
306:
257:
239:
176:
80:
15:
109:
579:
194:
Arnoux applied for his patent, number 8342, on 28 March 1838.
289:
on a 30-metre (98 ft) radius curve. The incline towards
232:("Grand Prize for Mechanical Engineering") by the Institute.
83:
made it redundant. It was abandoned entirely by 1893.
128:
To resolve these faults, Arnoux proposed a system of
543:
A high-tech running gear for the train of the future
1036:
992:
887:
803:
709:
676:
614:
267:The line began service in 1846, starting from the
236:Concession & opening of the Ligne de Sceaux
531:Actiwheel: A revolutionary traction technology
226:After this experience, Arnoux was awarded the
591:
505:Weekly proceedings of the Academy of Sciences
8:
342:Compagnie du Chemin de Fer d'Orléans à Rouen
268:
227:
129:
48:
252:, the Arnoux system was implemented on the
598:
584:
576:
168:) was expected to give greater stability.
100:were in their infancy, trains comprised a
566:
328:and their proposed running gear for the
465:
455:Revue Générale des Chemins de Fer, 1895
305:The problem of curves was solved using
203:Trials and the Grand Prix de l'Institut
554:
344:for construction of new lines and the
223:. All unanimously praised the system.
476:. Douglas-self.com. 12 September 2013
7:
493:
491:
1084:History of rail transport in France
435:La ligne de Sceaux, 140 d'histoire
395:] (in French). Paris: A. Morel
384:Armengaud, Jacques-Eugène (1858).
293:was straight until the station at
14:
418:] (in French). EDP Sciences.
171:This system was not suitable for
244:Système Arnoux train at terminus
134:("Articulated axles") where the
879:Schwartzkopff-Eckhardt II bogie
474:"The Arnoux Guide-Wheel System"
362:Jean-Claude-RĂ©publicain Arnoux
50:système ferroviaire dit Arnoux
30:Jean-Claude-RĂ©publicain Arnoux
1:
215:and numerous members of the
20:Diagram of the Arnoux System
1100:
517:French Academy of Sciences
217:French Academy of Sciences
179:wheel arrangement and the
45:French Academy of Sciences
814:AAR type A switcher truck
545:, German Aerospace Centre
275:Denfert-Rochereau station
43:With the support of the
433:Jacobs, Gaston (1987).
408:Lequeux, James (2008).
229:Grand Prix de MĂ©canique
116:and instability in the
854:Krauss-Helmholtz bogie
269:
262:Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine
245:
228:
202:
130:
49:
38:Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine
21:
869:Radial steering truck
686:AAR wheel arrangement
330:Next Generation Train
273:("Hell's Gate") (see
248:At the suggestion of
243:
207:Trials took place at
198:Practical application
19:
696:Swiss classification
944:Klien-Lindner axle
691:UIC classification
668:Dual Control Stand
311:Cleminson's patent
295:Fontenay-aux-Roses
246:
22:
1079:Rail technologies
1066:
1065:
969:Road–rail vehicle
954:Luttermöller axle
824:Articulated bogie
678:Wheel arrangement
557:, pp. 31–32.
173:steam locomotives
131:essieux articulés
124:Proposed solution
106:railway carriages
1091:
839:Cleminson system
600:
593:
586:
577:
570:
564:
558:
552:
546:
540:
534:
528:
522:
520:
514:
512:
495:
486:
485:
483:
481:
470:
452:
429:
404:
402:
400:
272:
270:Barrière d'enfer
231:
167:
165:
164:
160:
157:
149:
133:
104:and one or more
102:steam locomotive
78:
76:
75:
71:
68:
60:
52:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1032:
988:
929:Equalising beam
883:
799:
705:
672:
619:
610:
604:
574:
573:
565:
561:
553:
549:
541:
537:
529:
525:
510:
508:
497:
496:
489:
479:
477:
472:
471:
467:
462:
449:
432:
426:
407:
398:
396:
383:
380:
367:Ligne de Sceaux
358:
346:Ligne de Sceaux
338:
303:
254:Ligne de Sceaux
238:
205:
200:
189:carrying wheels
162:
158:
155:
153:
152:5 ft
151:
147:
126:
94:
89:
73:
69:
66:
64:
63:5 ft
62:
58:
34:Ligne de Sceaux
12:
11:
5:
1097:
1095:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1071:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1044:
1042:
1039:exhaust system
1034:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
999:
997:
994:Exhaust system
990:
989:
987:
986:
981:
976:
974:Trailing wheel
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
914:Carrying wheel
911:
909:Beugniot lever
906:
901:
895:
893:
885:
884:
882:
881:
876:
874:Scheffel bogie
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
810:
808:
801:
800:
798:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
716:
714:
707:
706:
704:
703:
701:Whyte notation
698:
693:
688:
682:
680:
674:
673:
671:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
629:
627:
612:
611:
605:
603:
602:
595:
588:
580:
572:
571:
567:Armengaud 1858
559:
547:
535:
523:
487:
464:
463:
461:
458:
457:
456:
453:
447:
439:La Vie du Rail
430:
425:978-2868839992
424:
405:
379:
376:
375:
374:
369:
364:
357:
354:
350:standard gauge
337:
334:
302:
299:
287:Bourg-la-Reine
250:François Arago
237:
234:
221:François Arago
213:Duke of Aumale
204:
201:
199:
196:
181:driving wheels
125:
122:
93:
90:
88:
85:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1096:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
998:
995:
991:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
949:Leading wheel
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
934:Gölsdorf axle
932:
930:
927:
925:
924:Driving wheel
922:
920:
919:Coupled wheel
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
896:
894:
891:
886:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
844:Grovers bogie
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
819:Arnoux system
817:
815:
812:
811:
809:
806:
802:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
730:Bagnall–Price
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
717:
715:
712:
708:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
683:
681:
679:
675:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
630:
628:
626:
622:
617:
613:
608:
601:
596:
594:
589:
587:
582:
581:
578:
569:, p. 45.
568:
563:
560:
556:
551:
548:
544:
539:
536:
533:, SET Limited
532:
527:
524:
518:
506:
502:
501:
494:
492:
488:
475:
469:
466:
459:
454:
450:
448:2-902808-28-3
444:
440:
437:(in French).
436:
431:
427:
421:
417:
413:
412:
406:
394:
390:
389:
382:
381:
377:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
359:
355:
353:
352:in May 1891.
351:
347:
343:
335:
333:
331:
327:
321:
318:
314:
312:
308:
300:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
271:
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
242:
235:
233:
230:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
197:
195:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
169:
148:1,750 mm
145:
139:
137:
132:
123:
121:
119:
118:track ballast
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
91:
86:
84:
82:
59:1,750 mm
56:
51:
46:
41:
39:
35:
31:
27:
26:Arnoux system
18:
964:Railway tire
890:running gear
849:Jacobs bogie
829:Bissel truck
818:
618:positioning
562:
550:
538:
526:
515:– via
509:. Retrieved
504:
499:
478:. Retrieved
468:
434:
415:
410:
397:. Retrieved
392:
386:
339:
322:
315:
304:
301:Alternatives
279:balloon loop
266:
247:
225:
219:, including
206:
193:
170:
140:
127:
95:
42:
25:
23:
979:Train wheel
959:Radial axle
939:Journal box
859:Mason Bogie
795:Walschaerts
633:Cab forward
555:Jacobs 1987
511:17 November
399:28 November
388:universelle
336:Abandonment
209:Saint-Mandé
144:broad gauge
55:broad gauge
1073:Categories
899:Adams axle
864:Pony truck
834:Blomberg B
790:Stephenson
775:Kuhn slide
711:Valve gear
643:Steeplecab
621:Short hood
607:Locomotive
480:21 October
460:References
185:flangeless
1048:Blastpipe
765:Hackworth
658:Cowl unit
653:Hood unit
638:Sharknose
625:Long hood
372:Anjubault
326:Actiwheel
136:yaw angle
1053:Smokebox
1041:elements
1018:Lemaître
984:Wheelset
892:elements
785:Southern
745:Caprotti
648:Cab unit
356:See also
166: in
98:railways
77: in
1058:Chimney
1037:Common
1028:Lemprex
1008:Kylchap
904:Axlebox
760:Gresley
740:Bulleid
735:Baguley
378:Sources
285:, then
283:Arcueil
161:⁄
112:to the
92:Problem
72:⁄
1023:Lempor
1013:Kylpor
888:Other
663:Boxcab
609:design
445:
422:
307:bogies
291:Sceaux
187:. The
87:System
1003:Giesl
996:types
807:types
805:Bogie
780:Lentz
755:Gooch
725:Baker
720:Allan
713:types
503:[
414:[
391:[
317:Talgo
258:Paris
256:from
183:were
177:2-4-2
114:track
96:When
81:bogie
513:2006
482:2013
443:ISBN
420:ISBN
401:2008
110:wear
24:The
770:Joy
750:Gab
616:Cab
260:to
146:of
57:of
1075::
623:/
490:^
441:.
332:.
120:.
40:.
599:e
592:t
585:v
519:.
484:.
451:.
428:.
403:.
163:8
159:7
156:+
154:8
150:(
74:8
70:7
67:+
65:8
61:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
