584:
107:
736:
908:
704:, which had been stowed during takeoff and maneuvering. Of the satellite's two solar panels, only one released, and it became apparent that a tether was not operating correctly on board, which engineers attributed to heating and cooling cycles due to the satellite operating outside its design range while traveling to its final orbit.
671:
Although Hughes did not end up using the low-energy transfer trajectory, the insight to use a lunar swingby was key to the spacecraft rescue. According to Cesar Ocampo, Hughes had not considered this option until it was contacted by
Ridenoure, although the Hughes engineers involved in the lunar flyby
696:
These operations consumed most of the satellite's propellant, but still much less than it would take to remove the inclination without the Moon-assist manoeuvres. With the remaining fuel, the satellite could be controlled as a geosynchronous satellite, with half the life of a normal satellite – a
688:
until it flew by the Moon at a distance of 6,200 km from its surface in May 1998, becoming in a sense the first commercial lunar spacecraft. Another lunar fly-by was performed later that month (6 June 1998) at a distance of 34,300 km to further improve the
574:
on 24 December 1997, destined for an orbital position at 105.5° East. However, a failure of the Blok DM-2M fourth stage left it stranded in a highly inclined (51.6°) and elliptical orbit, although still fully functional. It was declared a total loss by its insurers.
933:
Salvatore, Jeremiah O. and Ocampo, Cesar A. (Assignee: Hughes
Electronics Corporation) U.S. Patent 6,149,103, "Free return lunar flyby transfer method for geosynchronous satellites having multiple perilune stages", filed May 15,
1492:
924:
Salvatore, Jeremiah O., and Ocampo Cesar A. (Assignee: Hughes
Electronics Corporation) U.S. Patent 6,116,545, "Free return lunar flyby transfer method for geosynchronous satellites", Filed April 9, 1998.
4425:
285:
656:
that required only a few days to complete, a trajectory designed and subsequently patented by Hughes Chief
Technologist Jerry Salvatore. This maneuver removed only 40° of
3535:
4450:
1067:
3477:
3457:
1862:
1225:
2326:
4420:
1760:
712:
In April 1999, Hughes filled to request authorization to operate the satellite at 60° West in C-band and in Ku-band. In 1999, HGS-1 was acquired by
3528:
3452:
446:
2854:
648:. Hughes had no ability to track the satellite at such a distance and considered this trajectory concept unworkable. Instead, Hughes used an
4440:
3153:
2859:
4435:
4249:
2557:
2552:
2031:
1838:
1234:
697:
huge gain, considering that it had been declared a total loss. The satellite was then maneuvered to geosynchronous orbit at 158° West.
1874:
1867:
1477:
3521:
3074:
2993:
1843:
1806:
1569:
1108:
889:
40:
3472:
3194:
1519:
1218:
3189:
2774:
1816:
1497:
184:
81:
1538:
1482:
1370:
4430:
3962:
2747:
1753:
1487:
1390:
540:
672:
operations have stated that they were already working on the lunar swingby mission design before being contacted by him.
3487:
3447:
3270:
3229:
3001:
1972:
1903:
1769:
4445:
3467:
3396:
3329:
2804:
1211:
1071:
275:
3770:
3361:
963:
701:
583:
247:
3351:
3123:
2829:
2135:
1990:
1425:
4163:
3432:
1746:
536:
115:
94:
66:
3482:
3391:
3319:
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3234:
3159:
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2206:
1977:
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1421:
1248:
623:
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3307:
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1340:
653:
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947:
100:
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2388:
2167:
690:
657:
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633:
357:
271:
4395:
Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in
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4158:
4153:
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3199:
3013:
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1711:
1405:
1181:
664:
orbit, whereas the
Belbruno maneuver would have removed all 51° of inclination and left it in
4187:
4182:
4133:
3677:
3063:
3057:
3051:
837:
622:
The satellite was transferred to Hughes Global
Services Inc., which was then a subsidiary of
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505:
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1821:
1801:
1665:
1345:
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721:
629:
316:
2759:
1961:
1596:
893:
3513:
1981:
1908:
1826:
1796:
1524:
1330:
1274:
661:
649:
571:
533:
106:
4414:
4304:
4094:
3853:
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3682:
3416:
2934:
2814:
2723:
2470:
2200:
2195:
1955:
1503:
912:
665:
452:
169:
4379:
4334:
4108:
3841:
3655:
2981:
2537:
2379:
1918:
1589:
984:
768:
3214:
3088:
3082:
2779:
2647:
2642:
2567:
2400:
2395:
2236:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2026:
2021:
1738:
1655:
1631:
1624:
1618:
1613:
1601:
1584:
1579:
1574:
3922:
3899:
3888:
3752:
3687:
3645:
3597:
3381:
3117:
2973:
2941:
2491:
2216:
2211:
1509:
812:
1035:
1018:
1001:
4227:
4148:
4098:
4032:
3992:
3967:
3947:
3707:
3366:
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2949:
2926:
2824:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2532:
2527:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
1304:
1144:
731:
491:
174:
162:
1051:
964:"New Book Reveals How Engineers Saved Hughes Satellite on Christmas Day 1997"
859:
626:, with an agreement to share any profits with the consortium of 27 insurers.
4269:
4169:
4128:
3893:
3781:
3737:
3692:
3591:
3580:
3406:
3256:
3111:
3025:
2957:
2839:
2753:
2663:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2600:
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2586:
2519:
2512:
2505:
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2301:
2175:
2160:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2093:
1891:
1886:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1660:
1650:
1175:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1134:
1129:
560:
486:
700:
Once the satellite was in a stable orbit, it was commanded to release its
4274:
4264:
4222:
3791:
3712:
3401:
3376:
3371:
2844:
2476:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2153:
2063:
1950:
1435:
1355:
713:
564:
257:
86:
17:
720:, and moved to 60° West. It was deactivated in July 2002 and moved to a
4143:
3927:
3883:
3801:
3717:
3697:
3650:
3346:
3224:
3045:
3039:
3033:
2764:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2311:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2005:
1545:
1385:
1380:
1350:
1279:
1254:
1117:
556:
498:
479:
457:
76:
39:
4238:
4175:
4089:
4058:
3906:
3847:
3758:
3671:
3604:
3573:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2849:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2561:
2405:
2339:
2334:
2316:
2047:
2000:
1995:
1967:
1945:
1879:
1606:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1430:
1309:
1294:
1259:
1203:
1086:
749:
568:
261:
4403:. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).
4047:
3997:
3972:
3917:
3610:
3586:
2819:
2231:
2221:
685:
681:
645:
615:
588:
582:
510:
911:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3007:
2481:
1850:
1791:
1773:
641:
605:
544:
467:
385:
221:
3517:
1742:
1207:
1090:
563:
to provide communications and television services in Asia by a
890:"HGS-1 Arrives in Earth Orbit: First Commercial Lunar Mission"
3500:
Missions are ordered by launch date. Crewed missions are in
644:
and leave the satellite in geostationary orbit around the
680:
Using on-board propellant and lunar gravity, the orbit's
286:
Khrunichev State
Research and Production Space Center
1019:"The Chief Technologist's view of the HGS-1 mission"
1002:"Beyond GEO, commercially: 15 years... and counting"
3425:
3291:
3248:
3182:
3173:
3098:
3073:
3024:
2992:
2916:
2907:
2738:
2656:
2576:
2490:
2378:
2325:
2145:
2085:
2076:
2056:
2040:
2014:
1938:
1929:
1780:
1704:
1643:
1562:
1470:
1444:
1414:
1323:
1241:
684:was gradually increased with several manoeuvres at
463:
441:
436:
420:
412:
407:
399:
391:
383:
363:
353:
343:
338:
322:
312:
307:
291:
281:
267:
253:
240:
235:
216:
206:
198:
190:
180:
168:
158:
150:
145:
127:
114:
93:
72:
62:
46:
1036:"An alternative view of the HGS-1 salvage mission"
1052:"AsiaSat 3: Collection of related press releases"
636:heard about the problem and proposed a 3–5 month
587:Animation of AsiaSat 3 / HGS-1 trajectory around
4426:Communications satellites in geostationary orbit
950:Hughes, July 8, 2013 (accessed 10 December 2014)
4399:. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in
3529:
3478:Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings
1754:
1219:
1102:
8:
3458:List of species that have landed on the Moon
32:
3536:
3522:
3514:
3179:
2913:
2082:
1935:
1761:
1747:
1739:
1226:
1212:
1204:
1109:
1095:
1087:
105:
31:
958:
956:
942:
940:
793:. NASA's Solar System Exploration website
1070:. NASA. 19 December 2011. Archived from
948:"AsiaSat Rescue: The Real Story, Part 1"
884:
882:
880:
878:
876:
815:. Jonathan's Space Report. 14 March 2021
760:
3453:List of artificial objects on the Moon
539:, which was salvaged from an unusable
4451:Spacecraft launched by Proton rockets
832:
830:
640:trajectory that would swing past the
591:from 24 December 1997 to 30 June 1998
7:
3154:International Lunar Research Station
987:. Gunter's Space Page. 22 March 2013
892:. NASA. 17 June 1998. Archived from
1868:Japanese Lunar Exploration Program
25:
1570:Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
1068:"Asiasat 3/HGS 1 Mission to Moon"
1017:Salvatore, Jerry (15 July 2013).
769:"AsiaSat-3, -3S / HGS-1 / PAS-22"
27:PanAmSat communications satellite
4421:Satellites using the BSS-601 bus
3473:Moon landing conspiracy theories
1520:Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy
985:"AsiaSat 3, 3S / HGS 1 / PAS 22"
906:
734:
38:
3190:Lunar Polar Exploration Mission
624:Hughes Space and Communications
424:34,300 km (21,300 mi)
185:Hughes Space and Communications
1034:Skidmore, Mark (8 July 2013).
1000:Ridenoure, Rex (13 May 2013).
117:
1:
1324:Communication and engineering
541:geosynchronous transfer orbit
403:6,200 km (3,900 mi)
202:2,500 kg (5,500 lb)
3488:List of crewed lunar landers
3448:List of missions to the Moon
3271:Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander
3230:Lunar Crater Radio Telescope
3002:Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost
2317:SELENE (Kaguya, Okina, Ouna)
1973:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
840:. The Satellite Encyclopedia
791:"AsiaSat 3 → HGS-1 → PAS-22"
660:and left the satellite in a
4441:Spacecraft launched in 1997
3330:International Lunar Network
1445:Satellite navigation system
1415:Data relay satellite system
555:AsiaSat 3 was launched for
4467:
4436:Satellite launch anomalies
33:AsiaSat 3 → HGS-1 → PAS-22
4393:
3568:
3496:
2136:List of Apollo astronauts
1725:
1190:
1125:
477:
473:
432:
428:
379:
375:
334:
330:
303:
299:
231:
227:
141:
137:
58:
37:
3433:Colonization of the Moon
1471:Astronomical observation
537:communications satellite
3483:Apollo 11 anniversaries
3320:European Lunar Explorer
2543:Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)
597: AsiaSat 3 / HGS-1
395:13 May 1998, 19:00 UTC
2669:Emirates Lunar Mission
1436:Tianlian Constellation
654:free-return trajectory
619:
543:(GTO) by means of the
524:, previously known as
499:PanAmSat constellation
416:6 June 1998, 16:30 UTC
367:105.5° East (intended)
3278:Lunar Orbital Station
2730:Peregrine Mission One
1727:Future spacecraft in
1644:Planetary exploration
1192:Future spacecraft in
1160:AsiaSat 6 / Thaicom 7
771:. Gunter's Space Page
586:
480:AsiaSat constellation
371:62° West (1999–2002)
369:158° West (1998-1999)
344:Reference system
212:Span: 26.2 m on orbit
210:3.4 m x 3.5 m x 5.8 m
146:Spacecraft properties
4431:Missions to the Moon
3552:Orbital launches in
3443:List of lunar probes
3438:Google Lunar X Prize
3387:Project Harvest Moon
2500:Lunar Roving Vehicle
1980:(relay satellite at
131:15 years (planned)
3468:Apollo 17 Moon mice
3397:Resource Prospector
3325:First Lunar Outpost
3308:Baden-Württemberg 1
3264:Boeing Lunar Lander
2389:Apollo Lunar Module
2203:(propulsion module)
2168:Apollo Lunar Module
1770:Spacecraft missions
691:orbital inclination
676:Rescue of satellite
658:orbital inclination
638:low-energy transfer
551:Launch of AsiaSat 3
358:Geostationary orbit
34:
4446:AsiaSat satellites
3136:Cislunar Explorers
1235:Chinese spacecraft
1170:AsiaSat 8 / Amos-7
1038:. The Space Review
1021:. The Space Review
1004:. The Space Review
970:. 11 January 2006.
742:Spaceflight portal
620:
339:Orbital parameters
133:4 years (achieved)
4408:
4407:
3511:
3510:
3357:Lunar Mission One
3314:#dearMoon project
3287:
3286:
3169:
3168:
3014:Lunar Trailblazer
2903:
2902:
2345:Moon Impact Probe
2072:
2071:
1736:
1735:
1563:Lunar exploration
1242:Earth observation
1201:
1200:
1074:on 7 October 2012
716:, and renamed as
519:
518:
244:24 December 1997,
16:(Redirected from
4458:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3515:
3180:
3130:Lunar Pathfinder
2914:
2810:Lunar Flashlight
2297:Lunar Prospector
2083:
1964:(service module)
1936:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1740:
1527:(joint with ESA)
1251:(joint with ESA)
1228:
1221:
1214:
1205:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1013:
1011:
1009:
996:
994:
992:
972:
971:
960:
951:
944:
935:
931:
925:
922:
916:
910:
909:
905:
903:
901:
886:
871:
870:
868:
866:
856:
850:
849:
847:
845:
834:
825:
824:
822:
820:
809:
803:
802:
800:
798:
787:
781:
780:
778:
776:
765:
744:
739:
738:
737:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
596:
413:Closest approach
392:Closest approach
348:Geocentric orbit
236:Start of mission
128:Mission duration
119:
110:
109:
103:
42:
35:
21:
4466:
4465:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4411:
4410:
4409:
4404:
4389:
3564:
3563:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3542:
3512:
3507:
3492:
3463:Lunar resources
3421:
3293:
3283:
3244:
3175:
3165:
3094:
3069:
3020:
2988:
2909:
2899:
2734:
2726:(Chandrayaan-2)
2657:Failed landings
2652:
2572:
2548:(Chandrayaan-3)
2486:
2473:(Chandrayaan-3)
2374:
2321:
2272:Lunar Orbiter 1
2141:
2086:Crewed landings
2078:
2068:
2052:
2036:
2010:
1985:
1931:
1925:
1817:Lunar Precursor
1784:
1776:
1767:
1737:
1732:
1721:
1705:Microsatellites
1700:
1639:
1558:
1466:
1440:
1410:
1319:
1237:
1232:
1202:
1197:
1186:
1121:
1115:
1077:
1075:
1066:
1057:
1055:
1050:
1041:
1039:
1033:
1024:
1022:
1016:
1007:
1005:
999:
990:
988:
983:
980:
975:
962:
961:
954:
945:
938:
932:
928:
923:
919:
907:
899:
897:
896:on 30 July 2010
888:
887:
874:
864:
862:
858:
857:
853:
843:
841:
836:
835:
828:
818:
816:
811:
810:
806:
796:
794:
789:
788:
784:
774:
772:
767:
766:
762:
758:
740:
735:
733:
730:
722:graveyard orbit
710:
678:
630:Edward Belbruno
611:
610:
609:
601:
600:
599:
594:
593:
592:
581:
553:
515:
514:
508:
501:
496:
495:
489:
482:
455:
450:
370:
368:
317:Graveyard orbit
292:Entered service
245:
211:
159:Spacecraft type
132:
104:
99:
85:
80:
53:
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4464:
4462:
4454:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4413:
4412:
4406:
4405:
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4391:
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4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4055:
4053:Molniya-1T #98
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3903:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3767:
3762:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3601:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3577:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3559:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3533:
3526:
3518:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3362:Lunar Observer
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3310:
3305:
3297:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3186:
3184:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3157:
3151:
3145:
3139:
3133:
3127:
3121:
3115:
3109:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3086:
3079:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3061:
3055:
3049:
3043:
3037:
3030:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3005:
2998:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2978:
2970:
2962:
2954:
2946:
2938:
2931:
2922:
2920:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2750:
2744:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2582:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2555:
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2524:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2496:
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2474:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
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2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2384:
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2376:
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2373:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
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2309:
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2299:
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2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
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2239:
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2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2157:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2089:
2087:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1884:
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1882:
1872:
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1870:
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1834:
1829:
1824:
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1799:
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1786:
1778:
1777:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1743:
1734:
1733:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1658:
1653:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1599:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1582:
1577:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1528:
1525:Einstein Probe
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1431:Tiandu 1 and 2
1428:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1331:Dong Fang Hong
1327:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1208:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1064:
1048:
1031:
1014:
997:
979:
978:External links
976:
974:
973:
952:
936:
926:
917:
872:
851:
826:
804:
782:
759:
757:
754:
753:
752:
746:
745:
729:
726:
709:
706:
677:
674:
662:geosynchronous
580:
577:
572:launch vehicle
552:
549:
534:geosynchronous
517:
516:
509:
503:
502:
497:
490:
484:
483:
478:
475:
474:
471:
470:
465:
461:
460:
443:
439:
438:
434:
433:
430:
429:
426:
425:
422:
418:
417:
414:
410:
409:
405:
404:
401:
397:
396:
393:
389:
388:
381:
380:
377:
376:
373:
372:
365:
361:
360:
355:
351:
350:
345:
341:
340:
336:
335:
332:
331:
328:
327:
324:
320:
319:
314:
310:
309:
308:End of mission
305:
304:
301:
300:
297:
296:
293:
289:
288:
283:
279:
278:
269:
265:
264:
255:
251:
250:
242:
238:
237:
233:
232:
229:
228:
225:
224:
218:
214:
213:
208:
204:
203:
200:
196:
195:
192:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
172:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
152:
148:
147:
143:
142:
139:
138:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
121:
112:
111:
97:
91:
90:
74:
70:
69:
67:Communications
64:
60:
59:
56:
55:
48:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4463:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4402:
4398:
4392:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4305:Progress M-37
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4245:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4234:
4233:Resurs-F1M #1
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4171:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4095:Progress M-36
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3983:Iridium MFS-2
3981:
3979:
3978:Iridium MFS-1
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3854:Progress M-35
3852:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3787:Inmarsat-3 F4
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3683:Progress M-34
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3570:
3567:
3562:
3558:
3547:
3539:
3534:
3532:
3527:
3525:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3503:
3499:
3498:
3495:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3290:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3172:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2935:Lunar Gateway
2932:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2906:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2815:Lunar IceCube
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2578:Sample return
2575:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
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2201:Chandrayaan-3
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1812:Lunar Orbiter
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914:
913:public domain
895:
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861:
855:
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839:
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831:
827:
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666:geostationary
663:
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634:Rex Ridenoure
631:
627:
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617:
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566:
562:
558:
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538:
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531:
527:
523:
513: →
512:
507:
504:←
500:
494: →
493:
488:
485:←
481:
476:
472:
469:
466:
464:Coverage area
462:
459:
454:
448:
444:
440:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
408:Flyby of Moon
406:
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61:
57:
49:
45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
4400:
4396:
4384:
4380:Early Bird 1
4375:Orbcomm FM12
4370:Orbcomm FM11
4365:Orbcomm FM10
4335:Intelsat 804
4237:
4174:
4168:
4109:EchoStar III
4057:
4048:Intelsat 803
3905:
3898:
3846:
3842:Intelsat 802
3769:
3757:
3670:
3656:Intelsat 801
3641:Gonets-D1 #6
3636:Gonets-D1 #5
3631:Gonets-D1 #4
3603:
3596:
3579:
3572:
3501:
3352:Lunar Lander
3339:
3312:
3300:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3156:(late 2020s)
2982:Artemis VIII
2980:
2972:
2964:
2956:
2948:
2940:
2933:
2925:
2894:
2760:Chang'e 5-T1
2752:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2387:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2092:
1962:Chang'e 5-T1
1875:South Korean
1728:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1630:
1623:
1597:Chang'e 5-T1
1551:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1502:
1193:
1174:
1139:
1076:. Retrieved
1072:the original
1056:. Retrieved
1040:. Retrieved
1023:. Retrieved
1006:. Retrieved
989:. Retrieved
967:
929:
920:
898:. Retrieved
894:the original
863:. Retrieved
854:
842:. Retrieved
817:. Retrieved
813:"Launch Log"
807:
795:. Retrieved
785:
773:. Retrieved
763:
717:
711:
702:solar panels
699:
695:
679:
670:
628:
621:
554:
547:'s gravity.
529:
525:
521:
520:
447:transponders
437:Transponders
181:Manufacturer
63:Mission type
29:
4360:Orbcomm FM9
4355:Orbcomm FM8
4350:Orbcomm FM7
4345:Orbcomm FM6
4340:Orbcomm FM5
4300:Kosmos 2348
4295:Kosmos 2347
4244:SPARTAN-201
4038:Kosmos 2346
3923:Kosmos 2345
3912:CRISTA-SPAS
3900:Soyuz TM-26
3889:Superbird-C
3797:Kosmos 2344
3765:Kosmos 2343
3753:Kosmos 2342
3748:Chinasat 6A
3703:Kosmos 2341
3688:Kosmos 2340
3661:Mozhayets 2
3626:Kosmos 2339
3621:Kosmos 2338
3616:Kosmos 2337
3598:Soyuz TM-25
3382:OrbitBeyond
3292:Cancelled /
3160:Argonaut M1
3118:Beresheet 2
3106:Hakuto-R M2
2974:Artemis VII
2942:Artemis III
2780:Longjiang-1
2674:Hakuto-R M1
2237:Longjiang-2
2212:Explorer 35
1856:Chandrayaan
1782:Exploration
1510:Longjiang-2
1249:Double Star
968:Space Daily
946:J. Fisher,
860:"AsiaSat 3"
838:"Asiasat 3"
323:Deactivated
268:Launch site
241:Launch date
191:Launch mass
89:(1999–2002)
84:(1998–1999)
79:(1997–1998)
4415:Categories
4330:Iridium 49
4325:Iridium 48
4320:Iridium 47
4315:Iridium 46
4310:Iridium 45
4285:Iridium 44
4280:Iridium 42
4228:IndoStar-1
4213:Iridium 43
4208:Iridium 41
4203:Iridium 40
4198:Iridium 39
4193:Iridium 38
4149:FalconGOLD
4099:Sputnik 40
4085:Iridium 37
4080:Iridium 36
4075:Iridium 35
4070:Iridium 34
4065:Iridium 19
4033:Iridium 33
4028:Iridium 32
4023:Iridium 31
4018:Iridium 30
4013:Iridium 29
4008:Iridium 28
4003:Iridium 27
3993:Meteosat 7
3988:Hot Bird 3
3953:Iridium 26
3948:Iridium 25
3943:Iridium 24
3938:Iridium 23
3933:Iridium 22
3879:Iridium 21
3874:Iridium 20
3869:Iridium 18
3864:Iridium 17
3859:Iridium 15
3837:Iridium 16
3832:Iridium 14
3827:Iridium 13
3822:Iridium 12
3817:Iridium 11
3812:Iridium 10
3802:Fengyun 2A
3708:Minisat 01
3392:Prospector
3367:Lunokhod 3
3240:Moon Diver
3235:McCandless
3148:MoonRanger
2966:Artemis VI
2950:Artemis IV
2927:Artemis II
2825:Mariner 10
2714:Surveyor 2
2709:OMOTENASHI
2528:Lunokhod 1
2446:Surveyor 1
2207:Clementine
1401:Tsinghua-1
1396:Tiantong 1
1376:OlympicSat
1145:AsiaSat 3S
1120:satellites
1054:. Astronet
797:1 December
756:References
492:AsiaSat 3S
282:Contractor
276:Site 81/23
207:Dimensions
163:Boeing 601
151:Spacecraft
4397:underline
4385:AsiaSat 3
4290:Galaxy 8i
4270:Equator-S
4260:Hikoboshi
4170:VLS-1 V01
4129:Apstar 2R
4114:Foton #11
4043:FAISAT-2V
3894:OrbView-2
3807:Iridium 9
3782:Telstar 5
3771:Tselina-2
3743:Iridium 8
3738:Iridium 7
3733:Iridium 6
3728:Iridium 5
3723:Iridium 4
3693:Thaicom 3
3592:Nahuel 1A
3581:GPS IIR-1
3407:Ukrselena
3257:DSE-Alpha
3215:Garatéa-L
3205:Blue Moon
3200:Artemis-7
3124:ispace M3
3089:Chang'e 8
3083:Chang'e 7
3026:Luna-Glob
2958:Artemis V
2840:Pioneer 4
2830:NEA Scout
2805:LunaH-Map
2754:Apollo 13
2664:Beresheet
2643:Chang'e 5
2587:Apollo 11
2506:Apollo 15
2396:Chang'e 5
2327:Impactors
2181:Chang'e 1
2176:Artemis I
2094:Apollo 11
2022:Chang'e 3
1978:Queqiao 1
1892:Luna-Glob
1695:Tianwen-4
1688:Tianwen-3
1681:Tianwen-2
1661:Tianwen-1
1656:Chang'e 2
1651:Yinghuo-1
1632:Chang'e 8
1625:Chang'e 7
1619:Chang'e 6
1614:Chang'e 5
1602:Chang'e 4
1585:Chang'e 3
1580:Chang'e 2
1575:Chang'e 1
1426:Queqiao 2
1361:ChinaStar
1182:AsiaSat G
1176:AsiaSat 9
1165:AsiaSat 7
1155:AsiaSat 5
1150:AsiaSat 4
1140:AsiaSat 3
1135:AsiaSat 2
1130:AsiaSat 1
561:Hong Kong
528:and then
522:AsiaSat 3
487:AsiaSat 2
384:Flyby of
364:Longitude
326:July 2002
295:July 1998
246:23:19:00
154:AsiaSat 3
101:1997-086A
95:COSPAR ID
50:AsiaSat 3
18:AsiaSat 3
4275:Astra 1G
4265:JCSAT-1B
4223:Sirius 2
4159:Maqsat-H
4154:Maqsat-B
3792:INSAT-2D
3713:Founders
3402:SELENE-2
3377:MoonRise
3372:MoonLITE
3294:concepts
3220:ISOCHRON
3176:missions
3174:Proposed
2910:missions
2845:Ranger 5
2477:EagleCam
2350:Ranger 4
2154:Apollo 8
2146:Orbiters
2079:missions
2064:ArgoMoon
1996:Tiandu-1
1951:CAPSTONE
1939:Orbiters
1932:missions
1914:Lunokhod
1863:Japanese
1832:Surveyor
1792:American
1785:programs
1712:Fengniao
1462:Beidou-3
1457:BeiDou-2
1452:BeiDou-1
1406:Xiwang 1
1356:ChinaSat
1270:Huanjing
728:See also
714:PanAmSat
565:Proton-K
532:, was a
421:Distance
400:Distance
313:Disposal
272:Baikonur
258:Proton-K
199:Dry mass
194:3,465 kg
175:HS-601HP
87:PanAmSat
73:Operator
4401:italics
4255:Orihime
4188:USA-136
4183:USA-134
4144:USA-135
4134:USA-133
4123:Huygens
4119:Cassini
3928:Agila 2
3884:USA-132
3718:GOES 10
3698:BSAT-1a
3678:USA-131
3666:Tempo-2
3651:USA-130
3646:JCSAT-R
3502:italics
3426:Related
3347:Lunar-A
3225:LunaNet
3183:Robotic
3150:(2020s)
3144:(2020s)
3138:(2020s)
3112:DESTINY
3066:(2030s)
3064:Luna 31
3060:(2030s)
3058:Luna 30
3054:(2030s)
3052:Luna 29
3046:Luna 28
3040:Luna 27
3034:Luna 26
3010:(2025)
2918:Artemis
2908:Planned
2770:Galileo
2765:Geotail
2628:Luna 16
2568:Jinchan
2380:Landers
2312:SMART-1
2242:Luna 10
2015:Landers
2006:ICUBE-Q
1958:Orbiter
1946:ARTEMIS
1887:Russian
1844:Chang'e
1839:Chinese
1822:Pioneer
1802:Artemis
1772:to the
1729:italics
1674:Shensuo
1666:Zhurong
1546:Xuntian
1515:Queqiao
1422:Queqiao
1391:Sinosat
1386:Shijian
1381:Qianfan
1351:Asiasat
1305:Tianhui
1255:Fengyun
1194:italics
1118:AsiaSat
1025:15 July
686:perigee
668:orbit.
652:-style
557:AsiaSat
458:Ku-band
116:SATCAT
77:AsiaSat
4239:STS-87
4176:SCD-2A
4139:STEP-4
4090:IRS-1D
4059:STS-86
3907:STS-85
3848:STS-94
3777:Thor 2
3759:STS-84
3672:STS-83
3611:Haruka
3605:STS-82
3574:STS-81
3561:1998 →
3546:← 1996
3302:Altair
3249:Crewed
3162:(2031)
3132:(2026)
3126:(2026)
3120:(2025)
3114:(2025)
3108:(2024)
3099:Others
3091:(2028)
3085:(2026)
3048:(2030)
3042:(2028)
3036:(2027)
3004:(2024)
2985:(2033)
2977:(2032)
2969:(2031)
2961:(2030)
2953:(2028)
2945:(2026)
2930:(2025)
2895:PAS-22
2870:Zond 3
2850:STEREO
2835:Nozomi
2785:Luna 1
2740:Flybys
2724:Vikram
2679:Luna 5
2562:Sora-Q
2492:Rovers
2471:Vikram
2406:Luna 9
2340:Luna 2
2335:LCROSS
2057:Flybys
2048:Yutu-2
2041:Rovers
1968:Danuri
1930:Active
1904:Crewed
1899:Soviet
1880:Danuri
1851:Indian
1827:Ranger
1797:Apollo
1717:Xinyan
1607:Yutu-2
1341:Apstar
1315:Ziyuan
1310:Yaogan
1300:Tansuo
1295:TanSat
1285:Shiyan
1260:Gaofen
1058:14 May
1042:8 July
1008:14 May
991:14 May
865:15 May
844:15 May
775:15 May
750:AMC-14
718:PAS-22
708:PAS-22
682:apogee
650:Apollo
614:
612:
604:
602:
595:
530:PAS-22
506:PAS 6B
453:C-band
354:Regime
254:Rocket
82:Hughes
54:PAS-22
4218:Kupon
4103:X-Mir
3973:FORTE
3968:PAS-5
3958:Lewis
3918:PAS-6
3417:VIPER
3210:BOLAS
3195:ALINA
2820:LunIR
2558:LEV-2
2553:LEV-1
2307:PFS-2
2302:PFS-1
2232:LADEE
2227:Hiten
2222:GRAIL
1553:SMILE
1504:Kuafu
1493:GECAM
1488:DAMPE
1483:CHASE
1478:ASO-S
1366:HKSTG
1280:Jilin
1078:4 May
900:4 May
819:3 May
646:Earth
616:Earth
589:Earth
579:HGS-1
569:DM-2M
526:HGS-1
511:PAS 9
262:DM-2M
217:Power
123:25126
52:HGS-1
47:Names
4250:TRMM
3998:GE-3
3587:GE 2
3554:1997
3412:XL-1
3142:CU-E
3075:CLEP
3008:IM-2
2994:CLPS
2865:Wind
2860:WMAP
2855:TESS
2538:Yutu
2482:IM-1
2077:Past
2032:SLIM
1919:Zond
1909:Luna
1807:CLPS
1774:Moon
1590:Yutu
1539:SVOM
1498:HXMT
1424:and
1371:LGSP
1346:APMT
1336:FH-1
1290:SMMS
1080:2021
1060:2013
1044:2013
1027:2013
1010:2013
993:2013
934:1998
902:2021
867:2010
846:2010
821:2021
799:2022
777:2010
642:Moon
632:and
606:Moon
545:Moon
468:Asia
442:Band
386:Moon
220:9.9
4164:YES
4101:,
3963:ACE
3335:LEO
2775:ICE
1532:SST
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