93:. In 1943, after a prolonged period of Governor's Rule, the League formed the government; Asadullah Khan chose to side with the Congress initially but went on to join the League. However, the Muslim League had to bear the brunt of intense factional rivalries, winning over, and also losing, heavyweights at regular intervals. Asadullah Khan parted ways with the League in 1944, taking umbrage at the party's choice of candidate in the bye-elections from a warring tribal faction. Soon, the Government fell to Congress.
140:
successful motion, Khan alongside five others, noted their discontent with Qayyum Khan's governance and requested the
Speaker that they be not considered to be part of the government anymore; eventually, they became the new Opposition in the House replacing a group of three MLAs from the defunct Congress. Within a week, Khan and others were expelled from the League for a period of six years for "grave and flagrant breach" of party decorum.
320:
The
Cabinet Mission Plan had reserved one seat in the Constitution Assembly per million people of a province. These seats were distributed among Muslims, Sikhs, and General (Hindus and others) category in proportion to their share of population in the province and were to be elected by legislators of
291:
Scholars find this to be the first constitutional crisis of the nascent state. Jinnah, realizing his lack of options to dismiss a government which has the confidence of the House, decided to bring back a colonial-era law that allowed the
Governor-General to dismiss Provincial legislatures without any
112:
with the options of joining either India or
Pakistan. The Congress government called for a boycott citing the absence of provisions to remain independent or join Afghanistan; Khan adhered to the party line. However, while half of the legible voters did skip the referendum, over 99% of the votes cast
272:
The '46 Provincial
Elections were remarkable in that they appeared to vindicate Muslim League (and Jinnah) as the sole spokesperson for subcontinental Muslims and bolstered their campaign for Pakistan. Yet, Muslim League suffered a defeat in NWFP to INC and its allies, winning only 15 seats (of the
88:
to form a coalition government in a hung House; the party remained in power for about six months, doing little of significance, before falling to
Congress and disintegrating. Under the Congress Ministry, the Muslim League gained significant base in the province; its ascent was particularly aided by
232:
Seven
Congress MLAs were indefinitely incarcerated on account of being involved with the Quit India Movement while seven other seats —none won by ML— felt vacant due to death etc. Despite, it remains doubtful, if the League did ever achieve confidence of the House - the installation was largely
242:
Scholars note that the local League had pretty little to offer in terms of meaningful politics and was essentially a network of patronage. In 1944, a central committee of the League arrived from Delhi to probe into local organizational discontents. It found the League lacked any organizational
131:
as the caretaker Chief
Minister. Qayyum Khan convinced a few Congress legislators — by force or favor — to switch to the League but failing to secure a majority even by the end of the year, did not convene the House. In January 1948, Asadullah Khan along with six other Congress legislators met
139:
In March 1949, Khan joined a group of fellow legislators from the League to pass a no-confidence motion against the government. However, a day before the resolution was to be tabled, most of them were imprisoned on grounds of conspiring to murder Qayyum Khan. Lacking the strength to effect a
310:
Khan, speaking on behalf of the group, noted that they did not want to sit on the
Opposition Benches in light of being committed to the League and asked for separate seats. The Speaker did not consent; Khan's request for being re-inducted into the Government was declined
126:
In August 1947, Jinnah requested
Ghaffar Khan and his fellow legislators from Congress to concede that they did not have the confidence of the electorate and resign but was refused; within a week, Jinnah had Governor Cunningham dismiss the government and install
369:
Vol. I of Press Information Bureau's Morgue and Ref Series: (1) Analysis of the Results of General Elections to the Central and Provincial Legislatures Held In 1945-46 (2) Indian Political Parties, and (3) Provincial Minstries
643:
247:
tasked with rebuilding the hierarchy from ground-up. That achieved little difference from the status quo, and would spur a series of reorganization attempts across the next few years but with negligible
653:
648:
658:
136:
at Lahore and joined the League, providing Qayyum Khan's government with the numbers; the House would sit for the first time after independence in March 1948.
81:
about the religio-moral responsibility of Muslims to vote for him. About half of the electorate skipped the polls, and Asadullah Khan scraped through barely.
321:
the particular community. North-West Frontier Province was allotted with three seats, all of which were reserved for Muslims. Two Congress nominees —Azad and
109:
273:
36) reserved for Muslims and 2 landholder seats out of a total 50 seats. Overall, there were 17 Muslims in favor of the League and 21 in favor of Congress.
504:
456:
477:
The Evolution of North-west Frontier Province: Being a Survey of the History and Constitutional Development of N.-W. F. Province in India
442:. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis: Studia historica Upsaliensia. Uppsala Universitet. pp. 73–76, 129–130, 136–138, 151, 251, 262.
399:
214:
There were 5316 registered voters, of which only 2852 exercised their franchise. Ramzan Khan secured 1418 votes against Khan's 1437.
205:
British intelligence dispatches record the election campaigns across the province to be characterized by a distinct communal flavor.
301:
They were Khan Muhammad Aslam Khan, Arbab Abdur Rahman Khan, Pir Shahinshah, Sahib Gul Khan, Abdullah Khan, and Mian Jaffar Shah.
157:
97:
60:
39:
491:
153:
35:
233:
guided through by the British Officers who believed that a League Government would be less hostile to their interests.
243:
structure and was only a "citadel of few ambitious individuals"; accordingly, the existing League was dissolved and
173:
223:
As of the 1937 elections, Muslim League was yet to be a force in NWFP and did not participate in the elections.
176:. He was a strong critic of Pakistan's expenditure on defense and lamented the neglect of agricultural sector.
68:
160:. One of the liberal members of the Assembly, Khan was among the three members from West Pakistan to support
392:
Ethnicity, Nationalism, and the Pakhtuns: The Independence Movement in India's North-West Frontier Province
67:, a rural constituency reserved for Muslims, as an independent. He was pitted against Ramzan Khan from the
161:
440:
India, Pakistan Or Pakhtunistan?: The Nationalist Movements in the North-West Frontier Province, 1937-47
108:, allied to the Congress. He defeated Sardar Abdul Qaiyum Khan of the Muslim League. In July 1947, a
78:
612:
326:
90:
549:
339:
322:
101:
368:
541:
500:
395:
244:
128:
85:
84:
In the Assembly, Khan joined the United Muslim Nationalist Party, a patchwork party formed by
533:
165:
133:
521:
149:
586:. Vol. I. Nasik, India: The Indian Institute of Public Administration. p. 308.
259:
637:
553:
372:". Home Political, ID: HOME_POLITICAL_I_1945_NA_F-79-46. National Archive of India.
343:
522:"Electoral Politics in the North West Frontier Province of Colonial India 1946–47"
46:, Khan commanded influence in the society; besides, he was a local land magnate.
464:. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. November 1937. pp. 4, 100, 102.
571:. Nasik, India: The Indian Institute of Public Administration. pp. 93–95.
545:
537:
43:
520:
Ahmad, Muhammad Shakeel; Memon, Amanullah; Rabbi, Fazal (January 2014).
89:
the British Government's outlawing of the Congress as a response to the
64:
31:
100:, the Congress formed a stable government under the premiership of
73:
169:
601:. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1952. p. 171.
174:
February 1952 events during the Bengali language movement
644:
Members of the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
499:. Lahore: Royal Book Company. pp. 125 (note 55).
458:
Return showing the results of Elections in India: 1937
152:— the erstwhile representative of the province in the
148:
In March 1948, Khan was inducted as a replacement for
61:
1937 North-West Frontier Provincial Assembly Elections
584:
The Framing of India's Constitution: Select Documents
282:
Khan received 4507 votes against Qaiyum Khan's 2332.
654:Members of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan
479:. The London Book Co. (India) Ltd. p. 304.
168:as an official language of the state alongside
394:. Carolina Academic Press. pp. 178, 195.
451:
449:
104:. Khan was re-elected but as a member of the
8:
649:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India
569:The Framing of India's Constitution: A Study
599:The Commonwealth Relations Office List 1952
30:) was a Pakistani Pakhtun politician from
359:
185:
77:and even obtained a proclamation from
659:People from Dera Ismail Khan District
433:
431:
7:
429:
427:
425:
423:
421:
419:
417:
415:
413:
411:
385:
383:
381:
379:
526:History and Sociology of South Asia
110:referendum was held in the province
14:
613:"Tale retold of a proud struggle"
390:Rittenberg, Stephen Alan (1988).
63:, Khan filed his nomination from
490:Shāh, Sayyid Vaqār ʻAlī (1992).
325:—, and a Muslim League nominee —
158:Constituent Assembly of Pakistan
40:Constituent Assembly of Pakistan
156:on a Congress ticket — in the
1:
154:Constituent Assembly of India
475:Obhrai, Diwan Chand (1938).
292:seemingly justifiable cause.
36:North-West Frontier Province
338:The other two members were
257:The precise terminology is
113:were in favor of Pakistan.
675:
164:proposal of incorporating
20:Sardar Asad Ullah Jan Khan
493:Muslim League in N.W.F.P.
538:10.1177/2230807513506625
438:Jansson, Erland (1981).
172:in the aftermath of the
71:who accused him to be a
69:Indian National Congress
44:Gandapur tribal segment
582:Rao, B. Shiva (1968).
567:Rao, B. Shiva (1968).
106:Jamiat-ul-Ulema-e-Hind
144:Constituent Assembly
79:Kifayatullah Dehlawi
16:Pakistani politician
327:Sardar Bahadur Khan
122:Provincial Assembly
91:Quit India Movement
42:. Chieftain of the
340:Shaukat Hayat Khan
323:Abdul Ghaffar Khan
102:Abdul Ghaffar Khan
34:, who represented
506:978-969-407-135-0
245:Qazi Mohammad Isa
129:Abdul Qayyum Khan
86:Abdul Qayyum Khan
666:
628:
627:
625:
624:
609:
603:
602:
594:
588:
587:
579:
573:
572:
564:
558:
557:
517:
511:
510:
498:
487:
481:
480:
472:
466:
465:
463:
453:
444:
443:
435:
406:
405:
387:
374:
373:
364:
347:
336:
330:
318:
312:
308:
302:
299:
293:
289:
283:
280:
274:
270:
264:
255:
249:
240:
234:
230:
224:
221:
215:
212:
206:
203:
197:
190:
134:Liaquat Ali Khan
50:Political career
674:
673:
669:
668:
667:
665:
664:
663:
634:
633:
632:
631:
622:
620:
611:
610:
606:
596:
595:
591:
581:
580:
576:
566:
565:
561:
519:
518:
514:
507:
496:
489:
488:
484:
474:
473:
469:
461:
455:
454:
447:
437:
436:
409:
402:
389:
388:
377:
366:
365:
361:
356:
351:
350:
337:
333:
329:— were elected.
319:
315:
309:
305:
300:
296:
290:
286:
281:
277:
271:
267:
256:
252:
241:
237:
231:
227:
222:
218:
213:
209:
204:
200:
191:
187:
182:
150:Abul Kalam Azad
146:
124:
119:
57:
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
672:
670:
662:
661:
656:
651:
646:
636:
635:
630:
629:
617:The Daily Star
604:
589:
574:
559:
512:
505:
482:
467:
445:
407:
400:
375:
358:
357:
355:
352:
349:
348:
331:
313:
303:
294:
284:
275:
265:
250:
235:
225:
216:
207:
198:
192:He had been a
184:
183:
181:
178:
145:
142:
123:
120:
118:
115:
98:1946 elections
56:
53:
51:
48:
24:Asadullah Khan
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
671:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
641:
639:
618:
614:
608:
605:
600:
593:
590:
585:
578:
575:
570:
563:
560:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
516:
513:
508:
502:
495:
494:
486:
483:
478:
471:
468:
460:
459:
452:
450:
446:
441:
434:
432:
430:
428:
426:
424:
422:
420:
418:
416:
414:
412:
408:
403:
401:9780890892770
397:
393:
386:
384:
382:
380:
376:
371:
363:
360:
353:
345:
341:
335:
332:
328:
324:
317:
314:
307:
304:
298:
295:
288:
285:
279:
276:
269:
266:
262:
261:
254:
251:
246:
239:
236:
229:
226:
220:
217:
211:
208:
202:
199:
195:
189:
186:
179:
177:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
143:
141:
137:
135:
130:
121:
116:
114:
111:
107:
103:
99:
94:
92:
87:
82:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
62:
55:British India
54:
49:
47:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
621:. Retrieved
619:. 2014-01-20
616:
607:
598:
597:"Pakistan".
592:
583:
577:
568:
562:
529:
525:
515:
492:
485:
476:
470:
457:
439:
391:
362:
344:Seth Sukhdev
334:
316:
306:
297:
287:
278:
268:
258:
253:
238:
228:
219:
210:
201:
193:
188:
147:
138:
125:
105:
95:
83:
72:
58:
28:Asadjan Khan
27:
23:
19:
18:
162:Nur Ahmed's
638:Categories
623:2022-11-24
532:(1): 6–9.
354:References
196:for years.
554:156237929
546:2230-8075
117:Pakistan
370:1937-45
194:durbari
166:Bengali
96:In the
65:Kulachi
59:In the
38:in the
32:Kulachi
22:(also,
552:
544:
503:
398:
260:tarbur
248:gains.
550:S2CID
497:(PDF)
462:(PDF)
180:Notes
74:kafir
542:ISSN
501:ISBN
396:ISBN
342:and
311:too.
170:Urdu
26:and
534:doi
640::
615:.
548:.
540:.
528:.
524:.
448:^
410:^
378:^
626:.
556:.
536::
530:8
509:.
404:.
367:"
346:.
263:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.