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236:, which involves lengthy horizontal layers of stone blocks laid in parallel, and therefore with continuous horizontal joints. Ashlar may also be random, which involves stone blocks laid with deliberately discontinuous courses and therefore discontinuous joints both vertically and horizontally. In either case, it generally uses a joining material such as
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or feature a variety of treatments: tooled, smoothly polished or rendered with another material for decorative effect. One such decorative treatment consists of small grooves achieved by the application of a metal comb. Generally used only on softer stone ashlar, this decoration is known as "mason's
147:(Springfield, Massachusetts, 1871). Although each block was cut with great precision on adjacent faces, the external face was left rough as when removed from the quarry. The blocks were laid randomly without continuous courses or vertical and horizontal joints.
225:, which employs irregularly shaped stones, sometimes minimally worked or selected for similar size, or both. Ashlar is related but distinct from other stone masonry that is finely dressed but not quadrilateral, such as curvilinear and
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the rough ashlar is a stone as taken directly from the quarry, and allegorically represents the
Freemason prior to his initiation; a smooth ashlar (or "perfect ashlar") is a stone that has been smoothed and dressed by the experienced
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213:. Precisely cut "on all faces adjacent to those of other stones", ashlar is capable of requiring only very thin joints between blocks, and the visible face of the stone may be
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In modern
European masonry the blocks are generally about 35 centimetres (14 in) in height. When shorter than 30 centimetres (12 in), they are usually called
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use ashlar masonry in the construction of the so-called "beehive" dome. This dome consists of finely cut ashlar blocks that decrease in size and terminate in a central
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412:, and allegorically represents the Freemason who, through education and diligence, has learned the lessons of Freemasonry and who lives an upstanding life.
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286:, meaning "plank". "Clene hewen ashler" often occurs in medieval documents; this means tooled or finely worked, in contradistinction to rough-axed faces.
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to achieve a specific form, typically rectangular in shape. The term can also refer to a structure built from such stones.
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Reich, Ronny; Katzenstein, Hannah (1992). "Glossary of
Archaeological Terms". In Kempinski, Aharon; Reich, Ronny (eds.).
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Sharon, Ilan (August 1987). "Phoenician and Greek Ashlar
Construction Techniques at Tel Dor, Israel".
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ashlar construction, metal ties, and other methods of assembly have been used. The dry ashlar of
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Ashlar blocks have been used in the construction of many buildings as an alternative to
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561:. Technology and Change in History. Leiden, The Netherlands: E. J. Brill. p. 100.
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Quarry-faced red
Longmeadow sandstone in random ashlar was specified by architect
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Ashlar masonry was also heavily used in the construction of palace facades on
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Ching, Francis D. K.; Jarzombek, Mark M.; Prakash, Vikramaditya (2007).
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638:. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 733.
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Operative
Plasterers' and Cement Masons' International Association
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The term is frequently used to describe the dressed stone work of
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521:(267). Boston: The American Schools of Oriental Research: 32–33.
334:. These domes are not true domes, but are constructed using the
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International Union of
Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers
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Ancient
Building Technology, Vol 1: Historical Background
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387:, ashlars are used as a symbolic metaphor for how one's
489:. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. p.
460:. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society. p. 312.
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Bulletin of the
American Schools of Oriental Research
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640:This also attests the alternative spellings
57:. There might be a discussion about this on
27:Finely dressed stone and associated masonry
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689:. Oxford History of Art. pp. 175–6.
395:. As described in the explanation of the
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
1158:Mason Contractors Association of America
1153:Master of Work to the Crown of Scotland
683:Preziosi, D.; Hitchcock, L. A. (1999).
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535:. University of Dundee. Archived from
240:to bind the blocks together, although
383:groupings, which such societies term
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195:unit, and is generally rectangular (
458:The Architecture of Ancient Israel
353:. These constructions date to the
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256:is particularly fine and famous.
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485:A Global History of Architecture
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96:ashlar masonry laid in parallel
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1003:Non-explosive demolition agents
391:relates to the tenets of their
659:"Ashlar Masonry and its Types"
115:Ashlar masonry north gable of
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557:Wright, George R. H. (2000).
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1210:Native American architecture
1168:Worshipful Company of Masons
314:prehistoric Greece and Crete
127:Ashlar polygonal masonry in
686:Aegean Art and Architecture
533:"The Conservation Glossary"
191:Ashlar is the finest stone
145:North Congregational Church
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715:Masonic Lodge of Education
711:"Rough and Perfect Ashlar"
397:First Degree Tracing Board
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993:Lewis (lifting appliance)
221:Ashlar is in contrast to
264:The word is attested in
635:Encyclopædia Britannica
199:). It was described by
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141:Henry Hobson Richardson
1611:Architectural elements
591:"Definition of ashlar"
303:classical architecture
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268:and derives from the
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817:Massive precut stone
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389:personal development
298:or other materials.
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1298:Territorial Revival
1013:Stonemason's hammer
978:Ceramic tile cutter
601:on August 20, 2017.
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467:978-965-221-013-5
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67:February 2021
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43:This article
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19:
1596:Stonemasonry
1544:
1347:Guachimontón
1231:Mesoamerican
1064:Tuckpointing
1018:Straightedge
952:Stone veneer
781:
768:Stonemasonry
718:. Retrieved
714:
705:
685:
678:
667:. Retrieved
665:. 2018-12-17
662:
653:
645:
641:
633:
607:
599:the original
594:
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558:
552:
541:. Retrieved
537:the original
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518:
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457:
451:
437:Stone veneer
378:
369:small ashlar
368:
366:
355:MM III-LM Ib
345:, including
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300:
293:
283:
279:
272:
263:
254:Machu Picchu
231:
220:
215:quarry-faced
204:
190:
151:
150:
106:Machu Picchu
73:
64:
53:Please help
44:
1550:Corbel arch
1517:Rope bridge
1447:Sweat lodge
1402:Plank house
1342:Earth lodge
1293:Territorial
1255:San Bartolo
973:Bush hammer
908:Lime mortar
787:Rustication
375:As metaphor
362: 1700
336:corbel arch
307:rustication
275:, from the
211:trapezoidal
1585:Categories
1507:Moki steps
1479:Structures
1273:Neo-Andean
1127:Stone wall
1054:Repointing
1027:Techniques
883:Fieldstone
868:Cast stone
822:Monumental
669:2023-05-25
543:2009-05-04
443:References
410:stonemason
403:and other
364:–1450 BC.
325:Bronze Age
270:Old French
49:to readers
1555:Roof comb
1487:Ballcourt
1372:Longhouse
1332:Corn crib
1122:Sculpture
1111:Footstone
1107:Headstone
1074:Brickwork
1059:Scabbling
1039:Flushwork
935:Sandstone
913:Limestone
888:Flagstone
851:Materials
832:Sculpture
797:Dry stone
577:490715142
401:Emulation
273:aisselier
260:Etymology
201:Vitruvius
1537:Elements
1452:Temazcal
1327:Barabara
1090:Products
1044:Knapping
837:Slipform
720:15 March
646:ashelere
416:See also
379:In some
357:period,
351:Phaistos
332:capstone
143:for the
104:wall at
1502:E-Group
1492:Chultun
1442:Shabono
1422:Quiggly
1386:Triadic
1337:Chickee
1283:Revival
1250:Río Bec
1034:Flaming
898:Granite
842:Snecked
807:Masonry
792:Carving
623::
381:Masonic
347:Knossos
328:Mycenae
234:coursed
218:drag".
193:masonry
98:courses
45:may be
18:Ashlars
1565:Sipapu
1560:Sascab
1545:Ashlar
1469:Wigwam
1432:Ramada
1427:Qullqa
1417:Qarmaq
1407:Pukara
1377:Maloca
1278:Pueblo
1268:Muisca
1218:Styles
1117:Mosaic
1097:Castle
1069:Veneer
998:Trowel
983:Chisel
930:Mortar
918:Marble
893:Gabion
827:Rubble
782:Ashlar
693:
642:ashler
630:Ashlar
617:
575:
565:
497:
464:
319:tholos
280:axilla
238:mortar
197:cuboid
186:chisel
152:Ashlar
131:, Peru
100:on an
1527:Ushnu
1522:Sacbe
1464:Tupiq
1412:Qargi
1362:Jacal
1357:Igloo
1352:Hogan
1235:Aztec
1079:Wythe
961:Tools
947:Slate
923:Types
903:Grout
863:Brick
775:Types
422:Ablaq
399:, in
393:lodge
343:Crete
321:tombs
296:brick
277:Latin
250:Cusco
182:stone
129:Cuzco
1497:Cuel
1459:Tipi
1437:Ruka
1367:Kiva
1288:Deco
1245:Puuc
1240:Maya
1226:Inca
940:List
722:2015
691:ISBN
644:and
573:OCLC
563:ISBN
495:ISBN
462:ISBN
349:and
284:axis
252:and
102:Inca
1397:Oca
632:".
491:759
323:of
301:In
290:Use
248:in
242:dry
209:or
203:as
94:Dry
1587::
713:.
661:.
593:.
571:.
509:^
493:.
371:.
359:c.
338:.
309:.
229:.
173:ər
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648:.
579:.
546:.
503:.
470:.
176:/
170:l
167:ʃ
164:æ
161:ˈ
158:/
154:(
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51:.
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