334:. "I assume it as the foundation of all my view of the case, that boys at a public school never will learn to speak or pronounce French well, under any circumstances," and so it would be enough if they could "learn it grammatically as a dead language." Physical science was not taught because, in Arnold's view, "it must either take the chief place in the school curriculum, or it must be left out altogether." Arnold was also opposed to the materialistic tendency of physical science, a view deriving from his Christian idealism. He wrote that "rather than have
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W. E. Forster and Jane both enjoyed mountaineering; they climbed Mont Blanc in 1859 and in 1860 Jane was one of the first women to stand on the summit of Monte Rosa, which had not been climbed by a woman until 1857. When
William Delafield Arnold died in 1859 leaving four orphans, the Forsters adopted
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in 1828, after some years as a private tutor, turned the school's fortunes around. His force of character and religious zeal enabled him to make it a model for other public schools and exercise a strong influence on the education system of
England. Though he introduced history, mathematics and modern
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from considering him the father of the organized sport he admired when he visited
English public schools, including Rugby in 1886. When looking at Arnold's tomb in the school chapel he recalled that he felt suddenly as if he were looking on "the very cornerstone of the British empire". Coubertin is
338:
the principal thing in my son's mind, I would gladly have him think that the sun went round the earth, and that the stars were so many spangles set in the bright blue firmament. Surely the one thing needful for a
Christian and an Englishman to study is Christian and moral and political philosophy."
366:, portrays a generation of boys "who feared the Doctor with all our hearts, and very little besides in heaven or earth; who thought more of our sets in the School than of the Church of Christ, and put the traditions of Rugby and the public opinion of boys in our daily life above the laws of God."
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Arnold was no great enthusiast for sport, which was permitted only as an alternative to poaching or fighting with local boys and did not become part of Rugby's curriculum until 1850. He described his educational aims as being the cure of souls first, moral development second, and intellectual
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than exclusively in the ideas of Arnold himself. "Thomas Arnold, the leader and classic model of
English educators," wrote Coubertin, "gave the precise formula for the role of athletics in education. The cause was quickly won. Playing fields sprang up all over England."
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thought to have exaggerated the importance of sport to Thomas Arnold, whom he viewed as "one of the founders of athletic chivalry". The character-forming influence of sport, with which
Coubertin was so impressed, is more likely to have originated in the novel
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and Vice-Chancellor), wrote a biography and reappraisal of Arnold in 1991. He had briefly been a master at Rugby and was married to the daughter of another former headmaster. More recently, a biography entitled
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asserted, "As much as any who could be named, Arnold helped to form the standard of manly worth by which
Englishmen judge and submit to be judged." However, his reputation suffered as one of the
1935:
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1606:
Fabrice Neddam, "Constructing masculinities under Thomas Arnold of Rugby (1828–1842): Gender, educational policy and school life in an early‐Victorian public school",
1997:
Fabrice Neddam, "Constructing
Masculinities under Thomas Arnold of Rugby (1828–1842): Gender, Educational Policy and School Life in an Early-Victorian Public School"
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The life and correspondence of Thomas Arnold, D. D., late head-master of Rugby school and regius professor of modern history in the
University of Oxford
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1434:. Both McCrum and Copley seek to restore some lustre to the Arnold legacy, which had been under attack since Strachey's sardonic appraisal.
1858:
A. J. H. Reeve, ‘Arnold, Thomas (1795–1842)’, Oxford
Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2014
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students were given powers over every part of the school (managed by himself) and kept order in the establishment. The 1857 novel by
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to the detriment of the latter, and beg that the subject might never be mentioned again in his presence, could never have been an
536:"at the height of his powers", a day before his 47th birthday. He is buried in Rugby School chapel. Thomas the Younger's daughter
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once observed of Arnold, "A man who could burst into tears at his own dinner-table on hearing a comparison made between
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424:. Far more often read were his five books of sermons, which were admired by a wide circle of pious readers, including
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Suffolk Manorial Families, being the County Visitations and other Pedigrees from The Manorial Families of Suffolk
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540:, became a well-known novelist under her married name, Mrs. Humphry Ward. His other daughter, Julia, married
521:. Frances Bunsen Trevenen Whateley Arnold, the youngest daughter, never married and died at Fox How in 1923.
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Arnold was involved in not a few controversies, educational and religious. As a churchman he was a decided
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Mary Arnold (1825–1888), married (1) Alfred Twining, (2) Rev. John Simeon Hiley, (3) Rev. Robert Hayes
249:(13 June 1795 – 12 June 1842) was an English educator and historian. He was an early supporter of the
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in 1832, and spent many holidays there. On Sunday, 12 June 1842, he died there suddenly of a
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Coubertin would be better known for promoting the first International Olympic Games of 1896.
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officer, and his wife Martha Delafield. William Arnold was related to the Arnold family of
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William E. Winn, "Tom Brown's Schooldays and the Development of 'Muscular Christianity'"
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from 1828 to 1841, he introduced several reforms that were widely copied by other noted
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This article is about the 19th century educator. For other people of the same name, see
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Born out of Wenlock, William Penny Brookes and the British origins of the Olympics
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them as their own, adding their name to the children's surname. One of them was
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Heather Ellis, "Thomas Arnold, Christian Manliness and the Problem of Boyhood'
17:
1966:
Giorgia Grilli, "English public schools and the moulding of the'Englishman'."
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Muddied Oafs, The Soul of Rugby, Richard Beard, Yellow Jersey Press, 2004,
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Susanna Elizabeth Lydia Arnold (1830–1911), married John Wakefield Cropper
2067:(Alondra Books, Isle of Man, 2022), 216 pp., ISBN No. 978-0-9567540-9-7.
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in the 1960s to 1980s, also a churchman and Oxbridge academic (Master of
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The Ascent of Women: How Female Mountaineers Explored the Alps 1850-1900
1374:, published two years after his death by one of Arnold's former pupils,
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2017:
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Rev. Edward Penrose Arnold (1826–1878), clergyman and schools inspector
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Thomas Hughes, Thomas Arnold, Tom Brown and the English Public Schools
1924: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Thomas and Matthew Arnold and their influence on English education
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by Margaret Elliott, published by Prior's Field School Trust Ltd,
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Sermons: Christian Life, its Course, its Hindrances, and its Helps
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Arnold married Mary Penrose, daughter of the Rev. John Penrose of
264:. His reforms redefined standards of masculinity and achievement.
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The Christian Duty of Granting the Claims of the Roman Catholics
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Arnold of Rugby: His school life and contributions to education
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Arnold of Rugby: His School Life and Contributions to Education
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1975:
High minds: the Victorians and the birth of modern Britain
1791:. Birkbeck, university of London: Phd Thesis. p. 186.
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High minds: the Victorians and the birth of modern Britain
517:, a diarist, philanthropist and craftswoman who lived in
1656:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1897), p. xvii.
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Arnold has been played several times in adaptations of
1936:
A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature
1828:
Prior's Field School – A Century Remembered 1902–2002
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J. J. Muskett, "The Arnold Family of Lowestoft". In:
2036:(2 vol. 1877) famous biography by a former student.
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Regius Professors of History (University of Oxford)
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Sermons: Christian Life, its Hopes, Fears and Close
524:Arnold had bought the small estate of Fox How near
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Frances Bunsen Trevenen Whateley Arnold (1833–1923)
304:. He excelled in Classics and was made a fellow of
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1774:Edward Penrose Arnold, A Victorian Family Portrait
1555:The History of the Peloponnesian War by Thucydides
472:(1823–1900), literary scholar and Catholic convert
2182:People educated at Lord Weymouth's Grammar School
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416:Arnold's chief literary works are his unfinished
370:development third. However, this did not prevent
1968:History of Education & Children's Literature
1951:Black Tom: Arnold of Rugby: The Myth and the Man
1382:also appeared. In 1896 his bust was unveiled in
1746:. Lecture given at the Sorbonne, November 1892.
490:Frances Trevenen Arnold (1832), died in infancy
1501:Sermons Preached in the Chapel of Rugby School
484:(1828–1859), author and colonial administrator
2115:"Archival material relating to Thomas Arnold"
588:
308:in 1815. He became headmaster of a school in
8:
1939:. London: J. M. Dent & Sons – via
1505:London: Fellowes, 1850 (first edition, 1832)
406:Regius Professor of Modern History at Oxford
2008:: Thomas Arnold and Christian Friendship",
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27:English educator and historian (1795–1842)
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1406:'s book of that title published in 1918.
444:. They had five daughters and five sons:
177:Reforms to Rugby School (immortalised in
2152:Alumni of Corpus Christi College, Oxford
1982:The Art and Science of Victorian History
1534:, London: Longmans, Green & Co, 1842
1409:A more recent public-school headmaster,
448:Jane Martha Arnold (1821–1899), married
330:languages, he based his teaching on the
325:Arnold's appointment to the headship of
1994:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989
1586:
1531:Introductory Lectures on Modern History
466:(1822–1888), poet and schools inspector
1744:Physical exercises in the modern world
509:MP, who eventually became a member of
2177:People educated at Winchester College
2162:19th-century English Anglican priests
1669:(London: Penguin Books, 1948), p.169.
1665:Alternative source: Strachey Lytton,
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400:is linked with the beginnings of the
7:
1759:London: Macmillan Press, 1989, p. 3.
1557:, (3 vols.) London: Fellowes, 1845.
1478:in the 1971 television version, and
404:movement. In 1841, he was appointed
1890:, London, Heinemann, pp. 1, 56
1706:. DB Publishing. pp. 118–119.
420:(three volumes, 1838–1842) and his
1900:J. A. Gere and John Sparrow, eds,
1757:Thomas Hardy: Distracted Preacher?
192:Regius Professor of Modern History
25:
2207:19th-century Anglican theologians
2202:18th-century Anglican theologians
2004:Paul M. Puccio, "At the Heart of
1423:Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
2157:Fellows of Oriel College, Oxford
1919:
1904:, Oxford University Press, 1981.
1482:in the 2005 television version.
496:Walter Thomas Arnold (1835–1893)
2105:Works by or about Thomas Arnold
2069:online on The Internet Archive.
1872:The Life of Thomas Arnold D. D.
1573:The Interpretation of Scripture
276:, the son of William Arnold, a
2001:, 2004, 16#3, pp. 303–326
302:Corpus Christi College, Oxford
290:Lord Weymouth's Grammar School
142:Lord Weymouth's Grammar School
32:Thomas Arnold (disambiguation)
1:
1804:The Alpine Register 1857-1863
2167:Head Masters of Rugby School
1958:Journal of Victorian Culture
1510:Principles of Church Reform'
603:Arnold family tree (partial)
392:and strongly opposed to the
2053:(1960) 29#1 pp. 64–73
1953:, New York: Continuum, 2002
1519:, London: Fellowes, 1838,
1386:alongside that of his son,
503:Hugh Oakeley Arnold-Forster
398:Principles of Church Reform
256:movement. As headmaster of
2223:
1960:, 2014, 19#3, pp. 425–441
1902:Geoffrey Madan's Notebooks
1474:in the 1951 film version,
1470:in the 1940 film version,
422:Lectures on Modern History
29:
1992:Thomas Arnold, Headmaster
1884:Sir Joshua Fitch (1897),
1772:Hopkinson, David (1981).
1702:Beale, Catherine (2011).
1636:Strachey, Lytton (1918),
1610:16.3 (2004), pp. 303–326.
1372:The Life of Doctor Arnold
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288:. Thomas was educated at
48:
2132:Leeds University Library
2032:Arthur Penrhyn Stanley,
1576:, London: Fellowes, 1845
1550:, London: Fellowes, 1844
1542:, London: Fellowes, 1842
1512:', Oxford: Fellowes,1833
796:William Delafield Arnold
513:'s cabinet. Another was
482:William Delafield Arnold
312:before moving to Rugby.
268:Early life and education
239:William Delafield Arnold
2012:, 1995, pp. 57–74
2010:Modern Language Studies
1463:Tom Brown's School Days
377:Tom Brown's School Days
363:Tom Brown's School Days
272:Arnold was born on the
2096:Works by Thomas Arnold
2006:Tom Brown's Schooldays
1984:, 1985, pp. 1–32
1685:Tom Brown's Schooldays
1679:Thomas Hughes (1857),
1496:(pamphlet) Rugby, 1828
1376:Arthur Penrhyn Stanley
1135:William Arnold-Forster
816:William Edward Forster
450:William Edward Forster
180:Tom Brown's Schooldays
169:Educator and historian
156:Corpus Christi College
2130:Archival material at
1977:, 2013, pp. 1–30
1870:Emma Jane Worboise ,
1787:Roche, Clare (2015).
515:Florence Vere O'Brien
342:Arnold developed the
316:Career as an educator
2119:UK National Archives
2063:Derek Winterbottom,
1999:Gender and Education
1931:Cousin, John William
1652:J. J. Findlay, ed.,
1623:(Exeter, 1900–1914).
1608:Gender and Education
1468:Sir Cedric Hardwicke
1456:Depictions on screen
999:Lucy Story-Maskelyne
989:H. O. Arnold-Forster
562:Prior's Field School
2044:Dr. Arnold of Rugby
1860:accessed 6 Nov 2017
1272:Mark Arnold-Forster
1146:Katherine Laird Cox
538:Mary Augusta Arnold
352:) system, in which
332:classical languages
2026:, (London, 1918),
2024:Eminent Victorians
1667:Eminent Victorians
1639:Eminent Victorians
1399:Eminent Victorians
806:Jane Martha Arnold
548:. Their sons were
372:Baron de Coubertin
221:John Antony Cramer
146:Winchester College
2172:People from Cowes
2100:Project Gutenberg
2022:Lytton Strachey,
1949:Terrence Copley,
1836:978-0-9541195-0-8
1713:978-1-85983-967-6
1384:Westminster Abbey
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958:Mary Augusta Ward
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566:Godalming, Surrey
384:Oxford University
244:
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55:Thomas Arnold by
16:(Redirected from
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2109:Internet Archive
1990:Michael McCrum,
1944:
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1598:
1597:(2013) pp. 1–30.
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1476:Iain Cuthbertson
1415:Tonbridge School
1380:Emma Jane Guyton
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560:founded in 1902
507:Liberal Unionist
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396:party. His 1833
336:physical science
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2079:Thomas Arnold,
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2075:Primary sources
1980:Rosemary Jann,
1929:
1914:
1912:Further reading
1909:
1908:
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1874:, London, 1859.
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1755:Timothy Hands,
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1691:on 28 June 2001
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1553:As translator:
1517:History of Rome
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1466:, including by
1458:
1430:was written by
1404:Lytton Strachey
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152:Alma mater
121:Chapel, Rugby,
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57:Thomas Phillips
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2051:Church History
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1973:Simon Heffer,
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1802:Mumm, Arnold.
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1593:Simon Heffer,
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1432:Terence Copley
1411:Michael McCrum
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623:Thomas Arnold
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569:
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564:for girls in
563:
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555:
554:Aldous Huxley
551:
547:
546:Thomas Huxley
544:, the son of
543:
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531:
530:Lake District
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274:Isle of Wight
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247:Thomas Arnold
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166:Occupation(s)
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115:Resting place
113:
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104:
93:
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83:Isle of Wight
80:
67:
63:
58:
52:
47:
43:Thomas Arnold
40:
37:
33:
19:
2080:
2078:
2064:
2050:
2043:
2033:
2023:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1957:
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1934:
1901:
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1803:
1797:
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1697:
1689:the original
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1491:
1461:
1459:
1452:companion."
1449:
1438:A. C. Benson
1436:
1427:
1419:Eton College
1408:
1397:
1391:
1371:
1370:
1299:
968:Julia Arnold
947:Ethel Arnold
780:Julia Sorell
633:Mary Penrose
622:
570:
558:Julia Arnold
534:heart attack
523:
499:
435:
421:
417:
415:
402:Broad Church
397:
387:
376:
368:
361:
343:
341:
327:Rugby School
324:
321:Rugby School
271:
258:Rugby School
251:Broad Church
246:
245:
211:Edward Nares
178:
123:Warwickshire
119:Rugby School
96:(1842-06-12)
94:12 June 1842
75:13 June 1795
36:
2192:1842 deaths
2187:1795 births
1986:online free
1480:Stephen Fry
394:High Church
207:Predecessor
130:Nationality
107:Westmorland
2141:Categories
1970:2015, 10.1
1941:Wikisource
1733:0224063944
1566:Volume III
1563:Volume II.
1525:Volume II.
1367:Reputation
770:Tom Arnold
354:sixth-form
345:praepostor
298:Winchester
294:Warminster
235:Tom Arnold
79:West Cowes
71:1795-06-13
1806:. London.
1428:Black Tom
1393:The Times
1356:marriage
1337:adoption
1276:1920–1981
1257:1920-2005
1150:1887–1938
1139:1886–1951
1124:1894–1963
1113:1887–1975
1002:1861–1951
993:1855–1909
982:1860–1933
971:1862–1908
962:1851–1920
951:186?-1930
820:1818–1886
809:1821–1899
800:1828–1859
783:1826–1888
774:1823–1900
763:1822–1888
636:1791–1873
627:1795–1842
526:Ambleside
300:, and at
286:Lowestoft
217:Successor
202:1841–1842
138:Education
125:, England
109:, England
103:Ambleside
101:Fox How,
85:, England
1933:(1910).
1559:Volume I
1521:Volume I
1446:St. John
1442:St. Paul
1320:descent
442:Cornwall
390:Erastian
254:Anglican
227:Children
194:, Oxford
2107:at the
2083:(1897)
2059:3161617
2018:3195488
1928::
1388:Matthew
528:in the
519:Ireland
511:Balfour
350:prefect
310:Laleham
278:Customs
133:British
2085:online
2057:
2046:(1953)
2038:online
2028:online
2016:
1962:online
1834:
1731:
1710:
550:Julian
438:Penryn
432:Family
282:gentry
160:Oxford
59:, 1839
2055:JSTOR
2014:JSTOR
1581:Notes
1486:Works
456:
412:Works
306:Oriel
296:, at
284:from
188:Title
1832:ISBN
1729:ISBN
1708:ISBN
1450:easy
1444:and
1417:and
552:and
505:, a
199:Term
91:Died
65:Born
2098:at
1681:"7"
1561:.
1523:.
1413:of
1402:in
1300:Key
458:FRS
2143::
2117:.
1843:^
1764:^
1683:,
1628:^
1390:.
568:.
556:.
454:MP
440:,
428:.
408:.
360:,
292:,
237:,
233:,
158:,
144:;
105:,
81:,
2121:.
1943:.
1838:.
1776:.
1716:.
1568:.
1503:.
596:e
589:t
582:v
348:(
183:)
73:)
69:(
34:.
20:)
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