171:(2002-2003) which is intended to be performed in a house with many rooms so as to allow an âaudienceâ to hear different instrumental groups as they wander from room to room". He has travelled back to Ecuador for concert and teaching activities. He has also worked as a music critic, editor and concert organiser. Rodas's works are published by
143:
He returned to
Ecuador in 1984 where some of his orchestral works were performed by the National Symphony Orchestra conducted by Alvaro Manzano. In Ecuador he became one of the three "notable composers of the following generations". The
1566:
Walker, John L. 2007. "Singing in a
Foreign Land: National Identity and Proximity in Ecuadorian Music". Paper presented at the 2007 Congress of the Latin American Studies Association, Montréal, Canada, September
198:); and unavoidably the meeting point of patterns ("24.5 Preludios for piano", the "Atonal Fugues" and the opera "El Ărbol de los PĂĄjaros"). In that work the plot stems from the interaction music - architecture.
1710:
163:"Arturo Rodas championed a contemporary, universal musical style within his country. A number of his works from this period, such as his aleatoric orchestral piece
1745:
1740:
124:
in London. He has attended short courses at the IRCAM in Paris. While in ParĂs he also attended courses given in several institutions by MichĂšle
Reverdy,
1690:
1675:
1685:
1720:
1735:
1730:
167:(1986), were published in Opus, a music magazine that Rodas co-edited. Since emigrating to England in 1990, he has composed works such as
100:
58:
1725:
1680:
1624:
1536:
1543:
1695:
94:
1715:
1700:
1665:
1705:
98:. Between 1978 and 1980 he was assistant to the French composer José Berghmans in Quito and Paris. He studied at the
1207:
magazine, Central Bank of
Ecuador, vol IX no.26. Edited by Irving IvĂĄn Zapater, September/December 1986: pp 387-402.
1643:
1670:
1618:
1750:
1213:
1251:
Magazine, No. 31 (monographic), edited by Arturo Rodas. Central Bank of
Ecuador, January 1989.
1478:
1339:
117:
88:
Rodas studied at the
National Conservatory in Quito, took private composition lessons with
1335:
1243:
1226:
109:
89:
137:
121:
105:
1659:
1532:
129:
125:
113:
148:
issued a two-disk recording of Rodas works in 1988 as volume one of the series
201:
133:
80:(born 3 March 1954, in Quito) is an Ecuadorian-born French-citizen composer.
1630:
1559:
Walker, John L. 2001. "The
Younger Generation of Ecuadorian Composers".
1539:. London: Macmillan Publishers; New York: Grove's Dictionaries of Music.
1481:, J. Campoverde, P. Freire, L. EnrĂquez, E. Flores-Abad & M. EstĂ©vez
1477:, for Flute, English horn, Clarinet & Violoncello. Other works by:
1320:
OSN (National
Symphony Orchestra of Ecuador) conducted by Ălvaro Manzano
29:
158:
Arcaica, ClĂmax, Andino III, iOh. ...!, Mordente, Espacios
Invertidos
48:
1235:
Magazine No. 15, September 1987: pp 20-21. Re-printed from magazine
1275:
scholarship to study with
Luciano Berio in Aix-en-Provence, France.
207:
Suite in 4 movements, for piano & cd. Pianist: Francis Yang
1649:
1334:, for percussion & orchestra. Other works by: M. Estévez,
112:
as his mentor. In 1983 he attended a composition course with
1556:(CONMUSICA). Edited by Pablo Guerrero Gutierrez. Quito, 2003.
1484:
Ensemble SurPlus, Freiburg/Germany, conducted by James Avery
1509:), suite for piano & tape, (1st. y 2nd. movements)
1264:
1983 International contest for orchestral composition
104:
from 1979-84. There he graduated in counterpoint (
64:
54:
43:
35:
25:
18:
356:(colour & score) by the painter Ana Placencia
492:, for narrator, electroacoustics & orchestra
1529:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
1527:BĂ©hague, Gerard. 2001. "Ecuador. Art Music".
116:. He also studied electroacoustic music with
1285:1989-90 Grant from the UNESCO to write music.
8:
1042:, for pre-recorded soprano, tape & film
1493:International Biennial of Painting, Cuenca
1293:
1221:Magazine No. 15, September 1987: pp 17-19.
1001:, 4 pieces dor for piano, tape & film
214:
182:Patterns: personal vision of his sources (
15:
1646:Contemporary Publishing House, Barcelona.
277:, concerto for percussion & orchestra
1711:Ăcole Normale de Musique de Paris alumni
906:, opera for the voice of the instruments
150:Compositores ecuatorianos contemporĂĄneos
1576:
74:Ecuadorian-born French-citizen composer
1261:1980-84 French Government scholarship.
600:, for saxophone piano & percussion
1550:Enciclopedia de la mĂșsica ecuatoriana
1515:Redasla, CD code 3447972495), Mexico
1323:Famoso (record No. 3200027), Ecuador
379:orchestral music made for the second
7:
1554:CorporaciĂłn MusicolĂłgica Ecuatoriana
1159:, transcription for oboe and piano.
528:for soloists, choir & orchestra
92:, and also graduated in Law at the
1746:21st-century French male musicians
1741:20th-century French male musicians
376:, for orchestra & visual arts
14:
1563:22, no. 2 (Fall/Winter): 199â213.
582:, for Chamber orchestra and choir
349:, for clarinet & visual arts
192:Fibris, Ramificaciones Temporales
101:Ăcole Normale de Musique de Paris
59:Ăcole Normale de Musique de Paris
39:Composer and University Professor
1691:21st-century classical composers
1676:20th-century classical composers
1358:, for percussion & orchestra
1198:AnĂĄlisis de la forma musical de
196:Obsesiva, La, MelodĂas de CĂĄmara
1686:French male classical composers
1546:for Periferia Music, Barcelona.
1412:OSN conducted by Ălvaro Manzano
1378:OSN conducted by Alvaro Manzano
1361:OSN conducted by Ălvaro Manzano
1344:OSN conducted by Ălvaro Manzano
963:instrumental (electroacoustic)
108:'s class) and composition with
95:Universidad Central del Ecuador
1721:Ecuadorian emigrants to France
1004:(films by Rupert Davies-Cooke)
1:
1736:21st-century French composers
1731:20th-century French composers
1347:Ifesa (LP 301-0293), Ecuador
1045:(film by Rupert Davies-Cooke)
986:electroacoustic (multimedia)
981:(film by Rupert Davies-Cooke)
495:orchestral (electroacoustic)
1531:, second edition, edited by
1305:
1561:Latin American Music Review
1296:
546:, for choir & orchestra
510:, for choir & orchestra
184:Andino I-Andino IV, LaĂșdico
1767:
1681:French classical composers
1652:internet publishers, Paris
1631:Recordings of Rodas' works
1429:Pablo Valarezo, percussion
1009:instrumental (multimedia)
870:, transcription for guitar
852:, transcription for guitar
1229:en la encrucijada musical
909:instrumental (multimedia)
347:Ramificaciones Temporales
186:); sound-mass polyphony (
169:The Book of the Orchestra
146:Banco Central del Ecuador
1280:Ăcole Normale de Musique
940:sol-fa-mi-ré-é-do-o-la-a
778:El llanto del disco duro
352:solo music made for the
120:(CERM in Metz) and with
1726:Pupils of GĂ©rard Grisey
1392:, for clarinets quartet
1256:Scholarships and awards
904:El Ărbol de los PĂĄjaros
708:, for chamber orchestra
438:, for chamber orchestra
387:orchestral (multimedia)
1696:French opera composers
1446:Luciano Carrera, flute
978:, for tape & film
960:, for piano & tape
942:, for choir a cappella
924:, for choir a cappella
672:, for clarinet quartet
634:Espacios invertidos II
295:, for clarinet quartet
1644:PERIFERIA Sheet Music
1542:Campos, Jorge. 2008,
1338:, D. Luzuriaga &
922:Il Ă©tait une fois ...
1716:Musicians from Quito
1701:Male opera composers
1666:Ecuadorian composers
1583:BĂ©hague 2001, 7:872.
1487:Sumak, CD. Edition:
1466:Ifesa (LP 338-0409)
1463:Christo Iliev, piano
1449:Ifesa (LP 338-0409)
1432:Ifesa (LP 338-0409)
1415:Ifesa (LP-388-0408)
1398:Ifesa (LP 338-0409)
1381:Ifesa (LP-388-0408)
1364:Ifesa (LP-388-0408)
1177:, for string quartet
1081:Reflejos en la Noche
711:orchestral (chamber)
564:, for string quartet
441:orchestral (chamber)
194:); formal research (
1706:Composers for piano
1613:Data and recordings
1512:Francis Yang, piano
1424:Espacios Invertidos
1144:instrumental (duo)
1119:, for 3 percussions
1065:, for winds quartet
1050:vocal (multimedia)
976:Fermez les yeux svp
760:Fermez les yeux svp
585:orchestral (choral)
549:orchestral (choral)
531:orchestral (choral)
513:orchestral (choral)
329:Espacios Invertidos
1621:composer's website
1489:C.C.E.N. del Azuay
1162:instrumental (duo)
706:Full Moon Business
621:solo (violoncelle)
477:solo (violoncelle)
436:MelodĂas de CĂĄmara
1627:Digi-Arts, Unesco
1592:Walker 2001, 202.
1519:
1518:
1214:MesĂas Maiguashca
1188:
1187:
1101:, for contratenor
693:solo (percussion)
639:solo (percussion)
618:, for violoncelle
474:, for violoncelle
361:solo (multimedia)
334:solo (percussion)
188:EntropĂa, Arcaica
118:Mesias Maiguashca
72:
71:
1758:
1602:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1426:, for percussion
1294:
1239:, November 1987.
819:solo (mandoline)
690:, for percussion
636:, for percussion
331:, for percussion
313:, for orchestra
215:
175:(Barcelona) and
16:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1656:
1655:
1640:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1524:
1458:ÂĄ Oh ... !
1409:, for orchestra
1375:, for orchestra
1317:, for orchestra
1292:
1273:Centre Acanthes
1258:
1244:Luis H. Salgado
1227:Gerardo Guevara
1224:Rodas, Arturo.
1210:Rodas, Arturo.
1196:Rodas, Arturo.
1193:
1099:Papeleo sin fin
999:Life Class 2005
816:, for mandoline
783:electroacoustic
765:electroacoustic
747:electroacoustic
402:, for orchestra
241:, for orchestra
213:
190:); aleatorism (
173:Periferia Music
152:. Included are
110:Yoshihisa Taira
90:Gerardo Guevara
86:
75:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1764:
1762:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1647:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1608:External links
1606:
1604:
1603:
1594:
1585:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1557:
1547:
1540:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1485:
1482:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1395:Miguel Jimenez
1393:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1240:
1222:
1208:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1175:Fuga Atonal II
1172:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
996:
992:
991:
989:
987:
984:
983:
982:
973:
969:
968:
966:
964:
961:
955:
951:
950:
948:
946:
943:
937:
933:
932:
930:
928:
925:
919:
915:
914:
912:
910:
907:
901:
897:
896:
894:
892:
889:
883:
879:
878:
876:
874:
871:
865:
861:
860:
858:
856:
853:
847:
843:
842:
840:
838:
835:
829:
825:
824:
822:
820:
817:
811:
807:
806:
804:
802:
801:solo (trumpet)
799:
793:
789:
788:
786:
784:
781:
775:
771:
770:
768:
766:
763:
757:
753:
752:
750:
748:
745:
739:
735:
734:
732:
730:
727:
721:
717:
716:
714:
712:
709:
703:
699:
698:
696:
694:
691:
685:
681:
680:
678:
676:
673:
667:
663:
662:
660:
658:
655:
649:
645:
644:
642:
640:
637:
631:
627:
626:
624:
622:
619:
613:
609:
608:
606:
604:
601:
595:
591:
590:
588:
586:
583:
577:
573:
572:
570:
568:
565:
559:
555:
554:
552:
550:
547:
541:
537:
536:
534:
532:
529:
523:
519:
518:
516:
514:
511:
505:
501:
500:
498:
496:
493:
487:
483:
482:
480:
478:
475:
469:
465:
464:
462:
460:
457:
451:
447:
446:
444:
442:
439:
433:
429:
428:
426:
424:
423:solo (trumpet)
421:
415:
411:
410:
408:
406:
403:
397:
393:
392:
390:
388:
385:
384:
383:
371:
367:
366:
364:
362:
359:
358:
357:
344:
340:
339:
337:
335:
332:
326:
322:
321:
319:
317:
314:
308:
304:
303:
301:
299:
296:
290:
286:
285:
283:
281:
278:
272:
268:
267:
265:
263:
260:
254:
250:
249:
247:
245:
242:
236:
232:
231:
228:
225:
222:
219:
212:
209:
138:Iannis Xenakis
122:Phil Wachsmann
106:Ginette Keller
85:
82:
73:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
32:
27:
23:
22:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1763:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1671:Living people
1669:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1598:
1595:
1589:
1586:
1580:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1533:Stanley Sadie
1530:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1507:Piece of Cake
1504:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1479:M. Maiguashca
1476:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1340:M. Maiguashca
1337:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1228:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1157:Fuga Atonal I
1155:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1135:Fuga Atonal I
1133:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1003:
1002:
1000:
997:
994:
993:
990:
988:
985:
980:
979:
977:
974:
971:
970:
967:
965:
962:
959:
958:Piece of Cake
956:
953:
952:
949:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
934:
931:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
916:
913:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:, for soprano
887:
884:
881:
880:
877:
875:
873:solo (guitar)
872:
869:
866:
863:
862:
859:
857:
855:solo (guitar)
854:
851:
848:
845:
844:
841:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
826:
823:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:, for trumpet
797:
794:
791:
790:
787:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
772:
769:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
754:
751:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
736:
733:
731:
728:
725:
724:24.5 Preludes
722:
719:
718:
715:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
700:
697:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
682:
679:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
664:
661:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
646:
643:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
628:
625:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
610:
607:
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
592:
589:
587:
584:
581:
580:HabĂa una vez
578:
575:
574:
571:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
556:
553:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
538:
535:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
520:
517:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
502:
499:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
484:
481:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
466:
463:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
448:
445:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:, for trumpet
419:
416:
413:
412:
409:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
394:
391:
389:
386:
382:
378:
377:
375:
372:
369:
368:
365:
363:
360:
355:
351:
350:
348:
345:
342:
341:
338:
336:
333:
330:
327:
324:
323:
320:
318:
315:
312:
309:
306:
305:
302:
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
287:
284:
282:
279:
276:
273:
270:
269:
266:
264:
261:
258:
255:
252:
251:
248:
246:
243:
240:
237:
234:
233:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
216:
210:
208:
206:
205:
204:Piece of Cake
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
161:
159:
156:, along with
155:
151:
147:
141:
139:
135:
131:
130:Gerard Grisey
127:
126:Pierre Boulez
123:
119:
115:
114:Luciano Berio
111:
107:
103:
102:
97:
96:
91:
83:
81:
79:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
31:
28:
24:
17:
1650:Virtualscore
1633:Reverbnation
1625:Arturo Rodas
1619:Arturo Rodas
1601:Walker 2007.
1597:
1588:
1579:
1560:
1553:
1549:
1537:John Tyrrell
1528:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1488:
1474:
1457:
1440:
1423:
1406:
1389:
1372:
1355:
1331:
1314:
1282:scholarship.
1279:
1272:
1265:
1248:
1242:
1237:Impulso 2000
1236:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1199:
1197:
1180:instrumental
1174:
1156:
1138:
1134:
1122:instrumental
1116:
1098:
1086:solo (piano)
1083:, for piano.
1080:
1068:instrumental
1062:
1039:
1027:solo (organ)
1021:
998:
975:
957:
939:
921:
903:
885:
867:
849:
831:
813:
795:
777:
759:
741:
729:solo (piano)
723:
705:
687:
675:instrumental
669:
657:solo (flute)
651:
633:
616:Obstinado II
615:
603:instrumental
597:
579:
567:instrumental
561:
543:
525:
507:
489:
471:
459:solo (piano)
454:ÂĄ Oh !
453:
435:
418:ÂĄ Oh !
417:
399:
380:
373:
353:
346:
328:
310:
298:instrumental
292:
274:
262:solo (flute)
256:
238:
203:
200:
195:
191:
187:
183:
181:
177:Virtualscore
176:
172:
168:
164:
162:
157:
153:
149:
145:
142:
99:
93:
87:
78:Arturo Rodas
77:
76:
20:Arturo Rodas
1751:1954 births
1460:, for piano
1443:, for flute
1290:Discography
1266:Max Deutsch
1212:La hora de
1141:& piano
1137:, for oboe
1024:, for organ
868:MandolĂnico
837:solo (lute)
814:MandolĂnico
726:, for piano
670:Mordente II
654:, for flute
456:, for piano
259:, for flute
227:Information
224:Description
44:Citizenship
1660:Categories
1503:Pan Comido
1441:Andino III
1336:G. Guevara
1303:Performers
886:Ta-i-a-o-a
834:, for lute
780:, for tape
762:, for tape
744:, for tape
562:A, B, C, D
405:orchestral
381:coloritura
354:Coloritura
316:orchestral
280:orchestral
257:Andino III
244:orchestral
134:Guy Reibel
36:Occupation
1315:GĂŒilli Gu
1200:GĂŒilli Gu
1117:Ricercare
1022:Organillo
742:Bailecito
652:Andino IV
508:Introitus
472:Obstinado
374:GĂŒilli Gu
230:Duration
179:(Paris).
84:Biography
55:Education
47:Ecuador,
1390:Mordente
1278:1983-84
1268:, Paris.
1191:Writings
1040:The Walk
796:Buñuelos
490:Obsesiva
293:Mordente
239:EntropĂa
1522:Sources
1491:** and
1475:AnĂłnimo
1356:Arcaica
1332:Arcaica
1306:Record
1205:Cultura
1139:d'amore
1063:AnĂłnimo
850:LaĂșdico
832:LaĂșdico
598:Andante
275:Arcaica
202:Audio:
30:Ecuador
1638:Scores
1407:Fibris
1373:ClĂmax
688:Lieder
526:Kyrie,
400:Fibris
311:ClĂmax
165:Fibris
154:Fibris
49:France
1572:Notes
1271:1983
1104:vocal
945:vocal
927:vocal
891:vocal
211:Works
68:Opera
65:Genre
1567:5â7.
1544:note
1535:and
1499:2008
1471:2008
1454:1988
1437:1988
1420:1988
1403:1988
1386:1988
1369:1988
1352:1988
1328:1987
1311:1986
1300:Work
1297:Year
1249:Opus
1233:Opus
1219:Opus
1171:2008
1153:2008
1131:2008
1113:2008
1095:2007
1077:2007
1059:2007
1036:2007
1018:2005
995:2005
972:2004
954:2004
936:2003
918:2003
900:2003
882:2002
864:2002
846:2002
828:2002
810:2002
792:2002
774:2001
756:2001
738:2001
720:1999
702:1997
684:1996
666:1993
648:1992
630:1992
612:1992
594:1991
576:1990
558:1989
540:1988
522:1988
504:1987
486:1987
468:1987
450:1987
432:1987
414:1986
396:1986
370:1985
343:1985
325:1985
307:1985
289:1984
271:1984
253:1983
235:1981
221:Work
218:Year
136:and
26:Born
1231:,
1217:,
160:".
128:,
1662::
1552:.
1247:.
1203:.
544:La
140:.
132:,
1505:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.