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institutional, community and broader social levels. It was first developed in 2002 and was tried and tested by thirty community-based organisations. Since then hundreds of people have become involved in GEM's development including people who developed the tool, who train in how to use GEM, who are adapting GEM to increase its applicability to rural ICT4D projects, telecentres, software localisation and ICT policy advocacy and who are now offering GEM evaluations on a consultancy basis. The GEM manual was written in
English and has been translated into French, Spanish, Brazilian Portuguese and Arabic). GEM was developed by the APC Women's Rights Programme (APC WRP
165:. As APC had the only international, civil society communications network in existence at that time, the UNCED secretariat published their information in APC conferences. They had no other way of distributing information so economically and so effectively. (The UN itself began distributing information by electronic means many years later). Email links are set up between Cuba and APC networks. They call the Cuban servers three times a day to deliver and collect email.
909:
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968:, held a day earlier. GreenNet's services were not fully operational again until 10.30 BST on Thursday 7 August. On the 9th of August there was a second attack, which, while affecting some systems, allowed GreenNet to discover the site which was being targeted. In October 2013, the target was revealed to be the site of British investigative reporter
803:
192:
APC made a significant impact in Africa, Asia, Central and
Eastern Europe, and the Caribbean by providing civil society organisations with email and e-information using the Fidonet gateways. Fidonet protocol was used because it is store-and-forward technology enabling people to compose and read email
2487:
TBTT is a collaborative campaign that accompanies the annual 16 Days of
Activism Against Gender Violence (25 November-10 December) to harness ICTs to end violence against women. The campaign calls on all ICT users – especially women and girls – to take control of technology and strategically use any
1367:
Between 1990 and 1997, Internet 'gateways' using simple 'store-and-forward' technology called 'Fidonet**, provided in many cases, the only means of cheap, efficient electronic communications to thousands of individuals, NGOs, Academics, Researchers and quasi-governmental departments in Africa, Asia,
70:
America, from five continents. This is a challenge and a strength, because members are at the two extremes of internet development (members in South Korea with incredible connectivity and members in rural
Nigeria where they have to power computers using car batteries and solar power) and in between.
260:
The other activities included replication of the community wireless training developed in Africa in Latin
America and the Caribbean, forming an eighteen-country network connecting indigenous communities, rural backwaters and impulsing university networking courses, the first Feminist Tech Exchange,
148:
The activists working with United
Nations–sponsored data management NGO (IDOC) create a network of like-minded organisations working with information and alternative media. At this point they communicated mainly using fax and regular mail. People physically travelled around transporting and sharing
196:
APC's
African networks faced with the strong competition from commercial providers, held an Africa Strategy Development Meeting from February 8–11, 1997 in Johannesburg, South Africa. The meeting attended 34 APC members and partner networks from all over Africa. The program areas, action framework
69:
APC is a worldwide network of social activists who use the internet to make the world a better place. APC is both a network and an organisation. APC members are groups working in their own countries to advance the same mission as APC. APC has more than 59 members, mostly in Asia, Africa and Latina
793:
779:
goals), encourages critical debate and strengthens networking and advocacy for a just, inclusive information society. The country reports are easy to read and offer a quick insight into a country situation. Contributors are primarily from civil society organisations active in ICT issues in their
309:
developing a practical guide to sustainable IT. It offers a detailed, "hands-on" introduction to thinking about sustainable computing holistically; starting with the choices you make when buying technology, through to the software and peripherals you use, how you store and work with information,
223:
APC started Gender, Agriculture and Rural
Development in the Information Society (GenARDIS) in 2002. This project was launched to provide small grants for the agricultural initiatives by women. The access to new information and communication technologies affected rural men and women and improved
758:
into evaluations of initiatives that use information and communications technologies (ICTs) for social change. It is an evaluation tool for determining whether ICTs are really improving or worsening women’s lives and gender relations, as well as for promoting positive change at the individual,
356:
APC is governed by the board of directors which include an executive director, a chair, a vice-chair, a treasurer and any other officers elected by APC council. The executive officer is a past board member and all other officers are elected for a three-year term during APC council meeting. The
183:
The APC Women's
Networking Support Programme (APC - WNSP) co-coordinated a women's network to bring an NGO perspective to the UN Beijing +5 review. Official declarations promote ICT as a way of enhancing NGO participation in global media policy making. It also gives recommendations for women's
333:
The second strategic plan was released defining five priorities for 2013–2016: securing and defending internet access and rights, fostering good internet governance, strengthening use and development of transformative technology, ending technology-based violence against women and girls and
273:
APC priorities for 2009–2012 period were: advocate for affordable internet for all, make technology work to sustain environment, use emerging technology for social change, build collaborative open online space, secure and defend internet rights and improve internet and other governance.
1088:
In fact, the first informal agreement to create APC was reached at an
Interdoc–sponsored conference during May of 1990 in Amsterdam. At the meeting seven existing bulletin boards agreed to amend their hardware and software creating a seamless transparent network based upon the UUCP
215:
In May 2001, APC and partners started work on building a portal which collects training materials related to ICT for social change. This portal, named Itrain Online, is an entry point for finding the best computer training resources on the web for the social change and development.
152:
In 1988, on the verge of APC creation, Mitra Ardron describes the central characteristic of the future APC user, present operations and the history of APC precedents: PeaceNet, EcoNet and GreenNet. He also expresses a common commitment to global communication available to everyone.
261:
training people from 680 organisations in technology for social change and ICT policy from 2004-2008, organizing a press conference in Tunisia to address the host government's suppression of free speech in the wake of the second World Summit on the Information Society, launching
219:
The first APC Internet Rights Charter was published in three languages: English, French and Spanish. The themes: internet access for all, freedom of expression and association, access to knowledge, shared learning and creation, privacy, governance and rights were addressed.
808:
397:
245:
APC joined Internet Governance Forum for the first time in 2008. A statement to IGF open consultations was submitted before the third IGF supporting regional IGF meetings and giving suggestions about themes and content of the meeting in Hyderabad.
2463:
The Association for Progressive Communications (South Africa/international) with the project Global Information Society Watch (GISWatch) in category C1: The role of public governance authorities and all stakeholders in the promotion of ICTs for
813:
357:
council is made up of the two representatives from each member organization and it is a secondary governing body that meets every three years. Besides, electing the board officers, it also sets strategic priorities.
212:): "APC works to achieve a world in which all people have easy, equal and affordable access to the creative potential of the internet to improve their lives and create more democratic and egalitarian societies.".
303:, a dedicated edition on a defence of human rights and women's rights workers working online, GISWatch 2012 focused on the Internet and corruption, as well as 2 updates to GISWatch 2011: Update 1 and Update II,
227:
The ICT policy handbook for beginners was published in 2003 together with a tri-lingual ICT policy training for civil society curriculum which includes a special section on advocacy for positive policy change.
306:
designing a manual called "Communicating research for influence: Strategies and challenges for bringing about change" based on their success stories and challenges in communicating research for influence,
231:
APC stimulated multi-stakeholder dialogue as part of the Catalysing Access to ICTs in Africa (CATIA) programme, and trained 100 technology enthusiasts in Africa to set up community wireless networks.
1121:
Our commitment is to truly global communication - communication available to the social inventors. the grassroots activists, and the organizational leaders creating a future that works for everyone.
1144:
In 1987, together with Mark Graham of IGC, we co-founded the Association for Progressive Communications (APC) to spread our model of nationally operated non-profit networks to other countries.
242:, a 16 days of activism against gender-based violence (25 Nov - 10 Dec), started in 2006. This campaign engages information and communication technology in helping end gender-based violence.
200:
A legal threat to freedom of information online came from the company Biwater and involved APC member LabourNet, April 1997. Thirteen APC members mirrored the threatened content.
2515:
1604:
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ICT platform at hand (mobile phones, instant messengers, blogs, websites, digital cameras, email, podcasts and more) as part of their activism against gender-based violence.
197:
and plan as well as women's program were discussed. A powerful statement from the meeting was published as The Holy Family Communiqué from African Electronic Communicators.
168:
The cooperation continues over the years. APC received consultative status to the UN with the several quadrennial reports submitted over the years. APC also cooperated with
2064:
161:
Collaboration between APC and the United Nations began in 1992, in preparation for the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), more popularly known as the
920:
Valeria Betancourt, Communications and Information Policy Programme manager, wins LACNIC's Outstanding Achievement Award, honouring internet leaders in the LAC region
1405:
However, without action on a number of issues, too many African people will be relegated to the role of passive spectator as the global information society takes off.
947:
Take Back the Tech! (South Africa) won GEM Award 2014 in category 6: Efforts to Reduce Threats Online and Building Women's Confidence and Security in the Use of ICTs.
657:
176:. The studies of violence against women and ICTs in ten countries and how legislation or lack of it hinders or helps women were conducted and published as a part of
2588:
2423:"EFF Announces 2015 Pioneer Award Winners: Caspar Bowden, Citizen Lab, Anriette Esterhuysen and the Association for Progressive Communications, and Kathy Sierra"
2651:
2352:
347:
APC co-organised the second (2014) and third (2015) editions of the African School on Internet Governance, with graduates from more than 15 African countries.
208:
2000 was a turning point for APC. The new vision statement drafted at an APC council meeting held in Piriapolis, Uruguay hosted by the Third World Institute (
2646:
1064:
887:. ActionApps were first developed by APC and released to the free and open source software community. Development continues strongly in South America.
1693:
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countries. Themes covered include environment and ICTs, human rights and the internet and internet infrastructure. There is a Giswatch book website.
776:
325:. Over one hundred communications activists also attend a Networking and Learning Forum to strategise for an open, fair and sustainable internet.
250:
2422:
249:
The first edition of Global Information Society Watch was published, focused on citizen participation in ICT policy processes in the wake of the
2244:"Gender Evaluation Methodology for Internet and ICTs: A learning tool for change and empowerment - Association for Progressive Communications"
1381:
516:
2544:
169:
2327:
1494:
900:
APC is awarding Chris Nicol free/libre open source software award (FLOSS or FOSS). The criteria and 2014 and 2007 winners are published.
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87:
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offline which is very important in the countries with the pour infrastructure (phone lines, electrical supply and hardware).
1326:
1280:
1024:
All people have easy and affordable access to a free and open internet to improve their lives and create a more just world.
2596:
2529:
1629:
869:
751:
730:
615:
315:
1351:
651:
253:. These reports are accessible yearly and are a joint initiative with the Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation
2065:"Dominican Republic guarantees women's equality in technology initiatives and policies across the country using APC GEM"
529:
177:
173:
2600:
1549:
917:
Karen Banks and the APC Women's Networking Support Programme are awarded the Anita Borg Prize for Social Impact (2004).
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
2148:"Communication rights ten years after the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS): Civil society perceptions"
535:
125:
799:
GISWatch 2017 Special Issue - Internet governance from the edges - National and regional IGFs in their own words
706:
66:, especially in developing countries, APC were often the first providers of Internet in their member countries.
961:
957:
2573:
2559:
1179:
804:
GISWatch 2017 Special Issue - Unshackling expression - A study on laws criminalising expression online in Asia
553:
1988:
1963:
1076:
865:
504:
1579:
321:
The eleventh face-to-face APC council meeting is held on Panglao Island in the Philippines, hosted by the
59:
51:
344:
was published on communication rights ten years after the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS).
1327:
Alternative Assessment of Women and Media based on NGO Reviews of Section J, Beijing Platform for Action
1157:
771:, a Dutch organization for development, which looks at the progress being made in creating an inclusive
645:
440:
1845:
956:
Beginning at 10.15 BST on Thursday 1 August 2013 GreenNet, and consequently APC, suffered an extensive
670:
2261:
1798:
17:
1873:
1769:
923:
APC's Executive Director Anriette Esterhuysen and Finance Manager Karen Banks are inducted into the
2372:
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772:
606:
239:
1890:
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ActionApps offer a low cost solution for content sharing that both increases the functionality of
547:
262:
2523:
2094:
1643:
1253:
1226:
565:
510:
2447:
1502:
1158:"Enabling civil society participation in global policy-making: The APC and the United Nations"
1043:
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688:
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1745:
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724:
583:
559:
428:
121:
2123:
1383:
APC Africa Strategy Development Meeting report, Feb. 8-11, 1997, Johannesburg, South Africa
694:
284:
starting research on the real lived experiences of women around the internet and sexuality,
1938:
1891:"Connecting your rights: Internet rights are economic, social and cultural rights (ESCRs)"
969:
755:
908:
1465:
1039:
Non-Governmental Organizations in World Politics: The Construction of Global Governance
296:
108:
55:
35:
1102:
787:
GIS Watch 2019 - Artificial intelligence: human rights, social justice and development
16:
This article is about Association for Progressive Communications. For other uses, see
2640:
2348:
884:
880:
633:
627:
571:
91:
63:
32:
434:
410:
162:
131:
47:
31:) is an international network of organizations that was founded in 1990 to provide
1444:
1418:
794:
GISWatch 2017 - National and Regional Internet Governance Forum Initiatives (NRIs)
1580:"GenARDIS 2002-2010: Small grants that made big changes for women in agriculture"
1330:
1037:
1284:
676:
396:
310:
manage your security, save power, and maintain and dispose of your old hardware.
658:
Collaboration on International ICT Policy for East and Southern Africa (CIPESA)
1355:
991:
960:. The attack was later described as a "DNS reflection attack" also known as a
876:
1133:
2219:
1557:
981:
767:
Global Information Society Watch is an annual report co-produced by APC and
736:
Society for Promotion of Alternative Computing and Employment (SPACE), India
712:
411:
Alternatives, Action and Communication Network for International Development
2171:
2310:"APC Chris Nicol FLOSS Prize - Association for Progressive Communications"
2195:
986:
541:
486:
422:
97:
39:
1668:
930:
APC's Executive Director Anriette Esterhuysen and APC were awarded the
872:
639:
600:
587:
300:
135:
115:
2328:"Nominate a free software initiative for the Chris Nicol FLOSS Prize!"
1110:
38th Annual Conference of the International Communications Association
2039:
1065:"Interdoc: The first international non–governmental computer network"
809:
GISWatch 2016 - Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Internet
492:
142:
101:
2013:
1305:
2309:
2243:
2147:
1524:
907:
768:
453:
254:
43:
2373:"LACNIC HONORS TEN LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN INTERNET LEADERS"
1103:"Why the Association for Progressive Communications is different"
2560:"Cyber Attacks Strike Zimbabweans Around Controversial Election"
1721:
1424:
996:
471:
292:
209:
373:
Osama Manzar, Digital Empowerment Foundation, India (Treasurer)
2545:"Zimbabwe's Presidential Election Accompanied by Cyberattacks"
2518:. The Inquirer. Archived from the original on August 10, 2013.
1019:
819:
GISWatch 2014 - Communications surveillance in the digital age
1799:"First announcement and call for support CSIS Press release"
1306:"Violence against women and ICTs: Reports from 10 countries"
42:-based applications, to groups and individuals who work for
1827:
1281:"Dialogue and Exchange Workshop Convened by UNDP & APC"
1260:
1254:"United Nations Economic and Social Council Decisions 2004"
1233:
1227:"United Nations Economic and Social Council Decisions 2008"
1206:
1200:"United Nations Economic and Social Council Decisions 2012"
367:
Valentina Pelizzer, OWPSEE, Bosnia-Herzegovina (Vice-chair)
318:(GEM) as a tool to design and evaluate their ICT policies.
184:
portrayal, decision making and advocacy in media industry.
2291:
2269:
844:
GISWatch 2009 - Access to Online Information and Knowledge
1914:
2625:
483:
RITS (Information Network for the Third Sector), Brazil
2631:
2102:
517:
AsociaciĂłn Trinidad ComunicaciĂłn, Cultura y Desarrollo
912:
Anriette Esterhuysen at Stockholm Internet Forum 2014
839:
GISWatch 2010 - ICTs and Environmental Sustainability
725:
Voices for Interactive Choice and Empowerment (VOICE)
337:
The realization of this plan included the following:
172:. APC actively participate in UN initiatives such as
2516:"Zimbabwe election hit by hacking and DDoS attacks"
834:
GISWatch 2011 - Internet rights and democratisation
612:
Arid Lands Information Network (East Africa), Kenya
281:
launching Internet Rights and Human Rights project,
2501:"Zimbabweans Hit By Cyber Attacks During Election"
400:Association for Progressive Communications members
1419:"LabourNet Fights For Unions' Free Speech Rights"
370:Liz Probert, GreenNet, United Kingdom (Secretary)
2589:"Brand new gag: the hidden war on press freedom"
2398:"Internet Hall of Fame Announces 2013 Inductees"
1101:Ardron, Mitra; Miller, Deborah L. (1988-05-29).
487:Networks & Development Foundation - FUNREDES
149:databases of information and software on disks.
1329:(Report). WomenAction2000 - CSW. Archived from
824:GISWatch 2013 - Women's rights, gender and ICTs
754:is an evaluation methodology that integrates a
499:Núcleo de Pesquisas, Estudos e Formação (Nupef)
2626:The Association for Progressive Communications
1134:"Mitra Ardron's archive of early APC material"
814:GISWatch 2015 - Sexual Rights and the Internet
719:Bangladesh Friendship Education Society (BFES)
360:APC board 2014–2016 was elected in Barcelona:
178:promoting gender equality and empowering women
2353:Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology
1828:"GenderIT.org - Changing the way you see ICT"
1441:"Internet Censorship Case Study: Biwater plc"
1368:Latin America and Central and Eastern Europe.
992:United Nations Information Technology Service
944:GISWatch wins WSIS Project Prize from the ITU
8:
1939:"GISWatch 2012: the internet and corruption"
364:Julián Casabuenas, Colnodo, Colombia (Chair)
1014:
1012:
829:GISWatch 2012 - The internet and corruption
2262:"APC Women's Networking Support Programme"
2095:"APC Networking and Learning Forum - Home"
1389:. IDRC, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Archived from
1112:. New Orleans, Louisiana: GreenNet and APC
466:FundaciĂłn Escuela Latinoamericana de Redes
25:Association for Progressive Communications
2632:International Development Research Centre
2628:(English, French, Spanish and Portuguese)
964:Several sources linked the attack to the
879:sites so as to improve the visibility of
849:GISWatch 2008 - Access to Infrastructure
775:worldwide (particularly in implementing
395:
291:: 2010 addressed the pressing issues of
2574:"GreenNet service update 9 August 2013"
2172:"AFRICAN SCHOOL ON INTERNET GOVERNANCE"
1694:APC statement to IGF Open Consultations
1008:
777:World Summit on the Information Society
385:Anriette Esterhuysen, APC, South Africa
376:John Dada, Fantsuam Foundation, Nigeria
314:The Dominican government chooses APC's
251:World Summit on the Information Society
2521:
2349:"2004 Social Impact ABIE Award Winner"
2014:"Communicating Research for Influence"
334:strengthening APC community networks.
2587:Dawson, Tim (October–November 2013).
2040:"A practical guide to sustainable IT"
1846:APC's Strategic Action Plan 2009-2012
1630:"Catalysing Access to ICTs in Africa"
382:Chim Manavy, Open Institute, Cambodia
329:2013–2016 strategic plan and progress
269:2009–2012 strategic plan and progress
7:
2652:Information technology organizations
2124:"APC Strategic Priorities 2013–2016"
1352:"In the beginning there was FIDO..."
731:Digital Empowerment Foundation (DEF)
616:Community Education Computer Society
170:United Nations Development Programme
2292:"Where are we watching? - GISWatch"
1605:"ICT Policy: A Beginner's Handbook"
1063:Murphy, Brian Martin (2005-05-02).
746:Gender evaluation methodology (GEM)
652:Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet)
417:Institute for Global Communications
277:The strategic plan was realized by
88:Institute for Global Communications
1042:. Global Institutions. Routledge.
875:, and facilitates the creation of
790:GISWatch 2018 - Community networks
14:
2647:Organizations established in 1990
891:Evaluations, awards and criticism
701:Korean Progressive Network Center
683:Foundation for Media Alternatives
642:- Women of Uganda Network, Uganda
472:Instituto del Tercer Mundo (ITeM)
323:Foundation for Media Alternatives
1180:"Cuba: Internet o inĂcio de APC"
927:'s Internet Hall of Fame (2013)
883:information. They are driven by
763:Global Information Society Watch
342:Global Information Society Watch
289:Global Information Society Watch
2558:Brewster, Thomas (2013-08-06).
2448:"GISWatch wins WSIS Prize 2012"
448:Latin America and the Caribbean
419:(IGC), United States of America
379:Lillian Nalwoga, CIPESA, Uganda
932:Electronic Frontier Foundation
1:
2597:National Union of Journalists
2543:Kovacs, Eduard (2013-08-07).
1874:APC Progress Report 2009-2012
1770:APC Progress Report 2004-2008
1525:"APC Internet Rights Charter"
1178:Afonso, Carlos (2007-01-15).
854:GISWatch 2007 - Participation
752:Gender Evaluation Methodology
316:Gender Evaluation Methodology
52:protection of the environment
2503:. SlashdotMedia. 2013-08-07.
1703:(Report). Geneva. 2008-02-26
530:BlueLink Information Network
174:Millennium Development Goals
83:APC was founded in 1990 by:
1607:. APC. 2003. Archived from
783:GISWatch editions by year:
2673:
2514:Orion, Egan (2013-08-07).
1746:"Wireless LAC (TRICALCAR)"
1669:"About Take Back The Tech"
707:Open Institute of Cambodia
536:Computer Aid International
443:, United States of America
425:, United States of America
15:
2528:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1989:"GISWatch 2011 Update II"
224:agricultural production.
1964:"GISWatch 2011 Update I"
1466:APC Annual Report - 2000
1354:GreenNet. Archived from
1036:Willetts, Peter (2010).
554:Metamorphosis Foundation
58:. Pioneering the use of
2599:: 14–16. Archived from
2576:. GreenNet. 2013-08-09.
1495:"About this Initiative"
703:(Jinbonet), South Korea
648:, Republic of the Congo
79:Background and creation
1439:Bailey, Chris (2000).
934:'s 2015 Pioneer Award.
913:
679:, Australia, Indonesia
505:ONG Derechos Digitales
401:
2657:Privacy organizations
1554:Genardis.apcwomen.org
911:
441:May First/People Link
399:
2220:"Board of directors"
2069:Genderevaluation.net
618:(CECS), South Africa
562:, Bosnia-Herzegovina
489:, Dominican Republic
468:(EsLaRed), Venezuela
18:APC (disambiguation)
1675:. 30 September 2014
1673:Takebackthetech.net
1075:(5). Archived from
939:Awards for programs
773:information society
607:Fantsuam Foundation
590:for German article)
240:Take Back The Tech!
2562:. TechWeek Europe.
2477:"GEM 2014 Winners"
1550:"GenARDIS Website"
1325:Shivdas, Meena M.
966:Zimbabwe Elections
914:
685:(FMA), Philippines
646:AZUR DĂ©veloppement
402:
2272:on 2 October 2009
2075:on 20 August 2016
1644:"Wireless Africa"
1380:SANGONeT (1997).
671:Bytes for All.org
2664:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2603:on 30 March 2014
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2402:Internet Society
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2268:. Archived from
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2110:
2101:. Archived from
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2071:. Archived from
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2010:
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1620:
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1601:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1560:on 18 March 2017
1556:. Archived from
1546:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1505:on 31 March 2022
1501:. Archived from
1499:Itrainonline.org
1491:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1470:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1443:. Archived from
1436:
1430:
1429:
1423:The Dispatcher,
1414:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1388:
1377:
1371:
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1338:
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1313:
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1302:
1296:
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1293:
1292:
1283:. Archived from
1277:
1271:
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952:2013 DDoS Attack
904:Awards to people
584:ComLink, Germany
544:, United Kingdom
538:, United Kingdom
122:Pegasus Networks
104:, United Kingdom
2672:
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2063:
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2048:
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2037:
2036:
2032:
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2020:
2012:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1995:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1972:
1970:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1923:
1921:
1919:Erotics.apc.org
1913:
1912:
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1156:O’Brien, Rory.
1155:
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1127:
1115:
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1057:
1050:
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1018:
1017:
1010:
1005:
978:
970:Andrew Jennings
954:
941:
906:
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893:
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756:gender analysis
748:
743:
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392:
354:
331:
271:
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206:
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2668:
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2649:
2639:
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2621:
2620:External links
2618:
2615:
2614:
2593:The Journalist
2579:
2565:
2550:
2535:
2506:
2492:
2468:
2452:Groups.itu.int
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1000:
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962:spoofed attack
953:
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936:
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866:not-for-profit
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636:, South Africa
631:
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625:
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297:climate change
285:
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205:
202:
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186:
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109:Rio de Janeiro
105:
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77:
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56:sustainability
36:infrastructure
13:
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2177:
2173:
2167:
2164:
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2149:
2143:
2140:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2105:on 2018-03-20
2104:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2045:
2041:
2038:Mobbs, Paul.
2034:
2031:
2019:
2015:
2009:
2006:
1994:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1956:
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1806:Iris.sgdg.org
1800:
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1649:
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1636:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1611:on 2014-11-19
1610:
1606:
1600:
1597:
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1575:
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1559:
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1504:
1500:
1496:
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1461:
1458:
1447:on 2016-03-03
1446:
1442:
1435:
1432:
1427:
1426:
1420:
1417:Rein, Marcy.
1413:
1410:
1406:
1396:on 2013-08-31
1392:
1385:
1384:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1358:on 2016-03-03
1357:
1353:
1347:
1344:
1333:on 2022-04-01
1332:
1328:
1321:
1318:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1287:on 2011-08-01
1286:
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1276:
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1126:
1122:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1079:on 2016-03-09
1078:
1074:
1070:
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1059:
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1049:9781136848537
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885:free software
882:
881:civil society
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572:StrawberryNet
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64:civil society
61:
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33:communication
30:
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2605:. Retrieved
2601:the original
2592:
2582:
2568:
2553:
2547:. Softpedia.
2538:
2509:
2495:
2486:
2480:. Retrieved
2471:
2462:
2455:. Retrieved
2451:
2442:
2431:. Retrieved
2429:. 2015-08-26
2417:
2406:. Retrieved
2404:. 2013-06-26
2392:
2381:. Retrieved
2379:. 2012-10-31
2376:
2367:
2356:. Retrieved
2343:
2332:. Retrieved
2330:. 2014-05-03
2322:
2313:
2304:
2296:Giswatch.org
2295:
2286:
2274:. Retrieved
2270:the original
2266:Apcwomen.org
2265:
2256:
2247:
2238:
2227:. Retrieved
2223:
2214:
2203:. Retrieved
2199:
2196:"Governance"
2190:
2179:. Retrieved
2175:
2166:
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2151:
2142:
2131:. Retrieved
2127:
2118:
2107:. Retrieved
2103:the original
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2077:. Retrieved
2073:the original
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2047:. Retrieved
2043:
2033:
2021:. Retrieved
2017:
2008:
1996:. Retrieved
1993:Giswatch.org
1992:
1983:
1971:. Retrieved
1968:Giswatch.org
1967:
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1946:. Retrieved
1943:Giswatch.org
1942:
1933:
1922:. Retrieved
1918:
1909:
1898:. Retrieved
1894:
1885:
1868:
1857:. Retrieved
1852:
1840:
1832:Genderit.org
1831:
1822:
1810:. Retrieved
1808:. 2005-10-24
1805:
1793:
1781:. Retrieved
1776:
1764:
1753:. Retrieved
1749:
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1726:Giswatch.org
1725:
1716:
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1700:
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1677:. Retrieved
1672:
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1651:. Retrieved
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1558:the original
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1532:. Retrieved
1528:
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1503:the original
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1489:
1477:. Retrieved
1472:
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1445:the original
1434:
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1398:. Retrieved
1391:the original
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1360:. Retrieved
1356:the original
1346:
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1331:the original
1320:
1309:. Retrieved
1300:
1289:. Retrieved
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1221:
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1194:
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1173:
1162:. Retrieved
1151:
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1128:
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1109:
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1081:. Retrieved
1077:the original
1072:
1069:First Monday
1068:
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513:, Costa Rica
435:Web Networks
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28:
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2099:nlf.apc.org
1020:"APC about"
958:DDoS attack
677:EngageMedia
556:, Macedonia
495:, Argentina
480:, Argentina
287:publishing
128:, Australia
118:, Nicaragua
2641:Categories
2595:. London:
2482:2015-07-28
2457:7 November
2433:2015-09-15
2408:2015-09-07
2383:2015-09-07
2377:Lacnic.net
2358:2015-07-25
2334:2015-09-07
2276:7 November
2229:2015-07-29
2205:2015-07-29
2181:2015-10-15
2157:2015-07-29
2133:2015-07-29
2109:2011-06-20
2079:7 November
2049:7 November
2023:7 November
1998:7 November
1973:7 November
1948:7 November
1924:2015-07-29
1900:2015-07-29
1859:2015-07-29
1812:7 November
1783:7 November
1755:2015-07-28
1731:2015-07-28
1722:"GISWatch"
1707:2015-07-28
1679:2015-07-28
1653:7 November
1615:2015-07-25
1590:2015-07-25
1564:7 November
1534:7 November
1509:7 November
1479:7 November
1451:2015-07-25
1400:2015-07-25
1362:2015-07-21
1337:2015-07-25
1311:2015-07-29
1291:2015-07-28
1266:2015-07-21
1239:2015-07-21
1212:2015-07-21
1185:2015-07-20
1164:2015-07-20
1139:2015-07-21
1116:2015-07-20
1083:2015-10-11
1003:References
860:ActionApps
709:, Cambodia
634:Women'sNet
588:de:CL-Netz
566:Pangea.org
532:, Bulgaria
519:, Paraguay
511:Sulá Batsú
462:, Colombia
390:Membership
188:Late 1990s
2524:cite news
1915:"EROTICS"
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1089:protocol.
982:Geekcorps
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609:, Nigeria
580:, Croatia
574:, Romania
550:, Hungary
474:, Uruguay
352:Structure
235:2004–2008
204:2000–2003
157:UN status
141:NordNet,
126:Byron Bay
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2607:23 April
1855:(Report)
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1475:(Report)
987:NetCorps
976:See also
873:websites
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622:SANGONeT
578:ZaMirNet
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501:, Brazil
478:NODO TAU
437:, Canada
431:, Mexico
423:LaborNet
413:, Canada
138:, Canada
111:, Brazil
98:GreenNet
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2314:Apc.org
2248:Apc.org
2224:Apc.org
2200:Apc.org
2176:Apc.org
2152:Apc.org
2128:Apc.org
2044:Apc.org
2018:Apc.org
1895:Apc.org
1853:Apc.org
1777:Apc.org
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1648:Apc.org
1529:Apc.org
1473:Apc.org
877:portals
741:Actions
733:, India
697:, Japan
691:, Japan
689:JCA-NET
654:, Kenya
640:WOUGNET
603:, Egypt
601:ArabDev
568:, Spain
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460:Colnodo
301:e-waste
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116:Managua
107:IBASE,
90:(IGC),
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1586:. 2010
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429:LaNeta
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102:London
54:, and
1877:(PDF)
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1106:(PDF)
896:FLOSS
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586:(See
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1975:2017
1950:2017
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