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291:, the capital of the country. From 1961 until 1991, the Young Men's Muslim Association (YMMA) held competitions where various different civil groups would design large floats, often with lights inside or outside, in celebration of Ramadan. The lanterns are constructed out of wood, bamboo, wire, paper, rice and other materials and represent landmarks, animals, or supernatural beings.
255:, are found throughout a large area that was controlled primarily by the Temne until the Mende entered in the 1600s. When asked about the statues by early explorers, the people in the region expressed the belief that they were the work of spiritual beings and that no one in the communities knew how to make such a figure.
238:
Ivory carvings have been produced by many of the ethnic groups in the current area of Sierra Leone and were a primary export to
Portuguese traders when they first began the trade networks with the coastal communities. It was not until the 1950s that the stylistic connections between the ivory pieces
298:
As the competition grew, violence occasionally broke out and the event grew larger and larger. The events and lanterns often have political themes related to the issues in Sierra Leone at the time and are affiliated with various movements. The regular holding of the lantern competition was ended in
209:
Twin figures are prominent in Temne cultural practice and the wood carvings play a key role in the ceremonial life of the community. These figures of no more than a foot tall are created with a twin child passes away, and are used initially as a play partner for the living twin and as a ceremonial
205:
In general, there are clear regional differences in the wood carving techniques of the forest communities (the Mende, Vai, and Bullom) with smooth edges and intricate details. The savannah style (the Temne Limba, and Loko communities), in contrast, is defined by abstract styles with straight lines
258:
The Mende believe the stones are the representations of the people who lived in the region before they came to the area and the Temne people have a ceremony around the stones where they treat them as former chiefs and kings of the region. African art curator
Frederick Lamp believes that the stone
132:
The Sande and Poro societies, which are primarily tasked with the initiation ceremonies for women and men to become a part of the community, produce an important range of artwork associated with the ceremony. One of the most prominent artistic forms associated with these societies are the helmet
294:
The lantern festival began small in the 1930s when the businessman Daddy Maggay witnessed a
Catholic lantern festival in the Gambia. The small processions slowly grew, largely as a result of the reputation for good cooking by Maggay's wife (whose specialty was corn and couscous), and eventually
250:
stone carvings of unclear origin have been discovered buried around southern Sierra Leone. The figures were first described by
Europeans in 1852 by missionary George Thompson who discovered a group of five of them on the site of a destroyed village. The human figures, carved out of
213:
The twin figures are carved into a number of other ceremonial related wood, including staffs for religious initiation and healing. Associated with these figures is the construction of small-scale houses for the twin (called
70:, and express a range of spiritual and political meanings. Carving using wood, ivory, and stone has been prominent for many centuries and retains importance today. In addition, since the 1930s, Freetown has had a number of
47:
has a long and significant tradition of carving and ceremonial works like masks and cloth for initiation and protection. Although art styles are oftentimes ascribed to a single ethnic group (often the
275:
Cloth arts are often used in many of the different groups in Sierra Leone to provide special types of protection. The cloth is provided with specific designs for spiritual protection for the wearer.
181:
in the lanterns and masks by the odelay societies in
Freetown. In addition to historical heroes, the art often depicts National Provisional Ruling Council (NPRC) leaders and symbols (such as
109:
The Sande (female) and Poro (male) ceremonial societies have a long history of artistic construction in many different ethnic groups of Sierra Leone. Although most often affiliated with the
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in Temne) which are spread throughout the area. This use of twin figures is associated with wider spiritual powers that twins are claimed to possess in Temne beliefs.
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Sierra Leone did not develop a significant artistic tradition of patriotic imagery during the struggle for independence and after. However, after the
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carvings are a Temne tradition which was lost when the Mende invaded and displaced the communities which had existed there before that.
51:), the styles and processes are spread throughout the country and many artists move between the different ethnic groups in the country.
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Lamp, Frederick J. (1990). "Ancient wood figures from Sierra Leone: Implications for
Historical Reconstruction".
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and the large stone carvings which were discussed significantly by
European sources earlier in that century.
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Opala, Joseph A. (1994). "'Ecstatic
Renovation!': Street Art Celebrating Sierra Leone's 1992 Revolution".
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173:) formed and began engaging in high-profile art with patriotic themes. Prominent figures depicted were
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Lamp, Frederick J. (2008). "Temne Twins (Ta-bari) Should Share
Everything: Do You Mean Everything?".
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Fraser, Douglas (1971). "Note on the Stone Nomoli
Figures of Sierra Leone".
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A prominent modern artistic expression involves the design and floating of
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competitions where different groups construct large, decorative floats.
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Oram, Jenny (1998). "Float Traditions in Sierra Leone and the Gambia".
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Art is often practiced by organized societies, whether the traditional
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Viditz-Ward, Vera (1987). "Photography in Sierra Leone, 1850-1918".
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773:"House of Stones: Memorial Art of Fifteenth-Century Sierra Leone"
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Nunley, John W. (1985). "The Lantern Festival in Sierra Leone".
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Hart, W.A. (1989). "Woodcarving of the Limba of Sierra Leone".
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Ivory carving of approximate 1500s origin from Sierra Leone
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Nomoli stone carving of a man holding a crocodile. (
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678:Cromwell, Nancy (1977). "Art of Sierra Leone".
646:South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
315:: Early 20th-century photographer in Freetown.
141:in Temne) involved in the initiation rituals.
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303:, but irregular competitions still are held.
37:helmet mask (1940–1965) in the collection of
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39:The Children's Museum of Indianapolis
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629:Wall Street International Magazine
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724:10.1080/00043079.1971.10790511
659:"Stories of Recovery and Hope"
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78:Artistic societies and groups
62:societies or the more recent
771:Lamp, Frederick J. (1983).
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1230:Chief of the Defence Staff
1054:British colony (1787–1961)
625:"It's how well you bounce"
324:Esther Maxwell-Orumbie
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1389:Female genital mutilation
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1086:2014 Ebola virus epidemic
853:10.1162/afar.2008.41.1.50
1180:Administrative divisions
295:became run by the YMMA.
83:Sande and Poro Societies
991:(subscription required)
959:(subscription required)
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222:Stone and ivory carving
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1076:Civil War (1991–2002)
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210:site for the mother.
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1044:Atlantic slave trade
206:and bold contrasts.
940:(3): 50–57, 94–96.
313:Alphonso Lisk-Carew
45:Art in Sierra Leone
18:Art of Sierra Leone
1536:Sierra Leonean art
1318:Telecommunications
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330:Tarawali Tarazadio
287:down the river in
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183:Valentine Strasser
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1399:Human trafficking
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1091:COVID-19 pandemic
307:Prominent artists
16:(Redirected from
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908:(371): 195–218.
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127:Bullom languages
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101:Sande society
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66:societies of
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35:Sande society
31:
27:
19:
1457:Coat of arms
1451:
1419:Prostitution
1369:Demographics
1328:Trade unions
1298:Central bank
1210:Human rights
1149:Water supply
1027:Sierra Leone
969:
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934:African Arts
933:
905:
901:
876:(2): 45–49.
873:
870:African Arts
869:
847:(1): 50–65.
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841:African Arts
840:
815:(2): 48–59.
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809:African Arts
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747:(1): 44–53.
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741:African Arts
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679:
672:Bibliography
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657:Laura Wood,
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1409:LGBT rights
1288:Agriculture
1049:(1600–1787)
588:Nunley 1985
489:Fraser 1971
193:Woodworking
179:Sengbe Pieh
1374:Disability
1307:(currency)
1237:Parliament
1205:Government
718:(3): 393.
665:, Aug 2011
648:, Aug 2017
612:Opala 1994
423:Opala 1994
411:Opala 1994
399:Opala 1994
344:References
263:Cloth work
1404:Languages
1379:Education
1333:Transport
1247:President
1215:Judiciary
1195:Elections
1112:Geography
623:WSI Mag,
569:Oram 1998
557:Oram 1998
540:Lamp 1983
528:Lamp 1983
516:Lamp 1983
501:Lamp 1983
474:Lamp 1990
462:Lamp 2008
450:Lamp 2008
438:Lamp 2008
364:Hart 1989
333:Cam Coker
301:civil war
253:soapstone
216:ka-bangka
175:Bai Bureh
1530:Category
1510:Category
1424:Religion
1414:Polygamy
1359:Abortion
1225:Military
1168:Politics
1154:Wildlife
861:57567037
289:Freetown
285:lanterns
279:Lanterns
72:lanterns
68:Freetown
1501:Outline
1462:Cuisine
1439:Culture
1347:Society
1323:Tourism
1293:Banking
1276:Economy
1185:Cabinet
1134:Climate
1124:Borders
1069:1961–71
1036:History
986:1159896
954:3337576
890:3336188
829:3336898
800:3050319
761:3336799
732:3048872
700:3335236
1515:Portal
1482:Sports
1447:Anthem
1394:Health
1313:Mining
1305:Leone
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966:Africa
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244:nomoli
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121:, the
117:, the
64:odelay
1477:Music
1472:Media
1429:Women
982:JSTOR
950:JSTOR
918:JSTOR
886:JSTOR
857:S2CID
825:JSTOR
796:JSTOR
776:(PDF)
757:JSTOR
728:JSTOR
696:JSTOR
349:Notes
248:pomdo
139:anawu
135:sowei
115:Temne
111:Mende
56:Sande
49:Mende
1467:Flag
242:The
185:and
119:Kono
105:Poro
103:and
60:Poro
58:and
1452:Art
974:doi
942:doi
910:doi
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