224:
32:
130:
53:
158:
123:
172:
151:
144:
186:
179:
109:
81:
39:
214:
207:
102:
95:
88:
200:
60:
193:
67:
74:
46:
116:
165:
137:
1965:
632:
Between 1970 and 1980 there were more than 6,000 Chinese
Immigrants in Colombia, meaning that they continued to arrive and grow in population. Anti-Immigration policies in many other countries is a possible primary cause of continued Chinese immigration into Colombia. Emigration out of China into
829:
796:
537:
Toraji Irie, a renowned
Japanese writer, states in his work on Japanese migration to other regions of the World that the first Japanese migrants who arrived in Colombia in 1903, the year Panama gained
1058:
1106:
489:
into the projects was a desperate measure by the managers of the railway companies, who did not have enough workers among the native population for the construction and failed to import enough
889:
821:
762:
1099:
784:
1036:
658:
A large portion of modern (2000's-present) Chinese emigration into
Colombian is composed of employees and business executives who have moved to Colombia following
568:, where many became farmers. Between 1970 and 1980, there was a small yet constant flow of Asian migration (mainly from China) into Colombian cities- primarily
1092:
2363:
1066:
1937:
718:
517:
valley, some just temporarily and others permanently, to engage in the commercial activity demanded by the new working population of the nascent
545:, came as a result of the Colombian Government seeking help from Japan in hiring workers to guard land bordering Panama against U.S. incursions.
2582:
984:
2567:
881:
2630:
2524:
1010:
754:
670:
in cities that welcome multinational corporations, such as Medellín, Barranquilla and Cali. While many
Chinese resident workers are on
2577:
1009:[The surprising story of how a romantic novel was the origin of Japanese migration to Colombia] (in Spanish). BBC News Mundo.
538:
1637:
1613:
2572:
1673:
1760:
1481:
1796:
1714:
1844:
1726:
1469:
1867:
739:
478:
474:
1808:
645:
within the United States, a significant amount of
Chinese people chose to immigrate into other countries, including Colombia.
1904:
1559:
1123:
852:
1743:
1576:
1523:
662:
they work for, some of which providing housing and accommodations for them directly. This has encouraged the development of
1930:
1772:
1702:
1649:
1566:
1032:
1832:
1661:
1625:
1588:
1547:
1535:
1791:
1784:
1755:
1738:
1476:
1839:
1709:
1464:
2557:
1767:
1644:
1608:
1518:
565:
1803:
1779:
1632:
1620:
1583:
1554:
1530:
932:
2547:
2189:
1877:
1571:
1542:
659:
1827:
1721:
1697:
1668:
1656:
2492:
1923:
486:
223:
1007:"La sorprendente historia de cómo una novela romántica fue el origen de la migración de japoneses a Colombia"
690:
2487:
2107:
1690:
498:
2502:
2455:
2167:
710:
950:
2605:
2427:
2368:
2341:
2286:
2235:
2225:
2177:
2056:
2036:
469:, as the domestic labor force was not sufficient enough. Around 705 Chinese immigrants came from the
462:
129:
976:
2507:
2301:
2081:
2071:
1506:
1326:
675:
581:
311:
251:
2388:
2261:
2230:
2076:
2066:
2026:
1985:
1899:
1872:
303:
185:
633:
Colombia generally did not occur in the first three decades following the establishment of the
2600:
2552:
2448:
2358:
2336:
2291:
2271:
2251:
2172:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2021:
2011:
1820:
1815:
1750:
1733:
1511:
1136:
605:
542:
466:
327:
315:
295:
287:
275:
1006:
2514:
2465:
2460:
2393:
2373:
2326:
2276:
2256:
2152:
2142:
2137:
2127:
2086:
2006:
1685:
1680:
1600:
1371:
1226:
405:
319:
291:
1035:[The Chinese diaspora: an approximation of migration into Colombia.] (in Spanish).
461:
In 1854, many
Chinese migrants arrived in Colombian territory for the construction of the
2519:
2480:
2443:
2382:
2351:
2346:
2281:
2196:
2162:
2147:
2102:
2061:
2051:
2016:
1980:
1862:
1501:
1271:
936:
686:
682:
392:
299:
1216:
1181:
757:[Chinese (people) in Colombia: How life of Asian Immigrants is in the country].
548:
In 1928, this was the smallest migratory group, being somewhat small compared to other
2475:
2422:
2331:
2266:
2184:
1990:
1951:
1431:
1406:
1381:
1366:
1346:
1236:
1231:
1201:
1176:
1171:
1141:
1131:
667:
518:
510:
437:
331:
1915:
2624:
2562:
2529:
2497:
2321:
2296:
2157:
2132:
1401:
1331:
1321:
1186:
1084:
549:
482:
360:
323:
608:- which continues to this day. Other very small groups of Asian migrants came from
1947:
1436:
1411:
1386:
1356:
1336:
1281:
1261:
1246:
1221:
593:
573:
490:
243:
122:
1421:
1341:
1316:
1301:
1276:
1266:
1256:
1251:
1166:
1151:
674:, the enclaves are established and composed of many permanent Chinese-Colombian
671:
621:
589:
585:
521:. These immigrants brought a variety of products to rural areas, both granting
514:
445:
348:
259:
255:
171:
157:
150:
143:
742:[The Chinese in Colombia: History, Diaspora and Identity] (in Spanish).
1115:
642:
638:
433:
388:
178:
108:
1241:
1211:
1206:
613:
597:
561:
470:
364:
267:
80:
38:
1291:
601:
569:
271:
239:
1061:[The presence of Chinese in Colombia has doubled in eight years].
1351:
1196:
1191:
1161:
663:
617:
417:
352:
344:
213:
206:
101:
94:
87:
1964:
755:"Chinos en Colombia: así es la vida de inmigrantes asiáticos en el país"
1441:
1396:
1376:
1361:
1146:
929:
494:
368:
199:
59:
1033:"La diáspora china: una aproximación a la migración china en Colombia"
473:, demonstrating their skills working on the construction of the first
2378:
1416:
1391:
1311:
1296:
1286:
1156:
553:
526:
522:
380:
307:
192:
66:
52:
1426:
1306:
884:[A little bit of India is emerging in southern Medellín].
634:
609:
441:
429:
425:
421:
384:
356:
263:
164:
136:
73:
45:
31:
925:
923:
824:[How the first Japanese migrants arrived in Colombia.].
577:
557:
413:
247:
115:
1919:
1088:
420:
and their descendants. The majority of Asian
Colombians are of
1059:"Presencia de chinos en Colombia se ha duplicado en ocho años"
917:. (in Spanish) Universidad del Valle. ISBN 978-958-765-324-3
915:
Inmigrantes del este de la India en el valle del río Cauca
822:"Así llegaron los primeros migrantes japoneses a Colombia"
564:. Despite this, some Japanese families began settling in
787:[Japanese Immigration into Bogota: Life Stories]
882:"Una pequeña India está surgiendo en el sur de Medellín"
855:[The hide-and-seek Asian cultures in Colombia].
740:"Los chinos en colombia: historia, diáspora e identidad"
228:
Korean-Colombian
Cultural Foundation in Bogota, Colombia
979:[Why did Japanese people arrive in Colombia?].
2593:
2540:
2436:
2415:
2406:
2314:
2244:
2218:
2211:
2095:
2044:
2035:
1999:
1973:
1958:
1855:
1599:
1492:
1457:
1450:
1122:
374:
338:
281:
233:
826:Semana.com Últimas Noticias de Colombia y el Mundo
715:Semana.com Últimas Noticias de Colombia y el Mundo
1063:UN News Agency | Universidad Nacional de Colombia
785:"Inmigración japonesa a bogotá: historia de vida"
853:"Las culturas asiáticas escondidas en Colombia"
880:Restrepo, Estefanía Carvajal (15 April 2018).
1931:
1100:
977:"¿Por qué llegaron los japoneses a Colombia?"
8:
428:descendent, with a smaller portion being of
22:
2412:
2215:
2041:
1970:
1938:
1924:
1916:
1454:
1107:
1093:
1085:
953:[Chinese and Japanese (peoples)].
713:[Chinese and Japanese (peoples)].
222:
21:
913:Navarrete Pelaz, María Cristina (2017).
701:
637:, as emigration was restricted. Due to
513:migrants settled in the towns of the
509:At the beginning of the 20th century,
892:from the original on 4 September 2024
832:from the original on 18 December 2021
501:migrants to make up for the deficit.
7:
909:
907:
875:
873:
234:Regions with significant populations
753:Radio, Redacción BLU (2018-09-09).
432:descendent. There are also notable
1116:Ancestry and ethnicity in Colombia
1065:. 20 November 2014. Archived from
949:Patiño, German (28 October 2006).
14:
1039:from the original on 12 July 2020
987:from the original on 25 June 2014
930:Organizaciones chinas en Colombia
541:and Colombia lost control of the
1963:
793:Repository Universidad Javeriana
212:
205:
198:
191:
184:
177:
170:
163:
156:
149:
142:
135:
128:
121:
114:
107:
100:
93:
86:
79:
72:
65:
58:
51:
44:
37:
30:
1013:from the original on 2022-06-22
802:from the original on 2024-09-04
765:from the original on 2021-12-18
721:from the original on 2021-12-18
1905:Race and ethnicity in Colombia
1:
485:. The Chinese migrants being
783:Rodríguez, Carolina (2018).
16:Colombians of Asian descent
2647:
2631:Asian diaspora in Colombia
820:Semana (25 October 2018).
680:
660:multinational corporations
635:People's Republic of China
2364:Assyrian–Chaldean–Syriacs
1890:
475:Transcontinental Railroad
448:descending populations.
379:
343:
286:
238:
221:
27:
857:PanoramaCultural.com.co
691:Immigration to Colombia
533:Panamanian independence
1031:Friederike Fleischer.
409:
709:Semana (2006-10-28).
649:Diasporic communities
410:colombianos asiáticos
375:Related ethnic groups
1069:on 19 September 2017
951:"Chinos y japoneses"
886:www.elcolombiano.com
711:"Chinos y japoneses"
463:Panama Canal Railway
457:Panama Canal Railway
2525:Hispanic and Latino
1900:Lists of Colombians
24:
935:2024-07-09 at the
304:Languages in India
2618:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2402:
2401:
2310:
2309:
2207:
2206:
2190:Sri Lankan Tamils
1913:
1912:
1886:
1885:
543:Isthmus of Panama
471:Guandong province
467:Isthmus of Panama
398:
397:
288:Colombian Spanish
2638:
2583:Southeast Asians
2413:
2216:
2042:
1971:
1967:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1917:
1896:
1848:
1836:
1812:
1800:
1788:
1776:
1764:
1747:
1730:
1718:
1706:
1677:
1665:
1653:
1641:
1629:
1617:
1592:
1580:
1563:
1551:
1539:
1527:
1485:
1473:
1455:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1086:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1003:
997:
996:
994:
992:
973:
967:
966:
964:
962:
946:
940:
927:
918:
911:
902:
901:
899:
897:
877:
868:
867:
865:
864:
848:
842:
841:
839:
837:
817:
811:
810:
808:
807:
801:
790:
780:
774:
773:
771:
770:
750:
744:
743:
736:
730:
729:
727:
726:
706:
438:Southeast Asian
402:Asian Colombians
226:
217:
216:
210:
209:
203:
202:
196:
195:
189:
188:
182:
181:
175:
174:
168:
167:
161:
160:
154:
153:
147:
146:
140:
139:
133:
132:
126:
125:
119:
118:
112:
111:
105:
104:
98:
97:
91:
90:
84:
83:
77:
76:
70:
69:
63:
62:
56:
55:
49:
48:
42:
41:
35:
34:
25:
23:Asian Colombians
2646:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2610:
2589:
2536:
2432:
2408:
2398:
2306:
2240:
2203:
2091:
2031:
1995:
1962:
1960:
1954:
1952:Asian diasporas
1944:
1914:
1909:
1894:
1882:
1851:
1842:
1830:
1806:
1794:
1782:
1770:
1758:
1741:
1724:
1712:
1700:
1671:
1659:
1647:
1635:
1623:
1611:
1595:
1586:
1574:
1557:
1545:
1533:
1521:
1488:
1479:
1467:
1446:
1118:
1113:
1083:
1082:
1072:
1070:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1042:
1040:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1016:
1014:
1005:
1004:
1000:
990:
988:
975:
974:
970:
960:
958:
948:
947:
943:
937:Wayback Machine
928:
921:
912:
905:
895:
893:
879:
878:
871:
862:
860:
850:
849:
845:
835:
833:
819:
818:
814:
805:
803:
799:
788:
782:
781:
777:
768:
766:
752:
751:
747:
738:
737:
733:
724:
722:
708:
707:
703:
698:
693:
687:Afro-Colombians
683:Arab Colombians
672:temporary visas
656:
651:
630:
566:Valle del Cauca
552:countries like
535:
507:
459:
454:
393:Arab Colombians
229:
211:
204:
197:
190:
183:
176:
169:
162:
155:
148:
141:
134:
127:
120:
113:
106:
99:
92:
85:
78:
71:
64:
57:
50:
43:
36:
29:
28:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2644:
2642:
2634:
2633:
2623:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2568:Central Asians
2563:United Kingdom
2560:
2555:
2550:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2517:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2503:Indo-Caribbean
2500:
2495:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2419:
2417:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2046:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1968:
1956:
1955:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1920:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1837:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1813:
1801:
1789:
1777:
1765:
1753:
1748:
1736:
1731:
1719:
1707:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1683:
1678:
1666:
1654:
1642:
1630:
1618:
1605:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1581:
1569:
1564:
1552:
1540:
1528:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1498:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1474:
1461:
1459:
1452:
1451:Non-indigenous
1448:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1232:Embera-Wounaan
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1089:
1081:
1080:
1050:
1023:
998:
983:(in Spanish).
968:
941:
919:
903:
888:(in Spanish).
869:
843:
828:(in Spanish).
812:
795:(in Spanish).
775:
761:(in Spanish).
745:
731:
717:(in Spanish).
700:
699:
697:
694:
678:and citizens.
655:
652:
650:
647:
629:
626:
550:South American
534:
531:
525:and accepting
519:sugar industry
506:
505:Sugar industry
503:
458:
455:
453:
450:
446:Middle Eastern
444:, and Asian
416:immigrants in
396:
395:
377:
376:
372:
371:
341:
340:
336:
335:
284:
283:
279:
278:
236:
235:
231:
230:
227:
219:
218:
18:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2643:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2520:United States
2518:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2456:Latin America
2454:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2429:
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2236:Singaporeans
2057:Bangladeshis
1792:Scandinavian
1493:
1071:. Retrieved
1067:the original
1062:
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1026:
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957:(in Spanish)
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714:
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631:
574:Barranquilla
547:
539:independence
536:
508:
497:, and other
460:
412:) refers to
401:
399:
244:Barranquilla
19:Ethnic group
2606:New Zealand
2573:East Asians
2369:Azerbaijani
2342:Palestinian
2287:Minangkabau
2226:Indonesians
2178:In the Gulf
2082:Sri Lankans
1843: [
1831: [
1807: [
1795: [
1783: [
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1468: [
1342:Pira-tapuya
1152:Awa-Kwaiker
851:Redacción.
622:Philippines
590:Santa Marta
515:Cauca River
465:across the
434:South Asian
349:Catholicism
260:Santa Marta
2302:Vietnamese
2231:Malaysians
2077:Pakistanis
2067:Maldivians
1986:Mongolians
1756:Portuguese
1739:Lithuanian
1477:Venezuelan
1124:Indigenous
1043:11 January
1017:2022-06-22
961:28 October
955:Semana.com
863:2022-06-22
806:2024-07-11
769:2022-06-21
725:2022-06-22
696:References
681:See also:
643:Sinophobia
639:Xenophobia
628:Late 1900s
479:west coast
389:Colombians
312:Vietnamese
2601:Australia
2488:Caribbean
2461:Argentina
2409:residence
2292:Moluccans
2262:Filipinos
2245:Ethnicity
2212:Southeast
2173:Malayalis
2113:Gujaratis
2096:Ethnicity
2027:Taiwanese
2022:Ryukyuans
1959:By origin
1946:Overseas
1840:Ukrainian
1710:Hungarian
1691:Mennonite
1465:Argentine
1327:Patángoro
1242:Guambiano
1212:Cocamilla
1207:Chitarero
981:El Pueblo
759:Blu Radio
676:residents
664:diasporic
614:Indonesia
598:Manizales
582:Cartagena
562:Venezuela
400:The term
365:Shintoism
282:Languages
268:Manizales
252:Cartagena
2625:Category
2515:Suriname
2471:Colombia
2449:Israelis
2437:Americas
2359:Armenian
2337:Lebanese
2277:Laotians
2272:Javanese
2252:Acehnese
2153:Saraikis
2143:Punjabis
2138:Pashtuns
2123:Kashmiri
2087:Tibetans
2012:Japanese
1895:See also
1768:Romanian
1645:Croatian
1609:Austrian
1567:Japanese
1519:Armenian
1507:Lebanese
1458:Americas
1352:Quimbaya
1272:Kankuamo
1197:Carijona
1192:Carabayo
1162:Barasana
1073:3 August
1037:Archived
1011:Archived
985:Archived
933:Archived
890:Archived
830:Archived
797:Archived
763:Archived
719:Archived
668:enclaves
666:Chinese
620:and the
618:Pakistan
586:Medellín
499:European
426:Japanese
418:Colombia
353:Hinduism
345:Buddhism
339:Religion
328:Filipino
316:Armenian
296:Japanese
256:Medellín
2594:Oceania
2553:Germany
2508:Marabou
2493:Chinese
2423:Nigeria
2394:Turkish
2379:Israeli
2374:Iranian
2327:Emirati
2257:Burmese
2219:Country
2197:Telugus
2163:Sindhis
2128:Mirpuri
2072:Nepalis
2062:Indians
2052:Afghans
2045:Country
2017:Koreans
2007:Chinese
1974:Central
1961:in Asia
1873:Mestizo
1863:African
1816:Spanish
1804:Slovene
1780:Russian
1734:Italian
1633:British
1621:Belgian
1584:Turkish
1555:Iranian
1531:Chinese
1432:Yarigui
1397:Tinigua
1382:Tariana
1377:Tairona
1367:Sutagao
1362:Siriano
1347:Quechua
1237:Guahibo
1202:Chimila
1147:Arhuaco
1142:Andoque
1137:Andaquí
1132:Achagua
991:24 June
896:21 June
836:22 June
654:Chinese
606:Pereira
487:brought
481:of the
477:on the
452:History
422:Chinese
406:Spanish
369:Sikhism
320:Turkish
292:Chinese
276:Pereira
2558:Sweden
2548:France
2541:Europe
2498:Dougla
2476:Mexico
2466:Brazil
2444:Canada
2416:Africa
2352:Yemeni
2347:Syrian
2282:Malays
2185:Tamils
2103:Baloch
1991:Uzbeks
1981:Kazakh
1948:Asians
1878:Romani
1868:Jewish
1856:Others
1821:Basque
1751:Polish
1686:German
1681:French
1601:Europe
1572:Korean
1543:Indian
1512:Syrian
1417:Witoto
1402:Tucano
1392:Ticuna
1372:Tahamí
1332:Piaroa
1322:Panche
1312:Nutabe
1297:Muisca
1292:Mokaná
1287:Macuna
1227:Emberá
1177:Calima
1157:Baniwa
689:, and
602:Cúcuta
570:Bogotá
554:Brazil
527:barter
523:credit
495:German
430:Korean
381:Asians
308:Arabic
300:Korean
272:Cúcuta
240:Bogotá
2389:Kurds
2332:Iraqi
2322:Arabs
2297:Thais
2267:Hmong
2158:Sikhs
2133:Mizos
2037:South
1847:]
1835:]
1828:Swiss
1811:]
1799:]
1787:]
1775:]
1763:]
1746:]
1729:]
1722:Irish
1717:]
1705:]
1698:Greek
1676:]
1669:Dutch
1664:]
1657:Czech
1652:]
1640:]
1628:]
1616:]
1591:]
1579:]
1562:]
1550:]
1538:]
1526:]
1484:]
1472:]
1437:Yukpa
1427:Yagua
1412:Wayuu
1387:Tegua
1357:Siona
1337:Pijao
1307:Nukak
1282:Lache
1262:Hupda
1247:Guane
1222:Cubeo
1217:Cofán
1187:Cauca
1182:Camsá
800:(PDF)
789:(PDF)
610:India
594:Neiva
491:Irish
414:Asian
385:Arabs
357:Islam
332:Malay
264:Neiva
2530:Jews
2481:Peru
2383:Jews
2315:West
2148:Roma
2118:Odia
2000:East
1950:and
1502:Arab
1494:Asia
1442:Zenú
1422:Wiwa
1407:U'wa
1317:Paez
1302:Muzo
1277:Kogi
1267:Inga
1257:Hiwi
1252:Guna
1172:Barí
1167:Bora
1075:2024
1045:2011
993:2014
963:2006
898:2022
838:2022
641:and
604:and
578:Cali
558:Peru
442:Arab
424:and
324:Thai
248:Cali
560:or
2627::
2407:By
1845:es
1833:es
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1797:es
1785:es
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2381:(
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1077:.
1047:.
1020:.
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965:.
900:.
866:.
840:.
809:.
772:.
728:.
404:(
334:.
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