415:
435:
298:
475:
455:
395:
495:
210:
167:
71:
187:
414:
230:
28:
245:), weighing up to 3 tonnes and firing stone balls of up to 150 kg (300 lbs), which seem to have been more prevalent among the French than among the English until 1420. Such bombards were often made by welding bars of wrought iron together and holding them inside circular
474:
434:
494:
145:, French troops successfully breached the walls of the fortress with guns weighing over 1 ton, and firing 50 kg stone balls. The English trailed behind French developments in the area and only had a few such weapons before 1400.
454:
424:, wrought iron, the second half of the 15th century. Length: 1m, caliber:35cm, weight: 600kg. In this weapon, the powder chamber was cast from molten metal, while the barrel was constructed
394:
619:
166:
209:
808:
388:
Artillery also started to affect military architecture, leading to the development of lower, thicker walls in order to better resist the effect of cannonballs.
612:
297:
906:
287:
81:
The 14th century saw considerable development of the new weapons in France and in
Western Europe in general, especially with the outbreak of the
911:
628:
605:
931:
186:
125:
and the resumption of the war in 1369. Until 1370, cannons were essentially small weapons of 10 to 20 kg (20 to 40 lbs), made of
901:
876:
382:
801:
265:(English "fowlers") were developed, up to 2 meters (8 feet) long, and weighing from 150 kg to several tonnes, while the
286:
in 1429, in which both the
English and the French side are depicted with firearms. French cannon killed the English commander
946:
936:
322:, continued to be used on a wide scale, sometimes even by mounted soldiers. Small portable arms were also developed such as
926:
921:
967:
794:
972:
841:
237:
By the early 15th century, both armies had a wide variety of gunpowder weapons. Large guns were developed, known as
896:
445:
20:
564:
200:
142:
501:
74:
114:
in 1347. "Ribaldis" were first mentioned in the
English Privy Wardrobe accounts during preparations for the
97:
886:
881:
111:
672:
377:
and during the Norman
Campaign (1449–1450). French artillery was used with great efficiency at the 1453
358:
103:
441:
122:
82:
481:
89:
916:
866:
836:
765:
378:
283:
32:
831:
177:
88:
Cannons were soon used at sea, with ships being used as a firing platform. Small guns projecting
47:
267:
115:
107:
70:
846:
698:
647:
405:
192:
59:
589:
553:
488:. Length: 2m, caliber: 486mm, weight: 1,500kg, ammunition: 130kg stone ball, range: 100-200m.
62:
were introduced. At this early stage, cannon would fire either stone balls or metal pellets.
770:
652:
381:, in which grouped and entrenched cannons decimated the English army, killing the commander
238:
196:
374:
871:
728:
351:
153:
93:
861:
851:
961:
343:
121:
Cannons evolved considerably towards the end of the century with the collapse of the
856:
718:
677:
461:
347:
330:
315:
134:
468:, circa 1450. Length: 0.82m, caliber: 175mm, weight: 200kg, ammunition: 6kg stone.
444:" in wrought iron, 1410. Length: 72cm, caliber: 38mm, weight: 41.190kg. This is a
713:
708:
703:
362:
291:
157:
597:
891:
667:
662:
421:
308:
261:
173:
55:
775:
760:
682:
324:
303:
149:
148:
By the end of the century, new firearm types appeared, such as a variety of
138:
39:
342:
during the
Hundred Years' War. In contrast, cannon took on a major role in
229:
27:
723:
657:
642:
485:
401:
370:
339:
319:
246:
42:
began to be used in France in the 14th century. The first depiction of a
506:
Dictionnaire raisonné de l'architecture française du XIe au XVIe siècle
335:
786:
130:
43:
366:
296:
228:
126:
69:
26:
307:, caliber 130mm, length 1.07m, wrought iron, early 15th century,
282:
The first
Western image of a battle with cannon goes back to the
941:
465:
790:
601:
160:. These complemented, but did not replace, heavier artillery.
253:, similar to that involving the manufacture of wine barrels (
294:
used cannon effectively during the Loire campaign in 1429.
334:. They were not able, however, to replace the widespread
77:'s impression of late medieval artillery in action (1856)
31:
Depiction of artillery in a 1490s illustration of the
947:
Camion équipé d'un système d'artillerie CAESAR (2008)
753:
737:
691:
635:
133:. After that point, larger guns appeared, made of
52:De nobilitatibus, sapientiis, et prudentiis regum
346:, where they came to replace traditional wooden
275:were shorter (4 to 8 feet) and lighter than the
365:. Artillery was key to the French successes at
802:
613:
8:
545:
543:
809:
795:
787:
620:
606:
598:
581:
579:
577:
575:
573:
541:
539:
537:
535:
533:
531:
529:
527:
525:
523:
500:Various pieces of medieval artillery from
219:with its wooden pole, France, 1390-1400.
54:. Small rudimentary weapons such as the
519:
390:
162:
92:or lead pellets were used at the 1340
587:Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War
551:Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War
7:
932:Mk 61 105 mm self-propelled howitzer
480:Wrought iron bombard, circa 1450,
14:
357:From the 1430s, the artillery of
493:
473:
453:
433:
413:
393:
208:
185:
165:
16:Developments in French artillery
1:
361:was managed by Master Gunner
629:Artillery of the Middle Ages
106:used similar weapons at the
937:Obusier de Modèle 50 (1950)
912:Mortier de Schneider (1915)
907:Canon de St. Chamond (1915)
141:. During the 1375 siege of
989:
927:Obusier de 105 modèle 1950
867:Canon de l’Empereur (1853)
318:, the ancestors of modern
18:
902:Canon de Schneider (1912)
842:de Vallière system (1732)
832:Calibres de France (1552)
822:
446:breech-loading swivel gun
233:15th-century culveriners.
225:15th-century developments
98:French defence of Tournai
66:14th-century developments
21:Cannon in the Middle Ages
847:Gribeauval system (1776)
350:of the types used since
143:Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte
922:Canon de Bourges (1935)
882:Lahitolle system (1873)
877:de Reffye system (1870)
400:Small cannons and hand
176:, described in 1326 by
118:between 1345 and 1346.
887:de Bange system (1875)
872:La Hitte system (1858)
311:
234:
78:
46:in Europe appeared in
36:
852:Year XI system (1803)
502:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
300:
249:, a process known as
232:
75:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
73:
30:
482:La Chapelle-aux-Naux
301:Powder chamber of a
172:Reconstitution of a
110:in 1346, and in the
968:Artillery of France
917:Canon de GPF (1917)
862:Valée system (1828)
857:Paixhans gun (1823)
817:Artillery of France
766:Medieval technology
379:Battle of Castillon
973:Medieval artillery
897:Canon de 75 (1897)
420:Bombarde-Mortier,
312:
235:
178:Walter de Milemete
123:Treaty of Brétigny
83:Hundred Years' War
79:
48:Walter de Milemete
37:
955:
954:
784:
783:
699:Pumhart von Steyr
980:
892:Canet gun (1880)
811:
804:
797:
788:
771:Medieval warfare
622:
615:
608:
599:
592:
585:John A. Wagner,
583:
568:
565:Musée de l'Armée
562:
556:
549:John A. Wagner,
547:
497:
477:
457:
437:
417:
404:, 15th century.
397:
284:Siege of Orléans
212:
201:Musée de l'Armée
189:
169:
100:in August 1340.
58:or the portable
33:Siege of Orléans
988:
987:
983:
982:
981:
979:
978:
977:
958:
957:
956:
951:
818:
815:
785:
780:
749:
733:
729:Dardanelles Gun
687:
673:Perrier à boîte
631:
626:
596:
595:
584:
571:
563:
559:
548:
521:
516:
509:
498:
489:
478:
469:
458:
449:
442:Perrier à boîte
438:
429:
418:
409:
398:
227:
220:
213:
204:
190:
181:
170:
116:Battle of Crécy
112:Siege of Calais
108:Battle of Crécy
94:Battle of Sluys
68:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
986:
984:
976:
975:
970:
960:
959:
953:
952:
950:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
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919:
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909:
904:
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894:
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869:
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816:
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813:
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773:
768:
763:
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750:
748:
747:
741:
739:
735:
734:
732:
731:
726:
721:
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711:
706:
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695:
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689:
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675:
670:
665:
660:
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610:
602:
594:
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569:
557:
518:
517:
515:
512:
511:
510:
499:
492:
490:
479:
472:
470:
459:
452:
450:
439:
432:
430:
419:
412:
410:
406:Musée de Cluny
399:
392:
288:Thomas Montagu
226:
223:
222:
221:
214:
207:
205:
191:
184:
182:
171:
164:
85:(1337–1453).
67:
64:
19:Main article:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
985:
974:
971:
969:
966:
965:
963:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
837:Keller (1666)
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
821:
812:
807:
805:
800:
798:
793:
792:
789:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
758:
756:
752:
746:
743:
742:
740:
736:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
696:
694:
690:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
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666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
640:
638:
634:
630:
623:
618:
616:
611:
609:
604:
603:
600:
591:
588:
582:
580:
578:
576:
574:
570:
566:
561:
558:
555:
552:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
534:
532:
530:
528:
526:
524:
520:
513:
507:
503:
496:
491:
487:
483:
476:
471:
467:
463:
456:
451:
447:
443:
436:
431:
427:
423:
416:
411:
407:
403:
396:
391:
389:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
348:siege engines
345:
344:siege warfare
341:
337:
333:
332:
327:
326:
321:
317:
310:
306:
305:
299:
295:
293:
289:
285:
280:
278:
274:
270:
269:
264:
263:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
231:
224:
218:
211:
206:
202:
198:
194:
188:
183:
179:
175:
168:
163:
161:
159:
155:
151:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
99:
96:, and in the
95:
91:
86:
84:
76:
72:
65:
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
34:
29:
25:
22:
942:Tr-F1 (1990)
826:
744:
719:Grose Bochse
678:Ribauldequin
636:Weapon types
586:
560:
550:
505:
462:wrought iron
426:"Ă tonoille"
425:
387:
356:
331:couleuvrines
329:
323:
316:hand cannons
313:
302:
281:
276:
272:
266:
260:
259:
254:
251:"Ă tonoille"
250:
242:
236:
216:
158:ribaudequins
147:
135:wrought iron
120:
102:
87:
80:
51:
38:
24:
827:Middle Ages
714:Faule Grete
709:Faule Mette
704:Dulle Griet
692:Famous guns
648:Bâton à feu
383:John Talbot
363:Jean Bureau
359:Charles VII
325:serpentines
292:Joan of Arc
217:bâton à feu
193:Bâton à feu
60:bâton à feu
962:Categories
738:By country
668:Pot-de-fer
663:Fauconneau
277:veuglaires
273:crapaudaux
268:crapaudins
262:Veuglaires
195:, or hand
174:pot-de-fer
104:Edward III
56:pot-de-fer
776:Artillery
761:Gunpowder
683:Veuglaire
464:bombard,
352:antiquity
340:crossbows
314:Portable
304:Veuglaire
290:in 1428.
247:bracelets
243:bombardes
150:hand guns
139:cast iron
40:Artillery
724:Mons Meg
658:Culverin
643:Arquebus
486:Langeais
402:culverin
373:(1441),
371:Pontoise
369:(1439),
336:longbows
320:firearms
255:tonneaux
241:(French
239:bombards
199:(1380).
152:, small
90:quarrels
50:'s 1326
754:Related
653:Bombard
508:(1856).
484:, near
422:La Fère
309:La Fère
197:bombard
154:mortars
35:of 1429
745:France
567:notice
460:Small
131:copper
44:cannon
514:Notes
375:BCaen
367:Meaux
127:brass
590:p.35
554:p.34
466:Metz
328:and
257:).
156:and
504:'s
338:or
271:or
137:or
129:or
964::
572:^
522:^
385:.
354:.
279:.
215:A
810:e
803:t
796:v
621:e
614:t
607:v
448:.
440:"
428:.
408:.
203:.
180:.
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