255:(PRD), a political institution he helped to found and finance in its early years. He was elected its emeritus advisor but his title was removed on 29 November 2009 on strategic grounds, as the result of political struggles inside the party. This maneuver was called "an act of moral amnesia, of disloyalty to its origins, of shabbiness" by Mexico's National Journalism Prize laureate
402:"En consecuencia, es un acto de amnesia moral, de deslealtad al origen, de mezquindad, el que las negociaciones coyunturales hayan dejado fuera de la lista de consejeros eméritos del PRD a Arnoldo Martínez Verdugo y a Gerardo Unzueta, miembros de aquel partido comunista."
630:
213:
He was one of the protagonists of the political negotiations that in 1978 resulted in the first electoral reform that permitted the PCM to obtain conditional registration, allowing the party to participate in the
191:
In 1946 he joined
Mexican Communist Party and soon started directing its Communist Youth's organizing committee (1948–50). After some years rising through its hierarchy, including spending some time in the
680:
240:
legislator; first representing the
Communist Party of Mexico (1979–82) and later representing the Unified Socialist Party of Mexico (1985–88). Subsequently, he joined with the forces of
670:
695:
725:
210:, who had led the party from 1940 to 1960. He was chosen as General Secretary of the Mexican Communist Party's Central Committee in 1963 and remained in the post until 1981.
730:
638:
720:
178:, into a family of farmers. His parents were Yssac Martínez Ortega and Silvina Verdugo Verdugo. He started working in his teens and in 1943 he decided to move to
690:
715:
241:
710:
580:
470:
685:
252:
101:
675:
222:
215:
151:
118:
221:
In 1981, he directed the dissolution of the
Mexican Communist Party and its fusion with other leftist forces, resulting in the
570:
460:
541:
405:
256:
245:
226:
233:
700:
277:
237:
603:
147:
114:
34:
607:
542:"Muere Arnoldo Martínez Verdugo, el último líder comunista de México | Internacional | EL PAÍS"
705:
665:
200:
196:
studying
Communism, he joined a faction that succeeded in overthrowing the long-time leadership of
576:
476:
466:
268:
175:
73:
572:
Taking on
Goliath: The Emergence of a New Left Party and the Struggle for Democracy in Mexico
456:
505:
205:
163:
659:
634:
218:, when it won 18 seats and one of its deputies served as Parliamentary Coordinator.
229:. Before this, Martínez had been abducted and freed after the payment of a ransom.
193:
159:
179:
154:(PSUM), Martínez promoted political self-criticism, refused to support regional
90:
182:
to take a job at the San Rafael Paper Co. and undertake studies in painting at
272:
480:
197:
155:
143:
416:
341:(The Creation of the Unified Socialist Party of Mexico) Mexico City:
313:(The Mexican Communist Party and the Political Reform) Mexico City:
146:
politician and democracy activist. A long-standing leader of the
383:(History of Communism in Mexico), Mexico City: Grijalbo, 1985.
281:, Martínez was elected President of Mexico on 17 April 1986.
327:(Political crisis and Communist alternative) Mexico City:
292:
El
Partido Comunista Mexicano, trayectoria y perspectivas
465:(3rd ed.). University of Texas Press. p. 450.
188:
National School of
Painting and Sculpture (1944–46).
681:
Candidates in the 1982 Mexican presidential election
530:
RECASÉNS SICHES, Luis (1903-1977); UC3M; 11/09/2014;
166:
and promoted the unification of the political left.
142:(12 January 1925 – 24 May 2013) was a Mexican
310:
El
Partido Comunista Mexicano y la reforma política
125:
108:
97:
80:
60:
55:
32:
21:
297:The Mexican Communist Party, Path and Perspectives
225:, which nominated him for the presidency in the
671:Party of the Democratic Revolution politicians
499:
497:
174:Martínez was born in Pericos, a small town in
696:Unified Socialist Party of Mexico politicians
409:
400:
378:
370:
364:
356:
350:
342:
336:
328:
322:
314:
308:
300:
290:
183:
8:
564:
562:
451:
449:
447:
445:
443:
441:
439:
726:Deputies of the LIII Legislature of Mexico
244:in his campaign for the presidency in the
18:
731:Deputies of the LVI Legislature of Mexico
721:Deputies of the LI Legislature of Mexico
462:Mexican Political Biographies, 1935-1993
435:
392:
324:Crisis política y alternativa comunista
575:. Penn State Press. pp. 104–106.
608:"Homenaje a Arnoldo Martínez Verdugo"
420:, p. 19 (1 December 2008). Quoted in
369:(The Socialist Project) Mexico City:
7:
504:Unzueta, Gerardo (6 December 2008).
691:Mexican Communist Party politicians
355:(March for Democracy) Mexico City:
631:"Izquierda y democracia en México"
629:Bartra, Roger (19 November 2009).
540:Calderón, Verónica (25 May 2013).
253:Party of the Democratic Revolution
102:Party of the Democratic Revolution
14:
421:
223:Unified Socialist Party of Mexico
152:Unified Socialist Party of Mexico
119:Unified Socialist Party of Mexico
716:20th-century Mexican politicians
380:Historia del comunismo en México
16:Mexican politician (1925–2013)
1:
251:Martínez was a member of the
242:Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas Solórzano
129:Martha Recaséns Díaz de León
711:Politicians from Mexico City
372:Ediciones del Comité Central
358:Ediciones del Comité Central
344:Ediciones del Comité Central
330:Ediciones de Cultura Popular
316:Ediciones de Cultura Popular
302:Ediciones de Cultura Popular
686:Mexican democracy activists
633:(in Spanish). Mexico City:
406:Miguel Ángel Granados Chapa
257:Miguel Ángel Granados Chapa
747:
548:. Internacional.elpais.com
512:(in Spanish). Mexico City
296:
158:movements, condemned the
133:
51:
40:
33:General Secretary of the
28:
676:Politicians from Sinaloa
569:Bruhn, Kathleen (2004).
352:Marcha por la democracia
140:Arnoldo Martínez Verdugo
23:Arnoldo Martínez Verdugo
232:He served twice in the
148:Mexican Communist Party
115:Mexican Communist Party
35:Mexican Communist Party
410:
401:
379:
371:
366:El proyecto socialista
365:
357:
351:
343:
337:
329:
323:
315:
309:
301:
291:
184:
338:La creación del PSUM
234:Chamber of Deputies
701:Mexican communists
641:on 25 January 2010
582:978-0-271-02511-7
506:"Origen y futuro"
472:978-0-292-71181-5
269:alternate history
176:Mocorito, Sinaloa
137:
136:
74:Mocorito, Sinaloa
738:
651:
650:
648:
646:
637:. Archived from
626:
620:
619:
617:
615:
606:(7 April 2006).
600:
594:
593:
591:
589:
566:
557:
556:
554:
553:
537:
531:
528:
522:
521:
519:
517:
501:
492:
491:
489:
487:
457:Camp, Roderic Ai
453:
425:
413:
404:
397:
382:
374:
368:
360:
354:
346:
340:
332:
326:
318:
312:
304:
298:
294:
263:In Popular Media
209:
187:
87:
71:January 12, 1925
70:
68:
56:Personal details
45:
19:
746:
745:
741:
740:
739:
737:
736:
735:
656:
655:
654:
644:
642:
628:
627:
623:
613:
611:
602:
601:
597:
587:
585:
583:
568:
567:
560:
551:
549:
539:
538:
534:
529:
525:
515:
513:
503:
502:
495:
485:
483:
473:
455:
454:
437:
433:
428:
398:
394:
390:
299:) Mexico City:
287:
278:For All Mankind
265:
203:
201:Dionisio Encina
172:
110:
109:Other political
98:Political party
89:
85:
72:
66:
64:
46:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
744:
742:
734:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
658:
657:
653:
652:
621:
595:
581:
558:
532:
523:
493:
471:
434:
432:
429:
427:
426:
391:
389:
386:
385:
384:
376:
362:
348:
334:
320:
306:
286:
283:
264:
261:
246:1988 elections
227:1982 elections
171:
168:
164:Czechoslovakia
135:
134:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
117:(1946–81) and
112:
106:
105:
99:
95:
94:
88:(aged 88)
82:
78:
77:
62:
58:
57:
53:
52:
49:
48:
38:
37:
30:
29:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
743:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
663:
661:
640:
636:
635:Letras Libres
632:
625:
622:
609:
605:
599:
596:
584:
578:
574:
573:
565:
563:
559:
547:
543:
536:
533:
527:
524:
511:
507:
500:
498:
494:
482:
478:
474:
468:
464:
463:
458:
452:
450:
448:
446:
444:
442:
440:
436:
430:
423:
422:Unzueta, 2008
419:
418:
412:
411:Plaza Pública
407:
403:
396:
393:
387:
381:
377:
373:
367:
363:
359:
353:
349:
345:
339:
335:
331:
325:
321:
317:
311:
307:
303:
295:(in English:
293:
289:
288:
284:
282:
280:
279:
274:
270:
262:
260:
258:
254:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
230:
228:
224:
219:
217:
216:1979 election
211:
207:
202:
199:
195:
189:
186:
181:
177:
169:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
113:
107:
103:
100:
96:
92:
83:
79:
75:
63:
59:
54:
50:
44:
39:
36:
31:
27:
20:
643:. Retrieved
639:the original
624:
612:. Retrieved
610:(in Spanish)
604:Gómez, Pablo
598:
586:. Retrieved
571:
550:. Retrieved
545:
535:
526:
514:. Retrieved
510:El Universal
509:
484:. Retrieved
461:
415:
395:
285:Publications
276:
266:
250:
238:plurinominal
231:
220:
212:
194:Soviet Union
190:
185:La Esmeralda
173:
162:invasion of
139:
138:
111:affiliations
86:(2013-05-24)
84:May 24, 2013
42:
706:2013 deaths
666:1925 births
645:13 December
614:13 December
588:13 December
516:13 December
486:13 December
204: [
180:Mexico City
91:Mexico City
660:Categories
552:2013-05-28
431:References
67:1925-01-12
481:253681100
273:Apple TV+
198:Stalinist
170:Biography
156:guerrilla
144:socialist
121:(1981–88)
47:1963–1981
43:In office
459:(1995).
150:and the
93:, Mexico
76:, Mexico
546:El País
417:Reforma
375:, 1982.
361:, 1982.
347:, 1982.
333:, 1979.
319:, 1977.
305:, 1971.
271:of the
267:In the
579:
479:
469:
160:Soviet
126:Spouse
399:cfr.
388:Notes
275:show
236:as a
208:]
104:(PRD)
647:2009
616:2009
590:2009
577:ISBN
518:2009
488:2009
477:OCLC
467:ISBN
81:Died
61:Born
408:in
662::
561:^
544:.
508:.
496:^
475:.
438:^
414:,
259:.
248:.
206:es
649:.
618:.
592:.
555:.
520:.
490:.
424:.
69:)
65:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.