Arroyo Seco, Querétaro - Knowledge (XXG)

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Querétaro have high rates of emigration. It is not known exactly how many have left or how many come back at the end of the year to visit family, but Arroyo Seco estimates that about forty percent of its population is living somewhere in the United States. The amount sent back in remittances is also not known, but it has been estimated at between 50,000 and US$ 100,000 per day or about US$ 18 million per year to the Sierra Gorda alone, based on money exchanges made in the main city of Jalpan de Serra. This amount supersedes the annual municipal budget of Arroyo Seco and other area municipalities and generally superseded money generated by municipal economies. In Arroyo Seco, one in four homes is supported by dollars sent home by family in the United States. These migrants not only provide remittances directly to their families, they have also formed clubs with the purpose of promoting infrastructure projects in their home communities. The Club de Migrantes de la Sierra Gorda is an association of twenty seven of these clubs from various municipalities, with three from Arroyo Seco. Most of the projects are related paving, water distribution and sewerage/drainage. These dollars are often matched through a program sponsored by the Mexican federal government. Many businesses in the municipality and the rest of the Sierra Gorda take the dollar as currency, especially at the end of the year when many come to the area to visit family. Arroyo Seco has one of the highest rates of emigration in Querétaro. Arroyo Seco is one of the sponsors of the Día del Paisano to honor returning migrant workers in Jalpan de Serra. This events includes parades and raffles.

887:(INAH). Since 2006, it has been known that the dump sits on the southern part of the site proper and that the digging of the dump site is estimated to have destroyed between eight and ten pyramids. More vestiges of the site lie 300 meters below the dump. The municipality promised for years to move the facility and from 2006, state and federal authorities have promised to replace it with a new one farther away. However, as of 2009, the dump is still operating taking on as much as forty tons of trash per week, as the new facility was not yet finished. In 2007, a smaller, above ground dump appeared in the same area, within sight of visible ruins. During this time, acids and other substances produced by the pit have probably caused damage to the limestone of the site, eating away at structures made of the substance. The site belongs to the Río Verde Culture and its estimated to extend over 10km2. Its importance has been compared to that of 1010:, requiring twenty two children linking hands to surround it. From its roots flows one of the fresh water springs of the community. During the colonial period, there were several haciendas in the municipality. One of these was San Nicolás de Concá, which still has abundant vegetation, a large fresh water spring and hiking trails. The main house has been converted into a hotel, conserving part of the original structure made of adobe, with rustic stairs, wooden roof beams and gardens. The San Nicolas Conca hotel has fifty rooms and is owned by an American by the name of Sharpton. The hacienda was originally dedicated to sugar cane and dates from the 18th century. 490:

water in the municipality with most located in the communities of Salitrillo, Concá and Ayutla. The municipality is home to the junction of two of the major rivers of the Sierra Gorda, the Santa María and the Ayutla River at a location called Las Adjuntas. The Santa María River here flows warm to hot in the summer and the Ayutla River remains cold. Although the two rivers have different water colors and temperatures, both are regulated by the surrounding environment. The Santa María River has a number of beaches which are open to camping. There is also sports fishing of native catfish. The northern border of the municipality is partially formed by the

428:, which present on the surface with medium or fine grain and sometimes as clay. It, like most of the Sierra Gorda, is on former sea bed from 150 million years ago. Recently, Arroyo Seco and other municipalities of the Sierra Gorda have reported numerous small earthquakes. According to seismologists, these are caused by the movement of water through sedimentary rock. Erosion causes gaps and then the gaps settle onto themselves, causing the small quakes. One thing scientists are checking for is to see if any areas stand over underground cavities which may give way. 57: 90: 40: 2070: 899:

sixteen out of forty six communities in the municipality have significant problems with water shortages. The government states that this is because a number of wells are drying up and there is insufficient distribution. In the second largest community of Purísima de Arista, about half of the residents experience water shortages. In 2009, the municipality had number of cases of cattle dying due to bites from “vampire” bats which were transmitting a type of paralytic

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shelters. Communities which are most vulnerable to severe cold include La Sanguijuela, La Escondida de Guadalupe, La Cantera, Río del Carrizal and El Durazno. The area has had problems with droughts over the past decade, especially in 2009, which have been draining reserves and aquifers. The lack of water has caused the deaths of livestock and forced more people to emigrate from the municipality. Many communities now must rely on water trucked in from outside.

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tropical hardwoods here and conservation efforts related to the Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve, but it still makes up over 15% of the state's total. About 19% of the forested lands are used for grazing. Fish farming is a growing segment of the economy, especially in communities near rivers such as Río del Carrizal, Concá, Vegas Cuatas and Ayutla. About 25% are working in mining, construction, utilities and manufacturing.

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municipality's communities engage in agriculture to some degree with most of the production for self consumption. The soil is fertile although it is sometimes hard with some drainage problems. These problems are greatest where the topsoil is less than ten centimeters. One problem with agriculture here is that the soil erodes easily. Fruit trees include

336:. The municipality is centered on the small town of Arroyo Seco, which was established as a military outpost then given town status in 1833 under the name of Villa de Guadalupe before changing to its current name. The town gained municipal status in 1931. The area is very rural with most people living in communities of under 100 people, with significant 461:

for the growth of trees and other vegetation, making it an isolated mini forest. The bottom also has a number of small caves, with the largest fifty meters long. This pit cave has been classified as the deepest in the world although this has recently been challenged by those who wish to include those pit caves which are not continuous such as the

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wide. This area has some very low valleys of only 700 masl. The second area is more rugged with canyons of up to 600 meters deep and peaks which reach over 2000 masl. There are a number of flat areas and valleys which are mostly along the Ayutla and Concá rivers. The principal elevations are Santo Domingo, Cantera, Cofradía, Soledad and Pitorreal.

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The first represents the Cross of the Holy Trinity with hands representing the indigenous peoples and the evangelizers. The second is the rabbit which appears on the facade of the mission church of Concá. This rabbit is the only one to appear on the five mission churches. The third is an arroyo from which the name comes.

910:, generally imperceptible to humans. Seismologists say that while the number has been unusual, such activity is not and is due to the settling of the sedimentary rock which is below most of the Sierra Gorda region. However, Arroyo Seco and other municipalities have seismographs installed to monitor the situation. 765:, the Sierra Gorda had a number of small cities as the climate at that time was wetter than it is now. Most of the larger cities were south of the current municipalities due to mining activities and major trade routes, but there were cities and trade routes through here as well, connecting the area mostly with 749:

The town was originally known as the Presidio de Arroyo Seco, a military outpost. In 1833, missionary Francisco Cano Santander gave it the ecclesiastical name of Villa de Guadalupe which was the town's formal name until 1840, which it was changed to the current one. Its coat of arms has three parts.

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in the south of the municipality. The Santa María enters the municipality from San Luis Potosí and flows along a 400 meter deep canyon until it merges with the Ayutla River. This river flows northeast, forming another canyon then merges with the Jalpan River. There are about 100 accessible sources of

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send back home have significantly changed the local economy, as it is larger than the locally generated economy and larger than annual municipal budget. The migration has caused municipality schools, especially primary schools to lose students as they leave for the United States with their parents.

498:), most of the arroyos in the area have water in them most of the year. The municipality has ten easily accessible sources of surface water. However, the over extraction of water has led to dropping water tables and many of the area's fresh water springs are flowing at slower rates or have dried up. 364:

The houses are painted in various colors and its streets are quiet. The town is home to all municipal services and has the most developed infrastructure and social services in the area. This includes the Casa de Cultura cultural center, an auditorium and a library. The Mariano Escobedo plaza has an

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Because of this emigration, only 23.36% of the total population is economically active, mostly employed in traditional economic activities, such as agriculture, livestock, forestry and general commerce. About twenty percent of the total population works at home for no pay. Women make up only 22% of

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The municipality's recent history also includes the mass migration out by many of its working aged people due to lack of economic opportunity. Most have gone to the United States with as much as forty percent of the municipality's population living in the country alone. The money that these workers

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are mostly vertical and partially covered by vegetation. At the bottom of the cave there is a small forest on a floor which was sea bed 100 million years ago, which measures 220 meters long and 100 meters wide. Despite its depth, the bottom of the pit cave receives an abundance of sunlight allowing

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Eight to ten structures are considered destroyed and more may have suffered irreversible damage by acids eating way the limestone blocks. As of 2006, the limits of the sites have still not been defined. The vestiges of the site lie about three hundred meters below the dump. The site belongs to the

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The municipality is one of the most economically marginalized in the state, with the Secretaría de Desarrollo Social (SEDESOL) cataloging it as one of the 200 most socioeconomically marginalized in the country. This is the main reason why Arroyo Seco and other municipalities in the Sierra Gorda of

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communities. It has a traditional economy based on agriculture, livestock and forestry but it is also one of the poorest in Mexico, with high rates of emigration, especially sending migrant workers to the United States. It is estimated that one in four households in the municipality receives money

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does, but snow mixed with rain fell in 2006 and in 2010, freezing temperatures did reach communities such as La Florida and San Juan Buenaventura. Very cold temperatures can prompt emergency services such as the provision of blankets by the municipality's civil protection service or evacuation to

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The municipality divides into two climate regions. The north is semi arid with an average temperature of 22C and an annual rainfall of between five and 10.5mm per falling mostly in the summer. The other is semi hot with average temperatures varying from 18 to 22C with rains in the summer. In the

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Most of the territory is mountainous, with gradients of over 25%. Altitudes in the territory range from 560 to 1340 masl with an average of 980masl. The mountain formations are subdivided into two parts. The first is a corridor along the border with Jalpan which is over forty km long and five km

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Construction of a military base was begun in early 2011 at a 3-hectare (7.4-acre) site. The base is one of three being built to work against drug trafficking and other crimes along the Querétaro/San Luis Potosí border. This base is part of the 17th Military Zone to patrol the Querétaro-San Luis

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The forests of the municipality make up about sixteen percent of the state's forest resources and cover 54% of the municipality. Over eighty percent of the forest is made up solely of broad-leafed trees with most of the rest a mix of broad-leafed and conifers. Logging is limited because of the

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In the latter 2000s, the municipality has been struggling with water shortages due to drought conditions. The lack of water has caused the deaths of livestock and forced more people to emigrate from the municipality. Many communities now must rely on water trucked in from outside. As of 2007,

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The San Rafael site was first documented in 1939 by the Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia. Some work was done on the site by archeologists such as Dominique Michelet for about a decade. This work determined that the site was occupied from 200 to 900 CE as a Mesoamerican city with

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Most of the territory is used for pasture and forestry, with total about ninety percent. The rest is used for agriculture, most of which is done only during the rainy season. Just over 43% of the economically active are working agriculture, livestock, forestry and fishing. Thirty of the

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under Pedro Guzmán between 1533 and 1538. This territory extended over much of the Sierra Gorda and into what is now San Luis Potosí. In 1587, Concá and Jalpan had missions established in them by the Augustinians from Xilitla. In 1601, friar Lucas de los Ángeles from the

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when forces under General Saturnino Cedillo and Coronel Marcial Cevallos took over the Concá Hacienda in 1918. The town of Arroyo Seco itself was also attacked by General Cedillo, who killed many non-combatants, sacked and burned the town. In retaliation, forces loyal to

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and their work mostly focuses on rural life in the Sierra Gorda. He was born 1931, but had to work at farming early, learning to read and write mostly on his own. He was taught guitar and found he had musical ability, becoming a cantor at the local church when he was 14.

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starting in 1750, who decided to have elaborate mission complexes built in five locations, one of which is in the municipality at Concá. In addition to evangelization, the missions worked to group the semi nomadic Pames into permanent communities centered on churches.

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has a volume of only five million meters cubed. Its widest diameter measures 420 meters and its average width is 200 meters. It has a total depth of 455 meters with a direct drop of 410 meters. Its perimeter is surrounded by dense vegetation, which is a sanctuary for

820:, but these missions were either destroyed by the Chichimecas or the population would flee from them and move into more inaccessible mountains and canyons. The first Spanish population in the Arroyo Seco area was in San Nicolás Concá, established as an 785:

and Aztecs from as early as 1400, attracted by the area's mineral deposits, but neither had true dominance as the Chichimecas fiercely opposed them. In the 15th century, the area was marginally dominated by the Oxitipa dominion, which was conquered by

714:, with the theme of the facade being “The Victory of the Faith.” It is considered to have the most indigenous elements, with many of its elements showing the more brusque work characteristic of indigenous decoration. More obvious is an image of the 1025:

temples, plazas, patios and residences located around four Mesoamerican ball courts. The city was a regional seat of government with strong Huasteca influence. It had a total of 250 buildings even larger than the better known sites of Las Ranas and

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Commerce, transportation and services employ about eighteen percent. There are about 140 people dedicated to commerce, most of which is small grocery stores. Supermarkets and other similar stores are located in neighboring San Luis Potosí in

612:, especially Huapango arribeño. It is most often played in “topadas” a type of musical duel between two musicians competing on improvisation of lyrics and melodies. Many of the songs are about history, arte and current events. In 2006, 894:

In 1998, forests in the municipality were among those in five states destroyed by wildfires. In total, 180 hectares (440 acres) were burned. The fires were due to freezing conditions in the prior winter which dried out grasslands.

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surrounded by large trees. On one side the main parish church called the Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe dominates. This church was begun in 1904 and was supposed to be much larger than it is, but construction was suspended due to the

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winter, the area is vulnerable to cold spells, brought in by cold fronts that arrive from the north and west. The cold spells do not usually reach freezing as the municipality does not have the high peaks that neighbors such as

986:. Most livestock is raised in the communities of El Refugio, San Juan Buenaventura, La Florida, San José de la Flores, Río de Carrizal, Ayutla, Salitrillo and Tepame. Most livestock is cattle with some sheep and goats. 879:

The town gained municipal status in 1933. At first the new municipality was governed by a committee headed by Antonio Rubio Chávez but the first municipal president, C. Angel Torres Montes, was elected in 1935.

494:. The Concá Waterfall is located just south of the town of the same name. This waterfall is fed by a fresh water spring and falls into the Santa María River. Despite the name (which means dry stream or dry 718:

at the crest, which is accompanied by a rabbit and a two-headed eagle, which are Pame symbols. Also prominent are the coat of arms of the Franciscan order, grapevines, two headed eagles, with the

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From the latter 2000s to the present, Arroyo Seco and the rest of the Sierra Gorda in Querétaro have been experiencing numerous small earthquakes, with most registering from 2.5 to 3.5 on the

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Juan José Areola (December 26, 2005). "Migrantes dolarizan la economia del estado mexicano de Queretaro; " [Migrantes "dollarize" the economy of the Mexican state of Querétaro].

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in the mid-to-late 18th century. The missions were the last in a long line of evangelization efforts in the Sierra Gorda, which were resisted by the indigenous peoples, especially the

439:, located in the Santa María de los Cocos community. The Sótano del Barro is one of the largest cavities of the world by volume, measuring 15 million cubic metres, surpassed only the 1002:. Tourism is a small percentage of the economy, mostly based on the mission church at Concá and some resort hotels opened in recent years. People also visit to see the 1000-year-old 1193:[Internet site dedicated to the Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve] (in Spanish). Mexico: Direccción de la Reserva de la Biósfera Sierra Gorda. February 2, 2010. Archived from 1744: 1472: 1402: 737:, when the churches all suffered deterioration and sacking. Restoration of the churches began starting in 1979 until the 2000s. The five where inscribed together as a 884: 2034: 1615:

Pablo Cesar Carrillo; Victor Martinez; Ivan Rendon; Clara Ramirez (February 18, 1998). "Sufren incendios en cinco Estados" [Five states suffer fires].

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entered the Sierra Gorda and conquered it but did not hold it. From that time until the 18th century, there had been a number of missions established by the

413:. This land was sea bed 100 million years ago, which formed ancient sedimentary rock, mostly limestone, which easily erodes. This makes the area part of the 1297: 1013:

The El Abanico water park has two swimming pools, a wading pool, restaurant and gardens and areas for camping. It is located next to the Concá Hacienda.

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The Concá mission is the smallest of the five, but between 1754 and 1758 by José Antonio de Murguía and Joaquin Fernández Osorio. It is dedicated to the

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Potosí border. The military is there to countering drug trafficking in the area as the region does not have the resources for local police forces.

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just to the south, put up fierce resistance to their intrusions. This would keep the Spanish from fully dominating the area for two hundred years.

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under Serra had these churches with elaborate Baroque facades built in the heart of the Sierra Gorda. In addition to Concá, churches were built in

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Norma Angelica Muggenburg Mora (November 8, 1998). "Sierra Gorda: Tierra salpicada de misiones" [Sierra Gorda:Land dotted with missions].

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and the erosion of limestone has given rise to numerous pit caves. The largest of these in the Sierra Gorda is located in Arroyo Seco, called the

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The various communities have festivals in honor of local patron saints, but the most important festival in the municipality is that honoring the

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and other sedimentary soils ranges from lowland rainforest to grasslands to scrub brush in more arid areas. In forested areas, the trees include

361:. The town originated as a military outpost called the Presido de Arroyo Seco. It became the seat of the municipality of the same name in 1931. 1837: 1815: 2054: 1016:

The Hotel Ayutla water park has two swimming pools, three wading pools, sports fields, picnic areas, restaurant, gardens and areas to camp.

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and Tilaco. The facades are notable not only for their profuse decoration, but also for the appearance of a number of indigenous elements.

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Juan José Arreola (December 29, 2005). "Celebran el Día del Paisano en Querétaro" [Celebrate Day of the Countryman in Querétaro].

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from the north. Arroyo Seco would become Pame territory. In the late pre Hispanic period, the Sierra Gorda had incursions from both the

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Fernando Paniagua Palacios (October 16, 2006). "Es Alcalde albañil hasta los huesos" [The mayor is a bricklayer to his bones].

926: 374:. It has an austere facade and the interior has black pews. The most important yearly event in the municipal seat is the feast of the 859:

founded new missions in this and other areas of northern Querétaro, the heart of the Sierra Gorda. These missions were taken over by

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ordered that the Franciscans leave missionary work to the Augustinians, including the Arroyo Seco area. However, Franciscans from

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Juan José Arreola (September 11, 2006). "Campesino gana premio nacional de artes" [Farmworker wins national arts prize].

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Río Verde Culture and its estimated to extend over 10km2. Its importance has been compared to that of Tamtoc in San Luis Potosí.

1216:"Sismos en Querétaro se deben a sedimentos marinos: geólogos" [Quakes in Querétaro due to marine sediments:geologists]. 1974: 1480: 1410: 548:

trees with some other desert plants including cactus. In the lowest elevations there are tropical hardwoods such as red cedar,

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After the missions were turned over to secular clergy, many indigenous abandoned them, a process that would continue with the

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Fernando Paniagua (October 28, 2006). "Desatiende el INAH sitio de San Rafael" [INAH ignores the San Rafael site].

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In 1994, the municipality decided to build a garbage dump near the archeological zone of San Rafael without informing the

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Fernando Paniagua (February 12, 2002). "Ofrecen dolares para obra publica" [Offering dollars for public works].

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Juan José Arreola (October 3, 2005). "Some schools close in Mexican Sierra Gorda region due to migration to the US; ".

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Fernando Paniagua (January 20, 2007). "Viven sin agua en Arroyo Seco" [Living without water in Arroyo Seco].

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Fernando Paniagua (October 31, 2006). "Deterioran sitio pese a informe" [Site deteriorates report regrets].

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Fernando Paniagua (March 23, 2009). "Sepulta basurero zona arqueológica" [Dump buries archeological zone].

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in the Popular Arts category. He won the award for his contributions to Huapango arribeño. Reyes formed the band,

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Arroyo Seco is part of the heart of the Sierra Gorda. This region has been occupied for about 6000 years. In the

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Arroyo Seco is completely within the Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve of Querétaro, which was established in 1997.

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Fernando Paniagua; Yanireth Israde (November 1, 2006). "Ordenan cerrar tiradero" [Dump ordered closed].

440: 1934: 1904: 1190: 1006:, called the Árbol Milenario or Millennium Tree. Its trunk has the second largest diameter in Mexico after the 321: 2058: 1863: 621: 802: 778: 770: 762: 688: 1301: 1132: 613: 1988: 1954: 1274:[Tourist Attractions] (in Spanish). Querétaro, Mexico: Municipality of Arroyo Seco. Archived from 1003: 852: 769:

areas to the east and other areas to the north. As the climate of the Sierra Gorda dried out in the early

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stayed and worked with the Augustinians. Those who lasted longest in the area were those who learned the

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Handcrafts such as saddles, leather goods and wooden barrels for water storage can be found in the town.

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The Spanish would break Chichimeca resistance in the Sierra Gorda in the 1740s, with the expeditions of

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and a tree called the “parota.” Wildlife mostly consists of birds and mammals such as doves, quails,

456:. It requires a walk or mule ride of about two hours through dense forest to reach. The walls of the 436: 270: 1435:"Sequía deja saldo negativo en Querétaro" [Drought leaves a negative balance in Querétaro]. 432: 414: 2038: 1918: 873: 782: 738: 719: 462: 375: 482: 478: 1978: 999: 922: 868: 734: 704: 537: 486: 371: 2069: 1657: 1026: 671: 389: 1774:"Querétaro construirá tres bases militares" [Querétaro building three military bases]. 1600:

Fernando Paniagua (March 22, 2007). "Invade basura vestigios" [Garbage invades ruins].

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the paid workforce. Most of those who are not economically active are students and housewives.

2018: 1888: 1100:(in Spanish). Mexico: Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal. 2005. 1007: 860: 753: 711: 684: 660: 565: 549: 346: 1164: 358: 173: 1968: 1898: 700: 508: 357:

Arroyo Seco is a small town of about three hundred homes centered on a plaza named after

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The Spanish made incursions into the Sierra Gorda early in the colonial period, but the

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recruited soldiers from Arroyo Seco and defeated Cedillo at the Laguna de Concá.

856: 813: 774: 766: 696: 597: 593: 533: 337: 1778:(in Spanish). Mexico City. Agencia el Universal. February 22, 2011. p. 1. 967: 821: 798: 641: 633: 557: 553: 1409:(in Spanish). Querétaro: State of Querétaro. February 5, 2011. Archived from 1376:(in Spanish). Mexico City. Agencia el Universal. January 10, 2010. p. 1. 1220:(in Spanish). Mexico City. Agencia el Universal. January 20, 2011. p. 1. 341:

from family members in this country. The municipality is also home to one of

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on 29 September. It is celebrated with street fairs and crafts exhibitions.

573: 561: 521: 444: 425: 248: 1329:(in Spanish). Querétaro: Secretaría de Turismo de Querétaro. Archived from 1300:(in Spanish). Querétaro: Secretaría de Turismo de Querétaro. Archived from 1237:(in Spanish). Querétaro: Secretaría de Turismo de Querétaro. Archived from 1131:(in Spanish). Querétaro: Secretaría de Turismo de Querétaro. Archived from 888: 925:, a former migrant worker by the name of Mariano Palacios Trejo, from the 983: 826: 645: 637: 609: 545: 457: 975: 959: 830: 589: 581: 466: 691:

for about two centuries. This resistance was militarily broken at the

1387:"Azota el frío zonas elevadas" [Cold lashes elevated zones]. 979: 963: 903:. The bats were coming from caves located in neighboring Guanajuato. 900: 649: 577: 569: 541: 325: 1747:[Will construct a military base in Arroyo Seco, Querétaro]. 1194: 974:, cascabel chili peppers, tomatoes, watermelon, squash, chickpeas, 955: 951: 791: 752: 670: 653: 585: 388: 366: 277: 253: 1191:"Sito Internet Dedicado a la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra Gorda" 529: 299: 30: 1819: 829:

monastery preached in the area with limited success. In 1609,

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The terrain is composed of sedimentary rock, mostly layers of

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Hiedy Wagner Laclette; Abel de la Garza (April 11, 2011).

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and the Pames. This officially converted the area into an

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tributary state, but the Aztecs never truly had control.

1633:[Vampires attack and kill cows in Guanajuato]. 1439:(in Spanish). Mexico City. August 20, 2009. p. 1. 1475:[Missions in the Sierra Gorda of Querétaro]. 477:

Principal river systems include the Santa María, the

1745:"Construirán base militar en Arroyo Seco, Querétaro" 726:, the patronesses of Mexico and Spain respectively. 640:. Sweets include “chancaquillas” which is made with 1871: 1405:[Actions against the cold in Arroyo Seco]. 294: 284: 267: 247: 239: 231: 226: 218: 210: 205: 200: 192: 184: 172: 156: 21: 1098:Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México Querétaro 409:, consisting of mountain chains that parallel the 917:In 2006, the municipality elected its first non- 1723: 1721: 1631:"Vampiros atacan y matan a vacas en Guanajuato" 695:in 1748. To consolidate Spanish dominance, the 96: 63: 1831: 885:Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia 8: 1714:(in Spanish). Monterrey, Mexico. p. 24. 1685: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1549:(in Spanish). Monterrey, Mexico. p. 16. 1502: 1500: 1498: 1266: 1264: 1262: 1260: 1258: 1256: 1123: 1121: 1119: 1004:Montezuma Bald Cypress (Taxodium mucronatum) 1793:(in Spanish). Saltillo, Mexico. p. 11. 1637:(in Spanish). Mexico City. February 6, 2009 1619:(in Spanish). Monterrey, Mexico. p. 6. 1580: 1578: 1576: 1372:"Querétaro-Frío" [Querétaro-Cold]. 1229: 1227: 334:Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve of Querétaro 214:731.1665 km (282.3050 sq mi) 1838: 1824: 1816: 1705: 1703: 1701: 1540: 1538: 1473:"Misiones en la Sierra Gorda de Querétaro" 1352: 1350: 1348: 18: 1430: 1428: 1321: 1319: 1088: 1086: 1084: 1082: 1080: 1078: 1076: 1074: 1072: 1070: 1068: 1066: 469:, which has a total depth of 480 meters. 393:Area between Concá and Arroyo Seco (town) 1522: 1520: 1518: 1467: 1465: 1463: 1461: 1403:"Acciones contra el frío en Arroyo Seco" 1158: 1156: 1154: 1152: 1150: 1064: 1062: 1060: 1058: 1056: 1054: 1052: 1050: 1048: 1046: 683:which were built under the direction of 1751:(in Spanish). Querétaro. Archived from 1042: 844:and learned to live with Pame customs. 757:Double headed eagle on the Concá church 679:The mission complex at Concá is one of 293: 283: 246: 225: 217: 204: 199: 183: 155: 120: 48: 44:Plaza and main church in municipal seat 36: 1660:[Tolimán: a month of quakes]. 1604:(in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 18. 1569:(in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 10. 1361:(in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 16. 608:The most popular traditional music is 405:state. This region is a branch of the 401:region, which is centered on northern 1808:(in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 1. 1589:(in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 6. 1531:(in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 8. 1511:(in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 4. 1454:(in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 1. 867:There was one battle here during the 675:Facade of the mission church at Concá 544:. In the drier areas, there are also 349:, located in the community of Concá. 266: 238: 230: 209: 191: 171: 7: 1171:(in Spanish). Querétaro, Mexico: OEM 855:. To solidify these military gains, 644:and squash seeds. Beverages include 618:Premio Nacional de Ciencias y Artes 485:with their tributaries such as the 1163:Heidy Wagner (February 10, 2008). 592:. There are some reptiles such as 14: 343:five Franciscan mission complexes 2068: 1847: 1743:Norma Ayala (January 28, 2011). 1104:from the original on 18 May 2011 397:The municipality is part of the 324:located in the far north of the 161: 95: 88: 62: 55: 38: 1694:(in Spanish). Miame. p. 1. 763:Pre Classic and Classic periods 332:. Its territory is part of the 109:Arroyo Seco, Querétaro (Mexico) 1658:"Tolimán: un mes de temblores" 921:municipal president since the 628:Typical dishes include jerky, 1: 2090:Populated places in Querétaro 431:The area's location over the 1664:(in Spanish). Querétaro: OEM 954:, oranges, limes, bananas, 731:Mexican War of Independence 667:The mission church of Concá 2106: 1662:El Sol de San Juan del Río 441:Sima Mayor de Sarisariñama 345:built under the tenure of 222:960 m (3,150 ft) 2066: 1861: 889:Tamtoc in San Luis Potosí 449:Sótano de Las Golondrinas 121: 49: 37: 28: 16:Town in Querétaro, Mexico 1167:[The Missions]. 681:five Franciscan missions 616:from El Refugio won the 322:Arroyo Seco Municipality 1272:"Atractivos Turísticos" 622:Los Reyes de El Refugio 966:. Other crops such as 810:Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán 758: 724:Our Lady of the Pillar 676: 656:with sunflower seeds. 394: 103:Arroyo Seco, Querétaro 70:Arroyo Seco, Querétaro 23:Arroyo Seco, Querétaro 2019:Santiago de Querétaro 1864:Santiago de Querétaro 1749:Rotativo de Querétaro 1235:"El Sótano del Barro" 970:, corn, beans, green 851:, culminating in the 756: 674: 614:Guadalupe Reyes Reyes 447:. In comparison, the 407:Sierra Madre Oriental 392: 285:Postal code (of seat) 269: • Summer ( 141:21.54722°N 99.68833°W 79:Show map of Querétaro 1692:Noticias Financieras 1304:on September 4, 2011 853:Battle of Media Luna 693:Battle of Media Luna 1915:Cadereyta de Montes 1732:. Miami. p. 1. 1730:NoticiasFinancieras 1241:on January 30, 2011 1169:Diario de Querétaro 1008:Tule tree in Oaxaca 937:Economy and tourism 874:Venustiano Carranza 788:Moctezuma Ilhuicama 771:Post Classic period 739:World Heritage Site 720:Virgin of Guadalupe 376:Virgin of Guadalupe 146:21.54722; -99.68833 137: / 1979:Landa de Matamoros 1975:Landa de Matamoros 1755:on August 26, 2011 1407:Magazine Querétaro 1333:on October 3, 2011 1135:on October 3, 2011 923:Mexican Revolution 869:Mexican Revolution 759: 735:Mexican Revolution 677: 632:, “Serrano” style 520:Vegetation on the 395: 372:Mexican Revolution 232: • Total 211: • Total 112:Show map of Mexico 76:Location in Mexico 2077: 2076: 1885:Amealco de Bonfil 1877:(municipal seats) 1197:on March 14, 2010 801:, especially the 712:Archangel Michael 661:Archangel Michael 566:white-tailed deer 550:Montezuma cypress 365:“oriental” style 315: 314: 240: • Seat 2097: 2072: 2039:San Juan del Río 2035:San Juan del Río 1852: 1851: 1840: 1833: 1826: 1817: 1810: 1809: 1801: 1795: 1794: 1786: 1780: 1779: 1771: 1765: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1740: 1734: 1733: 1725: 1716: 1715: 1707: 1696: 1695: 1687: 1674: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1653: 1647: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1627: 1621: 1620: 1612: 1606: 1605: 1597: 1591: 1590: 1582: 1571: 1570: 1562: 1551: 1550: 1542: 1533: 1532: 1524: 1513: 1512: 1504: 1493: 1492: 1490: 1488: 1483:on April 4, 2012 1469: 1456: 1455: 1447: 1441: 1440: 1432: 1423: 1422: 1420: 1418: 1413:on March 4, 2016 1399: 1393: 1392: 1384: 1378: 1377: 1369: 1363: 1362: 1354: 1343: 1342: 1340: 1338: 1323: 1314: 1313: 1311: 1309: 1294: 1288: 1287: 1285: 1283: 1278:on July 22, 2011 1268: 1251: 1250: 1248: 1246: 1231: 1222: 1221: 1213: 1207: 1206: 1204: 1202: 1187: 1181: 1180: 1178: 1176: 1160: 1145: 1144: 1142: 1140: 1125: 1114: 1113: 1111: 1109: 1090: 849:José de Escandón 779:Chichimeca Jonaz 689:Chichimeca Jonaz 538:strawberry trees 378:on 12 December. 359:Mariano Escobedo 311: 308: 305: 303: 301: 274: 193:Municipal Status 167: 165: 164: 152: 151: 149: 148: 147: 142: 138: 135: 134: 133: 130: 113: 99: 98: 92: 80: 66: 65: 59: 42: 19: 2105: 2104: 2100: 2099: 2098: 2096: 2095: 2094: 2080: 2079: 2078: 2073: 2064: 1969:Jalpan de Serra 1965:Jalpan de Serra 1949:Ezequiel Montes 1945:Ezequiel Montes 1899:Pinal de Amoles 1895:Pinal de Amoles 1876: 1874: 1867: 1857: 1846: 1844: 1814: 1813: 1803: 1802: 1798: 1788: 1787: 1783: 1773: 1772: 1768: 1758: 1756: 1742: 1741: 1737: 1727: 1726: 1719: 1709: 1708: 1699: 1689: 1688: 1677: 1667: 1665: 1655: 1654: 1650: 1640: 1638: 1629: 1628: 1624: 1614: 1613: 1609: 1599: 1598: 1594: 1584: 1583: 1574: 1564: 1563: 1554: 1544: 1543: 1536: 1526: 1525: 1516: 1506: 1505: 1496: 1486: 1484: 1471: 1470: 1459: 1449: 1448: 1444: 1434: 1433: 1426: 1416: 1414: 1401: 1400: 1396: 1386: 1385: 1381: 1371: 1370: 1366: 1356: 1355: 1346: 1336: 1334: 1325: 1324: 1317: 1307: 1305: 1296: 1295: 1291: 1281: 1279: 1270: 1269: 1254: 1244: 1242: 1233: 1232: 1225: 1215: 1214: 1210: 1200: 1198: 1189: 1188: 1184: 1174: 1172: 1162: 1161: 1148: 1138: 1136: 1127: 1126: 1117: 1107: 1105: 1092: 1091: 1044: 1039: 1022: 939: 834:Luis de Velasco 747: 669: 636:and pit cooked 606: 518: 516:Flora and fauna 509:Pinal de Amoles 504: 475: 437:Sótano de Barro 387: 355: 309: 298: 290: 268: 162: 160: 145: 143: 139: 136: 131: 128: 126: 124: 123: 117: 116: 115: 114: 111: 110: 107: 106: 105: 104: 100: 83: 82: 81: 78: 77: 74: 73: 72: 71: 67: 45: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2103: 2101: 2093: 2092: 2082: 2081: 2075: 2074: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2062: 2052: 2042: 2032: 2022: 2012: 2002: 1999:Pedro Escobedo 1995:Pedro Escobedo 1992: 1982: 1972: 1962: 1952: 1942: 1932: 1922: 1912: 1902: 1892: 1881: 1879: 1873:Municipalities 1869: 1868: 1862: 1859: 1858: 1845: 1843: 1842: 1835: 1828: 1820: 1812: 1811: 1796: 1781: 1766: 1735: 1717: 1697: 1675: 1648: 1622: 1607: 1592: 1572: 1552: 1534: 1514: 1494: 1457: 1442: 1424: 1394: 1379: 1364: 1344: 1315: 1298:"Las Adjuntas" 1289: 1252: 1223: 1208: 1182: 1165:"Las Misiones" 1146: 1115: 1041: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1021: 1018: 938: 935: 861:Junípero Serra 746: 743: 685:Junípero Serra 668: 665: 605: 602: 517: 514: 503: 500: 474: 471: 433:Huasteca Karst 415:Huasteca Karst 411:Gulf of Mexico 386: 383: 354: 351: 347:Junípero Serra 313: 312: 296: 292: 291: 288: 286: 282: 281: 275: 265: 264: 251: 245: 244: 241: 237: 236: 233: 229: 228: 224: 223: 220: 216: 215: 212: 208: 207: 203: 202: 198: 197: 194: 190: 189: 186: 182: 181: 176: 170: 169: 158: 154: 153: 119: 118: 108: 102: 101: 94: 93: 87: 86: 85: 84: 75: 69: 68: 61: 60: 54: 53: 52: 51: 50: 47: 46: 43: 35: 34: 29: 26: 25: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2102: 2091: 2088: 2087: 2085: 2071: 2060: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2049:Tequisquiapan 2046: 2045:Tequisquiapan 2043: 2040: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1956: 1953: 1950: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1886: 1883: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1856: 1850: 1841: 1836: 1834: 1829: 1827: 1822: 1821: 1818: 1807: 1800: 1797: 1792: 1785: 1782: 1777: 1770: 1767: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1739: 1736: 1731: 1724: 1722: 1718: 1713: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1698: 1693: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1676: 1663: 1659: 1652: 1649: 1636: 1632: 1626: 1623: 1618: 1611: 1608: 1603: 1596: 1593: 1588: 1581: 1579: 1577: 1573: 1568: 1561: 1559: 1557: 1553: 1548: 1541: 1539: 1535: 1530: 1523: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1510: 1503: 1501: 1499: 1495: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1468: 1466: 1464: 1462: 1458: 1453: 1446: 1443: 1438: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1398: 1395: 1390: 1383: 1380: 1375: 1368: 1365: 1360: 1353: 1351: 1349: 1345: 1332: 1328: 1327:"Arroyo Seco" 1322: 1320: 1316: 1303: 1299: 1293: 1290: 1277: 1273: 1267: 1265: 1263: 1261: 1259: 1257: 1253: 1240: 1236: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1219: 1212: 1209: 1196: 1192: 1186: 1183: 1170: 1166: 1159: 1157: 1155: 1153: 1151: 1147: 1134: 1130: 1129:"Arroyo Seco" 1124: 1122: 1120: 1116: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1094:"Arroyo Seco" 1089: 1087: 1085: 1083: 1081: 1079: 1077: 1075: 1073: 1071: 1069: 1067: 1065: 1063: 1061: 1059: 1057: 1055: 1053: 1051: 1049: 1047: 1043: 1036: 1034: 1030: 1028: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 991: 987: 985: 981: 977: 973: 972:chili peppers 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 947: 943: 936: 934: 930: 928: 924: 920: 915: 911: 909: 908:Richter scale 904: 902: 896: 892: 890: 886: 881: 877: 875: 870: 865: 862: 858: 854: 850: 845: 843: 842:Pame language 839: 835: 832: 828: 823: 819: 815: 811: 806: 804: 800: 795: 793: 789: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 755: 751: 744: 742: 740: 736: 732: 727: 725: 721: 717: 713: 708: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 673: 666: 664: 662: 657: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 631: 626: 623: 619: 615: 611: 603: 601: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 515: 513: 510: 501: 499: 497: 493: 488: 484: 480: 472: 470: 468: 464: 463:Stary Swistak 459: 455: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 429: 427: 422: 418: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 391: 384: 382: 379: 377: 373: 368: 362: 360: 352: 350: 348: 344: 339: 335: 331: 327: 323: 320:is a town in 319: 307: 297: 287: 279: 276: 272: 262: 259: 255: 252: 250: 242: 234: 221: 213: 195: 187: 180: 177: 175: 159: 150: 122:Coordinates: 91: 58: 41: 32: 27: 20: 1908: 1806:El Universal 1805: 1799: 1790: 1784: 1776:El Universal 1775: 1769: 1757:. Retrieved 1753:the original 1748: 1738: 1729: 1711: 1691: 1666:. Retrieved 1661: 1651: 1639:. Retrieved 1635:El Universal 1634: 1625: 1616: 1610: 1601: 1595: 1586: 1566: 1546: 1528: 1508: 1485:. Retrieved 1481:the original 1476: 1452:El Universal 1451: 1445: 1437:El Universal 1436: 1415:. Retrieved 1411:the original 1406: 1397: 1388: 1382: 1374:El Universal 1373: 1367: 1358: 1335:. Retrieved 1331:the original 1306:. Retrieved 1302:the original 1292: 1280:. Retrieved 1276:the original 1243:. Retrieved 1239:the original 1218:El Universal 1217: 1211: 1199:. Retrieved 1195:the original 1185: 1173:. Retrieved 1168: 1137:. Retrieved 1133:the original 1106:. Retrieved 1097: 1031: 1023: 1015: 1012: 992: 988: 948: 944: 940: 931: 916: 912: 905: 897: 893: 882: 878: 866: 846: 818:Augustinians 807: 796: 760: 748: 728: 716:Holy Trinity 709: 703:, Tancoyol, 678: 658: 627: 607: 598:coral snakes 594:rattlesnakes 519: 505: 483:Jalpan River 479:Ayutla River 476: 454:green macaws 430: 423: 419: 399:Sierra Gorda 396: 380: 363: 356: 317: 316: 310:(in Spanish) 261:(US Central) 2029:San Joaquín 2025:San Joaquín 1939:El Pueblito 1935:Corregidora 1909:Arroyo Seco 1905:Arroyo Seco 857:Franciscans 814:Franciscans 697:Franciscans 652:along with 558:roadrunners 554:chachalacas 534:white cedar 492:Verde River 487:Concá River 473:Hydrography 318:Arroyo Seco 302:.arroyoseco 144: / 2009:Peñamiller 2005:Peñamiller 1985:El Marqués 1037:References 1027:Toluquilla 1020:Archeology 968:sugar cane 822:encomienda 799:Chichimeca 642:piloncillo 634:enchiladas 562:armadillos 556:, eagles, 227:Population 201:Government 132:99°41′18″W 129:21°32′50″N 2015:Querétaro 1989:La Cañada 1959:Huimilpan 1955:Huimilpan 1919:Cadereyta 1866:(capital) 1855:Querétaro 1853:State of 1759:April 14, 1668:April 14, 1641:April 14, 1487:April 14, 1417:April 14, 1337:April 14, 1308:April 14, 1282:April 14, 1245:April 14, 1201:March 29, 1139:April 14, 1108:April 14, 996:Río Verde 838:Michoacán 808:In 1532, 783:Purépecha 741:in 2003. 574:wild boar 568:, foxes, 522:limestone 445:Venezuela 426:limestone 403:Querétaro 385:Geography 330:Querétaro 328:state of 280:(Central) 249:Time zone 219:Elevation 179:Querétaro 2084:Category 1712:El Norte 1617:El Norte 1547:El Norte 1175:April 8, 1102:Archived 1000:San Ciro 984:pitahaya 960:avocados 816:and the 767:Huasteca 646:aguamiel 638:barbacoa 610:Huapango 590:opossums 582:raccoons 546:mesquite 481:and the 458:pit cave 353:The town 2059:Tolimán 2055:Tolimán 1889:Amealco 1791:Palabra 1602:Reforma 1587:Reforma 1567:Reforma 1529:Reforma 1509:Reforma 1389:Reforma 1359:Reforma 976:sorghum 831:viceroy 745:History 604:Culture 570:coyotes 542:oyamels 502:Climate 467:Austria 326:Mexican 295:Website 258:Central 185:Founded 157:Country 980:barley 964:papaya 956:guavas 901:rabies 701:Jalpan 650:pulque 630:cecina 588:, and 586:skunks 496:arroyo 235:12,493 168:Mexico 166: 1929:Colón 1925:Colón 1477:Terra 952:mango 827:Xichú 803:Jonaz 792:Aztec 775:Pames 705:Landa 654:atole 578:pumas 530:pines 367:kiosk 289:76440 278:UTC-5 254:UTC-6 243:1,303 174:State 1761:2011 1670:2011 1643:2011 1489:2011 1419:2011 1339:2011 1310:2011 1284:2011 1247:2011 1203:2011 1177:2011 1141:2011 1110:2011 998:and 982:and 962:and 777:and 733:and 722:and 648:and 596:and 540:and 526:oaks 338:Pame 304:.gob 206:Area 196:1933 188:1833 31:Town 1875:and 927:PRD 919:PRI 465:in 443:in 306:.mx 300:www 271:DST 2086:: 1720:^ 1700:^ 1678:^ 1575:^ 1555:^ 1537:^ 1517:^ 1497:^ 1460:^ 1427:^ 1347:^ 1318:^ 1255:^ 1226:^ 1149:^ 1118:^ 1096:. 1045:^ 1029:. 978:, 958:, 929:. 891:. 600:. 584:, 580:, 576:, 572:, 564:, 536:, 532:, 528:, 2061:) 2057:( 2051:) 2047:( 2041:) 2037:( 2031:) 2027:( 2021:) 2017:( 2011:) 2007:( 2001:) 1997:( 1991:) 1987:( 1981:) 1977:( 1971:) 1967:( 1961:) 1957:( 1951:) 1947:( 1941:) 1937:( 1931:) 1927:( 1921:) 1917:( 1911:) 1907:( 1901:) 1897:( 1891:) 1887:( 1839:e 1832:t 1825:v 1763:. 1672:. 1645:. 1491:. 1421:. 1341:. 1312:. 1286:. 1249:. 1205:. 1179:. 1143:. 1112:. 273:) 263:) 256:(

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