33:
63:
530:, which are produced from pycnidia, and are dispersed by rainsplash to infect leaves. Infections lead to leaf spots which eventually develop into lesions. Black pycnidia can be observed in lesions. Secondary infection occurs when pycnidia produce more conidia during the growing season that are again dispersed by rainsplash and spread to new leaves for infection. The fungus overwinters as
601:
41.8%. Applying fungicides at the beginning of the season reduces the number of sporulating pycnidia and mycelium that overwintered. Sanitation through removing all plant debris from the field at the end of the season reduces the inoculum for the following season. Reduced irrigation prevents the
550:
Leaf spotting symptoms are often associated with high humidity, warm temperatures, dense foliage, and leaves in contact with soil. Because the fungus overwinters in plant debris on or in the soil and conidia are dispersed by rainsplash, initial infections occur on leaves in close proximity to the
610:
The disease is of relatively minor economic importance but is likely to contribute to foliar death in individual crops. Symptoms are often observed later in the season, towards the end of grain filling, when disease is unlikely to cause significant yield loss. The air-borne ascospores have been
505:
and many other grass species found throughout the world. Symptoms are found on lower leaves early in the season and upper leaves later in the season. Lesions are usually elliptical and are initially chlorotic. Later, they develop a brown margin with a white center and split longitudinally.
676:
Asochyta leaf spot. Krupinsky, J.M., Cline, E. 2010. Compendium of Wheat
Diseases and Pests, 3rd Edition. Edited by W.W. Bockus, R.L. Bowden, R.M. Hunger, W.L. Morrill, T.D. Murray, and R.W. Smiley. American Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul. p.
732:
Kutcher, H.R; Johnston, A.M; Bailey, K.L; Malhi, S.S (2011). "Managing crop losses from plant diseases with foliar fungicides, rotation and tillage on a Black
Chernozem in Saskatchewan, Canada".
602:
spread of conidia from infected leaves to healthy leaves by decreasing dispersal of conidia. Removing grassy weeds that can harbor the pathogen also decreases the presence of inoculum.
585:
application, variety selection, irrigation management, tillage to reduce residue, and good grassy weed control. Fungicides that are listed as providing 'Very Good' control of
960:
655:
Ascochyta Leaf Spots of
Cereals and Grasses in the United States. Roderick Sprague and A. G. Johnson. Mycologia, Vol. 42, No. 4 (Jul. - Aug., 1950), pp. 523-553
223:. Numerous revisions to the members of the genus and its description were made for the next several years. Species that are plant pathogenic on cereals include,
1012:
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The fungus often invades damaged leaf tissue caused by physical damage but can also penetrate through natural openings, such as
1096:
1091:
251:
and later become a necrotic brown. Management includes fungicide applications and sanitation of diseased plant tissue debris.
978:
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in later summer. Air-borne ascospores disperse in the fall and may cause primary infections the following season.
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can also cause leaf blight of turf grasses, so its importance is not limited to cereal grain crops.
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leaf spot diseases have not been clearly described. Effective controls for a similar disease,
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http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=193652
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555:. Dense foliage, which promotes high relative humidity, also promotes disease.
745:
535:
193:
94:
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http://www.scottslawnservice.com/sls/templates/index.jsp?pageUrl=slsascochyta
211:
of this genus is still incomplete. The genus was first described in 1830 by
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have also been observed in lesions and have been demonstrated to produce
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http://www.up.poznan.pl/pta/pdf/2013/FA%2030%281%29%202013%20Kosiada.pdf
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leaf blight of turf has become a common, although minor, disease of
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can be found within the lesions are generally black in color.
494:
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247:. Symptoms are usually elliptical spots that are initially
816:
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http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/garden/02901.html
773:, Scotts Lawn Service: Lawn Disease- Ascochyta.
551:soil. High humidity and temperature promote
8:
804:
31:
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759:http://extension.missouri.edu/p/IPM1029-4
722:, Kosiada, Tomasz, and Lidia Irzykowska.
694:
692:
648:
710:, USDA, Agricultural Research Service.
663:
661:
573:leaf blotch, have been prescribed for
199:, containing several species that are
782:Colorado State University Extension.
254:Some of these pathogens in the genus
7:
1028:099d455a-93ff-4821-adbc-6b382c770815
215:, who regarded the spores as minute
761:, University of Missouri Extension.
686:USDA, Agricultural Research Service
577:leaf spot diseases. These include:
219:and the cell contents as spherical
14:
563:Currently, specific controls for
61:
698:Montana Wheat Production Guide
534:and pycnidia in host debris.
522:. In the spring, the primary
1:
627:lawns in the United States.
667:Cereal Disease Encyclopedia
1113:
799:Information and references
611:implicated in late summer
276:
746:10.1016/j.fcr.2011.05.018
426:, Sorghum rough leaf spot
279:List of Ascochyta species
270:Some selected species of
174:
169:
156:
149:
58:Scientific classification
56:
39:
30:
23:
203:to plants, particularly
469:Ascochyta vindobonensis
1097:Taxa described in 1930
1092:Dothideomycetes genera
481:Hosts species include
317:Ascochyta chrysanthemi
302:Ascochyta boltshauseri
410:, Blight on chickpeas
734:Field Crops Research
589:leaf blotch include
377:Ascochyta imperfecta
287:Ascochyta asparagina
439:Ascochyta spinaciae
395:, Leaf and pod spot
625:Kentucky bluegrass
477:Hosts and symptoms
431:Ascochyta sorghina
400:Ascochyta prasadii
387:, Ascochyta blight
350:Ascochyta gossypii
343:Ascochyta graminea
325:Ascochyta doronici
295:Ascochyta bohemica
290:, Ascochyta blight
1074:
1073:
1036:Open Tree of Life
810:Taxon identifiers
526:is thought to be
455:Ascochyta tritici
434:, Rough leaf spot
384:Ascochyta pinodes
309:Ascochyta caricae
213:Marie-Anne Libert
181:
180:
145:
42:Ascochyta teucrii
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462:Ascochyta viciae
423:Ascochyta sorghi
407:Ascochyta rabiei
370:Ascochyta humuli
363:Ascochyta hordei
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637:Plant pathology
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447:Ascochyta tarda
332:Ascochyta fabae
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105:Dothideomycetes
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793:External links
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392:Ascochyta pisi
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312:, Stem end rot
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277:Main article:
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159:Ascochyta pisi
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16:Genus of fungi
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514:Disease cycle
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356:Phoma exigua
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320:, Ray blight
315:
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262:, including
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207:crops. The
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151:Type species
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134:
115:Pleosporales
40:
24:
18:
948:iNaturalist
842:Wikispecies
553:sporulation
546:Environment
503:turfgrasses
442:, Leaf spot
418:, Leaf spot
232:A. graminea
164:Lib. (1830)
1081:Categories
740:(2): 205.
643:References
606:Importance
597:3.6%, and
559:Management
540:ascospores
536:Perithecia
244:A. tritici
201:pathogenic
194:ascomycete
95:Ascomycota
91:Division:
47:Commanster
1087:Ascochyta
1051:ascochyta
909:FloraBase
848:Ascochyta
818:Ascochyta
621:Ascochyta
617:Ascochyta
583:fungicide
575:Ascochyta
565:Ascochyta
499:triticale
272:Ascochyta
256:Ascochyta
249:chlorotic
238:A. sorghi
226:A. hordei
185:Ascochyta
176:See text
136:Ascochyta
81:Kingdom:
75:Eukaryota
25:Ascochyta
987:MycoBank
922:Fungorum
862:60013968
857:AusFungi
827:Wikidata
631:See also
587:Septoria
570:Septoria
532:mycelium
524:inoculum
508:Pycnidia
209:taxonomy
170:Species
121:Family:
71:Domain:
1041:1085549
966:1009046
940:2566866
593:22.9%,
528:conidia
520:stomata
258:affect
131:Genus:
111:Order:
101:Class:
51:Belgium
1064:100210
1025:NZOR:
979:194416
953:374495
901:1ASCOG
833:Q74663
613:asthma
487:barley
353:, now
336:lentis
334:f.sp.
264:grains
221:spores
205:cereal
144:(1930)
1059:WoRMS
1048:PPE:
961:IRMNG
914:51230
888:31743
677:18-19
483:wheat
197:fungi
190:genus
188:is a
85:Fungi
45:from
1018:5453
1013:NCBI
992:7239
974:ITIS
935:GBIF
927:7239
896:EPPO
875:33PV
491:oats
217:asci
142:Lib.
1000:NBN
883:EoL
870:CoL
742:doi
738:124
615:.
495:rye
192:of
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748:.
744::
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