1075:
1540:. The costs and benefits of such actions are difficult to compute. It may not be clear whether the assassinated leader gets replaced with a more or less competent successor, whether the assassination provokes ire in the state in question, whether the assassination leads to souring domestic public opinion, and whether the assassination provokes condemnation from third-parties. One study found that perceptual biases held by leaders often negatively affect decision making in that area, and decisions to go forward with assassinations often reflect the vague hope that any successor might be better.
1828:
44:
1494:
2218:
636:
1772:, a figure that rose to 60% with "near-lethal approachers" (people apprehended before reaching their targets). That shows that while mental instability plays a role in many modern assassinations, the more delusional attackers are less likely to succeed in their attempts. The report also found that around two-thirds of attackers had previously been arrested, not necessarily for related offenses; 44% had a history of serious depression, and 39% had a history of substance abuse.
1944:
1303:
1793:, the position of an assassination target was more precarious. Bodyguards were no longer enough to deter determined killers, who no longer needed to engage directly or even to subvert the guard to kill the leader in question. Moreover, the engagement of targets at greater distances dramatically increased the chances for assassins to survive since they could quickly flee the scene. The first heads of government to be assassinated with a firearm were
609:
2173:, who act as a shield for the potential target; keep a lookout for potential attackers, sometimes in advance, such as on a parade route; and putting themselves in harm's way, both by simple presence, showing that physical force is available to protect the target, and by shielding the target if any attack occurs. To neutralize an attacker, bodyguards are typically armed as much as legal and practical concerns permit.
5443:
2286:
2154:
1843:
1997:
seen as detrimental to our interests... But killings in self-defense are no more "assassinations" in international affairs than they are murders when undertaken by our police forces against domestic killers. Targeted killings in self-defense have been authoritatively determined by the federal government to fall outside the assassination prohibition.
1115:'s works on the law of war strictly forbade assassinations, arguing that killing was only permissible on the battlefield. In the modern world, the killing of important people began to become more than a tool in power struggles between rulers themselves and was also used for political symbolism, such as in the
1864:
with a precision rifle is often used in fictional assassinations; however, certain pragmatic difficulties attend long-range shooting, including finding a hidden shooting position with a clear line of sight, detailed advance knowledge of the intended victim's travel plans, the ability to identify the
2231:
With the advent of gunpowder, ranged assassination via bombs or firearms became possible. One of the first reactions was simply to increase the guard, creating what at times might seem a small army trailing every leader. Another was to begin clearing large areas whenever a leader was present to the
1996:
When people call a targeted killing an "assassination", they are attempting to preclude debate on the merits of the action. Assassination is widely defined as murder, and is for that reason prohibited in the United States ... U.S. officials may not kill people merely because their policies are
1872:
Despite their comparative disadvantages, handguns are more easily concealable and so are much more commonly used than rifles. Of the 74 principal incidents evaluated in a major study about assassination attempts in the US in the second half of the 20th century, 51% were undertaken by a handgun, 30%
1110:
condemned assassinations in a 1598 publication where he appealed to the self-interest of leaders: (i) assassinations had adverse short-term consequences by arousing the ire of the assassinated leader's successor, and (ii) assassinations had the adverse long-term consequences of causing disorder and
2254:
Access to famous people also became more and more restricted; potential visitors would be forced through numerous different checks before being granted access to the official in question, and as communication became better and information technology more prevalent, it has become all but impossible
1543:
In both military and foreign policy assassinations, there is the risk that the target could be replaced by an even more competent leader, or that such a killing (or a failed attempt) will prompt the masses to contemn the killers and support the leader's cause more strongly. Faced with particularly
2073:
has become a frequent tactic of the United States and Israel in their fights against terrorism. The tactic can raise complex questions and lead to contentious disputes as to the legal basis for its application, who qualifies as an appropriate "hit list" target, and what circumstances must exist
2065:
The argument that this policy affords the public a sense of revenge and retribution could serve to justify acts both illegal and immoral. Clearly, lawbreakers ought to be punished. Yet, no matter how horrific their deeds, as the targeting of
Israeli civilians indeed is, they should be punished
2188:
a virtual hostage or killing the very leaders whom they were supposed to protect. The loyalty of individual bodyguards is an important question as well, especially for leaders who oversee states with strong ethnic or religious divisions. Failure to realize such divided loyalties allowed the
1764:
A major study about assassination attempts in the US in the second half of the 20th century came to the conclusion that most prospective assassins spend copious amounts of time planning and preparing for their attempts. Assassinations are thus rarely "impulsive" actions.
1896:
have not led to any legal results. However, after the fall of the Soviet Union, it was learned that the KGB had developed an umbrella that could inject ricin pellets into a victim, and two former KGB agents who defected stated that the agency assisted in the murder. The
1980:, wrote, "Assassinations and targeted killings are very different acts." The use of the term "assassination" is opposed, as it denotes murder (unlawful killing), but the terrorists are targeted in self-defense, which is thus viewed as a killing but not a crime (
2049:
may be used outside armed conflict zones only as a last resort to prevent imminent threats, when non-lethal means are not available. Targeting people who are suspected of terrorism for execution, far from any war zone, turns the whole world into a battlefield."
1645:
Insurgent groups have often employed assassination as a tool to further their causes. Assassinations provide several functions for such groups: the removal of specific enemies and as propaganda tools to focus the attention of media and politics on their cause.
807:
during their killings or during their indoctrination, there is debate as to whether these claims have merit, with many
Eastern writers and an increasing number of Western academics coming to believe that drug-taking was not the key feature behind the name.
2001:
Author and former U.S. Army
Captain Matthew J. Morgan argued that "there is a major difference between assassination and targeted killing... targeted killing not synonymous with assassination. Assassination... constitutes an illegal killing." Similarly,
1961:" who is not in the government's custody. The target is a person asserted to be taking part in an armed conflict or terrorism, by bearing arms or otherwise, who has thereby lost the immunity from being targeted that he would otherwise have under the
2303:
The methods used for protection by famous people have sometimes evoked negative reactions by the public, with some resenting the separation from their officials or major figures. One example might be traveling in a car protected by a bubble of clear
873:(23rd century BCE), is thought to be the earliest known victim of assassination, though written records are scant and thus evidence is circumstantial. Two further ancient Egyptian monarchs are more explicitly recorded to have been assassinated;
1752:, communist insurgents routinely assassinated government officials and individual civilians deemed to offend or rival the revolutionary movement. Such attacks, along with widespread military activity by insurgent bands, almost brought the
1321:
Most major powers repudiated Cold War assassination tactics, but many allege that was merely a smokescreen for political benefit and that covert and illegal training of assassins continues today, with Russia, Israel, the U.S.,
1030:
in 227 BC. Whilst many assassinations were performed by individuals or small groups, there were also specialized units who used a collective group of people to perform more than one assassination. The earliest were the
5362:
1564:
in Prague on May 27, 1942, by the
British and Czechoslovak government-in-exile. That case illustrates the difficulty of comparing the benefits of a foreign policy goal (strengthening the legitimacy and influence of the
5337:
2408:
1824:(RPG) has become a useful tool given the popularity of armored cars (discussed below), and Israeli forces have pioneered the use of aircraft-mounted missiles, as well as the innovative use of explosive devices.
1343:, the head of Iranian intelligence. Evidence indicates that Fallahian's personal involvement and individual responsibility for the murders were far more pervasive than his current indictment record represents.
1989:
1330:
of 1979, the new
Islamic government of Iran began an international campaign of assassination that lasted into the 1990s. At least 162 killings in 19 countries have been linked to the senior leadership of the
2200:
The bodyguard function was often executed by the leader's most loyal warriors, and it was extremely effective throughout most of early human history, which led assassins to attempt stealthy means, such as
2388:
5347:
1377:
2251:
also began to be used, but since they were of limited utility, restricting movement and leaving the head unprotected, they tended to be worn only during high-profile public events, if at all.
2320:, built following an attempt at his life. Politicians often resent the need for separation and sometimes send their bodyguards away from them for personal or publicity reasons. US President
4915:
2057:, the Israeli Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories, also stated in her article "By Any Name Illegal and Immoral: Response to 'Israel's Policy of Targeted Killing
1165:
2266:
Most modern assassinations have been committed either during a public performance or during transport, both because of weaker security and security lapses, such as with U.S. President
2343:
to look like the target, with the body double then taking the place of the person in high-risk situations. According to Joe R. Reeder, Under
Secretary of the Army from 1993 to 1997,
5491:
2026:
Peter Raven-Hansen wrote, "Targeted killing of terrorists is... not unlawful and would not constitute assassination." Rory Miller writes: "Targeted killing... is not 'assassination.
5317:
5312:
4900:
4770:
1734:, 1st Duke of Carrero-Blanco Grandee of Spain, in 1973. In the early 1990s, it also began to target academics, journalists and local politicians who publicly disagreed with it.
1633:
5297:
5332:
3359:
1669:, for that purpose, which had the effect of intimidating many policemen into resigning from the force. The Squad's activities peaked with the killing of 14 British agents in
5174:
2403:
3958:
5127:
5302:
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shooting. Countries such as the US (in
Pakistan and Yemen) and Israel (in the West Bank and Gaza) have used targeted killing to eliminate members of groups such as
1632:, along with eight other high-ranking military personnel. The assassination of the military leaders was part of escalating tensions between the US and Iran and the
4590:
5342:
3226:
1869:
is also expensive, often costing thousands of dollars because of the high level of precision machining and handfinishing required to achieve extreme accuracy.
3258:
1529:
also advises rulers to assassinate enemies whenever possible to prevent them from posing a threat. An army and even a nation might be based upon and around a
3667:
2255:
for a would-be killer to get close enough to the personage at work or in private life to effect an attempt on their life, especially with the common use of
5397:
4920:
3194:
1134:. Most of the assassinations in Japan were committed with bladed weaponry, a trait that was carried on into modern history. A video-record exists of the
5484:
5322:
4291:
582:. Many times governments and criminal groups order assassinations to be committed by their accomplices. Acts of assassination have been performed since
4630:
2074:
before the tactic may be used. Opinions range from people considering it a legal form of self-defense that decreases terrorism to people calling it an
2037:
also states on its website, "A program of targeted killing far from any battlefield, without charge or trial, violates the constitutional guarantee of
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1172:
3688:
5199:
2221:
1865:
target at long range, and the ability to score a first-round lethal hit at long range, which is usually measured in hundreds of meters. A dedicated
4910:
2235:
As the 20th century dawned, the prevalence and capability of assassins grew quickly, as did measures to protect against them. For the first time,
2137:
2023:
1265:
1693:
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1902:
1454:. Officials of the government proposed who to kill and the president decided who was going to get killed. In September 2011, American citizens
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Black's Law
Dictionary "the act of deliberately killing someone especially a public figure, usually for money or for political reasons" (
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2030:" Eric Patterson and Teresa Casale wrote, "Perhaps most important is the legal distinction between targeted killing and assassination."
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1135:
4649:
3089:
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2804:
2019:
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550:
4676:
Kretzmer, David (April 2005). "Targeted
Killing of Suspected Terrorists: Extra-Judicial Executions or Legitimate Means of Defence?".
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with a rifle or shotgun, 15% used knives, and 8% explosives (the use of multiple weapons/methods was reported in 16% of all cases).
1805:
and other explosives also allowed the use of bombs or even greater concentrations of explosives for deeds requiring a larger touch.
1450:. It included at least three Americans to be killed without any kind of court oversight and no trial, against the background of the
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884:(20th century BCE) is recorded to have been assassinated in his bed by his palace guards for reasons unknown (as related in the
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1827:
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5005:
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2129:
2034:
2018:, wrote, "There are strong reasons to believe that the Israeli policy of targeted killing is not the same as assassination."
1950:
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1662:
1428:
On 2 September 2022, a 35 year old
Brazilian national attempted to assassinate the then current vice-president of Argentina,
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37:
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1947:
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5159:
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230:
43:
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brilliant leaders, that possibility has in various instances been risked, such as in the attempts to kill the Athenian
1018:) were assassinated in early civil conflicts between Muslims. The practice was also well known in ancient China, as in
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according to the law. David's arguments could, in principle, justify the abolition of formal legal systems altogether.
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616:
282:
1102:
During the 16th and 17th centuries, international lawyers began to voice condemnation of assassinations of leaders.
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died after an attack by British-trained Czechoslovak soldiers on behalf of the Czechoslovak government in exile in
898:
4203:
1965:. It is a different term and concept from that of "targeted violence", as used by specialists who study violence.
1493:
5866:
5139:
5077:
5015:
5010:
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2413:
2363:
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and remote-triggered land mines also used, especially in the Middle East and the Balkans; the initial attempt on
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891:
886:
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33:
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leaders and sympathizers. It killed between 6,000 and 41,000 people, with official "targets" of 1,800 per month.
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4750:
3790:
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2015:
1821:
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by the United States government with drone strikes. Two weeks later, Awlaki's 16-year-old son was also killed.
1332:
881:
845:
2184:, but in both cases, the protectors sometimes became assassins themselves, exploiting their power to make the
2773:
1726:
in Spain assassinated many security and political figures since the late 1960s, notably the president of the
5871:
4722:
3641:
2718:
2090:
1962:
1347:
1314:
878:
3835:
3290:
1339:
because a German court publicly implicated senior members of the government and issued arrest warrants for
3409:
2393:
2274:, or as part of a coup d'état in which security is either overwhelmed or completely removed, such as with
2162:
1723:
1701:
1261:
1116:
1106:
has been described as "the first prominent jurist to condemn the use of assassination in foreign policy".
870:
678:
543:
287:
252:
4696:
4256:
3572:"When Culture Eats Strategy: Examining the Phoenix/Phung Hoang Bureaucracy in the Vietnam War, 1967-1972"
4975:
4665:
4184:
4034:
3755:
2293:
2217:
2075:
1629:
1361:, who had himself been assassinated in 1948), were assassinated in 1984 and 1991 in what were linked to
567:
200:
116:
1411:
on February 14, 2005, prompted an investigation by the United Nations. The suggestion in the resulting
635:
2327:
Other potential targets go into seclusion and are rarely heard from or seen in public, such as writer
1888:
poisoning. A tiny pellet containing the poison was injected into his leg through a specially designed
1981:
1674:
1666:
1561:
1447:
1230:
1192:
987:
895:
867:
766:
346:
165:
3507:
Machiavelli, Niccolò (1985), The Prince, University of Chicago Press. Translated by Harvey Mansfield
803:
Although it is commonly believed that members of the Order of Assassins were under the influence of
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4228:
4113:
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2630:
A briefe replie to a certaine odious and slanderous libel, lately published by a seditious Iesuite.
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1943:
1731:
1530:
1302:
991:
976:
833:
314:
101:
79:
4432:– Appendix 7, Report of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, 1964
4396:– Appendix 7, Report of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, 1964
824:
A Briefe Replie to a Certaine Odious and Slanderous Libel, Lately Published by a Seditious Jesuite
205:
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3385:
2880:
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2747:
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2007:
1958:
1889:
1798:
1536:
For similar and additional reasons, assassination has also sometimes been used in the conduct of
1480:
1442:
1327:
1273:
1036:
770:
331:
297:
292:
257:
195:
121:
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3149:. David Gallen, Peter Skutches (1st Carroll & Graf ed.). New York: Carroll & Graf.
1066:—or assassination for personal or political reasons—became more common again in Western Europe.
917:, a 5th-century BC Chinese military treatise mentions tactics of Assassination and its merits.
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2335:, people with similar builds to those they are expected to impersonate. These people are then
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1985:
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in Italy carried out assassinations of political figures and, to a lesser extent, so did the
4685:
4646:
4614:
4602:
4169:
3871:
3807:
3540:
3367:
3364:
The Path to Genocide in Rwanda: Security, Opportunity, and Authority in an Ethnocratic State
3324:
3086:
3061:
Nisei Linguists: Japanese Americans in the Military Intelligence Service During World War II
2864:
2737:
2512:
2368:
2321:
2177:
2079:
2070:
1957:
Targeted killing is the intentional killing by a government or its agents of a civilian or "
1938:
1742:
1577:
1488:
1422:
1385:
1281:
1203:
1107:
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999:
929:
925:
906:
726:
697:
612:
514:
499:
326:
111:
106:
91:
4053:
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4635:
4413:
4139:"Frequently Asked Questions About Targeting Killing | American Civil Liberties Union"
4109:
4014:
3735:
3607:
3093:
2817:
Religion and Violence: An Encyclopedia of Faith and Conflict from Antiquity to the Present
2340:
2332:
2279:
2267:
2239:
were put into service for safer transport, with modern versions virtually invulnerable to
2106:
2011:
1905:; many of the schemes involving poisoning his cigars. In the late 1950s, the KGB assassin
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is the willful killing, by a sudden, secret, or planned attack, of a person—especially if
262:
153:
148:
2942:
A Nation of a Hundred Million Idiots?: A Social History of Japanese Television, 1953–1973
2855:
Thomas, Ward (July 2000). "Norms and Security: The Case of International Assassination".
1921:
ampule, making their deaths look like heart attacks. A 2006 case in the UK concerned the
1217:
carried out numerous assassinations outside of the Soviet Union, such as the killings of
4181:
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2078:
that lacks due process and leads to further violence. Methods used have included firing
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4173:
3526:
2641:"assassinate, v." OED Online. Oxford University Press, June 2016. Web. August 11, 2016.
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2256:
2140:
airstrikes killed more than 200 people. Of those, only 35 were the intended targets."
1914:
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1326:, Paraguay, Chile, and other nations accused of engaging in such operations. After the
1254:
1246:
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3461:"Cristina Fernández de Kirchner: Gun jams during bid to kill Argentina vice-president"
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4417:(from Alpha-armouring.com website, includes examples of protection levels available)
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2500:
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Shown in the presidential booth of Ford's Theatre, from left to right, are assassin
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2344:
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2118:
2093:(unmanned, remote-controlled planes), detonating a cell phone bomb, and long-range
2046:
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In the case of state-sponsored assassination, poisoning can be more easily denied.
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32:"Assassin", "Assassinated", and "Assassinating" redirect here. For other uses, see
4315:"Muslim cleric Aulaqi is 1st U.S. citizen on list of those CIA is allowed to kill"
3812:
The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB.
3087:
The Role of Leadership Perceptions and of Intent in the Soviet Famine of 1931–1934
2654:
Assassins' Deeds: A History of Assassination from Ancient Egypt to the Present Day
2285:
1195:, and knowledge from decoded transmissions allowed the United States to carry out
4233:
3900:
3728:
2468:
1513:, writing around 500 BC, argued in favor of using assassination in his book
4657:
4502:
Plotting to Kill the President: Assassination Attempts from Washington to Hoover
4188:
4038:
3990:
The Impact of 9/11 and the New Legal Landscape: The Day that Changed Everything?
3814:
3613:
A question of torture: CIA interrogation, from the Cold War to the War on Terror
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2003:
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1599:
1586:
was a planned British commando raid to capture or kill the German field marshal
1526:
1184:
1063:
1059:
1047:
1023:
945:
874:
664:
603:
519:
457:
400:
395:
180:
170:
2153:
3875:
3371:
2974:
2586:
Secret Societies Handbook, Michael Bradley, Altair Cassell Illustrated, 2005.
2553:
2313:
2296:
2240:
2170:
2110:
1618:
1545:
1521:
1459:
1396:
1362:
1131:
1127:
941:
818:
The earliest known use of the verb "to assassinate" in printed English was by
662:
comes from the Italian and French Assissini, believed to derive from the word
477:
417:
412:
377:
372:
336:
17:
1929:-210, possibly passed to him in aerosol form sprayed directly onto his food.
3689:"Iran Says It Has Decided How to React to U.S. Strike That Killed Soleimani"
3366:, African Studies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 178–247,
3328:
3164:
3129:
2868:
2244:
2181:
1910:
1846:
1842:
1802:
1727:
1607:
1370:
1323:
1277:
1242:
1003:
781:
652:
571:
524:
487:
434:
429:
424:
407:
382:
341:
210:
126:
4540:"America's History of Crazy Political Assassins Didn't Begin with Loughner"
4124:
3668:"Qassem Suleimani: 'Death to America' chants at Baghdad funeral procession"
3484:"Chilling legal memo from Obama DOJ justifies assassination of US citizens"
2899:
Assassination of the Prime Minister: the shocking death of Spencer Perceval
1569:
in London) against the possible costs resulting from an assassination (the
1432:. However, the attempt was unsuccessful because the assassin's gun jammed.
4689:
3316:
2742:
2516:
1130:
who was the head of administration for the Tokugawa shogunate, during the
759:
4739:
4447:
3839:
3144:
3109:
2098:
1926:
1881:
1813:
1809:
1790:
1769:
1705:
1613:
With the January 3, 2020 Baghdad International Airport airstrike, the US
1502:
1293:
1051:
959:
797:
628:
504:
494:
482:
467:
441:
390:
175:
62:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3848:
1058:. Strangling in the bathtub was the most commonly used method. With the
969:–283 BC) wrote about assassinations in detail in his political treatise
3693:
3544:
2876:
1918:
1580:'s plane during World War II after his travel route had been decrypted.
1510:
1404:
1200:
1040:
1032:
1019:
937:
828:
804:
690:
509:
462:
4707:
2378:
2336:
2202:
2169:
One of the earliest forms of defense against assassins was employing
2094:
1861:
1692:
politicians and activists was one of a number of methods used in the
1670:
1276:. Three years prior, another African-American civil rights activist,
953:
784:
from the 11th to the 13th centuries. The group killed members of the
575:
69:
3560:– Foley, Charles; Legion for the Survival of Freedom, 1992, page 155
3527:"Decision Making in Using Assassinations in International Relations"
1892:. Widespread allegations involving the Bulgarian government and the
4668:, which prohibited the CIA from assassinations, was relaxed by the
4521:
Defining Danger: American Assassins and the New Domestic Terrorists
2975:"Diplomat's 1895 letter confesses to assassination of Korean queen"
2409:
List of United States presidential assassination attempts and plots
2353:
protective agents receive training in the psychology of assassins.
4223:"U.S. Citizen Among Those Killed In Yemen Predator Missile Strike"
3321:
The Roots of Ethnic Conflict in Africa: From Grievance to Violence
2284:
2216:
2152:
2102:
1942:
1885:
1841:
1826:
1498:
1492:
1463:
1418:
1301:
1073:
634:
607:
42:
4357:"UN report calls for independent investigations of drone attacks"
3959:"Responses to Terrorism / Targeted killing is a necessary option"
3111:
Gandhi in his time and ours : the global legacy of his ideas
2475:"On the Offensive — Assassination Policy Under International Law"
4591:"Assassination: A History of Political Murder by Lindsay Porter"
2819:, Routledge (January 15, 2011), Chapter: Sicarii. 978-0765620484
2309:
2194:
1978:
The Law of Armed Conflict: International Humanitarian Law in War
1310:
1238:
1214:
1054:
was rare in Western Europe, but it was a recurring theme in the
1007:
983:, later made use of assassinations against some of his enemies.
949:
933:
863:
655:, the first such event to occur during live television coverage.
651:
on November 22, 1963. Oswald was assassinated two days later by
5473:
4711:
2632:
Imprinted at London: By Arn. Hatfield, 1600 (STC 23453) p. 103
2389:
List of assassinated and executed heads of state and government
1917:
with a spray gun that fired a jet of poison gas from a crushed
1696:. The IRA also attempted to assassinate British Prime Minister
826:, a pamphlet printed in 1600, five years before it was used in
4642:
4054:"Targeted Killing and Assassination: The U.S. Legal Framework"
3794:
3760:
1898:
1893:
741:
712:
321:
2831:"Chapter 1: The Italian Renaissance and Western Civilization"
2324:
did so at the public reception in which he was assassinated.
1594:
Use of assassination has continued in more recent conflicts:
1533:, whose loss could paralyze the ability of both to make war.
1313:
and belongings at the time of her assassination. She was the
1768:
However, about 25% of the actual attackers were found to be
1712:
retaliated by killing Catholics at random and assassinating
1509:
Assassination for military purposes has long been espoused:
1006:
hundreds of years later. Three successive Rashidun caliphs (
4339:
Drone strikes by US may violate international law, says UN
2501:"Chemistry and Politics: Edvard Immanuel Hjelt (1855–1921)"
1378:
assassination of Juvénal Habyarimana and Cyprien Ntaryamira
1002:
often met their end in this way, as did many of the Muslim
4160:
Stein, Yael (March 2003). "Any Name Illegal and Immoral".
1164:—died at the hands of assassins. There have been at least
744:
738:
715:
709:
3315:
Jacquemin, Céline A. (2015), Nasong’o, Wanjala S. (ed.),
2922:. Tuttle Publishing; 1 edition (August 5, 2014). p. 182.
2232:
point that entire sections of a city might be shut down.
735:
703:
586:. A person who carries out an assassination is called an
4257:"Hamas Leader Dies in Apparent Israeli Targeted Killing"
3729:
Assassination in the United States: An Operational Study
2010:, wrote, "Targeted killing is... not an assassination."
1148:
In the United States, within 100 years, four presidents—
1990:
US District Court for the Southern District of New York
3027:"Assassination – Operation Arthropoid, 1941–1942"
4697:
Is the CIA Assassination Order of a US Citizen Legal?
4078:
Ireland and the Middle East: trade, society and peace
859:. It dates back at least as far as recorded history.
4656:
from CNN.com/Law Center, November 4, 2002. See also
4119:(Report). Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies.
3323:, New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, pp. 93–123,
2835:
Italian Americans and Their Communities of Cleveland
2113:
to be publicly approved for targeted killing by the
1820:'s life was with a grenade. With heavy weapons, the
1801:, the Prince of Orange of the Netherlands, in 1584.
909:. Between 550 BC and 330 BC, seven Persian kings of
683:
5813:
5752:
5691:
5630:
5569:
5508:
5421:
5373:
5288:
4804:
4759:
2136:reported, "Between January 2012 and February 2013,
1183:, a Serbian nationalist. He is blamed for igniting
732:
729:
706:
700:
4114:Fatal Choices: Israel's Policy of Targeted Killing
4052:Banks, William; Raven-Hansen, Peter (March 2003).
2404:List of people who survived assassination attempts
2105:. In early 2010, with President Obama's approval,
1688:in Northern Ireland (1969–1998). Assassination of
4355:MacAskill, Ewen; Bowcott, Owen (March 10, 2014).
4019:Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law
3435:"Milestones: 1993–2000 - Office of the Historian"
2176:Notable examples of bodyguards include the Roman
1812:, become far more common in modern history, with
1531:particularly strong, canny, or charismatic leader
1446:revealed the existence of a hit list made by the
1268:on April 4, 1968, at the Lorraine Motel (now the
1237:, and the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (
1179:was carried out in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914, by
948:of Assyria was assassinated by his own sons; and
4442:Donaldson-Evans, Catherine (December 20, 2001).
3774:Iraqi insurgents using Austrian rifles from Iran
3459:Binley, Alex; Murphy, Matt (September 2, 2022).
3064:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 185.
4407:How to choose the appropriate bulletproof cars
3360:"Opportunity II: Death of the Nation's Father"
811:The term "assassinare" (assassin) was used in
773:who worked against various political targets.
27:Murder of a prominent person for personal gain
5485:
4723:
4204:"Q&A: Targeted Killings - New York Times"
3949:
3947:
3032:. Ministry of Defence of the Czech Republic.
2850:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2331:. A related form of protection is the use of
2128:said that US drone strikes may have violated
1756:regime to collapse before the US intervened.
1407:, the assassination of former Prime Minister
544:
8:
4615:"Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 (23.b.)"
4553:Assassination: A History of Political Murder
4430:The Need For Protection Further Demonstrated
2163:Sheik Abdul Sattar Abu Risha's assassination
1436:United States government killing of citizens
1425:, which drove Syrian troops out of Lebanon.
1260:The African-American civil rights activist,
855:Assassination is one of the oldest tools of
753:
3866:(2021). "Targeting Combatants and Others".
1925:who was given a lethal dose of radioactive
1556:show how assassination was used as a tool:
800:elite for political and religious reasons.
688:), and shares its etymological roots with
5492:
5478:
5470:
4730:
4716:
4708:
3739:– Fein, Robert A. & Vossekuil, Brian,
2797:Terrorism and WMDs: Awareness and Response
2014:, professor of international relations at
1122:In Japan, a group of assassins called the
578:, financial, military, political or other
551:
537:
53:
4425:
4423:
4015:"Targeted Killing as Active Self-Defense"
2775:Famous assassinations of history ...
2741:
2540:– McCarthy, Kevin M. Volume 48, pp. 77–83
1702:bombing the Conservative Party Conference
1475:As a military and foreign policy doctrine
1395:was assassinated on November 4, 1995, by
1173:assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
1035:in 6 AD, who predated the Middle Eastern
4255:Mohammed Daraghmeh (February 20, 2001).
3756:Hamas leader killed in Israeli airstrike
3517:
3515:
3513:
3259:"Condemned by Law – Report 11-10-08.doc"
1657:Police intelligence officers during the
1335:. The campaign came to an end after the
1145:(and posthumously empress) Myeongseong.
3114:. New York: Columbia University Press.
2430:
2189:assassination of Indian Prime Minister
1797:, the regent of Scotland, in 1570, and
1745:in Germany in the 1970s and the 1980s.
1653:guerrillas in 1919 to 1921 killed many
1552:. A number of additional examples from
1141:In 1895, a group of Japanese assassins
631:. The author of the drawing is unknown.
449:
359:
305:
272:
68:
61:
4603:"Practice relating to Rule 65 Perfidy"
3934:Targeted killing is a necessary option
3525:; Schilling, Jonathan L. (Fall 2016).
2799:, CRC Press (April 25, 2011) pp. 3–4.
2723:on War and Diplomacy in Ancient India"
2575:The Assassins: a radical sect in Islam
2207:another person taste the leader's food
1219:Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists
986:Some famous assassination victims are
932:was assassinated by his own servants;
4678:European Journal of International Law
3723:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3666:Abdul-Ahat, Ghait (January 4, 2020).
3482:Greenwald, Glenn (February 5, 2013).
3358:McDoom, Omar Shahabudin, ed. (2021),
3195:"English front cover – No Safe Haven"
3177:John Dingles (2004) The Condor Years
2761:from the original on October 9, 2022.
2651:Withington, John (November 5, 2020).
2548:
2546:
2053:Yael Stein, the research director of
1953:; sometimes used in targeted killings
1923:assassination of Alexander Litvinenko
1909:killed Ukrainian nationalist leaders
1576:The American interception of Admiral
1519:. Over 2000 years later, in his book
1126:killed a number of people, including
7:
3588:from the original on October 9, 2022
3410:"The Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin"
3039:from the original on October 9, 2022
2920:The Samurai Swordsman: Master of War
2465:Legal Research, Analysis and Writing
2270:and former Pakistani Prime Minister
1903:attempts to assassinate Fidel Castro
4444:"It's Bin Laden ... or Is It?"
4284:"U.S. citizen in CIA's cross hairs"
2973:Nagai, Yasuji (November 21, 2021).
2473:Eichensehr, Kristen (May 6, 2006).
2384:List of contract killers and hitmen
2205:, whose risk was reduced by having
780:, the Assassins were active in the
754:
673:
4174:10.1111/j.1747-7093.2003.tb00423.x
4162:Ethics & International Affairs
3291:"India: Extremism & Terrorism"
2772:Johnson, Francis (March 3, 2008).
1694:Provisional IRA campaign 1969–1997
1562:assassination of Reinhard Heydrich
1245:. India's "Father of the Nation",
1206:while he was travelling by plane.
25:
4473:Pelley, Scott (August 15, 2000).
4202:Kaplan, Eben (January 25, 2006).
4058:University of Richmond Law Review
3791:The case of the poisoned umbrella
3745:, Volume 44, Number 2, March 1999
3098:Europe-Asia Studies, 2005. p. 826
2901:. London: Sidgwick & Jackson
2399:List of assassinations by firearm
2157:A bodyguard who was killed by an
1680:The tactic was used again by the
1634:American-led intervention in Iraq
1590:, also known as "The Desert Fox".
1337:Mykonos restaurant assassinations
645:responsible for the assassination
5442:
5441:
4916:Democratic Republic of the Congo
4294:from the original on May 7, 2010
4282:Greg Miller (January 31, 2010).
4221:Dana Priest (November 8, 2002).
1974:Georgetown University Law Center
1795:James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray
1567:Czechoslovak government-in-exile
1485:Decapitation (military strategy)
1357:(neither of whom was related to
1136:assassination of Inejiro Asanuma
725:
696:
49:assassination of Abraham Lincoln
4647:"U.S. policy on assassinations"
3687:Harel, Amos (January 4, 2020).
2945:. Routledge. pp. 184–185.
2730:The Journal of Military History
1988:, former federal judge for the
4589:Leonard, Max (April 6, 2010).
4574:. Edinburgh University Press.
3905:. Cambridge University Press.
3317:"Hegemony and Counterhegemony"
2193:, who was assassinated by two
2130:international humanitarian law
2035:American Civil Liberties Union
1430:Cristina Fernández de Kirchner
1417:that there was involvement by
1124:Four Hitokiri of the Bakumatsu
38:Assassination (disambiguation)
1:
4670:George W. Bush administration
4313:Greg Miller (April 7, 2010).
3711:(new edition). The MIT Press.
3200:. p. 100. Archived from
3058:McNaughton, James C. (2006).
3025:Burian, Michal; Aleš (2002).
2556:. Online Etymology Dictionary
2439:"Definition of ASSASSINATION"
1785:With the advent of effective
990:(336 BC), the father of
963:
892:contemporary judicial records
765:). It referred to a group of
5318:Eritrean War of Independence
5313:Croatian War of Independence
3742:Journal of Forensic Sciences
3414:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
2939:Chun, Jayson Makoto (2006).
2479:Harvard International Review
2339:and, in some cases, undergo
2124:United Nations investigator
2006:, a professor of law at the
1853:, the assassin of President
1835:, the assassin of President
1625:and the commander of Iraq's
1270:National Civil Rights Museum
1209:During the 1930s and 1940s,
1177:Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg
894:relate the assassination of
5501:List of terrorist incidents
4375:"The Assassination Complex"
4141:. Aclu.org. August 30, 2010
3988:Morgan, Matthew J. (2009).
3963:The San Francisco Chronicle
3781:, Tuesday February 13, 2007
3532:Political Science Quarterly
2418:Central Intelligence Agency
2115:Central Intelligence Agency
1808:Explosives, especially the
1627:Popular Mobilization Forces
1168:on U.S. presidents' lives.
1022:'s failed assassination of
815:from the mid 13th century.
760:
684:
617:Governor-General of Finland
5888:
3836:Putin 'Deplores' Spy Death
3092:February 27, 2009, at the
2577:– Bernard Lewis, pp. 11–12
2499:; Niinistö, Lauri (1998).
2237:armored cars or limousines
1936:
1478:
1391:In Israel, Prime Minister
1291:
1280:, was assassinated at the
1233:secretary Rudolf Klement,
843:
601:
31:
5437:
5333:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
4746:
4652:January 14, 2015, at the
4519:Clarke, James W. (2018).
3902:The law of armed conflict
3876:10.1017/9781108917797.015
3868:The Law of Armed Conflict
3842:Friday November 24, 2006
3763:, Saturday April 17, 2004
3616:. Macmillan. p. 68.
3372:10.1017/9781108868839.005
3295:Counter Extremism Project
2414:Special Activities Center
2364:Assassinations in fiction
2117:. Awlaki was killed in a
1659:Irish War of Independence
905:in 1155 BCE as part of a
887:Instructions of Amenemhat
851:Ancient to medieval times
34:Assassin (disambiguation)
4751:List of massacres at sea
4631:Notorious Assassinations
4551:Porter, Lindsay (2010).
4477:. CBS 60 Minutes II
4412:January 3, 2007, at the
4081:. Irish Academic Press.
3143:Karim, Benjamin (1992).
3108:Hardiman, David (2003).
2374:History of assassination
2243:fire, smaller bombs and
2016:Johns Hopkins University
1992:, wrote on the subject:
1822:rocket-propelled grenade
1818:Archduke Franz Ferdinand
1655:Royal Irish Constabulary
1617:the commander of Iran's
1602:, the US engaged in the
1333:Islamic Republic of Iran
1253:on January 30, 1948, by
846:History of assassination
570:. It may be prompted by
5133:List of Palestine lists
5128:Palestinian territories
4504:. U of Nebraska Press.
3899:Solis, Gary D. (2010).
3806:Christopher Andrew and
3329:10.1057/9781137555007_6
2869:10.1162/016228800560408
2138:U.S. special operations
2033:On the other hand, the
1963:Third Geneva Convention
1710:Loyalist paramilitaries
1665:set up a special unit,
1641:As a tool of insurgents
1315:Prime Minister of India
1143:killed the Korean queen
368:Avunculicide/Nepoticide
5398:Indigenous Australians
4866:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4607:Customary IHL Database
4475:"Mind of the Assassin"
4263:. The Associated Press
3992:. Palgrave Macmillan.
3937:, Sofaer, Abraham D.,
3734:June 20, 2006, at the
3707:Pike, Douglas (1970).
3558:Commando Extraordinary
2857:International Security
2394:List of assassinations
2300:
2228:
2166:
2068:
1999:
1954:
1884:, was assassinated by
1857:
1839:
1506:
1318:
1284:on February 21, 1965.
1262:Martin Luther King Jr.
1117:propaganda of the deed
1099:
656:
632:
568:prominent or important
288:Voluntary manslaughter
253:Vehicle-ramming attack
51:
5175:São Tomé and Príncipe
4666:Executive Order 12333
4572:President's Kill List
4570:Trenta, Luca (2024).
4013:Guiora, Amos (2004).
3640:(December 15, 2003).
3227:"Mykonos front cover"
2743:10.1353/jmh.2003.0006
2603:Martin Booth (2004).
2517:10.1007/s00897980247a
2505:The Chemical Educator
2467:by William H. Putman
2294:Mercedes-Benz M-Class
2288:
2222:Assassination attempt
2220:
2156:
2076:extrajudicial killing
2063:
1994:
1946:
1845:
1830:
1730:government of Spain,
1651:Irish Republican Army
1630:Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis
1497:The functions of the
1496:
1462:were assassinated in
1305:
1077:
994:, and Roman dictator
979:, the founder of the
862:The Egyptian pharaoh
638:
627:on June 16, 1904, in
611:
306:Non-criminal homicide
201:Murder for body parts
117:Depraved-heart murder
46:
5452:Massacres by country
4544:History News Network
4075:Rory Miller (2007).
3870:. pp. 425–463.
3797:World Service, 2007.
3523:Schilling, Warner R.
3239:on September 2, 2010
3207:on September 2, 2010
2686:2 Samuel 3:26–28 RSV
2485:on December 6, 2010.
2425:Notes and references
2299:in São Paulo, Brazil
2197:bodyguards in 1984.
1982:justifiable homicide
1501:included espionage,
1448:Obama administration
1231:Fourth International
1193:Operation Anthropoid
1056:Eastern Roman Empire
988:Philip II of Macedon
347:Justifiable homicide
166:Lonely hearts killer
4771:Mandatory Palestine
4690:10.1093/ejil/chi114
4500:Ayton, Mel (2017).
4383:. October 15, 2015.
4319:The Washington Post
4236:on December 3, 2013
4229:The Washington Post
3779:The Daily Telegraph
3146:Remembering Malcolm
2918:Turnbull, Stephen.
2815:Ross, Jeffrey Ian,
2606:Cannabis: A History
2497:Kauffman, George B.
2347:used body doubles.
2121:in September 2011.
2041:. It also violates
1976:, in his 2010 book
1968:On the other hand,
1880:, a dissident from
1732:Luis Carrero Blanco
1470:Further motivations
1288:Cold War and beyond
1199:, killing Japanese
992:Alexander the Great
977:Chandragupta Maurya
907:failed coup attempt
834:William Shakespeare
102:Consensual homicide
57:Part of a series on
5363:WWII in Yugoslavia
5338:Sudanese civil war
5303:Algerian Civil War
5298:1948 Palestine war
4921:Dominican Republic
4617:. Yale University.
4555:. Overlook Press.
4208:The New York Times
3969:on August 29, 2011
3957:(March 26, 2004).
3939:Hoover Institution
3545:10.1002/polq.12487
2695:2 Chronicles 32:21
2657:. Reaktion Books.
2301:
2229:
2167:
2022:William Banks and
2008:University of Utah
1959:unlawful combatant
1955:
1858:
1840:
1799:William the Silent
1507:
1505:and assassination.
1481:Manhunt (military)
1443:The New York Times
1399:, who opposed the
1328:Iranian Revolution
1319:
1274:Memphis, Tennessee
1100:
911:Achaemenid Dynasty
771:Order of Assassins
657:
647:of U.S. President
633:
332:Capital punishment
298:Vehicular homicide
293:Negligent homicide
258:Wrongful execution
196:Misdemeanor murder
122:Felony murder rule
52:
5862:Attacks by method
5849:
5848:
5467:
5466:
5457:Massacres by year
5429:List of genocides
5348:Greco-Turkish War
5323:Finnish Civil War
4581:978-1-3995-1952-6
4562:978-1-59020-348-4
4538:Clarke, James W.
4530:978-1-351-52317-2
4511:978-1-61234-879-7
4454:on August 5, 2012
4345:October 18, 2013.
4288:Los Angeles Times
4088:978-0-7165-2868-5
3999:978-0-230-60838-2
3955:Abraham D. Sofaer
3912:978-1-139-48711-5
3885:978-1-108-91779-7
3823:978-0-465-00312-9
3623:978-0-8050-8041-4
3439:history.state.gov
3381:978-1-108-49146-4
3338:978-1-137-55500-7
3183:978-1-56584-764-4
3006:. August 15, 2016
3004:National Archives
2979:The Asahi Shimbun
2952:978-0-415-97660-2
2664:978-1-78914-352-2
2616:978-0-312-42494-7
2592:978-1-84403-416-1
2351:US Secret Service
2318:Pope John Paul II
2306:bulletproof glass
2290:Pope Benedict XVI
2249:Bulletproof vests
2213:Modern strategies
2109:became the first
2080:Hellfire missiles
2043:international law
1986:Abraham D. Sofaer
1972:, a professor at
1907:Bohdan Stashynsky
1851:John Wilkes Booth
1833:Lee Harvey Oswald
1714:Irish nationalist
1698:Margaret Thatcher
1550:Peloponnesian War
1382:Rwandan Civil War
1309:'s blood-stained
1223:Yevhen Konovalets
1197:a targeted attack
1189:Reinhard Heydrich
1166:20 known attempts
1154:James A. Garfield
1138:, using a sword.
1088:Mary Todd Lincoln
1080:John Wilkes Booth
1016:Ali ibn Abi Talib
899:Twentieth Dynasty
820:Matthew Sutcliffe
682:
643:, who was deemed
641:Lee Harvey Oswald
561:
560:
352:"License to kill"
161:Internet homicide
142:Child cannibalism
137:Human cannibalism
47:Depiction of the
16:(Redirected from
5879:
5867:Killings by type
5494:
5487:
5480:
5471:
5445:
5444:
5343:Syrian civil war
4781:Ottoman Bulgaria
4732:
4725:
4718:
4709:
4693:
4618:
4610:
4598:
4585:
4566:
4547:
4534:
4515:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4470:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4450:. Archived from
4439:
4433:
4427:
4418:
4403:
4397:
4391:
4385:
4384:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4352:
4346:
4336:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4310:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4299:
4279:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4252:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4241:
4232:. Archived from
4227:The Tech (MIT);
4218:
4212:
4211:
4199:
4193:
4192:
4157:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4118:
4110:David, Steven R.
4106:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4049:
4043:
4042:
4010:
4004:
4003:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3965:. Archived from
3951:
3942:
3941:, March 26, 2004
3930:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3860:
3843:
3832:
3826:
3808:Vasili Mitrokhin
3804:
3798:
3788:
3782:
3770:
3764:
3752:
3746:
3725:
3712:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3663:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3642:"Moving Targets"
3634:
3628:
3627:
3608:McCoy, Alfred W.
3604:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3587:
3576:
3570:Barnett, James.
3567:
3561:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3519:
3508:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3271:on March 7, 2010
3270:
3264:. Archived from
3263:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3238:
3232:. Archived from
3231:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3206:
3199:
3191:
3185:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3105:
3099:
3084:Michael Ellman.
3082:
3076:
3075:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3038:
3031:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2936:
2930:
2916:
2910:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2852:
2839:
2838:
2829:Veronesi, Gene.
2826:
2820:
2813:
2807:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2745:
2727:
2717:(January 2003).
2711:
2705:
2702:
2696:
2693:
2687:
2684:
2678:
2677:2 Kings 12:19-21
2675:
2669:
2668:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2600:
2594:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2550:
2541:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2481:. Archived from
2461:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2435:
2369:Contract killing
2322:William McKinley
2178:Praetorian Guard
2071:Targeted killing
2060:
2029:
1939:Targeted killing
1933:Targeted killing
1743:Red Army Faction
1578:Isoroku Yamamoto
1489:Covert operation
1423:Cedar Revolution
1386:Rwandan genocide
1373:, respectively.
1282:Audubon Ballroom
1241:) leadership in
1204:Isoroku Yamamoto
1171:In Austria, the
1158:William McKinley
1108:Alberico Gentili
1012:Uthman Ibn Affan
1000:Emperors of Rome
968:
965:
796:, and Christian
763:
757:
756:
751:
750:
747:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
722:
721:
718:
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
687:
677:
675:
613:Nikolay Bobrikov
553:
546:
539:
515:Suspicious death
327:Assisted suicide
313:Note: Varies by
112:Crime of passion
107:Contract killing
92:Attempted murder
78:Note: Varies by
54:
21:
5887:
5886:
5882:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5877:
5876:
5852:
5851:
5850:
5845:
5809:
5748:
5687:
5626:
5565:
5504:
5498:
5468:
5463:
5433:
5417:
5403:Nizari Ismailis
5376:
5369:
5291:
5284:
5200:Solomon Islands
5118:North Macedonia
4809:
4807:
4800:
4764:
4762:
4761:By past country
4755:
4742:
4736:
4675:
4662:executive order
4654:Wayback Machine
4633:– slideshow by
4627:
4613:
4601:
4588:
4582:
4569:
4563:
4550:
4537:
4531:
4518:
4512:
4499:
4496:
4494:Further reading
4491:
4490:
4480:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4467:
4457:
4455:
4441:
4440:
4436:
4428:
4421:
4414:Wayback Machine
4404:
4400:
4392:
4388:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4354:
4353:
4349:
4337:
4333:
4323:
4321:
4312:
4311:
4307:
4297:
4295:
4281:
4280:
4276:
4266:
4264:
4254:
4253:
4249:
4239:
4237:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4201:
4200:
4196:
4159:
4158:
4154:
4144:
4142:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4116:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4093:
4091:
4089:
4074:
4073:
4069:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4000:
3987:
3986:
3982:
3972:
3970:
3953:
3952:
3945:
3931:
3927:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3886:
3862:
3861:
3846:
3833:
3829:
3805:
3801:
3789:
3785:
3771:
3767:
3753:
3749:
3736:Wayback Machine
3726:
3715:
3706:
3702:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3650:
3648:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3624:
3606:
3605:
3601:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3574:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3556:
3552:
3521:
3520:
3511:
3506:
3502:
3492:
3490:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3466:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3443:
3441:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3418:
3416:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3394:
3392:
3382:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3299:
3297:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3229:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3197:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3176:
3172:
3157:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3122:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3094:Wayback Machine
3083:
3079:
3072:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3029:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3009:
3007:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2983:
2981:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2917:
2913:
2897:M. Gillen 1972
2896:
2892:
2854:
2853:
2842:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2814:
2810:
2795:Pichtel, John,
2794:
2790:
2780:
2778:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2758:
2725:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2703:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2665:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2640:
2636:
2628:
2624:
2617:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2585:
2581:
2573:
2569:
2559:
2557:
2552:
2551:
2544:
2538:American Speech
2536:
2532:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2472:
2462:
2458:
2448:
2446:
2445:. June 24, 2023
2443:Merriam-Webster
2437:
2436:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2359:
2341:plastic surgery
2280:Patrice Lumumba
2278:Prime Minister
2268:John F. Kennedy
2215:
2180:or the Ottoman
2151:
2146:
2144:Countermeasures
2107:Anwar al-Awlaki
2058:
2027:
1941:
1935:
1855:Abraham Lincoln
1837:John F. Kennedy
1787:ranged weaponry
1783:
1778:
1762:
1682:Provisional IRA
1663:Michael Collins
1643:
1623:Qasem Soleimani
1606:to assassinate
1604:Phoenix Program
1571:Lidice massacre
1491:
1477:
1472:
1456:Anwar Al-Awlaki
1438:
1348:Prime Ministers
1300:
1290:
1227:Ignace Poretsky
1181:Gavrilo Princip
1162:John F. Kennedy
1150:Abraham Lincoln
1104:Balthazar Ayala
1084:Abraham Lincoln
1072:
966:
913:were murdered.
882:Twelfth Dynasty
853:
848:
842:
778:Hassan-i Sabbah
767:Nizari Ismailis
728:
724:
699:
695:
649:John F. Kennedy
606:
600:
557:
263:Judicial murder
154:Child sacrifice
149:Human sacrifice
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5885:
5883:
5875:
5874:
5872:Assassinations
5869:
5864:
5854:
5853:
5847:
5846:
5844:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5817:
5815:
5811:
5810:
5808:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5756:
5754:
5750:
5749:
5747:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5695:
5693:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5634:
5632:
5628:
5627:
5625:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5573:
5571:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5512:
5510:
5506:
5505:
5499:
5497:
5496:
5489:
5482:
5474:
5465:
5464:
5462:
5461:
5460:
5459:
5454:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5432:
5431:
5425:
5423:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5415:
5413:Turkish people
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5136:
5135:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5034:
5033:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4911:Czech Republic
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4812:
4810:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4767:
4765:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4753:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4727:
4720:
4712:
4706:
4705:
4702:Democracy Now!
4694:
4684:(2): 171–212.
4673:
4640:
4626:
4625:External links
4623:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4599:
4586:
4580:
4567:
4561:
4548:
4535:
4529:
4516:
4510:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4465:
4434:
4419:
4398:
4386:
4366:
4347:
4331:
4305:
4274:
4247:
4213:
4194:
4168:(1): 127–137.
4152:
4130:
4101:
4087:
4067:
4044:
4025:(2): 319–334.
4005:
3998:
3980:
3943:
3925:
3911:
3891:
3884:
3864:Solis, Gary D.
3844:
3827:
3799:
3783:
3765:
3747:
3713:
3700:
3679:
3658:
3646:The New Yorker
3638:Hersh, Seymour
3629:
3622:
3599:
3579:Strauss Center
3562:
3550:
3539:(3): 503–539.
3509:
3500:
3474:
3451:
3426:
3401:
3380:
3350:
3337:
3307:
3282:
3250:
3218:
3186:
3170:
3155:
3135:
3120:
3100:
3077:
3070:
3050:
3017:
2991:
2965:
2951:
2931:
2928:978-4805312940
2911:
2890:
2863:(1): 105–133.
2840:
2821:
2808:
2805:978-1439851753
2788:
2764:
2715:Boesche, Roger
2706:
2704:Judges 4 and 5
2697:
2688:
2679:
2670:
2663:
2643:
2634:
2622:
2615:
2595:
2579:
2567:
2542:
2530:
2488:
2456:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2329:Salman Rushdie
2308:, such as the
2292:in a modified
2272:Benazir Bhutto
2261:bomb detectors
2214:
2211:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2045:, under which
1937:Main article:
1934:
1931:
1915:Stepan Bandera
1782:
1781:Modern methods
1779:
1777:
1774:
1761:
1758:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1611:
1592:
1591:
1584:Operation Gaff
1581:
1574:
1538:foreign policy
1516:The Art of War
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1437:
1434:
1359:Mahatma Gandhi
1289:
1286:
1255:Nathuram Godse
1247:Mahatma Gandhi
1096:Henry Rathbone
1071:
1070:Modern history
1068:
1043:by centuries.
998:(44 BC).
975:. His student
915:The Art of War
879:Middle Kingdom
857:power politics
852:
849:
844:Main article:
841:
840:Use in history
838:
813:Medieval Latin
625:Eugen Schauman
615:, the Russian
602:Main article:
599:
596:
559:
558:
556:
555:
548:
541:
533:
530:
529:
528:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
491:
490:
485:
475:
470:
465:
460:
452:
451:
447:
446:
445:
444:
439:
438:
437:
432:
422:
421:
420:
415:
405:
404:
403:
398:
393:
385:
380:
375:
370:
362:
361:
357:
356:
355:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
308:
307:
303:
302:
301:
300:
295:
290:
285:
283:In English law
277:
276:
270:
269:
268:
267:
266:
265:
255:
250:
248:Torture murder
245:
243:Thrill killing
240:
235:
234:
233:
231:Angel of mercy
223:
221:Pseudocommando
218:
213:
208:
206:Murder–suicide
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
157:
156:
146:
145:
144:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
73:
72:
66:
65:
59:
58:
26:
24:
18:Assassinations
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5884:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5812:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5757:
5755:
5751:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5690:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5635:
5633:
5629:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5574:
5572:
5568:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5513:
5511:
5507:
5502:
5495:
5490:
5488:
5483:
5481:
5476:
5475:
5472:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5449:
5448:
5440:
5439:
5436:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5420:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5393:Hazara people
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5372:
5364:
5361:
5360:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5287:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5265:United States
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4966:Great Britain
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4803:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4776:Ottoman Syria
4774:
4772:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4758:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4745:
4741:
4733:
4728:
4726:
4721:
4719:
4714:
4713:
4710:
4704:
4703:
4698:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4674:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4648:
4644:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4624:
4616:
4612:
4611:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4595:The Telegraph
4592:
4587:
4583:
4577:
4573:
4568:
4564:
4558:
4554:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4536:
4532:
4526:
4523:. Routledge.
4522:
4517:
4513:
4507:
4503:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4476:
4469:
4466:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4438:
4435:
4431:
4426:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4415:
4411:
4408:
4402:
4399:
4395:
4390:
4387:
4382:
4381:
4380:The Intercept
4376:
4370:
4367:
4362:
4358:
4351:
4348:
4344:
4343:The Guardian.
4340:
4335:
4332:
4320:
4316:
4309:
4306:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4278:
4275:
4262:
4258:
4251:
4248:
4235:
4231:
4230:
4224:
4217:
4214:
4209:
4205:
4198:
4195:
4190:
4186:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4156:
4153:
4140:
4134:
4131:
4126:
4122:
4115:
4111:
4105:
4102:
4090:
4084:
4080:
4079:
4071:
4068:
4064:(3): 667–750.
4063:
4059:
4055:
4048:
4045:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4009:
4006:
4001:
3995:
3991:
3984:
3981:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3950:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3935:
3929:
3926:
3914:
3908:
3904:
3903:
3895:
3892:
3887:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3831:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3813:
3809:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3787:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3775:
3769:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3757:
3751:
3748:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3704:
3701:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3683:
3680:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3662:
3659:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3633:
3630:
3625:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3603:
3600:
3584:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3563:
3559:
3554:
3551:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3504:
3501:
3489:
3485:
3478:
3475:
3462:
3455:
3452:
3440:
3436:
3430:
3427:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3402:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3354:
3351:
3340:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3311:
3308:
3296:
3292:
3286:
3283:
3267:
3260:
3254:
3251:
3235:
3228:
3222:
3219:
3203:
3196:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3171:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3156:0-88184-901-4
3152:
3148:
3147:
3139:
3136:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3121:0-231-13114-3
3117:
3113:
3112:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3081:
3078:
3073:
3071:9780160867057
3067:
3063:
3062:
3054:
3051:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3018:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2992:
2980:
2976:
2969:
2966:
2954:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2907:0-283-97881-3
2904:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2836:
2832:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2789:
2777:
2776:
2768:
2765:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2707:
2701:
2698:
2692:
2689:
2683:
2680:
2674:
2671:
2666:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2647:
2644:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2609:. Macmillan.
2608:
2607:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2568:
2555:
2554:"assassinate"
2549:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2531:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2492:
2489:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2227:
2226:Ronald Reagan
2224:on President
2223:
2219:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2191:Indira Gandhi
2187:
2186:head of state
2183:
2179:
2174:
2172:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2148:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2134:The Intercept
2131:
2127:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2056:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1970:Gary D. Solis
1966:
1964:
1960:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1901:made several
1900:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1878:Georgi Markov
1874:
1870:
1868:
1863:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1780:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1766:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1754:Ngo Dinh Diem
1751:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1716:politicians.
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1676:
1675:Bloody Sunday
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1452:War on Terror
1449:
1445:
1444:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1426:
1424:
1421:prompted the
1420:
1416:
1415:
1414:Mehlis report
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1393:Yitzhak Rabin
1389:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1376:In 1994, the
1374:
1372:
1369:and northern
1368:
1365:movements in
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1351:Indira Gandhi
1349:
1344:
1342:
1341:Ali Fallahian
1338:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1307:Indira Gandhi
1304:
1299:
1298:War on terror
1295:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1251:shot to death
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1211:Joseph Stalin
1207:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1175:and his wife
1174:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1039:and Japanese
1038:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
996:Julius Caesar
993:
989:
984:
982:
981:Maurya Empire
978:
974:
973:
961:
957:
955:
952:assassinated
951:
947:
944:'s son; King
943:
939:
936:assassinated
935:
931:
927:
923:
922:Old Testament
918:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
897:
893:
890:); meanwhile
889:
888:
883:
880:
876:
872:
871:Sixth Dynasty
869:
865:
860:
858:
850:
847:
839:
837:
835:
831:
830:
825:
821:
816:
814:
809:
806:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
774:
772:
769:known as the
768:
764:
762:
749:
720:
693:
692:
686:
680:
671:
667:
666:
661:
654:
650:
646:
642:
637:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
605:
597:
595:
593:
589:
585:
584:ancient times
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
564:Assassination
554:
549:
547:
542:
540:
535:
534:
532:
531:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
489:
486:
484:
481:
480:
479:
476:
474:
473:Friendly fire
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
455:
454:
453:
448:
443:
440:
436:
433:
431:
428:
427:
426:
423:
419:
416:
414:
411:
410:
409:
406:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
388:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
365:
364:
363:
358:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
319:
318:
317:
316:
310:
309:
304:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
280:
279:
278:
275:
271:
264:
261:
260:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
232:
229:
228:
227:
226:Serial killer
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
191:Mass stabbing
189:
187:
186:Mass shooting
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
155:
152:
151:
150:
147:
143:
140:
139:
138:
135:
133:
132:Honor killing
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
87:Assassination
85:
84:
83:
82:
81:
75:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
56:
55:
50:
45:
39:
35:
30:
19:
5408:Palestinians
5388:Azerbaijanis
5358:World War II
5205:South Africa
4808:or territory
4791:Soviet Union
4763:or territory
4700:
4681:
4677:
4634:
4606:
4594:
4571:
4552:
4543:
4520:
4501:
4479:. Retrieved
4468:
4456:. Retrieved
4452:the original
4437:
4405:
4401:
4389:
4378:
4369:
4361:The Guardian
4360:
4350:
4342:
4334:
4322:. Retrieved
4318:
4308:
4296:. Retrieved
4287:
4277:
4265:. Retrieved
4260:
4250:
4238:. Retrieved
4234:the original
4226:
4216:
4207:
4197:
4165:
4161:
4155:
4143:. Retrieved
4133:
4104:
4092:. Retrieved
4077:
4070:
4061:
4057:
4047:
4022:
4018:
4008:
3989:
3983:
3971:. Retrieved
3967:the original
3962:
3932:
3928:
3918:December 27,
3916:. Retrieved
3901:
3894:
3867:
3830:
3811:
3802:
3786:
3772:
3768:
3754:
3750:
3740:
3727:
3708:
3703:
3692:
3682:
3673:The Guardian
3671:
3661:
3649:. Retrieved
3645:
3632:
3612:
3602:
3590:. Retrieved
3578:
3565:
3557:
3553:
3536:
3530:
3503:
3491:. Retrieved
3488:The Guardian
3487:
3477:
3465:. Retrieved
3454:
3444:December 31,
3442:. Retrieved
3438:
3429:
3419:December 31,
3417:. Retrieved
3413:
3404:
3393:, retrieved
3363:
3353:
3342:, retrieved
3320:
3310:
3300:December 31,
3298:. Retrieved
3294:
3285:
3273:. Retrieved
3266:the original
3253:
3241:. Retrieved
3234:the original
3221:
3209:. Retrieved
3202:the original
3189:
3173:
3145:
3138:
3110:
3103:
3085:
3080:
3060:
3053:
3041:. Retrieved
3020:
3008:. Retrieved
3003:
3000:"Appendix 7"
2994:
2982:. Retrieved
2978:
2968:
2956:. Retrieved
2941:
2934:
2919:
2914:
2898:
2893:
2860:
2856:
2834:
2824:
2816:
2811:
2796:
2791:
2774:
2767:
2733:
2729:
2720:
2719:"Kautilya's
2709:
2700:
2691:
2682:
2673:
2653:
2646:
2637:
2629:
2625:
2605:
2598:
2582:
2574:
2570:
2560:February 28,
2558:. Retrieved
2537:
2533:
2508:
2504:
2491:
2483:the original
2478:
2464:
2459:
2447:. Retrieved
2442:
2433:
2349:
2345:Fidel Castro
2333:body doubles
2326:
2302:
2265:
2253:
2234:
2230:
2199:
2175:
2168:
2133:
2126:Ben Emmerson
2123:
2119:drone strike
2069:
2064:
2052:
2047:lethal force
2032:
2020:Syracuse Law
2000:
1995:
1977:
1967:
1956:
1951:combat drone
1875:
1871:
1867:sniper rifle
1859:
1807:
1784:
1767:
1763:
1747:
1739:Red Brigades
1736:
1722:separatists
1718:
1686:the Troubles
1679:
1648:
1644:
1615:assassinated
1593:
1588:Erwin Rommel
1554:World War II
1542:
1535:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1441:
1439:
1427:
1412:
1409:Rafik Hariri
1401:Oslo Accords
1390:
1384:sparked the
1375:
1355:Rajiv Gandhi
1353:and her son
1345:
1320:
1266:assassinated
1259:
1235:Leon Trotsky
1208:
1170:
1147:
1140:
1121:
1113:Hugo Grotius
1101:
1092:Clara Harris
1045:
985:
972:Arthashastra
970:
958:
919:
903:Ramesses III
885:
861:
854:
827:
823:
817:
810:
802:
775:
758:
689:
663:
659:
658:
621:assassinated
591:
587:
563:
562:
315:jurisdiction
312:
311:
274:Manslaughter
238:Spree killer
216:Proxy murder
97:Child murder
86:
80:jurisdiction
77:
76:
29:
5353:World War I
5308:Bosnian War
5215:South Sudan
5210:South Korea
5155:Puerto Rico
5145:Philippines
5113:North Korea
5103:New Zealand
4936:El Salvador
4816:Afghanistan
4786:Roman Judea
4699:– video by
4664:. However,
4458:December 8,
4261:Times Daily
4125:resrep04271
3815:Basic Books
3651:February 9,
3592:February 9,
2781:October 27,
2736:(1): 9–37.
2721:Arthaśāstra
2511:(5): 1–15.
2182:Janissaries
2149:Early forms
2039:due process
2012:Steve David
2004:Amos Guiora
1750:Vietnam War
1600:Vietnam War
1598:During the
1548:during the
1527:Machiavelli
1380:during the
1185:World War I
1064:tyrannicide
1060:Renaissance
1048:Middle Ages
946:Sennacherib
896:New Kingdom
875:Amenemhat I
868:Old Kingdom
776:Founded by
665:hashshashin
639:Mugshot of
604:Hashshashin
520:Tyrannicide
458:Crucifixion
401:Neonaticide
396:Infanticide
181:Mass murder
171:Lust murder
5856:Categories
5328:Kosovo War
4926:East Timor
4846:Bangladesh
4841:Azerbaijan
4806:By country
4796:Yugoslavia
4182:A109352000
4145:August 13,
3395:August 14,
3344:August 14,
2984:August 16,
2779:Retrieved
2314:Popemobile
2297:Popemobile
2241:small arms
2171:bodyguards
2111:US citizen
1789:and later
1776:Techniques
1770:delusional
1760:Psychology
1619:Quds Force
1546:Alcibiades
1522:The Prince
1479:See also:
1460:Samir Khan
1397:Yigal Amir
1363:separatist
1346:In India,
1292:See also:
1132:Boshin War
1128:Ii Naosuke
1028:Ying Zheng
1004:Shia Imams
967: 350
942:King David
685:ḥaššāšīyīn
572:grievances
478:Gendercide
418:Sororicide
413:Fratricide
387:Prolicide
378:Mariticide
373:Familicide
337:Euthanasia
5447:Massacres
5383:Armenians
5270:Venezuela
5225:Sri Lanka
5185:Singapore
5073:Lithuania
5031:Jerusalem
5006:Indonesia
4971:Guatemala
4836:Australia
4831:Argentina
4740:massacres
4738:Lists of
4481:March 30,
4189:200510695
4039:211100211
3709:Viet Cong
3390:235502691
2958:March 22,
2752:154243517
2276:Congolese
1911:Lev Rebet
1847:Derringer
1831:Rifle of
1803:Gunpowder
1728:Francoist
1677:in 1920.
1667:the Squad
1608:Viet Cong
1440:In 2010,
1371:Sri Lanka
1324:Argentina
1278:Malcolm X
1243:Catalonia
1037:Assassins
866:, of the
782:Near East
679:romanized
653:Jack Ruby
598:Etymology
576:notoriety
525:War crime
488:Androcide
435:Patricide
430:Matricide
425:Parricide
408:Siblicide
383:Uxoricide
342:Foeticide
211:Poisoning
127:Foeticide
5422:See also
5375:By group
5245:Thailand
5195:Slovenia
5190:Slovakia
5123:Pakistan
5083:Malaysia
4941:Ethiopia
4896:Colombia
4660:'s 1976
4650:Archived
4639:magazine
4448:Fox News
4410:Archived
4292:Archived
4185:ProQuest
4112:(2002).
4035:ProQuest
3840:Sky News
3817:, 1999.
3732:Archived
3610:(2006).
3583:Archived
3165:26931305
3130:52127756
3090:Archived
3034:Archived
2885:57572213
2756:Archived
2525:97163876
2449:June 26,
2357:See also
2165:in 2007.
2099:Al-Qaeda
2084:Predator
2055:B'Tselem
1948:Predator
1927:polonium
1890:umbrella
1882:Bulgaria
1814:grenades
1810:car bomb
1791:firearms
1706:Brighton
1690:unionist
1621:General
1503:sabotage
1294:Cold War
1052:regicide
1041:shinobis
960:Chanakya
901:monarch
836:(1605).
798:Crusader
660:Assassin
629:Helsinki
588:assassin
505:Regicide
500:Omnicide
495:Genocide
483:Femicide
468:Democide
442:Senicide
391:Filicide
176:Lynching
63:Homicide
5503:by year
5275:Vietnam
5260:Ukraine
5160:Romania
5108:Nigeria
5093:Myanmar
5063:Lebanon
5043:Jamaica
5021:Ireland
4996:Iceland
4991:Hungary
4956:Germany
4946:Finland
4901:Croatia
4876:Burundi
4861:Bolivia
4856:Belgium
4851:Belarus
4826:Algeria
4821:Albania
4394:Lincoln
4324:May 20,
4298:May 20,
4267:May 20,
4240:May 19,
4094:May 29,
3973:May 20,
3694:Haaretz
3493:July 8,
3467:May 22,
3275:May 13,
3243:May 13,
3211:June 2,
3043:July 5,
3010:May 20,
2877:2626775
2416:of the
2337:made up
2209:first.
2161:during
1919:cyanide
1748:In the
1708:hotel.
1684:during
1511:Sun Tzu
1405:Lebanon
1221:leader
1201:Admiral
1111:chaos.
1046:In the
1033:sicarii
1020:Jing Ke
938:Absalom
924:, King
920:In the
877:of the
829:Macbeth
805:hashish
794:Fatimid
786:Abbasid
752:; from
691:hashish
681::
674:حشّاشين
580:motives
510:Stoning
463:Deicide
5290:By war
5255:Uganda
5250:Turkey
5240:Taiwan
5180:Serbia
5170:Rwanda
5165:Russia
5150:Poland
5088:Mexico
5058:Latvia
5026:Israel
4981:Guyana
4976:Guinea
4961:Greece
4951:France
4906:Cyprus
4881:Canada
4871:Brazil
4578:
4559:
4527:
4508:
4187:
4180:
4123:
4085:
4037:
4031:759584
4029:
3996:
3909:
3882:
3825:p. 362
3821:
3620:
3388:
3378:
3335:
3181:
3163:
3153:
3128:
3118:
3068:
2949:
2926:
2905:
2883:
2875:
2803:
2750:
2661:
2613:
2590:
2523:
2469:p. 215
2379:Hitman
2312:-like
2203:poison
2095:sniper
2091:drones
2088:Reaper
2024:GW Law
1862:sniper
1720:Basque
1671:Dublin
1487:, and
1367:Punjab
1264:, was
1249:, was
1014:, and
954:Sisera
790:Seljuk
670:Arabic
592:hitman
360:Family
70:Murder
5814:2020s
5753:2010s
5692:2000s
5631:1990s
5570:1980s
5509:1970s
5280:Yemen
5235:Syria
5230:Sudan
5220:Spain
5098:Nepal
5068:Libya
5053:Kenya
5048:Japan
5038:Italy
5001:India
4986:Haiti
4931:Egypt
4891:China
4886:Chile
4121:JSTOR
4117:(PDF)
3586:(PDF)
3575:(PDF)
3463:. BBC
3386:S2CID
3269:(PDF)
3262:(PDF)
3237:(PDF)
3230:(PDF)
3205:(PDF)
3198:(PDF)
3037:(PDF)
3030:(PDF)
2881:S2CID
2873:JSTOR
2759:(PDF)
2748:S2CID
2726:(PDF)
2521:S2CID
2257:metal
2245:mines
2103:Hamas
2082:from
1886:ricin
1704:in a
1499:ninja
1464:Yemen
1419:Syria
1403:. In
1272:) in
1026:king
930:Judah
926:Joash
761:ḥašīš
450:Other
5841:2024
5836:2023
5831:2022
5826:2021
5821:2020
5805:2019
5800:2018
5795:2017
5790:2016
5785:2015
5780:2014
5775:2013
5770:2012
5765:2011
5760:2010
5744:2009
5739:2008
5734:2007
5729:2006
5724:2005
5719:2004
5714:2003
5709:2002
5704:2001
5699:2000
5683:1999
5678:1998
5673:1997
5668:1996
5663:1995
5658:1994
5653:1993
5648:1992
5643:1991
5638:1990
5622:1989
5617:1988
5612:1987
5607:1986
5602:1985
5597:1984
5592:1983
5587:1982
5582:1981
5577:1980
5561:1979
5556:1978
5551:1977
5546:1976
5541:1975
5536:1974
5531:1973
5526:1972
5521:1971
5516:1970
5140:Peru
5078:Mali
5016:Iraq
5011:Iran
4658:Ford
4636:Life
4576:ISBN
4557:ISBN
4525:ISBN
4506:ISBN
4483:2010
4460:2006
4326:2010
4300:2010
4269:2010
4242:2010
4178:Gale
4147:2012
4096:2010
4083:ISBN
4027:SSRN
3994:ISBN
3975:2010
3920:2011
3907:ISBN
3880:ISBN
3838:" –
3819:ISBN
3653:2021
3618:ISBN
3594:2021
3495:2023
3469:2024
3446:2023
3421:2023
3397:2023
3376:ISBN
3346:2023
3333:ISBN
3302:2023
3277:2010
3245:2010
3213:2010
3179:ISBN
3161:OCLC
3151:ISBN
3126:OCLC
3116:ISBN
3066:ISBN
3045:2011
3012:2023
2986:2023
2960:2014
2947:ISBN
2924:ISBN
2903:ISBN
2801:ISBN
2783:2010
2659:ISBN
2611:ISBN
2588:ISBN
2562:2024
2471:and
2451:2023
2310:MRAP
2259:and
2195:Sikh
2101:and
1913:and
1737:The
1649:The
1560:The
1458:and
1311:sari
1296:and
1239:POUM
1215:NKVD
1160:and
1094:and
1008:Umar
950:Jael
934:Joab
864:Teti
755:حشيش
36:and
4686:doi
4643:CNN
4170:doi
3872:doi
3795:BBC
3761:CNN
3541:doi
3537:131
3368:doi
3325:doi
2865:doi
2738:doi
2513:doi
2316:of
2159:IED
2086:or
2061:":
1984:).
1899:CIA
1894:KGB
1849:of
1724:ETA
1700:by
1673:on
1213:'s
1024:Qin
928:of
832:by
822:in
723:or
623:by
590:or
322:War
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