24:
138:
mark the start of identification by women with peace work. According to the historian Sandi Cooper, Goegg was responding to the growing militarism of
Prussia and aimed for, "the re-education of mothers to prevent another generation of boys trained to respect the false idols of national glory through
175:
In June 1872 a communique was issued that called for a meeting at the home of Julie von May von Rued in Bern to organize a new association called
Solidarité: Association pour la défense des droits de la femme (Solidarity: Association for the Defense of Women's Rights). Signatories included
142:
The AIF was the first transnational women's organization. It was concerned with women's suffrage and with secular education. The association demanded "equality in salary, in instruction, in the family, and in the law". An AIF membership card issued to
147:
of
Copenhagen in December 1870 states that its goals were, "To work for the moral and intellectual advancement of woman, for the gradual amelioration of her position in society by calling for her human, civil, economic and political rights."
107:) was a short-lived feminist and pacifist organization based in Geneva that was active between 1868 and 1872. It demanded full equality between men and women. This was too radical for many feminists at the time.
127:. On 8 March 1868 the journal published Goegg's proposal to create an international association of women in connection with the league. This became the Association Internationale des Femmes (AIF).
168:. However, the association failed to develop a strong organizational foundation. By 1872 the AIF was viewed with suspicion, since the word "International" was associated with the
156:
The association's position was too extreme for many middle-class women, so the number of members remained relatively small. The association's activities were disrupted by the 1870
601:
123:(1826–99) was active in the International Peace and Freedom League when it was founded in 1867, became a member of its central committee and edited the league's journal
581:
611:
160:, but it was revived by Goegg at the end of 1870. The organization received international coverage in pacifist and feminist publications, such as the journal
621:
591:
606:
586:
616:
23:
555:
525:
498:
471:
444:
417:
390:
363:
626:
596:
165:
120:
87:
382:
Patriotic
Pacifism : Waging War on War in Europe, 1815-1914: Waging War on War in Europe, 1815-1914
157:
115:
The origins of the association may perhaps be traced to the 1854 proposal by the
Swedish feminist
177:
131:
551:
521:
515:
494:
467:
461:
440:
434:
413:
407:
386:
380:
359:
545:
488:
353:
185:
181:
116:
575:
541:
184:
of
England, Christine Lazzati of Milan and the German feminists Rosalie Schönwasser,
169:
144:
355:
From
Motherhood to Citizenship: Women's Rights and International Organizations
188:
and Julie KĂĽhne. Marie Goegg-Pouchoulin was also active in this organization.
409:
Women, Militarism, and War: Essays in
History, Politics, and Social Theory
119:
for a women-only organization dedicated to peace. The Swiss feminist
28:
Membership application form with extract of the AIF statutes
218:
216:
214:
212:
283:
281:
279:
172:. Members were also divided over Goegg's leadership.
81:
73:
65:
57:
49:
41:
33:
463:European Feminisms, 1700-1950: A Political History
37:Association pour la défense des droits de la femme
406:Elshtain, Jean Bethke; Tobias, Sheila (1990).
203:
8:
16:
335:
22:
15:
323:
222:
602:Peace organisations based in Switzerland
246:
196:
490:Encyclopedia of Women Social Reformers
234:
582:Feminist organisations in Switzerland
311:
299:
287:
270:
258:
97:Association internationale des femmes
17:Association internationale des femmes
7:
612:Organizations disestablished in 1872
517:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
164:, edited and published in Italy by
622:1868 establishments in Switzerland
592:Former international organizations
105:International Association of Women
14:
607:Organizations established in 1868
436:Documenting First Wave Feminisms
385:. Oxford University Press, USA.
352:Berkovitch, Nitza (1999-04-29).
134:'s feminist and pacifist weekly
439:. University of Toronto Press.
379:Cooper, Sandi E. (1991-11-11).
433:Moynagh, Maureen Anne (2012).
1:
617:Organisations based in Geneva
514:Schelbert, Leo (2007-04-23).
466:. Stanford University Press.
130:Foundation of the AIF and of
587:Women's rights organizations
412:. Rowman & Littlefield.
643:
204:Elshtain & Tobias 1990
487:Rappaport, Helen (2001).
21:
460:Offen, Karen M. (2000).
166:Alaide Gualberta Beccari
136:La Paix des Deux Mondes
125:Les États-Unis d'Europe
627:1872 disestablishments
121:Marie Goegg-Pouchoulin
88:Marie Goegg-Pouchoulin
520:. Scarecrow Press.
302:, pp. 150–151.
158:Franco-Prussian War
139:military conquest.
77:Geneva, Switzerland
18:
178:Caroline de Barrau
597:Pacifist feminism
557:978-0-8147-2794-2
527:978-0-8108-6447-4
500:978-1-57607-101-4
473:978-0-8047-3420-2
446:978-0-8020-9134-5
419:978-0-8476-7470-1
392:978-0-19-536343-2
365:978-0-8018-6028-7
93:
92:
634:
567:
565:
564:
537:
535:
534:
510:
508:
507:
483:
481:
480:
456:
454:
453:
429:
427:
426:
402:
400:
399:
375:
373:
372:
339:
333:
327:
326:, p. 60-61.
321:
315:
309:
303:
297:
291:
285:
274:
268:
262:
256:
250:
244:
238:
232:
226:
220:
207:
201:
186:Marianne Menzzer
182:Josephine Butler
26:
19:
642:
641:
637:
636:
635:
633:
632:
631:
572:
571:
570:
562:
560:
558:
547:Global Feminism
540:
532:
530:
528:
513:
505:
503:
501:
486:
478:
476:
474:
459:
451:
449:
447:
432:
424:
422:
420:
405:
397:
395:
393:
378:
370:
368:
366:
351:
347:
342:
336:Berkovitch 1999
334:
330:
322:
318:
310:
306:
298:
294:
286:
277:
269:
265:
257:
253:
245:
241:
233:
229:
221:
210:
202:
198:
194:
154:
132:Eugénie Niboyet
117:Fredrika Bremer
113:
84:
29:
12:
11:
5:
640:
638:
630:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
574:
573:
569:
568:
556:
544:(2006-07-01).
538:
526:
511:
499:
484:
472:
457:
445:
430:
418:
403:
391:
376:
364:
348:
346:
343:
341:
340:
328:
324:Rappaport 2001
316:
314:, p. 150.
304:
292:
290:, p. 151.
275:
263:
261:, p. 126.
251:
249:, p. 353.
239:
237:, p. 290.
227:
225:, p. 143.
223:Schelbert 2007
208:
206:, p. 145.
195:
193:
190:
153:
150:
112:
109:
91:
90:
85:
82:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
69:Women's rights
67:
63:
62:
59:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
43:
39:
38:
35:
31:
30:
27:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
639:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
579:
577:
559:
553:
550:. NYU Press.
549:
548:
543:
539:
529:
523:
519:
518:
512:
502:
496:
492:
491:
485:
475:
469:
465:
464:
458:
448:
442:
438:
437:
431:
421:
415:
411:
410:
404:
394:
388:
384:
383:
377:
367:
361:
358:. JHU Press.
357:
356:
350:
349:
344:
338:, p. 65.
337:
332:
329:
325:
320:
317:
313:
308:
305:
301:
296:
293:
289:
284:
282:
280:
276:
273:, p. 55.
272:
267:
264:
260:
255:
252:
248:
243:
240:
236:
231:
228:
224:
219:
217:
215:
213:
209:
205:
200:
197:
191:
189:
187:
183:
179:
173:
171:
170:Paris Commune
167:
163:
159:
151:
149:
146:
145:Matilde Bajer
140:
137:
133:
128:
126:
122:
118:
110:
108:
106:
102:
98:
89:
86:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
25:
20:
561:. Retrieved
546:
531:. Retrieved
516:
504:. Retrieved
493:. ABC-CLIO.
489:
477:. Retrieved
462:
450:. Retrieved
435:
423:. Retrieved
408:
396:. Retrieved
381:
369:. Retrieved
354:
331:
319:
307:
295:
266:
254:
247:Moynagh 2012
242:
230:
199:
174:
161:
155:
141:
135:
129:
124:
114:
104:
100:
96:
94:
74:Headquarters
542:Tripp, Aili
235:Cooper 1991
180:of France,
61:Association
576:Categories
563:2014-11-21
533:2014-11-21
506:2014-11-21
479:2014-10-23
452:2014-11-21
425:2014-11-21
398:2014-11-21
371:2014-11-21
312:Offen 2000
300:Offen 2000
288:Offen 2000
271:Tripp 2006
259:Offen 2000
192:References
111:Foundation
50:Dissolved
42:Formation
34:Successor
345:Sources
152:History
83:Founder
66:Purpose
554:
524:
497:
470:
443:
416:
389:
362:
162:Woman
552:ISBN
522:ISBN
495:ISBN
468:ISBN
441:ISBN
414:ISBN
387:ISBN
360:ISBN
95:The
58:Type
53:1872
45:1868
101:AIF
578::
278:^
211:^
103:;
566:.
536:.
509:.
482:.
455:.
428:.
401:.
374:.
99:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
