437:, killing nine and wounding 95 others, including most of the Party's leaders and senatorial candidates. Opposition forces blamed Marcos for the attack, while Marcos blamed communists. Marcos cited the unrest and confusion of the bombing's aftermath as a reason to suspend the writ of habeas corpus a month later. Numerous student activists were arrested, but those who got away were radicalized – convinced that there was no other way to bring about social change but to join the armed resistance against the Marcos administration. By the time Habeas Corpus was restored in January 1972, talks of an imminent revolution were already rife. The military used the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus to their advantage to arrest well-known activists such as Luzvimindo David of KM and Gary Olivar of the Movement for a Democratic Philippines (MDP) and swoop down on headquarters of several mass movements.
780:. Another Maryknoll figure of the resistance of the dictatorship was High School alumnus Suellen Escribano, who gave up her life of comfort in order to serve the women and farmers living in the border area of Quezon and Bicol provinces, helping them resist the efforts of landgrabbers. The significance Escribano's work would later be recognized by the Philippines' Bantayog ng mga Bayani, which honors the martyrs and heroes that fought to restore democracy during the regime. The Maryknoll sisters were prominent in the crowd that formed the People Power revolution of 1986, which led to the ouster of the Marcos family, and Sr. Helen Graham's diary entries were later published by the Philippine Daily Inquirer as a day by day breakdown of the events as they happened.
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792:, who had not been able to attend any protests due to health limitations who became the first of Marcos' political detainees to die while in prison. Philippine Constabulary soldiers had arrested her and her sister Josefina in a warrantless arrest in April 1973. Three days later, the Hilao family was informed that Liliosa had died of suicide, but her body showed signs of severe torture, leading her to be acknowledged as one of the early victims of the
647:; Economics Professor and Union Organizer Eduardo Lanzona, who was arrested in Davao Del Norte and eventually killed by Marcos' forces in 1975; Activist Maria Socorro Par who pushed for the restoration of the student council and school paper Atenews in the mid70s after they had been shut down in Martial Law, and Atenews Editor in Chief Evella Bontia; Law School alumnus Nicolas Solana Jr., and ADDU High School alumnus Ricky Filio and Joel Jose.
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because Marcos' forces were hunting down student activists, and all of whom were killed in various incidents between 1975 and 1876. Ang Sinco, Cayunda, Reyes, and
Petalcorin were all later honored by having their names inscribed on the wall of remembrance at the Philippines' Bantayog ng mga Bayani, which honors the martyrs and heroes who fought for the restoration of democracy in the Philippines despite the dangers of the Martial Law years.
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602:(SCA), who were at the seminary to attend a workshop, as well as the head of the Jesuit order in the Philippines at the time, Benigno "Benny" Mayo, and a priest, Jose Blanco, whom they falsely accused of being the "secretary general of an allegedly anti-government organization." The outrage arising from the raid was one of the key contributors to the emergence of
225:
711:, then De La Salle College, student activists clashed with the school administration over matters involving the Brother Becker Case, NROTC, tuition fees, and student rights and academic freedom. The activists questioned the elitist orientation of the institution and campaigned for a more nationalistic education.
796:. Other PLM students who were killed for their opposition to the dictatorship included the brothers Roy and Norberto Acebedo, who joined activist groups because they were aghast at the abuses of the regime, but were themselves killed by administration soldiers in separate incidents in 1975 and 1985.
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The prevalence of the affluent was one of the issues that was brought up in the 1960s; it was a question of whether the "wide-cross section of the public" could be "represented." Questioning why a
Philippine institution had an administrator who was American, textbooks that were written by foreigners,
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By the closing years of the 1970s, economic crises arising from Marcos' debt-driven projects during the pre-Martial Law years led to a resurgence of social unrest despite
Martial law still being in force. And, as Greg Jones notes, "communist efforts to rebuild an urban protest movement were beginning
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on August 24, 1974 which took place because the Marcos regime's forces had mistakenly thought that a communist leader was holding a meeting there. When the 150 soldiers who conducted the raid found that the communist leader they were looking for was not at the seminary, they arrested 21 leaders of a
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Marcos' initial suspension of the privilege of the writ of Habeas Corpus in 1971 after the Plaza
Miranda Bombing involved the arrest of both moderate and radical activists, compelling many of them to go into hiding. Although a few of those who went into hiding did so individually, many felt compelled
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In the aftermath of all these events, Marcos lumped all of the opposition together and referred to them as communists, and many former moderates fled to the mountain encampments of the radical opposition to avoid being arrested by Marcos' forces. Those who became disenchanted with the excesses of the
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President Marcos was jeered by the already-agitated crowd, which started throwing pebbles, paper balls, and protest effigies at Marcos and his retinue. Marcos and his wife Imelda were eventually able to escape to the presidential limousine, leaving the Manila Police
District (MPD) and elements of the
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The media reports of the time classified the various student groups opposing Marcos into two categories. The "Moderates", which included church groups, civil libertarians, and mainstream nationalists, were those who wanted to create change through political reforms. The "radicals", including a number
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As far back as the 1950s, the
University of the Philippines has been the breeding ground of many intellectuals and radical activists. It comes as no surprise, then, that in the 1960s and 1970s, the university played an active role in conducting demonstrations, marches, and rallies to raise awareness
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was suddenly shot and killed by what witnesses said was a policeman. His death sparked outrage throughout the city, and students spent the next two days protesting in the area of Bolton, Bangkerohan, and Claro M. Recto streets near the campus, particularly the area near the United States
Information
120:
Students were at the forefront of several protest movements with varying political orientations, collectively becoming one of the most active elements in the political scene of the time. In the years 1970 and 1971 alone, student activists participated in 214 demonstrations and 39 class boycotts, and
771:
During the Marcos dictatorship, the community of
Maryknoll College (now known as Miriam College) was known for being one of the Catholic educational institutions most active in protesting the abuses and excesses of the regime. A prominent leader was Sr Helen Graham, who became a founding member of
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Ferdie, together with like-minded students in AdMU, established LDA in 1970, the first radical activist organization in Ateneo. Members conducted discussion groups, recruited students, advised student leaders, and created a space for dialogue among members of the student body. Eventually, LDA split
546:
While the better-organized underground movement was strongly associated with the national democracy movement specifically and the left in general, those who had largely been apolitical or were associated with the political center during the early days of
Martial Law eventually eventually galvanized
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forced Marcos to declare a snap election in 1986, in which Ninoy Aquino's wife
Corazon Aquino ran against Marcos. When news of election rigging during that election began to come out, the Philippine public began to rally behind Aquino. When a failed military coup provided the impetus for people to
90:
When he was first elected president of the Philippines in 1965 and throughout most of his first term in office, Ferdinand Marcos was relatively popular, both among the general public and among students. However, Marcos' ambition to be the first Philippine postwar president to be elected led to his
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was one of the earliest centers of student activism in Mindanao during the Marcos years, with a notable incident in mid-February 1971 now known as "The Battle of Claro M. Recto," so named after the street nearby the campus in which most of the protest took place. It began with a typical protest,
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This case provided the students the opportunity to voice their concerns regarding academic freedom as well as student rights. Arthur Aguilar, Student Council chairman, eventually managed to steer the dialogue away from the Becker case, in a meeting with Brother H. Gabriel Connon FSC and Dr. Waldo
416:
was a nine-day uprising at the University of the Philippines-Diliman from February 1 to February 9, 1971. It started out as a peaceful rally in which students voiced their support for the ongoing strike against the oil price hike and escalated into an uprising in which students, supported by the
382:
The protest was largely peaceful until the end of the planned program, after which there was a disagreement between the moderate and the radical groups for control over the protest stage. This disagreement was ongoing when Marcos, having finished his speech, walked out the legislative building.
48:
University students during this period found themselves attracted to political movements from across the political spectrum, ranging from "moderates" wanted to create change through political reforms, including church groups, civil libertarians, social democrats, and nationalist politicians; and
378:
The protest during Ferdinand Marcos' Fifth State of the Nation Address on January 26, 1970, was primarily organized by the National Union of Students of the Philippines (NUSP), and was meant to coincide with the first State of the Nation Address of Marcos' second term. In addition to "moderate"
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Student activists from the university stirred up the masses of youth and the working class to conduct protest actions, from the March 1961 demonstration of 5,000 UP student demonstrators that scuttled the anti-communist witch-hunt of the Committee on Anti-Filipino Activities (CAFA) to the 1970
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Other prominent student activists from UM were student playwright Herbert Cayunda and stage performer Cecilio Reyes of the Gintong Silahis (GS) cultural group, Rhyme Petalcorin of the Young Christian Liberation Movement (YCLM), all of whom were later forced to go into hiding during Martial Law
451:
In the years 1970 and 1971 alone, student activists participated in 214 demonstrations and 39 organized class boycotts. Among the most significant of these were the rallies organized by civil libertarians under the banner of the Movement of Concerned Citizens for Civil Liberties (MCCCL) led by
577:
Others found organizations which retained some ability to question the dictatorship, including religious groups such as those organized under the influential Roman Catholic church, and lawyer's groups such as the Free Legal Assistance Group. It was through such groups that news of corruption,
291:
The political value of students was recognized more by the Americans who realized that students were adept as publicity (propaganda) and pressure groups for government reforms and against the PKP-led Huk rebellion of the 1950s. The PKP only began recognizing their importance in the 1960s when
111:
Marcos won the election, but just as the election results were being counted, the government was falling into debt, inflation was uncontrolled and the value of the peso continued to drop. The slight increase of the minimum wage was countered by continuous price increases and unemployment. The
467:
Violent dispersals of various FQS protests were among the first watershed events in which large numbers of Filipino students of the 1970s were radicalized against the Marcos administration. Due to these dispersals, many students who had previously held "moderate" positions (i.e., calling for
403:
Ironically, this coincided with a meeting of reformist student protesters with President Marcos, which ended in Marcos losing his temper at student leader Edgar Jopson, who dared to ask Marcos for a written commitment not to stand for reelection or reappointment if ever a new constitution is
395:
On January 30, 1970, some 10,000 students and laborers marched across Mendiola Bridge in an attempt to storm the Malacañang. Upon their arrival at the gates of the palace, they commandeered a fire truck and rammed it through the main gate. Despite their efforts to penetrate the palace, the
456:. Students joined the protests in alliance with progressive Constitutional Convention delegates, students, professionals, workers to demand: a) lifting the writ of habeas corpus; b) release of political prisoners; and c) resistance of plan by Marcos government to declare martial law.
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Among the other well-known activists from the university are Lazaro "Lazzie" Silva Jr. and William "Bill" Begg, active members of Samahang Demokratiko ng Kabataan sa Loyola (SDK-L) and Kabataang Makabayan-Ateneo (KM), respectively, and Artemio "Jun" Celestial Jr., a member of
379:
groups such as the NUSP, who wanted Marcos to promise he would not seek power beyond the two terms allowed him by the 1935 Philippine Constitution; the organizers also invited more "radical" groups such as the Kabataang Makabayan, who wanted more systemic political reforms.
547:
into a "third force" or "mainstream opposition" which would primarily use political protest as a way to oppose the dictatorship. Once again, youth activism played an important role in the early development these "middle forces," as the arrest of several students of the
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was the dominant communist formation in the Philippines, its mostly dismissed students as "unneeded." There were small underground cells in some schools that played support roles to the more important and bigger Party cells in the factories and among the peasantry.
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On Friday afternoon of December 6, 1968, more than 600 students held a four-hour demonstration to show their support for Brother Edward Becker FSC who was dismissed by the college. They circulated leaflets which divulged the imputations hurled against Becker.
400:, recounts that what followed was the so-called "Battle of Mendiola," which pitted young boys and girls armed with bamboo sticks and stones against Armalite-wielding 'shock troops' of Marcos from the Presidential Guard Battalion. "It was a massacre", he adds.
695:
During the NUSP's 13th annual conference in 1969, Edjop was elected as president. When delegates returned to Manila, they led a huge rally in front of congress; all while President Marcos was delivering his State of the Nation Address (SONA).
534:
to join the armed resistance organized by the Communist Party of the Philippines and its New People's Army. This became referred to as going "underground," or "u.g.", and activists who had done so were referred to as "namundok" (lit. "
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and the August 6 Liberation Movement, also eventually organized an armed resistance, they had only a few members and had no resources to organize student wings. (On the island of Mindanao, there was also the armed resistance of the
724:" stance. Included in this was their call for the "Filipinization of education" by ousting non-Filipino presidents of schools, colleges, and universities, and appointing qualified Filipinos to head the institutions in their place.
903:
When martial law was declared in September 1972, Marcos cracked down on any form of criticism or activism, leading to the arrest, torture and/or killing of numerous UP Los Baños students and faculty members. Those killed included
211:. These groups were branded "radicals" by the media, although the Marcos administration also used that term to describe "moderate" protest groups, treating all the student groups as extremists regardless of their actual position.
107:
deal. New policies, including a greater emphasis on exports and the relaxation of controls of the peso, were put in place. The Peso was allowed to float to a lower market value, resulting in drastic inflation, and social unrest.
837:
of sectoral struggles and to campaign against the Marcos dictatorship and land reform policy, among others. Some of the clear examples of the school's activism include the ratifying of the Diliman Declaration in March 1969.
643:, which honors the martyrs and heroes which fought for democracy against the authoritarian regime. This included Atty Larry Ilagan, an alumnus of the ADDU Law School who became a prominent Human Rights Lawyer with the
249:
819:
where the UM Student Council denounced tuition and miscellaneous fee increases and the slow progress of improvements to school facilities. Things became violent, however, when a student who was speaking on stage,
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567:. Martial Law under Ferdinand Marcos saw the extensive use of military abuse to suppress of dissent, and captured activists often became the subject of the dictatorship's many human rights violations. Journalist
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Marcos administration and wanted to join the opposition after 1971 often joined the ranks of the radicals, simply because they represented the only group vocally offering opposition to the Marcos government.
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Jimenez, Jose Victor D. “The First Sparks of Student Activism at De La Salle College, 1968 – 1972.” Presentation at the De La Salle University Research Congress 2014, Manila, Philippines, March 6–8, 2014.
125:, issued 72 statements. They joined forces and established coalitions with reformists and radical factions of working classes and even participated in 76 demonstrations alongside farmers and workers.
53:. These differences of political orientation became less pronounced in the first three months of 1970, however, as Marcos cracked down on a series of student protests which later became known as the
33:
played a key role in the events which led to Ferdinand Marcos' declaration of Martial Law in 1972, and the Marcos regime's eventual downfall during the events of the People Power Revolution of 1986.
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387:(METROCOM) to disperse the crowd. This led to hours of confrontation between the protesters and the police, ending with at least two students confirmed dead and several more students injured.
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Although the earliest protests of 1970 were initially led by "moderate" student movements, the dynamics of the political conflicts soon led to the increased prominence of "radical" groups.
4919:
879:", supported by faculty members and non-academic personnel, occupied the Diliman campus and barricaded roads to protest deteriorating conditions in the country during the administration.
571:
writes that "Martial law left the once-formidable legal protest movement in disarray, its leaders in hiding or in prison, its activists driven into the underground or cowering in fear."
319:. This new party's most immediate concern was cadre recruitment and training; being a party composed of practically urban intellectuals and students who lacked revolutionary experience.
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Under Edjop's two-term tenure, the National Union became participative in socio-political issues amidst the First Quarter Storm that brought forth the Second Propaganda Movement.
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741:. He declared that the "issue was only incidental and the Becker case was merely a catalyst, the 'final straw' so to speak which ignited student protest over school policies."
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472:, became convinced that they had no choice but to call for more radical social change. The most organized nationwide resistance force against the Marcos dictatorship was the
203:
The other broad category of student groups who participated in the first quarter storm were those who wanted broader, more systemic political reforms, usually as part of the
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Abinales, Patricio. "The Left and the Philippine Student Movement: Random Historical Notes on Party Politics and Sectoral Struggles." Kasarinlan 1, no. 2 (1985): 41 – 45.
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Student demonstrators during the January 27, 1970 SONA protests, for example, made a manifesto for the constitutional convention, containing the following provisions:
60:
Unrest continued into the following years, and in the years 1970 and 1971 alone, student activists participated in 214 demonstrations and 39 organized class boycotts.
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with almost weekly marches and rallies of 50,000 to 100,000 people campaigning against the administration. Among the youth organizations that were active include
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When Marcos declared martial law in September 1972, the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila had already seen its share of protests, but it was student journalist
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ratified. Jopson's car, which he had parked outside near the Mendiola gate, was among the vehicles damaged during the violence of the Battle of Mendiola.
45:
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Daroy, Petronilo Bn. (1988). "On the Eve of Dictatorship and Revolution". In Javate -de Dios, Aurora; Daroy, Petronilo Bn.; Kalaw-Tirol, Lorna (eds.).
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663:(NUSP) and Ferdidand "Ferdie" Arceo, founder of Ligang Demokratiko ng Ateneo (LDA), played vital roles in campaigning to overthrow the dictatorship.
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Presidential Museum and Library. “The Diliman Commune.” The Official Tumblr Page of the Presidential Museum and Library. Accessed November 26, 2016.
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Jopson, Arceo, Silva, Begg, and Celestial have all since been honored by having their names etched on the Wall of Remembrance at the Philippines'
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920:. Campus journalist Antero Santos was killed while being chased by Marcos forces. Those who went missing ("desaparecidos"), meanwhile, included
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drill, with their refusal stemming from their dissatisfaction with the present NROTC system as well as their protest against the hazing of
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Nonetheless, many activists concluded that the regime had to be fought through force, and joined the underground movement against Marcos.
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military abuse, and human rights violations was able to reach the international community, which put pressure on Marcos to enact reforms.
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The prominence of student groups continued into the eighties when the economic nosedive and the assassination of Marcos' political rival
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Pimentel, Benjamin. "U.G. An Underground Tale: The Journey of Edgar Jopson and the First Quarter Storm Generation." ISBN 9789712715907
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Talitha Espiritu Passionate Revolutions: The Media and the Rise and Fall of the Marcos Regime Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2017.
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the delegates to the convention must be made ineligible to run for any public office in the elections immediately after the convention
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The National Union of Students of the Philippines. “NUSP: Edgar Jopson, Martyr of the People.” NUSP.Org (blog). September 21, 2012.
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of the university as the military sought control of the campus in order to identify suspected leftists, activists, and critiques.
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Valte, Maricris. “The Philippine Student Movement: Prospects for a Dynamic Student Politics.” Kasarinlan 1, no.3 (1987): 49 – 62.
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economic crisis eventually took its toll and triggered growing public unrest, with students at the forefront of protest efforts.
49:"radicals" who wanted broader, more systemic political reforms, such as student groups associated with labor groups, or with the
2597:"Experiences of selected University of the Philippines Los Banos (UPLB) community members during Martial Law in the Philippines"
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Thompson., Mark R. The Anti-Marcos Struggle: Personalistic Rule and Democratic Transition in the Philippines. ISBN 9780300062434
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Tiglao, Rigoberto D. “Days of Shame: August 21, 1971 and 1983.” The Manila Times. August 20, 2013. Accessed November 26, 2016.
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Numerous books and films have prominently portrayed student activism in the Philippines during the Marcos years, including the
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Sison, Jose Maria. “The Incubation of Activism in the University of the Philippines.” Jose Maria Sison (blog). June 26, 2010.
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The Philippine Daily Inquirer. “Did you know: Diliman Commune.” Inquirer.Net. February 10, 2014. Accessed November 26, 2016.
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Service on CM Recto. Ang Sinco would later be considered Davao's first martyr of the fight against the Marcos dictatorship.
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Metropolitan Command (METROCOM) of the Philippine Constabulary repulsed them towards Mendiola Bridge. Primitivo Mijares, in
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public officials who will run as candidates should be made to resign or forfeit their seats upon filing of candidacy
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Other watershed events which would convince students to join the underground resistance include the February 1971
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This section's narrative is excessively long and needs to be tailored to the specifics of the article's timeline.
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which removed Marcos from the presidency and put a revolutionary government under Aquino in power in his place.
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served as a turning point for the mainstream opposition to organize more proactively against the dictatorship.
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States, Ideologies, and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis Of Iran, Nicaragua, and The Philippines
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Francisco, Katerina. “Martial Law, the dark chapter in Philippine history.” Rappler, September 22, 2016.
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in 1971, and then finally placed the entire Philippine archipelago under Martial Law in September 1972.
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and instruction that was done in English, student activists urged the administration to adopt a "more
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Ateneo De Davao became one of the centers of activism in Mindanao during the dangerous days of the
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U.G. an underground tale : the journey of Edgar Jopson and the first quarter storm generation
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U.G. an underground tale : the journey of Edgar Jopson and the first quarter storm generation
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Taguiwalo, Judy M. “Notes on the 1971 Diliman Commune.” Diliman Diary (blog). February 24, 2011.
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Cabato, Regine D. & Sayson, Frances P. “Braving the storm.” The Guidon. September 11, 2014.
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Lacaba, Jose F. (February 7, 1970) The January 26 Confrontation: A Highly Personal Account. The
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The anti-Marcos struggle : personalistic rule and democratic transition in the Philippines
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1358:
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957:
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235:
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1704:
5935:
5507:
5482:
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5230:
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4360:
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3212:
3105:
2814:
2271:
2183:
2060:
1962:
1741:
1311:
1237:
1035:
Dohner, Robert; Intal, Ponciano (1989). "Debt Crisis and Adjustment in the Philippines". In
965:
953:
925:
757:
trainees by probationary officers. The Student Council backed this boycott in a resolution.
308:
122:
91:
use of extreme measures, including massive borrowing to fund government projects during the
37:
2432:
2368:
5699:
5638:
5418:
5289:
5275:
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4728:
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3187:
3177:
3172:
3052:
2999:
2899:
2846:
2819:
2553:
2532:
http://josemariasison.org/the-incubation-of-activism-in-the-university-of-the-philippines/
2407:
2382:
933:
909:
876:
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497:
413:
80:
3494:
2683:
2457:
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4333:
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4190:
4069:
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3993:
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3850:
3762:
3747:
3623:
3618:
3479:
3474:
3426:
3386:
3374:
3307:
3256:
3197:
3151:
2010:
1073:
929:
766:
453:
434:
4492:
2354:
2133:
194:
the Young Christian Socialists Movement (CSM), a communitarian-socialist organization.
6029:
5949:
5663:
5643:
5554:
5398:
5234:
5010:
4771:
4592:
4535:
4430:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4308:
4273:
4079:
4074:
4018:
3998:
3967:
3908:
3903:
3883:
3777:
3752:
3656:
3598:
3539:
3451:
3401:
3396:
3261:
3251:
3124:
3110:
3077:
3057:
3029:
3014:
3004:
2929:
2804:
2596:
1036:
941:
913:
905:
789:
501:
430:
142:
17:
307:
Shortly thereafter, however, this youth faction was expelled from the party. Led by
149:(NUSP), were the dominant force in the earliest student protests of the late 1960s.
5517:
5283:
5080:
4961:
4940:
4455:
4365:
4318:
4283:
4237:
4165:
4041:
4003:
3928:
3898:
3822:
3787:
3721:
3690:
3651:
3638:
3559:
3534:
3391:
3359:
3297:
3246:
3146:
3019:
2914:
846:
754:
656:
614:
469:
2546:
Serve the People: Ang Kasaysayan ng Radikal na Kilusan sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas
2110:
417:
school administration, protested against military incursions into the university.
159:
the non-partisan composition of poll inspectors and provincial board of canvassers
40:
took place towards the end of 1969 and the beginning of 1970, as a result of the
5714:
5709:
5625:
5615:
5393:
5345:
5271:
4909:
4875:
4849:
4375:
4328:
4298:
4258:
4177:
4023:
3893:
3742:
3731:
3529:
3317:
3302:
3292:
3192:
3162:
3039:
2794:
2595:
Pangilinan-Jamolin, Lei; Guzman, Rowena de; Yema, Dan Paolo (December 1, 2020).
997:
http://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/146939-martial-law-explainer-victims-stories
937:
921:
737:
Perfecto, academic vice-president, on December 8, 1968, during the feast of the
721:
568:
71:
The First Quarter Storm (1970) and pre-Martial Law student activism (1970-1972)
5199:
4870:
4525:
4313:
4263:
4061:
3797:
3354:
3156:
1399:
Days of Disquiet, Nights of Rage: The First Quarter Storm & Related Events
1315:
815:
594:
345:
the Student Cultural Association of the University of the Philippines (SCAUP),
95:. Marcos spent $ 50 million worth in debt-funded infrastructure, triggering a
2635:
2556:, Congress of Teachers and Educators for Nationalism and Democracy (CONTEND)
1974:
1893:
1753:
885:, then president, urged his students, faculty, and employees to maintain the
500:; the August 1971 suspension of the writ of habeas corpus in the wake of the
169:(COMELEC) must regulate the election propaganda and expense of the candidates
5153:
5066:
3802:
3782:
3593:
3327:
3220:
1867:
1832:
1684:
1556:
http://diliman-diary.blogspot.com/2011/02/notes-on-1971-diliman-commune.html
1152:
1074:"IMF Stabilization Program and Economic Growth: The Case of the Philippines"
1058:
655:
Several activists from the Ateneo de Manila University (AdMU), most notably
175:
the age requirement of delegates should be lowered from 25 to 21 years old.
2615:
678:, which honors the heroes and martyrs who fought the Marcos dictatorship.
5487:
5160:
5146:
4735:
4721:
4707:
3132:
2789:
1847:
1812:
886:
1323:
814:
The main campus of the private, non-sectarian University of Mindanao in
1982:
1761:
1571:
http://www.manilatimes.net/days-of-shame-august-21-1971-and-1983/31664/
1441:
Living And Dying In Memory Of 11 Ateneo De Manila Martial Law Activists
293:
4456:
Movement of Attorneys for Brotherhood, Integrity and Nationalism, Inc.
5017:
4982:
4865:
4555:
3009:
1485:
Kasaysayan, The Story of the Filipino People Volume 9:A Nation Reborn
639:. Some key campus figures would later be honored at the Philippines'
2217:
1966:
1745:
1359:"Debt, deprivation and spoils of dictatorship | 31 years of amnesia"
2252:"Martial law not an 'era of discipline' - Miriam College community"
44:
which sprang from the administration's debt-driven spending during
5038:
4496:
1415:
Reyes, Fred J. (February 8, 1970). "The Day the Students Rioted".
976:
972:
425:
On August 21, 1971, four grenades were hurled at the stage of the
1483:
Magno, Alexander R., ed. (1998). "Chapter 11: Tyranny Descends".
156:
the non-partisan election of delegates to the national convention
4540:
2572:
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/576040/did-you-know-diliman-commune
5203:
2708:
1882:"Catholics Hold Vigil In Manila to Protest Raid on a Novitiate"
215:
Background: Formation of the Communist Party of the Philippines
4184:
Others who withdrew support during the People Power revolution
2543:
Lumbera; Taguiwalo; Tolentino; Gillermo; Alamon, eds. (2008).
1914:"Ateneo presidents slam Bongbong Marcos 'revision of history'"
218:
5268:
and Remedios Trinidad & Vicente Lopez-Romualdez (parents)
1011:
The Philippine Economy: Development, Policies, and Challenges
296:
spearheaded an anti-clerical and nationalist campaign at the
1302:
Hunt, Chester (1980). "Philippines Values and Martial Law".
2520:. Manila, Philippines: University of the Philippines Press.
659:, founder of the single biggest student union at the time,
618:
gather en masse, the gathering quickly snowballed into the
184:
Student groups considered "moderate" at the time included:
46:
Ferdinand Marcos' campaign for his second presidential term
5570:
Philippine military history during the Marcos dictatorship
5565:
Philippine economic history during the Marcos dictatorship
2940:
Philippine military history during the Marcos dictatorship
2935:
Philippine economic history during the Marcos dictatorship
1135:
Dictatorship and revolution : roots of people's power
2184:
http://www.theguidon.com/1112/main/2014/09/braving-storm/
524:
Student activism during the Martial Law Years (1972-1986)
351:
the Student Power Assembly of the Philippines (SPAP), and
300:. Radicals who were brought into the Party's fold formed
4790:
The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos
1401:. Manila: Salinlahi Pub. House. pp. 11–45, 157–178.
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
604:
the "middle force" of the opposition to Ferdinand Marcos
398:
The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
749:
On July 17, 1971, some 600 cadets refused to attend an
691:
The National Union of Students (NUSP) Iloilo Conference
671:, and the secretary-general of the student government.
27:
Political activism during Ferdinand Marcos's presidency
5088:
A Rustling of Leaves: Inside the Philippine Revolution
2245:
2243:
4811:
Subversive Lives: A Family Memoir of the Marcos Years
1951:"Church Opposition to Martial Law in the Philippines"
1730:"Church Opposition to Martial Law in the Philippines"
31:
Student activism in the Philippines from 1965 to 1972
5922:
Iginuhit ng Tadhana (The Ferdinand E. Marcos Story)
5913:
5733:
5677:
5624:
5588:
5384:
5338:
5308:
5257:
5170:
5118:
4930:
4897:
4888:
4858:
4827:
4781:
4752:
4690:
4683:
4636:
4585:
4578:
4514:
4398:
4347:
4220:
4087:
3977:
3700:
3280:
3239:
3119:
3098:
3091:
3038:
2958:
2870:
2755:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1204:
Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
363:
Involvement of students in pre-Martial law protests
327:Groups considered "radical" at the time included:
133:, wanted broader, more systemic political reforms.
4466:Movement of Concerned Citizens for Civil Liberties
2327:"Liliosa Hilao: First Martial Law detainee killed"
1515:"The 7 deadly protests of the First Quarter Storm"
832:University of the Philippines Diliman (UP Diliman)
480:. While groups with other ideologies, such as the
447:Movement of Concerned Citizens for Civil Liberties
4098:Resistance during the Marcos administration years
2325:Medina, Kate Pedroso, Marielle (September 2015).
1443:. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.
63:Marcos eventually suspended the privilege of the
5654:Japanese Official Development Assistance scandal
5185:Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos
3068:Japanese Official Development Assistance scandal
1227:
1225:
129:of labor and student groups associated with the
2111:"Martyrs & Heroes: Solana, Nicolas Jr., M."
1200:"A History of the Philippine Political Protest"
687:into two separate organizations, SDK-L and KM.
374:1970 Marcos State of the Nation Address protest
4840:Sa ikauunlad ng bayan, disiplina ang kailangan
4451:Kilusan sa Kapangyarihan at Karapatan ng Bayan
2036:"Martyrs & Heroes: Eduardo Taking Lanzona"
1932:Government of the Philippines Official Gazette
1780:Government of the Philippines Official Gazette
893:University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB)
794:human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship
682:Founding of Ligang Demokratiko ng Ateneo (LDA)
348:the Movement for Democratic Philippines (MDP),
5215:
2720:
1541:
1539:
1487:. Hong Kong: Asia Publishing Company Limited.
1337:
1335:
1333:
1041:Developing country debt and the world economy
851:Student Christian Movement of the Philippines
776:after one of her students was picked up as a
661:National Union of Students of the Philippines
559:Aftermath of Martial Law and EDSA (1972–1986)
147:National Union of Students of the Philippines
8:
5292:, Pio Marcos and Quirino Lizardo (relatives)
2339:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1997:"Marcos' Legacy and the Philippine Military"
1798:"Marcos' Legacy and the Philippine Military"
1234:"Commemorating Ninoy Aquino's assassination"
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
385:Philippine Constabulary Metropolitan Command
5046:Loyalista: The Untold Story of Imelda Papin
2664:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2369:"Norberto Acebedo - Bantayog ng mga Bayani"
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1297:
1295:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
591:military raid on the Sacred Heart Novitiate
5886:Bongbong Marcos vice presidential campaign
5649:Overseas landholdings of the Marcos family
5458:1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis
5366:President of the Senate of the Philippines
5222:
5208:
5200:
4894:
4743:Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree
4687:
4671:Presidential Commission on Good Government
4582:
4502:United Nationalist Democratic Organization
3095:
3063:Overseas landholdings of the Marcos family
2900:Construction of "edifice complex" projects
2727:
2713:
2705:
2668:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2660:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2511:
2509:
2159:"Martyrs & Heroes: Joel Ozarraga Jose"
2011:"Martyrs & Heroes: Atty. Larry Ilagan"
1513:Dacanay, Barbara Mae Naredo (2020-02-24).
1346:. FILIPINOS FOR A BETTER PHILIPPINES, INC.
1232:Simafrania, Eduardo D. (August 21, 2006).
1137:(1st ed.). Metro Manila: Conspectus.
956:novel "Killing Time in a Warm Place", the
116:"Moderate" and "radical" opposition groups
42:1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis
2272:"Martyrs & Heroes: Suellen Escribano"
2061:"Martyrs & Heroes: Maria Socorro Par"
1278:. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
493:, which called for Muslim Independence.)
356:Malayang Pagkakaisa ng Kabataang Pilipino
311:, they split from the PKP and formed the
268:Learn how and when to remove this message
5528:Creation of the Municipality of Kalayaan
5361:2nd district of Ilocos Norte (1949–1959)
5109:Why Is Yellow the Middle of the Rainbow?
2433:"Martyrs & Heroes: Rhyme Petalcorin"
1639:Tan, Oscar Franklin (December 8, 2014).
1043:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
855:College Editors Guild of the Philippines
99:. The Marcos administration ran to the
5634:Unexplained wealth of the Marcos family
4476:Task Force Detainees of the Philippines
3048:Unexplained wealth of the Marcos family
2950:Timeline of the People Power Revolution
2408:"Martyrs & Heroes: Herbert Cayunda"
2383:"Martyrs & Heroes: Edgar Ang Sinco"
988:
899:University of the Philippines Los Baños
774:Task Force Detainees of the Philippines
745:Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC)
583:Philippine Catholic church's resistance
563:On September 21, 1972, Marcos declared
191:the National Students League (NSL), and
6041:History of the Philippines (1965–1986)
5409:Operation Merdeka and Jabidah massacre
5180:Ferdinand Marcos's cult of personality
2653:
2642:from the original on September 6, 2022
2493:"Left to Right: The Student Activists"
2355:"Roy Acebedo - Bantayog ng mga Bayani"
2332:
2197:"Left to Right: The Student Activists"
784:Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila (PLM)
595:the Novaliches district of Quezon City
103:(IMF) for help, and the IMF offered a
5903:Bongbong Marcos presidential campaign
4661:Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
2684:"Martyrs & Heroes: Antero Santos"
2458:"Martyrs & Heroes: Cecilio Reyes"
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2195:Reach, Trinidad (February 19, 2010).
2086:"Martyrs & Heroes: Evella Bontia"
1817:. Pasig City: Anvil Publishing, Inc.
1641:"Why Ateneo is honoring Edgar Jopson"
1596:from the original on January 31, 2015
1584:"Remembering the First Quarter Storm"
1565:
1563:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1410:
1408:
460:Radicalization of "Moderate" students
7:
4541:Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA)
4471:National Movement for Free Elections
1949:Youngblood, Robert L. (1978-05-01).
1852:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
1728:Youngblood, Robert L. (1978-05-01).
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1008:Balisacan, A. M.; Hill, Hal (2003).
744:
285:Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas (PKP)
4623:Second Great Rectification Movement
4446:Justice for Aquino, Justice for All
2780:Philippines–United States relations
2134:"Martyrs & Heroes: Ricky Filio"
1626:The Philippine Press Under Siege II
581:One important turning point in the
468:legislative reforms), such as like
317:Marxist–Leninist–Mao Zedong Thought
5441:Communist Party of the Philippines
5251:10th First Lady of the Philippines
4431:Concerned Women of the Philippines
3535:Jose Benedicto Luis "J.B.L." Reyes
2736:Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos
2614:Malay, Carolina S., 1940- (2015).
1703:Jimenez-David, Rina (2017-11-10).
1369:from the original on June 26, 2017
1304:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
875:In 1971, students who formed the "
651:Ateneo de Manila University (AdMU)
478:Communist Party of the Philippines
313:Communist Party of the Philippines
209:Communist Party of the Philippines
25:
5596:1st district of Leyte (1995–1998)
5143:: The Ninoy and Cory Aquino Story
2518:The Philippines Under Martial Law
2218:http://nusp.org/edjop-curriculum/
1081:Journal of Philippine Development
631:Ateneo de Davao University (ADDU)
421:The 1971 Habeas Corpus suspension
6009:
6008:
5299:
4138:Reform the Armed Forces Movement
3333:Lorenzo M. "Ka Tanny" Tañada Sr.
3015:Murder of Juan "Johnny" Escandor
2895:1974 Sacred Heart Novitiate raid
2491:Liu, Nancy (February 19, 2010).
1938:from the original on 2017-09-03.
1786:from the original on 2017-09-03.
1669:. Pasig: Anvil Publishing, Inc.
1439:Montiel, Cristina Jayme (2007).
626:Student activism in universities
553:1974 Sacred Heart Novitiate raid
340:Samahang Demokratiko ng Kabataan
223:
180:"Moderate" or "Reformist" groups
5690:Fake war claims and fake medals
4461:Movement for a Free Philippines
4411:Alliance of Makati Associations
3447:Ribomapil "Dodong" Holganza Sr.
3188:Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr.
3137:Eduardo "Danding" Cojuangco Jr.
2862:Human rights in the Philippines
2832:1969 balance of payments crisis
2620:. Ermita, Manila, Philippines.
2307:from the original on 2023-10-04
1624:Aureus, Leonor J., ed. (1985).
1525:from the original on 2020-02-28
1519:ABS CBN News and Public Affairs
1344:Marcos Martial Law: Never Again
1072:Balbosa, Joven Zamoras (1992).
715:The Filipinization of Education
441:Continuous protests (1970–1972)
5493:Integrated Reorganization Plan
5468:1971 constitutional convention
5325:St. Paul's College of Tacloban
4990:Evolution of a Filipino Family
4845:Tama na! Sobra na! Palitan na!
4155:Col. Eduardo "Red" Kapunan Jr.
3708:Academics and cultural workers
3412:Margarita "Tingting" Cojuangco
2765:Martial law in the Philippines
2558:Alliance of Concerned Teachers
1928:"The Fall of the Dictatorship"
1776:"The Fall of the Dictatorship"
551:youth organization during the
487:Moro National Liberation Front
1:
5540:Assassination of Ninoy Aquino
5329:Philippine Women's University
5316:University of the Philippines
4195:Commodore Tagumpay Jardiniano
2925:Assassination of Ninoy Aquino
2915:Beatification of Lorenzo Ruiz
2617:Ang mamatay nang dahil sa 'yo
703:De La Salle University (DLSU)
514:assassination of Ninoy Aquino
491:Moro Islamic Liberation Front
429:'s grand miting de avance at
298:University of the Philippines
5720:Murder of Archimedes Trajano
5247:President of the Philippines
4804:Some Are Smarter Than Others
4493:Partido Demokratiko Pilipino
3515:Aquilino "Nene" Pimentel Jr.
2995:Murder of Archimedes Trajano
536:having gone to the mountains
504:bombing; the September 1972
6036:Students in the Philippines
5725:Manila Film Center disaster
4715:Handog ng Pilipino sa Mundo
4436:Free Legal Assistance Group
3572:Religious sector opposition
3407:Jose "Peping" Cojuangco Jr.
3381:Political sector opposition
3323:Jovito R. "Ka Jovy" Salonga
2114:Bantayog Foundation Website
1811:Pimentel, Benjamin (2006).
1665:Pimentel, Benjamin (2006).
1014:. Oxford University Press.
975:, and the Kip Oebanda film
859:League of Filipino Students
800:University of Mindanao (UM)
645:Free Legal Assistance Group
243:. The specific problem is:
205:National Democracy movement
141:Student groups calling for
131:National Democracy movement
101:International Monetary Fund
51:National Democracy movement
6057:
4666:Philippine National Police
4656:Commission on Human Rights
4628:Burial of Ferdinand Marcos
4426:Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
4421:August Twenty One Movement
3339:Business sector opposition
3298:Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr.
3203:Benjamin "Kokoy" Romualdez
3193:María Imelda "Imee" Marcos
3083:Bataan Nuclear Power Plant
2749:Batas Militar sa Pilipinas
2250:Orante, Bea (2016-03-30).
1846:Thompson, Mark R. (1995).
1705:"Reaching a turning point"
1645:Philippine Daily InquirerO
896:
868:
803:
764:
657:Edgardo Gil "Edjop" Jopson
506:declaration of Martial Law
444:
371:
97:balance of payments crisis
93:1969 presidential campaign
74:
36:A significant increase in
5987:
5451:Communist armed conflicts
5414:Establishment of the MNLF
5297:
5241:
5032:The Last Journey of Ninoy
4613:Anti-Aquino coup attempts
4151:Gregorio "Gringo" Honasan
3841:Gaston Z. "Gasty" Ortigas
3495:Sergio "Serge" Osmeña III
3000:Murder of Macli-ing Dulag
2910:Interim Batasang Pambansa
2746:
1589:Philippine Daily Inquirer
1316:10.1017/s0022463400019019
971:, the Aureus Solito film
916:was among those who were
542:"Middle force" opposition
510:murder of Macli-ing Dulag
280:During the time when the
4818:Waltzing with a Dictator
3355:Eugenio "Geny" Lopez Jr.
3318:Gerardo M. "Gerry" Roxas
3313:Salvador H. "Doy" Laurel
3308:José W. "Ka Pepe" Diokno
3303:Corazon C. "Cory" Aquino
2516:Lopez, Salvador (1974).
1397:Lacaba, Jose F. (1982).
930:Gerardo "Gerry" Faustino
529:The underground movement
199:Calls for radical change
5715:Affair with Dovie Beams
5580:People Power Revolution
5534:Isang Bansa, Isang Diwa
5371:Kilusang Bagong Lipunan
4898:Monuments and memorials
4835:Isang Bansa, Isang Diwa
4756:during the dictatorship
3661:The Magnificent Seven (
3530:Francisco "Soc" Rodrigo
3392:Ceferino "Joker" Arroyo
3350:Domingo M. Guevara, Sr.
3217:Florentino Sanico Solon
2740:People Power Revolution
1342:Robles, Raissa (2016).
847:National Capital Region
728:The Brother Becker Case
669:Student Catholic Action
620:People Power Revolution
600:Student Catholic Action
549:Student Catholic Action
167:Commission on Elections
5424:1976 Tripoli Agreement
4915:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
4441:Gabriela Women's Party
4294:Letty Jimenez Magsanoc
4198:Col. Charles Hotchkiss
4032:Emmanuel "Eman" Lacaba
3793:Emmanuel "Eman" Lacaba
3773:Gilda Cordero Fernando
3701:Academic and cultural
3345:Jose S. Concepcion Jr.
3020:Murder of Alex Orcullo
3010:Bacong Bridge massacre
2688:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
2601:U.P. Los Baños Journal
2462:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
2437:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
2412:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
2387:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
2276:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
2163:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
2138:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
2090:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
2065:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
2040:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
2015:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
1498:Joaquin, Nick (1990).
1471:Philippines Free Press
1272:Parsa, Misagh (2000).
806:University of Mindanao
761:Maryknoll College (MC)
709:De La Salle University
676:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
641:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
512:; and the August 1983
391:The Battle of Mendiola
5611:Historical distortion
5478:Proclamation No. 1081
5473:Plaza Miranda bombing
5264:Josefa Edralin &
4905:People Power Monument
4329:Joaquin "Chino" Roces
4047:Felixberto Olalia Sr.
3934:Abraham Sarmiento Jr.
3828:Francisco Nemenzo Jr.
3545:Abraham Sarmiento Sr.
3442:Teofisto Guingona Jr.
3293:Agapito "Butz" Aquino
3282:Mainstream opposition
3183:Antonio Floirendo Sr.
2885:Proclamation No. 1081
2852:Plaza Miranda bombing
2775:Conjugal dictatorship
2297:"Sister Helen Graham"
918:arrested and tortured
739:Immaculate Conception
482:Light-A-Fire Movement
65:writ of habeas corpus
18:Artemio Celestial Jr.
5993:← Diosdado Macapagal
5710:Death of Alfie Anido
5550:Binondo Central Bank
5429:Pata Island massacre
4416:Anti-Bases Coalition
4406:Political coalitions
4314:Antonio "Tony" Nieva
3978:Left-wing opposition
3678:Julio Xavier Labayen
3208:Ignacio Santiago Sr.
2857:Filipino nationalism
2800:Communist insurgency
2785:American imperialism
1999:. 15 September 2021.
1800:. 15 September 2021.
906:Modesto "Bong" Sison
452:nationalist senator
250:improve this section
239:to meet Knowledge's
5914:Cultural depictions
5705:Cult of personality
5685:Human rights abuses
5664:Golden Buddha theft
5659:Coco Levy Fund scam
5463:First Quarter Storm
5320:U.P. College of Law
5171:Disinformation and
5102:Season of the Devil
5004:From What Is Before
4765:Iginuhit ng Tadhana
4356:Stephen W. Bosworth
4279:Inday Espina-Varona
4201:Col. Antonio Sotelo
3949:Southern Tagalog 10
3919:Tish Pascual-Ladlad
3525:Soledad Roa Duterte
3505:Cecilia Muñoz-Palma
3240:Cabinet Technocrats
3178:Manuel Elizalde Jr.
3163:Macario Asistio Jr.
3078:Golden Buddha theft
3073:Coco Levy Fund scam
2980:Political detainees
2970:Human rights abuses
2837:First Quarter Storm
1363:The Philippine Star
1244:on October 18, 2007
948:Portrayals in media
865:The Diliman Commune
843:First Quarter Storm
637:Marcos dictatorship
598:youth group called
587:Marcos dictatorship
408:The Diliman Commune
333:Kabataang Makabayan
315:along the lines of
302:Kabataang Makabayan
145:, particularly the
77:First Quarter Storm
55:First Quarter Storm
5978:Martyr or Murderer
5971:Maid in Malacañang
5841:1984 parliamentary
5601:Operation Big Bird
5560:Escalante massacre
5503:Palimbang massacre
5356:Nacionalista Party
5060:Martyr or Murderer
5053:Maid in Malacañang
4729:Saranggola ni Pepe
4598:Operation Big Bird
4350:interested parties
4304:Teodoro Locsin Sr.
4299:Jose "Pete" Lacaba
4243:Ronnie Nathanielsz
4238:Jose "Joe" Guevara
4066:Crispin Tagamolila
3944:Archimedes Trajano
3939:Antonio Tagamolila
3818:Bienvenido Lumbera
3768:Renato Constantino
3718:APO Hiking Society
3647:Mary Christine Tan
3614:Mary John Mananzan
3584:Teodoro Bacani Jr.
3470:Diosdado Macapagal
3422:Hilario Davide Jr.
3417:Roberto Concepcion
3328:Cardinal Jaime Sin
3025:Escalante massacre
2985:Palimbang massacre
2880:1972 Enrile ambush
1886:The New York Times
1502:. Vera-Reyes, Inc.
778:political detainee
105:debt restructuring
6023:
6022:
5545:1980s debt crisis
5523:Tictapul massacre
5513:Thrilla in Manila
5498:1973 constitution
5446:New People's Army
5436:ASEAN Declaration
5376:Marcos propaganda
5197:
5196:
5193:
5192:
4884:
4883:
4679:
4678:
4649:1987 Constitution
4644:Aquino Presidency
4603:Mendiola massacre
4571:Villamor Air Base
4561:Malacañang Palace
4510:
4509:
4482:Political parties
4289:Betty Go-Belmonte
4212:Benjamin Magalong
4145:Juan Ponce Enrile
4131:Marcos G. Soliman
4111:Bonifacio Gillego
4088:Opposition in the
3857:Student activists
3833:Willie Nepomuceno
3813:Salvador P. Lopez
3758:Benedicto Cabrera
3738:Lualhati Bautista
3703:sector opposition
3634:Miguel Purugganan
3589:Mariani Dimaranan
3555:Claudio Teehankee
3485:Primitivo Mijares
3460:Eva Estrada Kalaw
3365:Alfonso Yuchengco
3168:Roberto Benedicto
3142:Juan Ponce Enrile
2990:Tictapul massacre
2890:1973 Constitution
2627:978-971-538-270-0
2301:Maryknoll Sisters
1037:Sachs, Jeffrey D.
958:Lualhati Bautista
883:Salvador P. Lopez
474:New People's Army
368:1970 SONA protest
278:
277:
270:
241:quality standards
232:This section may
86:Background causes
16:(Redirected from
6048:
6012:
6011:
6000:Corazon Aquino →
5936:A Dangerous Life
5508:Green Revolution
5339:Political career
5303:
5224:
5217:
5210:
5201:
5141:Maalaala Mo Kaya
5095:Sa Dulo ng Baril
4997:Forbidden Memory
4969:A Dangerous Life
4895:
4754:Political Films
4701:Bagong Pagsilang
4688:
4583:
4361:Henry A. Byroade
4324:Napoleon G. Rama
4233:Adrian Cristobal
4172:Hector Tarrazona
4105:Ramon A. Alcaraz
4057:Jose Maria Sison
4014:Bernabe Buscayno
3958:Gerardo Faustino
3953:Cristina Catalla
3894:Bonifacio Ilagan
3846:Nemesio Prudente
3727:Boboy Garrovillo
3668:Federico Escaler
3663:Francisco Claver
3629:Magnifico Osorio
3565:Calixto Zaldivar
3520:Eduardo Quintero
3500:Ambrosio Padilla
3437:Raul M. Gonzalez
3432:Neptali Gonzales
3370:Quintin Yuyitung
3272:Carlos P. Romulo
3267:Placido Mapa Jr.
3226:Arturo Tolentino
3213:Ricardo Silverio
3106:Ferdinand Marcos
3096:
2815:Jabidah massacre
2729:
2722:
2715:
2706:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2695:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2659:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2592:
2586:
2580:
2574:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2551:
2540:
2534:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2513:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2338:
2330:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2247:
2238:
2235:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1700:
1689:
1688:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1621:
1615:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1543:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1500:Manila,My Manila
1495:
1489:
1488:
1480:
1474:
1467:
1461:
1458:
1445:
1444:
1436:
1421:
1420:
1412:
1403:
1402:
1394:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1357:Diola, Camille.
1354:
1348:
1347:
1339:
1328:
1327:
1299:
1290:
1289:
1269:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1240:. Archived from
1238:The Manila Times
1229:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1206:. Archived from
1196:
1157:
1156:
1130:
1115:
1112:
1089:
1088:
1078:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1005:
999:
993:
969:film based on it
954:Jose Dalisay Jr.
926:Cristina Catalla
845:that rocked the
610:to bear fruit."
323:"Radical" groups
309:Jose Maria Sison
282:Marxist Leninist
273:
266:
262:
259:
253:
227:
226:
219:
137:Calls for Reform
123:The Manila Times
38:student activism
21:
6056:
6055:
6051:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6046:
6045:
6026:
6025:
6024:
6019:
5983:
5909:
5846:1984 plebiscite
5729:
5700:Edifice complex
5673:
5639:Marcos mansions
5620:
5589:Post-presidency
5584:
5419:Manili massacre
5386:
5380:
5351:Military career
5334:
5323:
5304:
5295:
5290:Pacifico Marcos
5253:
5237:
5228:
5198:
5189:
5172:
5166:
5114:
5074:Oras de Peligro
4926:
4890:
4880:
4854:
4823:
4777:
4755:
4748:
4675:
4632:
4574:
4506:
4401:pressure groups
4400:
4394:
4371:George Hamilton
4349:
4343:
4339:Jose Mari Velez
4269:Amando Doronila
4254:Eugenia Apostol
4230:
4216:
4160:Jose T. Almonte
4124:Danilo Vizmanos
4117:Rogelio Morales
4089:
4083:
4009:Crispin Beltran
3973:
3963:Rizalina Ilagan
3924:Nestor Principe
3914:Armando Palabay
3889:Antonio Hilario
3879:Neri Colmenares
3874:Manuel Bautista
3869:Edgar Ang Sinco
3808:Celeste Legaspi
3713:Freddie Aguilar
3710:
3702:
3696:
3683:Orlando Quevedo
3673:Antonio Fortich
3609:Isabelo Magalit
3604:Inocencio Ipong
3579:Zacarias Agatep
3550:Wigberto Tañada
3510:Vicente Paterno
3490:Ramon Mitra Jr.
3276:
3235:
3231:Nicanor Yñiguez
3173:José Yao Campos
3115:
3087:
3053:Marcos mansions
3034:
2975:Torture methods
2961:
2954:
2866:
2847:Diliman Commune
2842:Agrarian reform
2820:Manili massacre
2751:
2742:
2733:
2703:
2702:
2693:
2691:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2652:
2645:
2643:
2628:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2581:
2577:
2569:
2565:
2554:IBON Foundation
2549:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2529:
2525:
2515:
2514:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2480:
2476:
2467:
2465:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2442:
2440:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2417:
2415:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2392:
2390:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2331:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2310:
2308:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2281:
2279:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2256:
2254:
2249:
2248:
2241:
2236:
2223:
2215:
2211:
2201:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2181:
2177:
2168:
2166:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2143:
2141:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2118:
2116:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2095:
2093:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2070:
2068:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2045:
2043:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2020:
2018:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1967:10.2307/2643463
1948:
1947:
1943:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1916:. 7 March 2016.
1912:
1911:
1907:
1898:
1896:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1860:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1825:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1746:10.2307/2643463
1727:
1726:
1722:
1713:
1711:
1702:
1701:
1692:
1677:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1649:
1647:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1599:
1597:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1568:
1561:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1537:
1528:
1526:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1448:
1438:
1437:
1424:
1417:Manila Bulletin
1414:
1413:
1406:
1396:
1395:
1382:
1372:
1370:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1341:
1340:
1331:
1301:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1271:
1270:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1213:
1211:
1210:on July 5, 2017
1198:
1197:
1160:
1145:
1132:
1131:
1118:
1113:
1092:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1051:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1022:
1007:
1006:
1002:
994:
990:
985:
950:
934:Rizalina Ilagan
910:Manuel Bautista
901:
895:
877:Diliman Commune
873:
871:Diliman Commune
867:
834:
821:Edgar Ang Sinco
812:
810:Edgar Ang Sinco
804:Main articles:
802:
786:
769:
763:
747:
730:
717:
705:
693:
684:
653:
633:
628:
561:
544:
531:
526:
498:Diliman Commune
462:
449:
443:
423:
414:Diliman Commune
410:
393:
376:
370:
365:
325:
274:
263:
257:
254:
247:
228:
224:
217:
201:
182:
139:
121:as reported in
118:
88:
83:
81:Diliman commune
75:Main articles:
73:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6054:
6052:
6044:
6043:
6038:
6028:
6027:
6021:
6020:
6018:
6017:
6004:
6003:
5996:
5988:
5985:
5984:
5982:
5981:
5974:
5967:
5960:
5957:Here Lies Love
5953:
5946:
5939:
5932:
5929:Kumander Dante
5925:
5917:
5915:
5911:
5910:
5908:
5907:
5906:
5905:
5895:
5890:
5889:
5888:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5737:
5735:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5681:
5679:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5671:
5669:BNPP kickbacks
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5630:
5628:
5622:
5621:
5619:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5592:
5590:
5586:
5585:
5583:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5454:
5453:
5448:
5438:
5433:
5432:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5396:
5390:
5388:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5342:
5340:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5312:
5310:
5306:
5305:
5298:
5296:
5294:
5293:
5287:
5269:
5266:Mariano Marcos
5261:
5259:
5255:
5254:
5242:
5239:
5238:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5219:
5212:
5204:
5195:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5182:
5176:
5174:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5164:
5157:
5150:
5137:
5136:
5135:
5127:Here Lies Love
5122:
5120:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5112:
5105:
5098:
5091:
5084:
5077:
5070:
5063:
5056:
5049:
5042:
5035:
5028:
5021:
5014:
5007:
5000:
4993:
4986:
4979:
4972:
4965:
4958:
4951:
4948:Barber's Tales
4944:
4936:
4934:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4922:
4912:
4907:
4901:
4899:
4892:
4891:historiography
4886:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4862:
4860:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4831:
4829:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4814:
4807:
4800:
4793:
4785:
4783:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4775:
4768:
4760:
4758:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4746:
4739:
4732:
4725:
4718:
4711:
4704:
4696:
4694:
4685:
4681:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4652:
4651:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4608:1987 elections
4605:
4600:
4595:
4589:
4587:
4580:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4568:
4566:Ortigas Center
4563:
4558:
4553:
4551:Fort Magsaysay
4548:
4546:Fort Bonifacio
4543:
4538:
4533:
4531:Clark Air Base
4528:
4523:
4521:Camp Aguinaldo
4518:
4516:
4512:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4499:
4497:Lakas ng Bayan
4490:
4479:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4404:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4351:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4336:
4334:Maximo Soliven
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4226:
4224:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4208:
4206:Rodolfo Biazon
4202:
4199:
4196:
4193:
4191:Fidel V. Ramos
4181:
4180:
4174:
4168:
4162:
4156:
4153:
4147:
4134:
4133:
4127:
4120:
4113:
4107:
4095:
4093:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4070:Benito Tiamzon
4067:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4052:Rolando Olalia
4049:
4044:
4039:
4037:Filemon Lagman
4034:
4029:
4028:Luis Jalandoni
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3994:Conrado Balweg
3991:
3989:Lean Alejandro
3986:
3984:Fidel Agcaoili
3981:
3979:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3909:Carol Pagaduan
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3864:Lean Alejandro
3853:
3851:Kidlat Tahimik
3848:
3843:
3838:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3763:Behn Cervantes
3760:
3755:
3750:
3748:Ishmael Bernal
3745:
3740:
3735:
3729:
3724:
3715:
3706:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3688:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3624:Pacifico Ortiz
3621:
3619:Violeta Marcos
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3480:Raul Manglapus
3477:
3475:Ernesto Maceda
3472:
3467:
3465:José B. Lingad
3462:
3457:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3427:Marcelo Fernan
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3387:Jacobo Amatong
3378:
3377:
3375:Rizal Yuyitung
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3286:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3257:Armand Fabella
3254:
3249:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3198:Roberto Ongpin
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3129:
3127:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3102:
3100:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2966:
2964:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2945:Snap elections
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2920:1981 elections
2917:
2912:
2907:
2905:1978 elections
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2876:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2827:1969 elections
2824:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2770:1965 elections
2767:
2761:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2709:
2701:
2700:
2675:
2626:
2606:
2587:
2575:
2563:
2535:
2523:
2505:
2483:
2474:
2449:
2424:
2399:
2374:
2371:. 25 May 2023.
2360:
2357:. 25 May 2023.
2346:
2317:
2288:
2263:
2239:
2221:
2209:
2187:
2175:
2150:
2125:
2102:
2077:
2052:
2027:
2002:
1988:
1961:(5): 505–520.
1941:
1919:
1905:
1888:. 1974-09-02.
1873:
1858:
1838:
1823:
1803:
1789:
1767:
1740:(5): 505–520.
1720:
1690:
1675:
1657:
1631:
1616:
1607:
1582:Rodis, Rodel.
1574:
1559:
1547:
1535:
1505:
1490:
1475:
1462:
1446:
1422:
1404:
1380:
1349:
1329:
1310:(1): 110–121.
1291:
1284:
1255:
1221:
1158:
1144:978-9919108014
1143:
1116:
1090:
1064:
1049:
1027:
1020:
1000:
987:
986:
984:
981:
949:
946:
897:Main article:
894:
891:
869:Main article:
866:
863:
833:
830:
801:
798:
785:
782:
767:Miriam College
765:Main article:
762:
759:
746:
743:
729:
726:
716:
713:
704:
701:
692:
689:
683:
680:
652:
649:
632:
629:
627:
624:
560:
557:
543:
540:
530:
527:
525:
522:
489:and the later
461:
458:
454:Jose W. Diokno
445:Main article:
442:
439:
435:Quiapo, Manila
422:
419:
409:
406:
392:
389:
372:Main article:
369:
366:
364:
361:
360:
359:
352:
349:
346:
343:
336:
324:
321:
304:(KM) in 1964.
276:
275:
231:
229:
222:
216:
213:
200:
197:
196:
195:
192:
189:
181:
178:
177:
176:
173:
170:
163:
160:
157:
138:
135:
117:
114:
87:
84:
72:
69:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6053:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6016:
6015:
6006:
6005:
6002:
6001:
5997:
5995:
5994:
5990:
5989:
5986:
5980:
5979:
5975:
5973:
5972:
5968:
5966:
5965:
5964:The Kingmaker
5961:
5959:
5958:
5954:
5952:
5951:
5947:
5945:
5944:
5943:Batas Militar
5940:
5938:
5937:
5933:
5931:
5930:
5926:
5924:
5923:
5919:
5918:
5916:
5912:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5887:
5884:
5883:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5736:
5732:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5680:
5678:Controversies
5676:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5644:Marcos jewels
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5631:
5629:
5627:
5623:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5587:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5555:Negros famine
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5535:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5400:
5399:Moro conflict
5397:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5383:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5337:
5330:
5326:
5321:
5317:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5307:
5302:
5291:
5288:
5285:
5281:
5277:
5273:
5270:
5267:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5248:
5245:
5240:
5236:
5235:Imelda Marcos
5232:
5225:
5220:
5218:
5213:
5211:
5206:
5205:
5202:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5173:distortionism
5169:
5163:
5162:
5158:
5155:
5151:
5148:
5144:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5129:
5128:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5117:
5111:
5110:
5106:
5104:
5103:
5099:
5097:
5096:
5092:
5090:
5089:
5085:
5083:
5082:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5071:
5069:
5068:
5064:
5062:
5061:
5057:
5055:
5054:
5050:
5048:
5047:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5029:
5027:
5026:
5025:The Kingmaker
5022:
5020:
5019:
5015:
5013:
5012:
5008:
5006:
5005:
5001:
4999:
4998:
4994:
4992:
4991:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4973:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4959:
4957:
4956:
4955:Batas Militar
4952:
4950:
4949:
4945:
4943:
4942:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4933:
4929:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4896:
4893:
4887:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4857:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4826:
4820:
4819:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4808:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4794:
4792:
4791:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4780:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4767:
4766:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4751:
4744:
4740:
4737:
4733:
4730:
4726:
4723:
4719:
4716:
4712:
4709:
4705:
4702:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4689:
4686:
4682:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4635:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4618:UP-DND accord
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4581:
4577:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4536:Club Filipino
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4513:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4488:Liberal Party
4486:
4485:
4484:
4483:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4403:
4397:
4392:
4391:Ronald Reagan
4389:
4387:
4386:Paul Manafort
4384:
4382:
4381:Richard Lugar
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4346:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4309:Armando Malay
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4274:Ma Ceres Doyo
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4213:
4209:
4207:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4188:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4179:
4175:
4173:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4161:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4132:
4128:
4125:
4121:
4118:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4092:
4086:
4081:
4080:Antonio Zumel
4078:
4076:
4075:Wilma Tiamzon
4073:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4019:Victor Corpus
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3999:Lorena Barros
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3976:
3969:
3968:Jessica Sales
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3904:Joel Lamangan
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3884:Liliosa Hilao
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:Bibeth Orteza
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3778:Butch Dalisay
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3753:Noel Cabangon
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3699:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3658:
3657:Ricardo Vidal
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3599:Tullio Favali
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
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3252:Onofre Corpuz
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3111:Imelda Marcos
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3058:Marcos jewels
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3030:Beew massacre
3028:
3026:
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3018:
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3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3005:Daet massacre
3003:
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2960:Human rights
2957:
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2016:
2012:
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1989:
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1859:0-300-06243-5
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1824:971-27-1590-6
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1021:9780195158984
1017:
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989:
982:
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978:
974:
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967:
966:Chito S. Roño
963:
959:
955:
947:
945:
943:
942:Jessica Sales
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
914:Aloysius Baes
911:
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790:Liliosa Hilao
783:
781:
779:
775:
768:
760:
758:
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742:
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734:
727:
725:
723:
722:nationalistic
714:
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541:
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511:
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502:Plaza Miranda
499:
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488:
483:
479:
475:
471:
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457:
455:
448:
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438:
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431:Plaza Miranda
428:
427:Liberal Party
420:
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143:social reform
136:
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126:
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115:
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109:
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102:
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85:
82:
78:
70:
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52:
47:
43:
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34:
32:
19:
6007:
5998:
5991:
5976:
5969:
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5955:
5948:
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5934:
5927:
5920:
5532:
5518:Metro Manila
5159:
5139:
5125:
5107:
5100:
5093:
5086:
5079:
5072:
5065:
5058:
5051:
5044:
5037:
5030:
5023:
5016:
5009:
5002:
4995:
4988:
4981:
4974:
4967:
4962:Citizen Jake
4960:
4953:
4946:
4941:Ako si Ninoy
4939:
4816:
4809:
4802:
4795:
4788:
4770:
4763:
4637:Institutions
4481:
4480:
4405:
4366:Philip Habib
4319:Alex Orcullo
4284:Chit Estella
4247:
4246:
4227:
4183:
4182:
4166:Victor Batac
4136:
4135:
4096:
4091:Armed Forces
4042:Satur Ocampo
4004:Walden Bello
3929:Susan Quimpo
3899:Edgar Jopson
3856:
3855:
3854:
3823:Leah Navarro
3788:Nick Joaquin
3722:Danny Javier
3707:
3691:Jesus Varela
3652:Carlos Tayag
3639:James Reuter
3570:
3569:
3560:Haydee Yorac
3380:
3379:
3360:Jaime Ongpin
3338:
3337:
3287:
3247:Cesar Virata
3147:Romeo Espino
2748:
2692:. Retrieved
2690:. 2023-07-19
2687:
2678:
2644:. Retrieved
2616:
2609:
2600:
2590:
2578:
2566:
2545:
2538:
2526:
2517:
2498:November 20,
2496:. Retrieved
2486:
2477:
2466:. Retrieved
2464:. 2023-06-26
2461:
2452:
2441:. Retrieved
2439:. 2023-06-21
2436:
2427:
2416:. Retrieved
2414:. 2023-05-27
2411:
2402:
2391:. Retrieved
2389:. 2023-05-25
2386:
2377:
2363:
2349:
2320:
2309:. Retrieved
2300:
2291:
2280:. Retrieved
2278:. 2023-06-01
2275:
2266:
2255:. Retrieved
2212:
2202:November 20,
2200:. Retrieved
2190:
2178:
2167:. Retrieved
2165:. 2023-06-11
2162:
2153:
2142:. Retrieved
2140:. 2023-06-03
2137:
2128:
2117:. Retrieved
2113:
2105:
2094:. Retrieved
2092:. 2023-05-26
2089:
2080:
2069:. Retrieved
2067:. 2023-06-21
2064:
2055:
2044:. Retrieved
2042:. 2023-06-12
2039:
2030:
2019:. Retrieved
2017:. 2023-06-10
2014:
2005:
1991:
1958:
1955:Asian Survey
1954:
1944:
1931:
1922:
1908:
1897:. Retrieved
1885:
1876:
1848:
1841:
1813:
1806:
1792:
1779:
1770:
1737:
1734:Asian Survey
1733:
1723:
1712:. Retrieved
1709:INQUIRER.net
1708:
1666:
1660:
1650:December 14,
1648:. Retrieved
1644:
1634:
1625:
1619:
1610:
1598:. Retrieved
1587:
1577:
1550:
1527:. Retrieved
1518:
1508:
1499:
1493:
1484:
1478:
1465:
1440:
1416:
1398:
1371:. Retrieved
1362:
1352:
1343:
1307:
1303:
1274:
1246:. Retrieved
1242:the original
1214:December 10,
1212:. Retrieved
1208:the original
1203:
1134:
1084:
1080:
1067:
1040:
1030:
1010:
1003:
991:
951:
902:
881:
874:
861:, and NUSP.
839:
835:
826:
813:
787:
770:
755:Shore Patrol
748:
735:
731:
718:
706:
698:
694:
685:
673:
665:
654:
634:
615:Ninoy Aquino
612:
608:
580:
576:
573:
562:
545:
535:
532:
518:
495:
470:Edgar Jopson
466:
463:
450:
424:
411:
402:
397:
394:
381:
377:
326:
306:
292:self-taught
290:
279:
264:
255:
248:Please help
244:
233:
202:
183:
151:
140:
127:
119:
110:
89:
62:
59:
35:
30:
29:
5626:Kleptocracy
5616:Solid North
5483:New Society
5404:Sabah claim
5394:Vietnam War
5387:(1965–1986)
5346:Pi Gamma Mu
5322:(Ferdinand)
5119:Other media
4920:individuals
4910:EDSA Shrine
4889:Legacy and
4876:Raised fist
4850:Never again
4376:Paul Laxalt
4259:David Bueno
4222:Journalists
4178:Billy Bibit
4129:Brig. Gen.
4024:Maita Gomez
3743:Lino Brocka
3732:Jim Paredes
3687:Felix Perez
3643:Rudy Romano
3152:Fidel Ramos
3040:Kleptocracy
2810:Sabah claim
2795:Vietnam War
1600:January 27,
1248:October 27,
938:Ramon Jasul
922:Tish Ladlad
569:Gregg Jones
565:Martial Law
508:; the 1980
252:if you can.
6030:Categories
5831:1981 (Jun)
5826:1981 (Apr)
5781:1973 (Jul)
5776:1973 (Jan)
5385:Presidency
5286:(children)
4976:Dekada '70
4871:Laban sign
4797:Dekada '70
4782:Literature
4526:Camp Crame
4399:Political
4264:Joe Burgos
4248:Opposition
4228:Pro-Marcos
4103:Commodore
4062:Nilo Tayag
3798:Inang Laya
3157:Fabian Ver
2757:Background
2694:2024-01-10
2468:2024-01-10
2443:2024-01-10
2418:2024-01-10
2393:2024-01-10
2311:2024-01-12
2282:2024-01-12
2257:2024-01-12
2169:2024-01-08
2144:2024-01-08
2119:2024-01-08
2096:2024-01-08
2071:2024-01-08
2046:2024-01-08
2021:2024-01-08
1899:2020-10-04
1714:2020-10-04
1676:9712715906
1529:2020-02-28
1050:0226733386
983:References
964:" and the
962:Dekada '70
816:Davao City
258:April 2022
5821:1980 (KB)
5816:1979 (SP)
5791:1975 (SB)
5786:1975 (KB)
5734:Elections
5309:Education
5231:Ferdinand
5154:Makinilya
4579:Aftermath
4515:Locations
4348:American
4189:Lt. Gen.
3803:Ricky Lee
3783:The Jerks
3594:Joe Dizon
3221:Lucio Tan
3125:Relatives
2656:cite book
2646:April 11,
2636:927728036
1975:0004-4687
1894:0362-4331
1754:0004-4687
188:the NUSP,
6014:Category
5836:1982 (B)
5488:Rolex 12
5331:(Imelda)
5276:Bongbong
5161:Voltes V
5147:Kalapati
4859:Gestures
4736:Tatsulok
4722:Magkaisa
4708:Bayan Ko
4593:Nepotism
3133:Rolex 12
2790:Cold War
2640:Archived
2335:cite web
2305:Archived
1936:Archived
1868:32508372
1833:81146038
1784:Archived
1685:81146038
1594:Archived
1523:Archived
1367:Archived
1324:20070329
1153:19609244
1059:18351577
912:, while
887:autonomy
589:was the
294:Marxists
234:require
207:and the
5695:Cronies
5575:NAMFREL
5133:musical
4828:Slogans
3288:Leaders
3121:Cronies
1983:2643463
1762:2643463
1039:(ed.).
960:novel "
707:At the
585:to the
476:of the
358:(MPKP).
236:cleanup
5950:Chavit
5606:Burial
5282:&
5258:Family
5018:Katips
5011:Imelda
4983:Eskapo
4866:V sign
4772:Sakada
4586:Events
4556:Hawaii
4158:BGen.
4122:Capt.
4115:Capt.
3099:Regime
3092:People
2962:abuses
2872:Events
2634:
2624:
2560:(ACT).
1981:
1973:
1892:
1866:
1856:
1831:
1821:
1760:
1752:
1683:
1673:
1373:May 2,
1322:
1282:
1151:
1141:
1057:
1047:
1018:
940:, and
908:, and
342:(SDK),
5284:Aimee
5280:Irene
5081:Pisay
5039:Liway
4932:Films
4692:Songs
4684:Media
4204:Col.
4176:Col.
4170:Col.
4164:Col.
4149:Col.
4109:Col.
2550:(PDF)
1979:JSTOR
1758:JSTOR
1320:JSTOR
1087:(35).
1077:(PDF)
977:Liway
973:Pisay
751:NROTC
335:(KM),
5898:2022
5893:2019
5881:2016
5876:2013
5871:2010
5866:1998
5861:1995
5856:1992
5851:1986
5811:1978
5806:1977
5801:1976
5796:1975
5771:1971
5766:1970
5761:1969
5756:1967
5751:1965
5746:1963
5741:1949
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