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333:(known as late cuckoo pint) has faint pale veins, and the leaves may have dark spots. Nonetheless, intermediates between these two subspecies also occur, and their distinctiveness has been questioned. Some gardeners use this arum to underplant with
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390:
kill the foliage of the plant, but may not affect the tuber. Manual control may spread the plants through the dissemination of soil contaminated with bulb and root fragments.
515:
1290:
644:
Govaerts, R. & Frodin, D.G. (2002). World
Checklist and Bibliography of Araceae (and Acoraceae): 1-560. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
527:
1368:
1010:
864:
602:
662:
Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
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It grows 30–46 cm (1–1.5 ft) high, with equal spread. It blooms in spring with white flowers that turn to showy red fruit.
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Prakash Raju, K. N. J.; Goel, Kishen; Anandhi, D.; Pandit, Vinay R.; Surendar, R.; Sasikumar, M. (2018).
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Leaves, fruits and rhizomes contain compounds that make them poisonous. Notably, the plants are rich in
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Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2008). Flora
Iberica 18: 1-420. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.
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240:
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293:. The ingestion of the plant may be fatal, as it affects the kidneys, digestive tract, and brain.
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Wilhelm
Pfeffer, The Physiology of Plants: A Treatise Upon the Metabolism and ..., Volume 3
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generally has a chromosome count of 2n = 84, except that a few subspecies (such as subsp.
220:
83:
671:
1430:
747:
712:
418:
248:
70:
1435:
682:
Meeuse, B.J.D. 1975. Films of liquid crystals as an aid in pollination studies. In
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P.A. Stroh; T. A. Humphrey; R.J. Burkmar; O.L. Pescott; D.B. Roy; K.J. Walker (eds.).
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and northern Africa. It is also naturalized in
Belgium, the Netherlands,
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438:(Macaronesia), is uncertain and they may represent independent species.
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of the United States. It is very difficult to control once established.
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256:
252:
224:
213:
116:
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690:, pp 19-20. Nijmegen. The Netherlands: Dep. Botany, Univ. Nijmegen.
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Plantsman v13:3, p142, September 2014; Royal
Horticultural Society
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withers away, the arum replaces it in early winter, maintaining
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126:
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Missouri
Botanical Garden - Kemper Center for Home Gardening
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International
Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science
672:
Biota of North
America Program, 2013 county distribution map
713:"Wild tuber poisoning: Arum maculatum – A rare case report"
786:"Taxonomy and Nomenclature in Some Species of the Genus
925:
West
Multnomah Soil & Water Conservation District
422:. The status of two subspecies currently included in
1041:
909:
National Park
Service, Exotic Plant Management Team
817:Boyce, P.C. (2002). "Arum - a Decade of Change".
339:, as they produce foliage sequentially: when the
16:Species of flowering plant in the family Araceae
351:have been developed for garden use, of which
8:
774:at aphotoflora.com: retrieved 3 October 2020
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267:and scattered locations in North America.
31:
20:
836:Boyce, P.C. (2006). "New Observations on
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1511:e9b698d8-9a1a-4a69-b8d6-022f77a8c93d
1384:be88edcc-ccc7-4e36-bc73-ef2c7de69943
432:(Crimea to the Caucasus) and subsp.
951:. Whatcom County Noxious Weed Board
382:in some areas, particularly in the
1020:Invasive Plant Atlas Italian arum
945:"Control Options for Italian Arum"
14:
329:on the leaves, whilst subspecies
526:
514:
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478:
466:
44:
1462:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:86047-1
533:Leaves of cultivar 'Marmoratum'
1:
862:Clark County Master Gardeners
587:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
286:of this plant produces heat.
625:BSBI Online Plant Atlas 2020
460:Maturing in Thessaly, Greece
359:'Marmoratum' has gained the
1595:Taxa named by Philip Miller
361:Royal Horticultural Society
321:(the one normally grown in
1611:
949:Whatcom County, Washington
730:10.4103/IJCIIS.IJCIIS_9_18
585:Plants of the World Online
684:Pollination and Dispersal
179:
172:
155:
148:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
1570:Plants described in 1768
233:Italian lords-and-ladies
1580:Garden plants of Europe
921:"Invasive Italian arum"
325:) has distinctive pale
301:It is cultivated as an
881:"RHS Plant Selector -
686:, ed N.B.M. Brantjes,
521:Botanical illustration
461:
235:. It is native to the
973:Boyce, Peter (1993).
867:July 5, 2015, at the
459:
365:Award of Garden Merit
605:. accessed 11.1.2011
402:belongs to subgenus
305:for traditional and
241:Mediterranean region
190:(Mill.) O.Targ.Tozz.
416:may hybridize with
784:C T Prime (1961).
462:
398:Within the genus,
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1405:Open Tree of Life
1035:Taxon identifiers
384:Pacific Northwest
282:noticed that the
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448:) have 2n = 56.
371:Invasive species
303:ornamental plant
239:and much of the
227:, also known as
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141:A. italicum
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223:in the family
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889:'Marmoratum'"
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150:Binomial name
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1585:Plant toxins
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953:. Retrieved
948:
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509:Ripe berries
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229:Italian arum
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198:(Mill.) Raf.
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1590:Neurotoxins
1343:NatureServe
1255:iNaturalist
1067:Wikispecies
955:18 February
894:19 February
848:(1): 36–39.
803:(2): 106–9.
446:albispathum
442:A. italicum
429:albispathum
400:A. italicum
353:A. italicum
347:. Numerous
297:Cultivation
271:Description
265:New Zealand
107:Alismatales
84:Angiosperms
1554:Categories
1431:Plant List
1127:Calflora:
930:2021-02-13
825:: 132–139.
603:MBG- hort.
539:References
435:canariense
406:, section
388:Herbicides
314:Subspecies
218:herbaceous
1436:kew-16186
1208:242416102
819:Aroideana
739:2229-5151
426:, subsp.
349:cultivars
331:neglectum
278:In 1778,
261:Argentina
135:Species:
54:Kingdom:
1506:VicFlora
1495:VASCAN:
1483:Tropicos
1348:2.153392
1296:10245273
1151:eFloraSA
1104:BioLib:
1052:Wikidata
887:italicum
865:Archived
797:Watsonia
757:29963416
394:Taxonomy
380:invasive
357:italicum
318:italicum
307:woodland
291:oxalates
245:Caucasus
187:italicum
174:Synonyms
113:Family:
97:Monocots
1488:2101887
1330:MoBotPF
1283:86047-1
1234:5330661
1169:1133297
885:subsp.
748:6018264
452:Gallery
378:can be
355:subsp.
280:Lamarck
257:Austria
253:Madeira
225:Araceae
214:species
123:Genus:
117:Araceae
103:Order:
58:Plantae
1537:425930
1444:PLANTS
1381:NZOR:
1335:276326
1309:112461
1247:406582
1195:185838
1120:288602
1107:195987
1097:102752
1084:156189
1081:APDB:
1058:Q30968
981:
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