314:
Addition of borax to the rind of natural fruit does not produce from the raw material an article for use which possesses a new or distinctive form, quality, or property. The added substance only protects the natural article against deterioration by inhibiting development of extraneous spores upon the
282:, 340 F.3d 1367, 1373 (Fed. Cir. 2003), and therefore refers to "articles" resulting from the process of manufacture. The same dictionary the Supreme Court relied on for its definition of "manufacture" in turn defines "article" as "a particular substance or commodity: as, an
269:
The
Supreme Court has defined "manufacture" (in its verb form) as "the production of articles for use from raw or prepared materials by giving to these materials new forms, qualities, properties, or combinations, whether by hand-labor or by machinery."
302:
Examples of articles of manufacture are ceramics, cast metal articles, hammers, crowbars, chairs, shovels, gloves, shoes, envelopes and mouse-pads. Articles of manufacture may have parts, but any interaction among the parts is usually static.
350:§ 4, 1 Stat. 109, 111 (1790). In 1793, Congress amended the patent laws, changing the language to allow a patent for "any new and useful art, machine, manufacture or composition of matter."
262:
48:
213:
250:. In United States patent law, that same terminology has been in use since the first patent act in 1790 (with the exception that processes were formerly termed "arts").
306:
A natural article, even if subjected to a process, as when the rind of an orange is impregnated with borax to prevent decay, is not an article of manufacture. Thus, in
315:
rind. There is no change in the name, appearance, or general character of the fruit. It remains a fresh orange, fit only for the same beneficial uses as theretofore.
182:
381:
Walker on
Patents maintains that alloys, as such, are compositions of matter, whereas articles made from alloys are articles of manufacture. See 1 A. Deller,
146:
131:
177:
206:
187:
166:
53:
172:
161:
141:
58:
427:
199:
33:
319:
A signal is not an article of manufacture because intangible, incorporeal, transitory entities are not articles of manufacture.
258:
136:
238:) is one of the four principal categories of things that may be patented. The other three are a process (also termed a
328:
227:
19:
298:
ed., 1895). These definitions address "articles" of "manufacture" as being tangible articles or commodities.
295:
247:
79:
43:
105:
346:
The first patent statute permitted a patent on "any art, manufacture, engine, machine or device."
351:
347:
38:
243:
84:
239:
110:
89:
421:
156:
151:
115:
278:, 283 U.S. 1, 11 (1931). The term is used in the statute in its noun form,
412:In re Nuitjen, 500 F.3d 1346 (Fed. Cir. 2007).
207:
8:
308:American Fruit Growers, Inc. v. Brogdex Co.
276:American Fruit Growers, Inc. v. Brogdex Co.
214:
200:
15:
132:United States Patent and Trademark Office
339:
123:
97:
66:
25:
18:
7:
274:, 447 U.S. 303, 308 (1980) (quoting
167:Manual of Patent Examining Procedure
59:Title 35 of the United States Code
14:
290:of clothing; salt is a necessary
34:American Inventors Protection Act
280:Bayer AG v. Housey Pharms., Inc.
363:500 F.3d 1346 (Fed. Cir. 2007).
54:Leahy–Smith America Invents Act
259:United States Court of Appeals
1:
354:§ 1, 1 Stat. 318, 319 (1793).
137:Patent Trial and Appeal Board
294:" 1 Century Dictionary 326 (
329:Printed matter (patent law)
444:
310:, the Supreme Court held:
428:United States patent law
228:United States patent law
188:List of patent law cases
20:United States patent law
317:
300:
296:William Dwight Whitney
272:Diamond v. Chakrabarty
232:article of manufacture
75:Article of manufacture
67:Types of patent claims
385:126–27 (2d ed. 1964).
312:
267:
248:composition of matter
80:Composition of matter
44:Invention Secrecy Act
286:of merchandise; an
106:Inter partes review
403:283 U.S. at 11-12.
394:283 U.S. 1 (1931).
352:Patent Act of 1793
348:Patent Act of 1790
178:Biological patents
383:Walker on Patents
224:
223:
435:
413:
410:
404:
401:
395:
392:
386:
379:
373:
370:
364:
361:
355:
344:
216:
209:
202:
183:Software patents
49:Hatch-Waxman Act
16:
443:
442:
438:
437:
436:
434:
433:
432:
418:
417:
416:
411:
407:
402:
398:
393:
389:
380:
376:
372:500 F.3d at __.
371:
367:
362:
358:
345:
341:
337:
325:
263:Federal Circuit
234:(also termed a
220:
111:Markman hearing
12:
11:
5:
441:
439:
431:
430:
420:
419:
415:
414:
405:
396:
387:
374:
365:
356:
338:
336:
333:
332:
331:
324:
321:
222:
221:
219:
218:
211:
204:
196:
193:
192:
191:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
164:
162:Term of patent
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
126:
125:
121:
120:
119:
118:
113:
108:
100:
99:
95:
94:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
69:
68:
64:
63:
62:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
28:
27:
23:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
440:
429:
426:
425:
423:
409:
406:
400:
397:
391:
388:
384:
378:
375:
369:
366:
360:
357:
353:
349:
343:
340:
334:
330:
327:
326:
322:
320:
316:
311:
309:
304:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
266:
264:
260:
256:
255:In re Nuitjen
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
217:
212:
210:
205:
203:
198:
197:
195:
194:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
129:
128:
127:
122:
117:
116:Reexamination
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
103:
102:
101:
96:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
72:
71:
70:
65:
60:
57:
55:
52:
50:
47:
45:
42:
40:
39:Bayh–Dole Act
37:
35:
32:
31:
30:
29:
24:
21:
17:
408:
399:
390:
382:
377:
368:
359:
342:
318:
313:
307:
305:
301:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
268:
254:
252:
235:
231:
225:
147:Infringement
124:Other topics
74:
236:manufacture
26:Legislation
335:References
142:Exhaustion
98:Procedures
422:Category
323:See also
292:article.
261:for the
246:, and a
288:article
284:article
244:machine
173:History
85:Machine
265:said:
257:, the
240:method
169:(MPEP)
157:Racism
152:Misuse
90:Method
242:), a
230:, an
253:In
226:In
424::
215:e
208:t
201:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.