454:, purchased Schomburg's private collection of more than 4,000 books for $ 10,000, funded by the Carnegie Corporation in 1926. This purchase would signal the beginning of the transformation of the 135th street's branch into the Schomburg Center. His collection included a variety of items, including the acquisition of three missing chapters from “The Autobiography of Malcolm X,” that were cut from his manuscript after his death in 1965. They appointed Schomburg curator of the Schomburg Collection of Negro Literature and Art, named in his honor, at the 135th Street Branch (Harlem) of the Library. It was later renamed the Arthur Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture.
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355:, becoming, from 1920 to 1928, the fifth and last President of the organization. Founded in Washington, D.C., in 1897, this first major African American learned society brought together scholars, editors, and activists to refute racist scholarship, promote Black claims to individual, social, and political equality, and publish the history and sociology of African American life.
392:. He later became disillusioned with the Harlem Renaissance, because he felt that there were no more revolutionaries within it. He told anthologist Nancy Cunard that she should "not expect to find anything revolutionary or critical in these subjected fellows' writings.... hey have been bought and paid for by white people".
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from Spain. In 1892, Schomburg co-founded Las Dos
Antillas (The Two Islands), a political club that advocated for the independence of Cuba and Puerto Rico. The club existed from 1892 to 1898, and members discussed issues such as providing weapons, medical supplies, and financial aid to independence
232:
While
Schomburg was in grade school, one of his teachers claimed that Black people had no history, heroes or accomplishments. Inspired to prove the teacher wrong, Schomburg determined that he would find and document the accomplishments of Africans on their own continent and in the diaspora.
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movement, which spread to other
African-American communities in the U.S. The concentration of Black people in Harlem from across the US and Caribbean led to a flowering of arts, as well as intellectual and political movements. Schomburg co-edited the 1912 edition of
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contributing to the construction of a reading room and browsing space. By the end of
Schomburg's tenure at Fisk he had expanded the library's collection from 106 items to 4,600. During 1932 he traveled to Cuba. While there he met various
408:
devoted to the intellectual life of Harlem. It had widespread distribution and influence. In "The Negro Digs Up His Past," Schomburg was trying to lay the groundwork for an intellectual refutation of racism. The autodidact historian
299:. They were married on March 17, 1902, and had two sons: Reginald Stanton and Nathaniel José Schomburg. After Elizabeth Morrow Taylor's death, Schomburg married Elizabeth Green, with whom he had three more children.
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In 1896, Schomburg began teaching
Spanish in New York. From 1901 to 1906 Schomburg was employed as messenger and clerk in the law firm of Pryor, Mellis and Harris, New York City. In 1906, he began working for the
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awards a $ 30,000 merit-based scholarship in his name for students who "demonstrate promise in the areas of strong academic performance and leadership at
Hampshire College and in the community."
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1545:
Thabiti
Asukile, "Arthur Alfonso Schomburg (1874–1938): Embracing Black Motherhood Experience in Love of Black Peoples." Afro-Americans in New York Life and History 30, no. 2 (2006): 69-97.
351:, to create an institute to support scholarly efforts. For the first time, it brought together African, West Indian, and Afro-American scholars. In 1914, Schomburg joined the exclusive
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540:. Schomburg used his proceeds from the sale to fund travel to Spain, France, Germany and England, to seek out more pieces of black history to add to the collection.
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While supporting himself and his family, Schomburg began his intellectual work of writing about
Caribbean and African-American history. His first known article, "Is
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In March 1926, Schomburg visited Spain. "His mission was to research and explore centuries of Black life in Europe, including that of the painter
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141:(January 24, 1874 – June 10, 1938), was a historian, writer, bibliophile, collector, and activist. He also wrote many books. Schomburg was a
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272:. She had come to New York as part of a wave of migration from the South that would increase in the 20th century and be known as the
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1966:
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1173:"Helping Black Culture Rise Upon a Mountain of Books: Librarians built collections and nurtured communities of writers and readers"
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Hoffnung-Garskof, Jesse. "The
Migrations of Arturo Schomburg: On Being Antillano, Negro, and Puerto Rican in New York 1891–1938".
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485:. He also held the position of treasurer for the Loyal Sons of Africa in New York and was elevated being the past master of
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1996:
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Helton, Laura and Rafia Zafar, guest editors: "Arturo
Alfonso Schomburg In the Twenty-First Century: A Special Issue",
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312:. Later, he became a supervisor of the Caribbean and Latin American Mail Section, and held that until he left in 1929.
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This was a period of the founding of societies to encourage scholarship in African-American history. In 1915, Dr.
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Ferguson, SallyAnn H., "Porter, Dorothy", in William L. Andrews, Frances Smith Foster & Trudier Harris, eds.,
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532:. The collection formed the cornerstone of the Library's Division of Negro History at its 135th Street Branch in
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331:. In the 1910 US Census, he is recorded as a printer working in a shop and living at 205 West 115th Street in
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of the Cuban struggle for independence); Arthur Alfonso, Jr. and Kingsley Guarionex Schomburg (named after
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800:"The Migrations of Arturo Schomburg: On Being Antillano, Negro, and Puerto Rican in New York 1891-1938"
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By the 1920s Schomburg had amassed a collection which consisted of artworks, manuscripts, rare books,
434:. A notable artist in his own right, Pareja was an enslaved studio assistant to famed Spanish painter
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After Elizabeth died in 1900, Schomburg married Elizabeth Morrow Taylor of Williamsburg, a village in
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and others used Schomburg's materials. The power of knowing about the great contributions that
536:. The library appointed Schomburg curator of the collection, which was named in his honor: the
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Lodge Number 38, Free and Accepted Masons (F.A.M.) and Rising Sun Chapter Number 4, R.A.M.
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1535:, The New York Public Library & Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 1989, 262 pp.
1360:"Solidarity: Brief Accounts of Black and Latino Unity from the Late 1800s to the Present"
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In March 1925 Schomburg published his essay "The Negro Digs Up His Past" in an issue of
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2001:
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In 1916 Schomburg published the first notable bibliography of African-American poetry,
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Schomburg to Nancy Cunard, June 9, 1936, Schomburg Papers, SCRBC, New York, New York.
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Following dental surgery, Schomburg became ill and died in Madison Park Hospital in
2383:
Latin American and Caribbean Congress in Solidarity with Puerto Rico's Independence
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of African and German descent. He moved to the United States in 1891, settling in
1125:, Harlem: March 1925, University of Virginia Library. Retrieved February 2, 2009.
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1986:
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17:
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240:, where he learned commercial printing. At St. Thomas College on the island of
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told of being so inspired by the essay that at the age of 17 he left home in
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African-American history between emancipation and the civil rights movement
461:
invited Schomburg to curate the Negro Collection at the library of Fisk in
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The New York Public Library and the librarian of the 135th Street Branch,
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New York, on June 10, 1938. He is buried in the Locust Grove section of
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1258:
Arthur Alfonso Schomburg, Black Bibliophile & Collector: A Biography
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Arthur Alfonso Schomburg – Black Bibliophile and Collector: A biography
1456:"Honoring Four of Harlem's Historic Voices - Newsroom - About.usps.com"
548:
478:
417:, to seek out Mr. Schomburg to further his studies in African history.
285:
198:
1709:
956:
930:"Arturo Alfonso Schomburg: Pionero en la historia afronorteamericana"
911:, History Notes, Global African Community, accessed February 2, 2009.
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have made to society. He was an important intellectual figure in the
149:, where he researched and raised awareness of the contributions that
114:
Elizabeth Morrow Taylor, m. 1902–before 1914 (until her death)
477:
He was granted an honorary membership of the Men's Business Club in
1570:
Diasporic Blackness: The Life and Times of Arturo Alfonso Schomburg
1552:
1482:
Thabiti Asukile, "Schomburg, Arturo (Arthur) Alfonso (1874–1938),"
1311:
512:
316:
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artists and writers, and acquired more material for his studies.
442:
stated, "Schomburg was vital to the recovery of Pareja’s work".
252:
1648:
1296:. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. p. 69.
957:"archives.nypl.org -- Las Dos Antillas Political Club minutes"
368:
Association for the Study of African American Life and History
1550:
African American Review (Vol 54, Nos. 1-2) Spring-Summer 2021
1087:, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997, p. 597.
543:
Arturo Alfonso Schomburg's work served as an inspiration to
131:, took an active role advocating Puerto Rico's independence.
1436:. Stony Brook University Libraries. 20 June 2021. p. 5
1378:
100 Greatest African Americans: A Biographical Encyclopedia
567:
and Afro-Americans have made to society helped advance the
327:, a short pamphlet about the poet and independence fighter
1485:
Dictionary of Caribbean and Afro–Latin American Biography
268:
On June 30, 1895, Schomburg married Elizabeth Hatcher of
209:, and Carlos Federico Schomburg, a merchant and son of a
700:, a fellow Black archivist during the Harlem Renaissance
244:
in the Danish West Indies, he studied Negro literature.
112:
Elizabeth Hatcher, m. 1895–1900 (until her death)
1063:
The American Negro Academy: Voice of the Talented Tenth
1418:, University at Buffalo, College of Arts and Sciences.
1206:"Missing Malcolm X Writings, Long a Mystery, Are Sold"
27:
Puerto Rican historian, writer and activist 1874–1938)
1179:. Vol. 173, no. 60206. pp. C1, C8–C9.
857:"The 'Father of Black History' Was Afro-Puerto Rican"
276:. They had three sons: Máximo Gómez (named after the
251:" and became an active advocate of Puerto Rico's and
446:
The Schomburg Collection of Negro Literature and Art
397:
A Bibliographical Checklist of American Negro Poetry
2412:
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2090:
1932:
1806:
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Schomburg (Arthur A.) Papers, 1724–1895 (1904–1938)
364:
Association for the Study of Negro Life and History
120:
108:
98:
88:
65:
51:
32:
1771:Puerto Rico Pro-Independence University Federation
1255:
169:, which were purchased to become the basis of the
1628:"Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture"
618:as part of its series on the Harlem Renaissance.
161:. Over the years, he collected literature, art,
1430:Building Name Inventory: Stony Brook University
1085:Oxford Companion to African American Literature
1005:"Arturo Alfonso Schomburg Pioneering Historian"
1561:, vol. 21, no. 1, 2001, pp. 3–49. JSTOR,
1339:Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture
1112:Arthur Schomburg, "The Negro Digs Up His Past"
752:"Jan. 24, 1874: Arturo Alfonso Schomburg Born"
538:Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture
171:Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture
1660:
875:"Arthur Alfonso Schomburg | Encyclopedia.com"
851:
849:
723:"Arthur Schomburg and the Harlem Renaissance"
596:has a fellowship named in honor of Schomburg.
8:
421:included the essay in his edited collection
221:, at the Church of San Francisco de Asis in
1262:. Wayne State University Press. p. 12
979:
977:
902:"Arthur Alfonso 'Afroborinqueno' Schomburg"
1667:
1653:
1645:
1599:Works by or about Arturo Alfonso Schomburg
1290:Duer, Stephen C.; Smith, Allan B. (2010).
986:"Arturo A. Schomburg: His Life and Legacy"
40:
29:
1617:Schomburg Studies on the Black Experience
1572:, Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 2017, 202 pp.
1223:Schomburg Studies on the Black Experience
1065:, Louisiana State University Press, 1981.
339:The Negro Society for Historical Research
1761:Hostosian National Independence Movement
776:Diouf, Sylviane Anna (18 January 2007).
683:List of Puerto Ricans of African descent
2493:Hispanic and Latino American librarians
1741:Independence Association of Puerto Rico
1523:"First Lady Named for Aid to Negroes" (
1409:"Arthur A. Schomburg Fellowship Program
1380:. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books.
1003:Kentake, Meserette (January 24, 2016).
714:
2404:La Borinqueña by Lola Rodríguez de Tío
2348:Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s
1798:Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional
1358:Martinez, Carlos (December 26, 2014).
1323:
1321:
1040:
778:"Arturo Alfonso Schomburg (1874-1938)"
249:Revolutionary Committee of Puerto Rico
2533:Puerto Rican people of Danish descent
2473:Puerto Rican people of German descent
2373:U.S. Capitol shooting incident (1954)
1171:Schuessler, Jennifer (July 5, 2024).
1154:Juan de Pareja, Afro-Hispanic Painter
1136:Juan de Pareja, Afro-Hispanic Painter
349:Negro Society for Historical Research
319:Decadent?", was published in 1904 in
236:Schomburg was educated at San Juan's
7:
2523:19th-century Puerto Rican historians
1681:Independence movement in Puerto Rico
1510:10.1093/acref/9780199935796.001.0001
1254:Des Verney Sinnette, Elinor (1989).
951:
949:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
896:
894:
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592:The College of Arts and Sciences at
2508:Puerto Rican independence activists
1204:Schuessler, J. (February 6, 2020).
941:Nuestro Mondo/People's Weekly World
343:In 1911, Schomburg co-founded with
197:, to Mary Joseph, a freeborn Black
116:Elizabeth Green, m. 1914–1938
1559:Journal of American Ethnic History
1235:Norat, Herbert (October 5, 2020).
984:Norat, Herbert (October 5, 2020).
804:Journal of American Ethnic History
579:included Schomburg on his list of
457:In 1929 Fisk University President
189:Schomburg was born in the town of
25:
2468:People from Santurce, Puerto Rico
2453:Burials at Cypress Hills Cemetery
1590:Works by Arthur Alfonso Schomburg
693:German immigration to Puerto Rico
379:Schomburg became involved in the
297:Rockingham County, North Carolina
1675:
1634:"The Arthur A. Schomburg Papers"
798:Hoffnung-Garskof, Jesse (2001).
657:
643:
629:
390:Encyclopedia of the Colored Race
195:Captaincy General of Puerto Rico
2528:Immigrants to the United States
1751:Puerto Rican Independence Party
601:A residence hall at New York's
329:Gabriel de la Concepción Valdés
211:German immigrant to Puerto Rico
2287:Teófilo Villavicencio Marxuach
1919:José "Aguila Blanca" Maldonado
1756:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
1398:"Arturo Schomburg Scholarship.
1328:The Arthur A. Schomburg Papers
581:100 Greatest African Americans
1:
2308:Ducoudray Holstein Expedition
2222:Pedro "Davilita" Ortiz Dávila
1982:Gilberto Concepción de Gracia
1834:María de las Mercedes Barbudo
1563:www.jstor.org/stable/27502778
386:Daniel Alexander Payne Murray
173:, named in his honor, at the
2368:Truman assassination attempt
1746:Liberal Party of Puerto Rico
1531:Elinor Des Verney Sinnette,
1376:Asante, Molefi Kete (2002),
1023:"United States Census, 1910"
943:, accessed February 2, 2009.
612:United States Postal Service
2483:African-American librarians
2358:San Juan Nationalist revolt
1967:Marie Haydée Beltrán Torres
1161:from April 3–July 16, 2023.
1143:from April 3–July 16, 2023.
907:September 28, 2007, at the
370:) and began publishing the
247:He became a member of the "
2549:
2513:African-American Catholics
1736:Union Party of Puerto Rico
1504:. Published online: 2016.
1237:"Arturo Alfonso Schomburg"
1225:, New York Public Library.
1159:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1141:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1117:February 19, 2009, at the
1099:The Negro Digs Up His Past
1097:Schomburg, Arturo (1925).
1047:: CS1 maint: url-status (
935:February 27, 2009, at the
440:Metropolitan Museum of Art
2062:María de Lourdes Santiago
2057:Manuel Rodríguez Orellana
1899:Antonio Valero de Bernabé
1641:, Kappa Alpha Psi history
1630:, New York Public Library
1624:, New York Public Library
1344:February 7, 2009, at the
278:Dominican military leader
165:, and other materials of
127:Schomburg, also known as
125:
39:
2518:Roman Catholic activists
1894:Arturo Alfonso Schomburg
1864:Francisco Ramírez Medina
1854:Rosendo Matienzo Cintrón
1608:Arturo Alfonso Schomburg
614:featured Schomburg on a
517:Schomburg Apartments at
373:Journal of Negro History
139:Arturo Alfonso Schomburg
46:Arturo Alfonso Schomburg
34:Arturo Alfonso Schomburg
2378:Cerro Maravilla murders
2323:Levantamiento de Ciales
2282:Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff
2202:Tomás López de Victoria
2187:Andres Figueroa Cordero
2177:Carmelo Delgado Delgado
1997:José M. Dávila Monsanto
1859:Antonio Mattei Lluberas
1849:Francisco Gonzalo Marín
1844:Eugenio María de Hostos
1814:Ramón Emeterio Betances
1729:Political organizations
1241:New York Public Library
990:New York Public Library
678:Puerto Rican literature
605:is named for Schomberg.
528:and other artifacts of
325:Placido, a Cuban Martyr
213:. He was baptized as a
175:New York Public Library
2458:Puerto Rican educators
2277:Antonio Vélez Alvarado
2172:Isabel Freire de Matos
2162:Juan Antonio Corretjer
2112:Margot Arce de Vázquez
1942:Antonio Rafael Barceló
1869:José Gualberto Padilla
1807:19th century activists
1787:Cadets of the Republic
1780:Militant organizations
1293:Cypress Hills Cemetery
756:Zinn Education Project
603:Stony Brook University
583:. To honor Schomburg,
521:
519:Stony Brook University
503:Cypress Hills Cemetery
353:American Negro Academy
2237:Helen Rodríguez Trías
2217:Francisco Matos Paoli
2182:Raimundo Díaz Pacheco
2142:Rafael Cancel Miranda
2077:Carlos Alberto Torres
1977:Cayetano Coll y Cuchí
1933:20th and 21st century
1874:Lola Rodríguez de Tió
1688:Indigenous resistance
1494:Henry Louis Gates, Jr
698:L. S. Alexander Gumby
673:List of Puerto Ricans
594:University at Buffalo
569:civil rights movement
516:
465:. He assisted in the
321:The Unique Advertiser
310:Bankers Trust Company
59:Santurce, Puerto Rico
2478:Historians of Africa
2328:Río Piedras massacre
2032:Filiberto Ojeda Ríos
2012:Víctor Manuel Gerena
1947:Félix Benítez Rexach
1792:Boricua Popular Army
879:www.encyclopedia.com
565:Afro-Latin Americans
467:architectural design
463:Nashville, Tennessee
151:Afro-Latin Americans
2503:American collectors
2488:American librarians
2399:Grito de Lares flag
2292:Olga Viscal Garriga
2267:Clemente Soto Vélez
2257:Vidal Santiago Díaz
2167:José Ferrer Canales
2102:Pedro Albizu Campos
2052:Ángel Rivero Méndez
2037:Antonio S. Pedreira
2022:Luis Lloréns Torres
2017:Edwin Irizarry Mora
1889:Segundo Ruiz Belvis
1101:. Van Duuren Media.
323:. In 1909 he wrote
264:Marriage and family
2498:Harlem Renaissance
2318:Intentona de Yauco
2272:Griselio Torresola
2227:Ruth Mary Reynolds
2122:Casimiro Berenguer
2072:Alejandrina Torres
2027:Oscar López Rivera
1992:Pedro Ortiz Dávila
1909:Fernando Fernandez
1904:Manuel Zeno Gandía
1639:"Schomburg Museum"
1490:Franklin W. Knight
1414:2018-11-15 at the
1177:The New York Times
729:. January 24, 2020
637:Puerto Rico portal
577:Molefi Kete Asante
561:Zora Neale Hurston
557:Harlem Renaissance
555:alike. During the
522:
459:Charles S. Johnson
411:John Henrik Clarke
381:Harlem Renaissance
270:Staunton, Virginia
207:Danish West Indies
159:Harlem Renaissance
103:Harlem Renaissance
2430:
2429:
2342:Ley de la Mordaza
2232:Germán Rieckehoff
2147:José Coll y Cuchí
2094:Nationalist Party
2007:Leopoldo Figueroa
1957:Americo Boschetti
1594:Project Gutenberg
1578:978-1-4384-6513-5
1303:978-0-7385-7343-4
1157:, Exhibit at the
1139:, Exhibit at the
1061:Moss, Alfred A.,
961:archives.nypl.org
863:. NPR Latino USA.
727:amsterdamnews.com
704:Carter G. Woodson
688:Afro-Puerto Rican
665:Literature portal
585:Hampshire College
575:In 2002, scholar
415:Columbus, Georgia
360:Carter G. Woodson
345:John Edward Bruce
335:, New York City.
238:Instituto Popular
177:(NYPL) branch in
155:African Americans
136:
135:
16:(Redirected from
2540:
1884:Juan Ríus Rivera
1819:Mariana Bracetti
1679:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1646:
1603:Internet Archive
1568:Vanessa Valdés,
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1468:
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1441:
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2242:Hiram Rosado
2212:René Marqués
2192:Irvin Flores
2157:Rosa Collazo
2092:Puerto Rican
2042:Pedro Pietri
1893:
1879:Manuel Rojas
1794:(Macheteros)
1700:Agüeybaná II
1612:Find A Grave
1569:
1558:
1549:
1532:
1524:
1488:, edited by
1483:
1465:February 25,
1463:. Retrieved
1459:
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1438:. Retrieved
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1188:. Retrieved
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1092:
1084:
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1031:. Retrieved
1027:Ancestry.com
1026:
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1009:Kentake Page
1008:
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964:. Retrieved
960:
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882:. Retrieved
878:
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731:. Retrieved
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143:Puerto Rican
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93:Puerto Rican
71:(1938-06-10)
2448:1938 deaths
2443:1874 births
2082:Iris Zavala
2067:Piri Thomas
1987:Juan Dalmau
1695:Agüeybaná I
966:January 24,
810:(1): 3–49.
783:January 24,
761:January 24,
733:January 24,
493:Later years
487:Prince Hall
419:Alain Locke
260:movements.
185:Early years
89:Nationality
2437:Categories
1492:& and
1312:2010921765
1273:0814321577
1190:2024-07-05
1033:August 19,
884:2021-09-03
710:References
242:St. Thomas
1972:Roy Brown
1935:activists
1440:22 August
1185:0362-4331
840:254487524
824:0278-5927
282:Guarionex
203:St. Croix
109:Spouse(s)
2421:Claridad
1496:. Print
1412:Archived
1342:Archived
1115:Archived
1043:cite web
933:Archived
905:Archived
832:27502778
623:See also
499:Brooklyn
483:New York
227:San Juan
223:Santurce
215:Catholic
191:Santurce
99:Movement
81:New York
77:Brooklyn
2392:Symbols
2338:Gag Law
1720:Urayoán
1715:Jumacao
1705:Arasibo
1601:at the
1348:, NYPL.
1278:dental.
549:Latinos
479:Yonkers
438:". The
288:of the
286:cacique
205:in the
199:midwife
193:in the
2301:Events
1710:Hayuya
1576:
1539:
1515:
1500:
1384:
1310:
1300:
1270:
1183:
838:
830:
822:
534:Harlem
509:Legacy
333:Harlem
303:Career
179:Harlem
83:, U.S.
2413:Media
1434:(PDF)
836:S2CID
828:JSTOR
472:Cuban
317:Hayti
290:Taíno
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