235:
The legal struggle for the Black Hills land claim began in the early 1920s under tribal lawyer
Richard Case where he argued that the 1877 Act of February was illegal and that the United States never made a legitimate purchase of the land. Tribal Lawyers Marvin Sonosky and Arthur Lazarus took over
242:
On July 31, 1979, the Sioux were awarded $ 17.5 million with 5 percent interest totaling $ 105 million. However, the victory was short lived. The
Indians residing in the Black Hills feared the notion that if they accept the award their land would be officially sold. This led many Sioux to believe
246:
Furthermore, the two lawyers continued to work with the government to provide the tribe with just compensation for violating the 1868 Fort
Laramie Treaty. In September 1979, Sonosky and Lazarus offered the tribe $ 44 million as a settlement for the violation in 1868, but were met with hostility.
260:
was argued on March 24, 1980. On June 30, 1980, the United States
Supreme Court ruled in an 8-1 majority to uphold the United States Court of Claims’ initial ruling, awarding the Sioux nation $ 106 million, which resulted in the largest sum ever given to an Indian tribe for illegally seized
250:
On
October 17, 1979, Solicitor General Wade McCree of the Justice Department sent an appeal to the United States Supreme Court over the initial ruling by the Court of Claims and on November 21, 1979, the Supreme Court set a date to review the claim and on December 10, the appeal was granted.
503:
216:
the longest-running case in
American legal history, and the largest Indian claims judgment ever awarded against the United States. He was also responsible for drafting the Native Alaskans’ proposed version of the
269:
In 1991 Lazarus retired from Fried, Frank, which was closing its Indian law practice while expanding further into lucrative work in
Mergers and Acquisitions. Shortly afterwards he became “of counsel” at
239:
The United States Court of Claims on June 13, 1979, in a 5-2 majority, decided that the 1877 Act that seized the Black Hills from the Sioux was a violation of the Fifth
Amendment.
195:
508:
180:
256:
211:
198:
to stop eminent domain seizure of reservation land for a reservoir. Lazarus was also the attorney for the Seneca Nation in its fight against the
498:
104:
218:
328:
300:
171:
was one of his roommates at
Columbia. His entrance to the bar was, however, delayed by his conscientious objector status during the
523:
513:
518:
112:
371:
528:
120:
203:
164:
344:
230:
128:
345:"Seneca Nation of Indians, Appellant, v. United States of America, Appellee, 338 F.2d 55 (2d Cir. 1964)"
493:
488:
156:
70:
103:(August 30, 1926 – July 27, 2019) was an American lawyer primarily known for his work with
324:
296:
194:
In his first appearance before the
Supreme Court, he represented the Tuscarora Nation in its
188:
148:
116:
74:
58:
160:
79:
167:, although publication was not daily to conserve resources for the war. Future beat poet
316:
184:
168:
482:
124:
108:
372:
https://www.nytimes.com/1981/05/31/business/big-wampum-for-a-legal-tribe.htmllawyer
191:
took over the firm's Indian law practice when Cohen died in 1953 at the age of 46.
83:
291:
Ginsberg, Allen; Lieberman-Plimpton, Juanita; Morgan, Bill (10 October 2006).
199:
172:
472:
152:
176:
144:
293:
The Book of Martyrdom and Artifice: First Journals and Poems 1937-1952
504:
People associated with Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson
274:, a law firm specializing in Indian Law. He retired in July 2011.
132:
475:
at the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University
179:
of Riegelman, Strasser, Schwarz & Spiegelberg (now known as
442:
187:, then the preëminent lawyer for Indian tribes. Lazarus and
271:
243:
that they would lose their land, culture and identity.
175:. Eventually he joined the Washington office of the
90:
66:
47:
28:
21:
366:Stuart Taylor Jr, “Big Wampum for a Legal Tribe,”
8:
357:Lazarus, Black Hills/White Justice, 176-188.
181:Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson
143:Arthur Lazarus was born August 30, 1926, in
163:in 1949. At Columbia, he was editor of the
18:
272:Sonosky, Chambers, Sachse, & Endreson
236:the case in 1956 until they won in 1980.
439:United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians
434:
432:
257:United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians
212:United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians
183:) as an associate, where he worked with
283:
209:He was the final attorney of record in
111:corporations. His clients included the
7:
219:Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act
509:Columbia College (New York) alumni
14:
127:. His best-known case was the
1:
499:American civil rights lawyers
295:. Da Capo Press. p. 25.
16:American lawyer (1926–2019)
545:
228:
473:The Arthur Lazarus Papers
454:
443:http://campus.westlaw.com
424:Black Hills/White Justice
411:Black Hills/White Justice
398:Black Hills/White Justice
385:Black Hills/White Justice
321:Black Hills/White Justice
204:Southern Tier Expressway
165:Columbia Daily Spectator
155:. He was graduated from
524:Conscientious objectors
441:, 448 U.S. 371 (1980),
323:. U of Nebraska Press.
254:The Supreme Court case
514:Yale Law School alumni
319:(1999). "Chapter 10".
231:Black Hills Land Claim
129:Black Hills Land Claim
519:Lawyers from Brooklyn
196:unsuccessful attempt
157:Columbia University
71:Columbia University
42:New York City, U.S.
101:Arthur Lazarus Jr.
23:Arthur Lazarus Jr.
131:on behalf of the
98:
97:
536:
529:Poly Prep alumni
460:
452:
446:
436:
427:
420:
414:
407:
401:
394:
388:
381:
375:
370:, May 31, 1981,
364:
358:
355:
349:
348:
341:
335:
334:
313:
307:
306:
288:
265:Post Black Hills
225:Black Hills Case
189:Richard Schifter
59:Washington, D.C.
54:
38:
36:
19:
544:
543:
539:
538:
537:
535:
534:
533:
479:
478:
469:
464:
463:
453:
449:
437:
430:
421:
417:
408:
404:
395:
391:
382:
378:
365:
361:
356:
352:
343:
342:
338:
331:
317:Lazarus, Edward
315:
314:
310:
303:
290:
289:
285:
280:
267:
233:
227:
161:Yale Law School
141:
105:American Indian
80:Yale University
78:
62:
56:
52:
43:
40:
39:August 30, 1926
34:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
542:
540:
532:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
481:
480:
477:
476:
468:
467:External links
465:
462:
461:
447:
428:
415:
402:
389:
376:
368:New York Times
359:
350:
336:
329:
308:
301:
282:
281:
279:
276:
266:
263:
229:Main article:
226:
223:
185:Felix S. Cohen
169:Allen Ginsberg
140:
137:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
68:
64:
63:
57:
55:(aged 92)
49:
45:
44:
41:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
541:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
484:
474:
471:
470:
466:
459:
457:
451:
448:
444:
440:
435:
433:
429:
425:
419:
416:
412:
406:
403:
399:
393:
390:
386:
380:
377:
373:
369:
363:
360:
354:
351:
346:
340:
337:
332:
330:0-8032-7987-6
326:
322:
318:
312:
309:
304:
302:0-306-81462-5
298:
294:
287:
284:
277:
275:
273:
264:
262:
259:
258:
252:
248:
244:
240:
237:
232:
224:
222:
220:
215:
213:
207:
205:
201:
197:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
151:and attended
150:
146:
138:
136:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
109:Alaska Native
106:
102:
93:
89:
85:
81:
76:
72:
69:
65:
60:
51:July 27, 2019
50:
46:
31:
27:
20:
456:Black Hills,
455:
450:
438:
423:
418:
410:
405:
397:
392:
384:
379:
367:
362:
353:
339:
320:
311:
292:
286:
268:
255:
253:
249:
245:
241:
238:
234:
210:
208:
193:
159:in 1946 and
142:
100:
99:
53:(2019-07-27)
494:2019 deaths
489:1926 births
261:territory.
107:tribes and
483:Categories
458:Chapter 17
426:, 378-379.
400:, 375-376.
387:, 374-375.
278:References
200:Kinzua Dam
173:Korean War
91:Occupation
35:1926-08-30
422:Lazarus,
409:Lazarus,
383:Lazarus,
153:Poly Prep
139:Biography
117:Tuscarora
113:Blackfeet
67:Education
396:Lazarus,
202:and the
177:law firm
149:New York
145:Brooklyn
413:, 377.
327:
299:
125:Navajo
123:, and
121:Seneca
94:Lawyer
61:, U.S.
133:Sioux
325:ISBN
297:ISBN
48:Died
29:Born
485::
431:^
221:.
206:.
147:,
135:.
119:,
115:,
84:JD
75:BA
445:.
374:.
347:.
333:.
305:.
214:,
86:)
82:(
77:)
73:(
37:)
33:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.