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businesses in Hong Kong sent a letter dated 30 October to the
American Consul General there asking him to submit it to the British authorities. The merchants appealed for a reversal of the orders on the grounds that they had contributed through the years to the economic growth of the colony "While naturally trading for their own benefit, they think that they may justly claim to have contributed in no small way to the development, growth of prosperity of the Colony, and in their capacity as peaceful traders they consider themselves and their businesses a valuable asset to the community It has taken decades of hard work to create such an asset which they consider particularly valuable to the Colony since they have as impartial traders been instrumental to a great extent in attracting to this part business from all quarters of the globe thereby promoting British trade more than that of another nation." As reasonable as this argument might seem to those who could differentiate between trade and politics, it found no sympathetic response among those who were responsible for the defence of the island and the patriotic call of God and King.
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31:. It is the corporate descendant of Arnhold, Karberg & Co., a company founded in 1857, and prominent "amongst the merchants who have contributed largely to the development of China's commerce" in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Employing more than 650 people, its headquarters has been in
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When war was declared between
Britain and Germany in August 1914 citizens of enemy countries were placed under parole but in October 1914 new laws were enacted enabling the Hong Kong Government to place German nationals who held reserve status in the military to be interned. Representatives of German
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Province, in southern China. Sales of the
Arnhold Group are derived from two main businesses areas β building materials and engineering equipment. The group services an extensive network of customers in Hong Kong, Macau and the Mainland including property developers, contractors, utility companies
276:. Arnhold & Co. flourished until 1949 when, with the change of Government in China, the headquarters relocated to Hong Kong. Mr. Maurice Green who had been associated with the company since the Sassoon takeover, acquired the controlling interest in Arnhold in 1957.
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in Asia, its merchants carried on an active trade there. Throughout the nineteenth century, German firms became increasingly competitive with those of other western countries. In the opening decades of the twentieth century Canton (modern day
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Due to hostility to German companies as a consequence of the war, and the seizure of German companies by the
British and their allies, Harry Arnhold and his brother, Charles Herbert Arnhold, "advertised themselves out of the well-known
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Initially the firm operated on a "small scale", but "by perseverance, acumen, and integrity it rapidly increased its business and expanded its sphere." The firm opened its first branch in Hong Kong in 1867, and its next in
Shanghai on
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became the majority shareholder in 1923 after a merger
According to Stella Dong, its "most attractive asset was the Cathay Land Company, ownership of which gave Sir Victor control of a number of apartment buildings and a hotel in the
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concern, Arnhold, Karberg & Co.". Arnhold, Karberg had four partners: the two
Arnhold brothers, who held 43% of the shares; Ernest Goetz, a Swiss born German subject; and Max Niclassen, of Berlin, Germany.
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Woo was also a director of the Soy Chee Cotton Mill, the Say Lung Silk
Filature, and the Sun Life Insurance Company. He was on the committee of the Chinese Chamber of Commerce, and the Silk Guild. The
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October 1917, they incorporated
Arnhold Brothers Limited (China), in Hong Kong, under British law, but with headquarters in Shanghai, (which was reconstituted as a British company after 1919.
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125:) was founded by Jacob Arnhold, a German Jewish businessman, and Peter Karberg, a Danish merchant, as a German-registered trading company in September 1866 on Honam island (the modern day
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From 1897β1910, at least one of the
Arnhold family was chairman of the company's board of directors: Jacob Arnhold (1897β1900), Philipp Arnhold (1900β1905; and 1906β1910); and
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December last in L.E. Lebert and Oxford of Canton, from this date business will be carried on as Oxford and Co. A. Bourjau and C.A. Hubener are authorized to sign. Macao, 12
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Prize Cases Heard and Decided in the Prize Court During the Great War, Great Britain High Court of Justice, Probate, Divorce, and Admiralty Division, High Court of Justice
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as well as choice housing estates in the French Concession." Arnhold's served as a front for Sassoon's political interests in the International Settlement.
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was the initial chairman of Arnhold & Company, a trading company that became a leading distributor of building materials and engineering equipment.
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of Arnold, Karberg was the 58-year-old Woo Chau Chin, who was appointed to that position in 1896, and was assisted by his son, Woo Ton Yin.
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In February 1858, the following notice was published in a Hong Kong newspaper: "Interest of L.E. Lebert of Hamburg ceased 4
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Arnhold employs over 650 people in Hong Kong and the Mainland. The group owns and operates a stone processing factory in
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Headquartered in the Arnhold Building at 6 Kiukiang Road, Shanghai until its relocation in 1930 to the third floor of
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December 1857. Lebert subsequently terminated his involvement in the firm, leading to the creation of Oxford and Co.
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Seaports of the Far East: Historical and Descriptive, Commercial and Industrial, Facts, Figures, & Resources
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February 1858." (FC 18 Mar. 1858). Bourjau and Hubener later opened a business under their own names.(Smith, 26)
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January 1881. By 1901 the firm had 37 branches throughout China, including branches with European staff in
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591:
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Arnhold, H.E., "Shanghai 1941β45", manuscript, Hoover Institution, Sanford. Imperial War Museum, London.
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387:(Book Tree, 2006):72; Carl T. Smith, "The German Speaking Community in Hong Kong 1846β1918", 26β30.;
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Twentieth Century Impressions of Hong Kong: History, People, Commerce, Industries and Resources
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and is a leading name in the distribution of building materials and engineering equipment in
606:. Lloyd's Greater Britain Publishing, 1908. See page 707 for photographs of the offices and
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government appointed him Long Chung, the Official at Beijing for Commerce. See Wright, 554.
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407:(Research School of Asian, African and Amerindian Studies, Leiden University, 2001):74.
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to Canton, where all the foreign offices were then located. The firm relocated to
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in August 1914 had a profound effect on Arnold, Karsberg. Carl Smith explains:
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Corporate Behaviour and Political Risk: Dutch companies in China, 1903β1941
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Carl T. Smith, "The German Speaking Community in Hong Kong 1846β1918", 21;
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451:(International Secretariat, Institute of Pacific Relations, 1943):119;
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The Empire of "The City": The Secret History of British Financial Power
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Initially they formed the firm of Messrs. H.E. Arnhold (China).
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Britain's Search for Chinese Cooperation in the First World War
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Britain in China: Community Culture and Colonialism, 1900β1949
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The firm of L.E. Lebert & Oxford was formed in Canton on 4
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http://www.arnhold.com.hk/en/about-arnhold/corporate-profile/
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when Britain and France located concessions there in 1859.
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Shanghai: The Rise and Fall of a Decadent City 1842β1949
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Ernest Charles Meldon Trehern and Albert Wallace Grant,
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List of companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange
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http://www.arnhold.com.hk/en/about-arnhold/history/
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http://www.arnhold.com.hk/en/about-arnhold/history/
478:Asia: Journal of the American Asiatic Association
389:http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/44/4402104.pdf
372:http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/44/4402104.pdf
650:Companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange
536:, 2nd ed. (W.H. & L. Collingridge, 1925):57
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523:(Manchester University Press ND, 1999):132).
438:Smith, 20β21;(CO 129/144, p. 573 No. 520005)
237:Arnhold Brothers Limited (China) (1917β1919)
449:British Economic Interests in the Far East
553:(Harcourt, Brace and company, 1940):284.
497:, ltd., 1925):100 for list of directors
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229:Messrs. H.E. Arnold (China) (1914β1917)
35:since 1949, with sales offices in both
635:Article on History of Arnhold, Karberg
549:(Dutton, 1968):217; Ernest O. Hauser,
115:Arnhold, Karberg & Co. (1866β1914)
655:Chinese companies established in 1866
630:Wuhan Chronicles re: Arnhold, Karberg
625:Arnold Holdings Ltd. official website
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602:Wright, Arnold and HA Cartwright,
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495:North-China Daily News and Herald
119:Arnhold & Karberg & Co. (
391:; and "About Arnhold: History';
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76:Oxford & Company (1857β1866)
64:L.E. Lebert & Oxford, Canton
574:"About Us: Corporate Profile";
129:), on the opposite bank of the
510:(HarperCollins, 2001):218β219.
491:China Stock and Share Handbook
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599:. Garland, 1986. Pages 33β34.
468:Vol. 1(Stevens, 1916):644β645
19:(Stock Code: SEHK 0102) is a
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610:of Arnold, Karberg, Co. in
403:Frans-Paul van der Putten,
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480:18:11 (November 1918):984.
383:Wright, 788; E. C. Knuth,
455:85 (E.B. Ince, 1916):133.
51:Though Germany was not a
258:Arnhold & Co. (1919)
252:International Settlement
25:Hong Kong Stock Exchange
551:Shanghai: City for Sale
453:The Law Journal Reports
595:Jones, Arthur Philip.
286:Xiegang Town, Dongguan
247:E.D. Sassoon & Co.
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562:"About Us: History";
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532:Allister Macmillan,
447:Edward Manico Gull,
303:Harry Edward Arnhold
263:Harry Edward Arnhold
194:Harry Edward Arnhold
17:Arnhold Holdings Ltd
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131:Pearl River
644:Categories
344:Smith, 20.
314:References
280:Activities
201:compradore
290:Guangdong
171:Chongqing
167:Niuzhuang
58:Guangzhou
33:Hong Kong
297:See also
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163:Jiujiang
37:Shanghai
608:godowns
179:Beijing
155:Qingdao
147:Tianjin
47:History
612:Hankow
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185:, and
151:Hankou
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122:εΎ·εηθ¨ζ΄θ‘
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272:at 1
187:Jilin
183:Jinan
41:Macau
29:China
418:Qing
241:On 1
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