905:. While worldwide Reform Judaism originated there, the nature of German communities limited what was known as "Liberal Judaism" to the status of a tendency within unified congregations which had to accommodate traditionalist members. German Liberals were relatively conservative (for example, maintaining mainly-Hebrew liturgy, head coverings for men, and separate seating for men and for women), and found the British Liberal synagogues far too radical. The moderation of the independent nonconformist ones suited them better, and immigrants overwhelmed West London and the others. They also brought along a cadre of 35
444:, personal God; an ongoing revelation, under the influence of which all scripture was written – but not dictated by providence – that enables contemporary Jews to reach new religious insights without necessarily being committed to the conventions of the past; regarding the ethical and moral values of Judaism as its true essence, while ritual and practical observance are means to achieve spiritual elation and not an end to themselves – and therefore, rejecting the binding nature of
216:
1978:
2525:
3021:
882:(WUPJ), albeit retaining a relatively conservative ritual, consistent with the congregation's sensibilities. Though both were WUPJ affiliates, cooperation and competition alike characterised relations with the Liberal ULPS as a growing interest in non-Orthodox forms emerged among the wider public. A Glasgow printer named Samuel Ginsberg was impressed with what he saw in West London and opened the
639:, which is shared with Liberal Judaism. While British Reform Judaism and British Liberal Judaism are both WUPJ affiliates and cooperate in many fields, such as outreach to the religiously non-active and interfaith families, the two organisations have previously stressed that they "retain their autonomy and distinct identities". However, on 17 April 2023, in announcing that Rabbi
2513:
1965:
855:, was as purist and radical as American Reform Judaism, if not exceeding it. He too emphasised the ethical aspects as the essence of religion, instituted drastic ritual reforms – over half of the Liberal liturgy was in English, men were bareheaded and sat together with women, the practical observance was not only ignored by the public (as was the case in the
828:: the founders were mostly German Jews, as was their first rabbi, Joseph Strauss. The three breakaway congregations were neither organised together nor had a consistent religious philosophy. Marks' "neo-Karaism", which was never very important to ordinary constituents in West London, virtually died with him. His successor, Rabbi
571:. Reform Judaism is welcoming to non-Jewish spouses; while the Assembly maintains "clear opposition" to involvement in interfaith unions, since 2012 it allows rabbis to conduct celebratory events as long as the ceremony does not involve clergy or motifs from other religions, or conversely those of a Jewish wedding, like a
417:
as binding. As of 2010, it was the second-largest Jewish religious group in the United
Kingdom, with 19.4% of synagogue-member households. On 17 April 2023, Reform Judaism and Liberal Judaism announced their intention to merge as one single unified progressive Jewish movement. The new movement, which
917:
who were aided by
Reinhart in finding new posts at Britain. Harmonising ritual and religious approach to a great measure, they made their loosely related communities quite uniform. One that remained independent and strongly clung to German Liberal worship was
859:, too) but officially discarded. While the three nonconformist synagogues did not emulate the JRU, it did influence them toward greater modifications, albeit yet inconsistent. In 1919, the St. George synagogue, appealing for unaffiliated
820:" was dedicated. They adopted Marks' prayerbook but retained the second day of festivals. Their motives were far more political than principally religious. In 1872, a third English synagogue withdrew from Adler's jurisdiction, the
1069:(1902–1984), Senior Rabbi at West London Synagogue, a founder and President of Leo Baeck College, London; President of the Reform Synagogues of Great Britain and Life Vice President of the World Union for Progressive Judaism
724:
vied for more clout with the wardens, and repeatedly protested against the protracted blessings for family members during services. They were also inclined to worship together. Eventually, a group of
Mocattas, Goldsmids,
958:(born 1946), head of the Movement for Reform Judaism from 1994 (when the organisation was known as Reform Synagogues of Great Britain) until 2011, and former President of the Movement for Reform Judaism (2011–16)
654:
Prior to Levy taking office, MRJ's board was led by the joint Vice-Chairs, Michael Harris and Paul
Langsford. Rabbis Kathleen Middleton and James Baaden co-chair the Assembly of Reform Rabbis and Cantors. Rabbi
620:. The Reform Bet Din's decisions are recognised worldwide by all WUPJ affiliates. Alongside the clergy, lay leadership is provided by a board of delegates, the chair of which represents Reform Judaism in the
832:, was dismissed by the Orthodox in 1890 for evincing doubt about the prayers concerning the sacrifices but was of little conviction. His moderate style brought a rapprochement with the United Synagogue.
729:
and other supporters withdrew from their two congregations on 15 April 1840, declaring their intention to found a house of worship for neither
Sephardi nor Ashkenazi, but "British Jews". They appointed
933:
and founded the
Associated British Synagogues, later renamed Associated Synagogues of Great Britain. The ASGB joined the WUPJ as a whole in 1945. In 1956, it cooperated with the ULPS to establish the
750:, grounded only in rabbinic tradition. His stance suited the secessionists mainly on the practical level; Most never cared much for the bibliocentric issue but were content to abolish the second day.
1954:
377:
3086:
606:
and determines policy in religious matters. The denomination is led by the
Movement CEO, while the Chair of the Assembly represents and organises the rabbis. It maintains a rabbinical court (
3071:
2704:
595:. As of 2010, Reform Judaism had 16,125 member households, accounting for 19.4% of synagogue-affiliated Jewish families in Britain and roughly 14% of the total Jewish population.
471:, several factors made it more moderate and less prone to modify old forms. Its constituency was socially conservative and it attempted to appeal to potential newcomers from the
1632:
870:
The first of the three breakaway synagogues to adopt full-fledged Reform
Judaism was West London. After the retirement of Rabbi Joseph in 1929, it hired Harold F Reinhart, a
3066:
2991:
1947:
299:
3076:
2923:
370:
2226:
926:
2246:
906:
840:
720:, respectively. The Mocattas were forced to walk miles on the Sabbath as an old communal ordinance banned forming prayer groups in a radius of ten miles from Bevis;
3024:
2968:
1940:
1359:
2958:
2622:
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2308:
1137:
363:
309:
341:
294:
1108:
1719:
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would take up the post of its chief executive from 1 May 2023, the
Movement for Reform Judaism said that Rabbi Levy would work in partnership with Rabbi
1038:(born 1948), Britain's first female rabbi in 1975, and convenor of the Movement for Reform Judaism's Beit Din (2012–2023), the first woman in the role
839:
emerged as the most important religious philosopher among Anglo-Jewry. Montefiore, whose mother attended West London
Synagogue, studied at the Berlin
3038:
2673:
2413:
2318:
1515:
1086:
321:
2502:
2403:
1932:
504:, while the Liberals and American Reform abridged theirs and introduced much English. Since the 1970s, formerly excised blessings (like those on
479:
by all WUPJ members since the 1970s also motivated Reform Judaism in the UK to adopt once discarded elements. Though it does not consider itself
3081:
2694:
2592:
2569:
2408:
895:
875:
56:
2393:
940:
On 17 April 2023, Reform Judaism and the Liberal movement announced their intention to merge and form a single progressive Jewish movement.
3061:
2668:
2627:
2612:
2293:
304:
3006:
2201:
1485:
966:
1428:
808:
In 1856, tensions in Manchester were increasing, as many in the community sought greater autonomy from the authoritarian new Chief Rabbi
801:
Reform, did not concern the English at all. West London was subject to a harsh denunciation and de facto ex-communication by Chief Rabbi
2216:
1053:
1002:
879:
406:
261:
205:
122:
1380:
2974:
2953:
2943:
2829:
2313:
1190:
2900:
2544:
1898:
1890:
1455:
1342:
326:
1840:
2736:
2333:
813:
695:", though their actual knowledge of Karaism was scant. This group rejected rabbinic authority and espoused a bibliocentric view.
648:
280:
38:
1691:
456:, and in immortality of the soul only, instead of bodily resurrection. Prayers referring to such concepts were omitted from the
2652:
489: – the sociological functions of which as an "intermediate" movement it indeed filled, especially since the "Assembly of
409:–affiliated denominations in the United Kingdom. Reform is relatively traditional in comparison with its smaller counterpart,
3001:
2928:
2338:
2236:
2231:
1544:
887:
440:
The denomination shares the basic tenets of Reform Judaism (alternatively known also as Progressive or Liberal) worldwide: a
2996:
2549:
1287:
883:
289:
2597:
2358:
2298:
1232:
2607:
2602:
2495:
2423:
2267:
817:
2890:
493:
Synagogues" was only established in 1985 and is very small – while Liberals are more reminiscent of US Reform.
2418:
2383:
2368:
1259:
1028:
937:
for training rabbis. In 1958, it adopted the name Reform Synagogues of Great Britain, which would last until 2005.
235:
2933:
2559:
2206:
930:
821:
786:
717:
158:
2938:
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2574:
2554:
2539:
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2343:
2323:
2196:
1780:
1746:
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1337:
1166:
977:
919:
468:
256:
1668:
1605:
2895:
2363:
2348:
2251:
2221:
2211:
761:
emphasised that Marks' philosophy was the polar opposite to that espoused by the German founding fathers of
758:
747:
712:
families, who were related by marriage, were complaining about lack of decorum and rigid regulations in the
602:
independently. All clergy are members of the Assembly of Reform Rabbis and Cantors, which publishes Reform
2885:
2488:
962:
583:
As of 2023, Reform Judaism has 42 synagogues, of which 40 are located in England, and, among those, 12 in
550:
518:
976:(born 1963), broadcaster and former Senior Rabbi to the Movement for Reform Judaism (2011–20); Rabbi at
2448:
2443:
2353:
2020:
2015:
1006:
973:
735:
713:
598:
All of the synagogues are autonomous, owned and financed by their members who also hire their own local
523:
773:
alone divine status, refused to call himself rabbi but insisted on "reverend", and even translated the
785:, he excised or reinstated various elements, always contrary to rabbinic tradition. Petitions for the
3031:
2762:
2632:
2373:
2121:
2096:
1845:
1724:
1637:
1610:
1490:
1405:
1292:
1202:
1141:
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871:
852:
726:
627:
Through its work for the welfare and development of young people, Reform Judaism is a member of the
490:
486:
464:
410:
215:
2864:
2854:
2797:
2564:
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2025:
1882:
809:
743:
1183:
The Growth of Religious Diversity: Britain from 1945 – Volume I: Traditions: Traditions Vol 1
545:
Recognition of Jews by patrilineal descent was affirmed in 2015. Reform Judaism currently ordains
2783:
2303:
2146:
2111:
1165:. Respectively, for each sentence: pp. 145; 128; xviii, 222; 195; 9. See also: Romain, Jonathan,
1066:
914:
825:
798:
790:
37:"Progressive Judaism (United Kingdom)" redirects here. For the smaller counterpart movement, see
2272:
688:
675:
In the 1820s and 1830s, a small intellectual current arose in English Jewry, influenced by the
2849:
2642:
2464:
2277:
2167:
2060:
2030:
1894:
1886:
1788:
1750:
1575:
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995:
934:
836:
802:
782:
731:
632:
621:
534:
did not become prevalent in most synagogues until the 2000s, although the first female rabbi,
314:
2859:
2804:
2790:
2776:
2699:
2617:
2524:
2469:
2398:
2040:
1878:
991:
856:
644:
613:
472:
351:
142:
17:
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2136:
2055:
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1871:
1776:
1563:
1194:
1154:
1013:
864:
848:
709:
692:
660:
55:
2141:
2106:
2065:
1633:"Rabbi Mark Goldsmith named as new senior rabbi of Edgware and Hendon Reform Synagogue"
1264:
1024:
844:
762:
721:
680:
651:, on the creation of a unified movement in the United Kingdom for Progressive Judaism.
584:
531:
513:
476:
435:
431:
346:
132:
74:
31:
3055:
2131:
2126:
2070:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1536:
1516:"Sir Trevor Chinn succeeds Rabbi Professor Tony Bayfield as Reform Judaism President"
1087:
OPINION: Together, Liberal and Reform Judaism stands on the edge of the promised land
1035:
955:
910:
891:
829:
770:
754:
656:
554:
535:
449:
742:
in Liverpool, he was deeply influenced by the "neo-Karaite" tendency and refused to
2963:
2517:
2045:
1814:
1113:
902:
794:
769:
as geniuses and progressives who developed Rabbinic Law further. Marks granted the
664:
546:
539:
95:
2844:
2821:
2769:
2101:
1696:
1433:
1090:
1049:
568:
564:
30:
This article is about the British denomination. For the worldwide movement, see
894:. In 1935, a group at Edgware seceded from the United Synagogue and formed the
757:
stressed that they were "unique and owed nothing" to the continental movement.
538:, was ordained in 1975. Mixed seating was only accepted just before and during
2948:
2241:
2075:
878:. Within a year, Reinhart brought the synagogue into the recently established
463:
Although Reform Judaism in the UK does subscribe to these views, held also by
445:
422:, will represent about 30% of British Jewry who are affiliated to synagogues.
414:
162:
2116:
2091:
2035:
1162:
1059:
984:
739:
706:
640:
84:
2512:
1964:
1109:"UK progressive Judaism bodies merge to give movement more reach and voice"
1027:(born 1953), Chair of the Assembly of Reform Rabbis UK (2013–15); Rabbi at
901:
A movement only arose with the arrival of some 40,000 Jewish refugees from
753:
Although the term "Reform" was occasionally conferred on the congregation,
1429:"Liberal and Reform merge to create single progressive UK Jewish movement"
1314:
659:
was Convenor of the Reform Bet Din until 2023. She was succeeded by Rabbi
2834:
860:
699:
676:
608:
505:
441:
1549:
925:
On 4 January 1942, representatives from the West London, North Western,
1875:
Tradition and change: a history of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995
1020:
and, since 2023, convenor of the Movement for Reform Judaism's Beit Din
867:. It was alternatively sponsored by both West London and the Liberals.
824:. Unlike the rest, Bradford was clearly influenced by developments in
778:
774:
702:
592:
588:
572:
509:
501:
481:
457:
453:
230:
2880:
2839:
2647:
1381:"Liberal and Reform together launch alliance for Progressive Judaism"
766:
684:
636:
617:
603:
559:
527:
497:
146:
1792:
1754:
1579:
1169:, Religions, BBC website, 13 August 2009. Retrieved 6 December 2015.
1922:
987:, Chief Executive of the Movement of Reform Judaism since May 2023
2918:
1355:
1062:(1928–1996), broadcaster and Senior Rabbi at West London Synagogue
628:
599:
1456:"Two New Chairs elected to Reform Assembly of Rabbis and Cantors"
781:
prayer as a later rabbinic corruption. In his new prayerbook and
1927:
225:
2484:
1936:
1383:(Press release). Movement for Reform Judaism. 17 September 2014
1229:
Judaism Within Modernity: Essays on Jewish History and Religion
874:
graduate who served as a rabbi in several congregations of the
460:, and traditional practices abolished or altered considerably.
2637:
1138:
Reform and Liberal UK synagogue movements announce merger plan
886:
in 1932. In 1933, Reinhart sponsored the establishment of the
851:. His Jewish Religious Union (JRU), the antecedent of British
189:
1052:(1930–2016), broadcaster and former European Director of the
1720:"Rabbi Laura Janner-Klausner announces return to the pulpit"
1408:(Press release). Movement for Reform Judaism. 17 April 2023
1912:
series). London: Reform Synagogues of Great Britain, 1975.
1518:(Press release). Movement for Reform Judaism. 27 June 2016
1928:
RSY-NETZER: The Zionist Youth Movement for Reform Judaism
1692:"Senior Reform Rabbi Laura Janner-Klausner to leave role"
929:, Glasgow, Manchester and Bradford synagogues met at the
522:-like divorce document issued by its rabbinic court, and
496:
Reform liturgy had always contained a high proportion of
1009:
and the second woman to be ordained as a rabbi in the UK
843:
and was a disciple of the teachings of German Reformers
516:
to a considerable degree in the public sphere. It has a
563:
and allowing them full participation. Girls have their
1199:
150 Years of Progressive Judaism in Britain: 1840–1990
994:(born 1942), who was the first full-time principal of
1016:(born 1954), writer, broadcaster, former minister of
629:
National Council for Voluntary Youth Services (NCVYS)
3087:
Organisations based in the London Borough of Barnet
2984:
2909:
2873:
2814:
2754:
2729:
2715:
2682:
2661:
2583:
2532:
2457:
2436:
2286:
2260:
2189:
2176:
2159:
2084:
1993:
1986:
508:) were returned. Reform Judaism in the UK observes
184:
176:
168:
152:
138:
128:
118:
101:
90:
80:
70:
62:
48:
2992:All-Party Parliamentary Group against Antisemitism
1599:
1597:
1486:"Tabick achieves another first at Reform Beit Din"
1338:Synagogue Membership in the United Kingdom in 2010
2924:Britain Israel Communications and Research Centre
1665:"Senior Rabbi to the Movement for Reform Judaism"
557:and has egalitarian services, counting women for
3072:Jewish organisations based in the United Kingdom
816:with disfavour. On 25 March 1858 the dissident "
2969:Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland
1841:"Moving chairs as Reform changes leading posts"
1550:Karaite Tendencies in an Early Reform Haggadah
2496:
1948:
1667:. Movement for Reform Judaism. Archived from
1360:National Council for Voluntary Youth Services
1260:"UK Reform rabbis accept patrilineal descent"
1031:and previously Rabbi at West London Synagogue
841:Hochschule fĂĽr die Wissenschaft des Judentums
679:environment which laid great emphasis on the
485:, it has been sometimes compared to American
371:
8:
2826:Jewish Association for Mental Illness - Jami
2623:Jewish Genealogical Society of Great Britain
2679:
2503:
2489:
2481:
2186:
1990:
1955:
1941:
1933:
1102:
1100:
378:
364:
201:
3067:1942 establishments in the United Kingdom
2247:Whetstone (Sha'arei Tsedek: North London)
1547:, 2002. pp. 108–115; Petuchowski, J. J.
1400:
1398:
738:, dedicated on 27 January 1842. A former
3077:Jewish organizations established in 1942
2674:Jewish communities in the United Kingdom
1606:"Reform leader Bayfield to retire early"
1510:
1508:
1479:
1477:
1288:"Interfaith couples could marry in shul"
1079:
896:Edgware & District Reform Synagogue
818:Manchester Congregation of British Jews
567:at 13, the same age as boys have their
243:
204:
2695:Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations
2593:British Association for Jewish Studies
2570:Scottish Council of Jewish Communities
2519:Jews and Judaism in the United Kingdom
2437:Independent communities and synagogues
1335:Graham, David; Vulkan, Daniel (2010).
1159:Reform Judaism and Modernity: A Reader
898:, again under West London's guidance.
876:Union of American Hebrew Congregations
45:
1427:Rosenberg, Michelle (17 April 2023).
1133:
1131:
967:Edgware & Hendon Reform Synagogue
698:Concurrently, wealthy members of the
683:and scorned the Jews for valuing the
7:
2669:Jewish cemeteries in the London area
2628:Jewish Historical Society of England
2613:Institute for Jewish Policy Research
2237:Temple Fortune (North Western/Alyth)
1971:Reform Judaism in the United Kingdom
1177:
1175:
1005:(born 1950), former Senior Rabbi at
1718:Toberman, Barry (8 February 2022).
1107:Sherwood, Harriet (17 April 2023).
1054:World Union for Progressive Judaism
1003:Julia Neuberger, Baroness Neuberger
880:World Union for Progressive Judaism
526:requires circumcision by males and
407:World Union for Progressive Judaism
123:World Union for Progressive Judaism
2975:Israel lobby in the United Kingdom
2954:Northern Ireland Friends of Israel
2944:Liberal Democrat Friends of Israel
2830:Jewish Council for Racial Equality
2177:Communities and synagogues in the
1484:Rocker, Simon (23 February 2012).
1406:"Statement on Progressive Judaism"
909:-trained rabbis, most prominently
403:Reform Synagogues of Great Britain
25:
2901:Jews for Justice for Palestinians
2545:Board of Deputies of British Jews
1604:Rocker, Simon (1 November 2010).
1541:The Jews of Britain, 1656 to 2000
1343:Board of Deputies of British Jews
1185:, Psychology Press. pp. 110–113.
691:, they were sometimes named "neo-
687:. Represented by such figures as
3020:
3019:
2523:
2511:
1976:
1963:
814:Solomon Marcus Schiller-Szinessy
214:
54:
39:Liberal Judaism (United Kingdom)
3007:Israel–United Kingdom relations
2653:London School of Jewish Studies
587:. There is one congregation in
290:Australia, New Zealand and Asia
3002:Council of Christians and Jews
2929:Conservative Friends of Israel
1545:University of California Press
1286:Rocker, Simon (26 July 2012).
888:North Western Reform Synagogue
734:to lead services in their new
631:. It trains its clergy at the
448:; a belief in the coming of a
436:Reform Judaism § Practice
432:Reform Judaism § Theology
405:until 2005, is one of the two
1:
3082:Judaism in the United Kingdom
2997:British Hero of the Holocaust
2550:Campaign Against Antisemitism
1839:Rocker, Simon (8 July 2013).
1317:. Movement for Reform Judaism
1258:Lewis, Jerry (17 July 2015).
1181:Parsons, Gerald (ed.) (1993)
965:(born 1963), Senior Rabbi at
884:Glasgow Progressive Synagogue
27:Jewish denomination in the UK
2598:Gateshead Talmudical College
2273:Whitefield (Sha'arei Shalom)
1690:Mendel, Jack (7 July 2020).
1233:Wayne State University Press
1216:Reform Judaism and Modernity
1203:London Museum of Jewish Life
835:At the turn of the century,
413:, though it does not regard
18:Assembly of Reform Rabbis UK
3062:Movement for Reform Judaism
2603:Holocaust Educational Trust
2309:Brentwood (Tikvah Chadasha)
2242:West Hampstead (Shir Hayim)
2181:Movement for Reform Judaism
1661:Movement for Reform Judaism
1460:Movement for Reform Judaism
822:Bradford Jewish Association
795:reinstitution of sacrifices
475:majority in British Jewry;
395:Movement for Reform Judaism
49:Movement for Reform Judaism
3103:
1345:. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
1029:Newcastle Reform Synagogue
765:. The latter regarded the
429:
36:
29:
3015:
2934:Independent Jewish Voices
2560:Jewish Leadership Council
2232:Redbridge (Sukkat Shalom)
1227:Meyer, Michael A. (2001)
931:Midland Hotel, Manchester
812:and regarded local Rabbi
718:Great Synagogue of London
53:
2939:Labour Friends of Israel
2891:Jewish Socialists' Group
2690:Federation of Synagogues
2575:Union of Jewish Students
2555:Community Security Trust
2540:Anglo-Jewish Association
978:Bromley Reform Synagogue
920:Belsize Square Synagogue
579:Organisational structure
469:Union for Reform Judaism
2896:Jewish Voice for Labour
1906:Women in Reform Judaism
1781:"50 Years: An Overview"
1568:"50 Years: An Overview"
759:Jakob Josef Petuchowski
748:second day of festivals
452:rather than a personal
2886:Jewish Labour Movement
2608:Holocaust Memorial Day
1819:Jewish Women's Archive
477:renewed traditionalism
2021:Laura Janner-Klausner
1007:West London Synagogue
974:Laura Janner-Klausner
944:Notable Reform rabbis
927:St. George Settlement
777:into Hebrew, viewing
736:West London Synagogue
647:, chief executive of
3033:List of British Jews
2763:The Jewish Chronicle
2633:Jewish Museum London
2217:Hatch End (Kol Chai)
1846:The Jewish Chronicle
1725:The Jewish Chronicle
1638:The Jewish Chronicle
1611:The Jewish Chronicle
1491:The Jewish Chronicle
1293:The Jewish Chronicle
1142:The Jewish Chronicle
1018:Maidenhead Synagogue
872:Hebrew Union College
863:Jews, was opened by
744:cantillate the Torah
487:Conservative Judaism
2865:World Jewish Relief
2565:London Jewish Forum
2026:Deborah Kahn-Harris
1910:Judaism in our time
1883:Vallentine Mitchell
1872:Romain, Jonathan A.
1795:on 29 December 2012
1757:on 29 December 2012
1671:on 17 December 2014
1582:on 29 December 2012
1553:, HUC Annual, 1960.
810:Nathan Marcus Adler
426:Belief and practice
420:Progressive Judaism
244:Regional affiliates
208:Progressive Judaism
3040:List of synagogues
2784:Jewish Renaissance
2278:Sharston (Menorah)
2147:Werner van der Zyl
2112:Albert Friedlander
1904:De Lange, Elaine.
1870:Kershen, Anne J.;
1641:. 19 November 2018
1205:, 1990. pp. 39–45.
1067:Werner van der Zyl
1043:Historical figures
915:Werner van der Zyl
826:Continental Europe
612:), located at the
3049:
3048:
2750:
2749:
2643:Leo Baeck College
2478:
2477:
2465:Leo Baeck College
2432:
2431:
2314:Brighton and Hove
2268:Manchester Reform
2168:Sigmund Sternberg
2155:
2154:
2122:Arthur Löwenstamm
2061:Sylvia Rothschild
2031:Nicholas de Lange
1815:"Julia Neuberger"
1789:Leo Baeck College
1751:Leo Baeck College
1576:Leo Baeck College
1537:Endelman, Todd M.
996:Leo Baeck College
935:Leo Baeck College
837:Claude Montefiore
803:Solomon Hirschell
783:Passover Haggadah
732:David Woolf Marks
633:Leo Baeck College
622:Board of Deputies
473:Centrist Orthodox
467:and the American
388:
387:
262:Reconstructionist
200:
199:
180:16,125 households
102:Joint vice-chairs
16:(Redirected from
3094:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3023:
3022:
2805:Jewish Year Book
2791:Jewish Telegraph
2777:Jewish Quarterly
2700:United Synagogue
2680:
2618:Jewish Book Week
2527:
2520:
2515:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2482:
2470:Sternberg Centre
2187:
2182:
2041:Jonathan Magonet
1991:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1972:
1967:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1934:
1923:Official website
1879:Portland, Oregon
1858:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1791:. Archived from
1777:Romain, Jonathan
1773:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1753:. Archived from
1743:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1601:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1578:. Archived from
1564:Romain, Jonathan
1560:
1554:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1512:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1481:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1402:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1352:
1346:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1255:
1249:
1242:
1236:
1225:
1219:
1212:
1206:
1195:Romain, Jonathan
1179:
1170:
1155:Romain, Jonathan
1152:
1146:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1104:
1095:
1084:
992:Jonathan Magonet
990:Rabbi Professor
857:United Synagogue
645:Charley Baginsky
614:Sternberg Centre
380:
373:
366:
218:
202:
196:
193:
191:
185:Official website
143:Sternberg Centre
58:
46:
21:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3011:
2980:
2911:
2905:
2869:
2810:
2746:
2737:Liberal Judaism
2725:
2722:Masorti Judaism
2711:
2678:
2657:
2585:
2579:
2528:
2518:
2509:
2479:
2474:
2453:
2428:
2404:South Hampshire
2282:
2256:
2222:Harrow (Mosaic)
2180:
2178:
2172:
2151:
2137:Harold Reinhart
2080:
2056:Jonathan Romain
2051:Julia Neuberger
1982:
1977:
1975:
1970:
1961:
1919:
1867:
1862:
1861:
1851:
1849:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1823:
1821:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1798:
1796:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1760:
1758:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1730:
1728:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1702:
1700:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1674:
1672:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1644:
1642:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1603:
1602:
1595:
1585:
1583:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1535:
1531:
1521:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1506:
1496:
1494:
1483:
1482:
1475:
1465:
1463:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1439:
1437:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1411:
1409:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1386:
1384:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1364:
1362:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1334:
1330:
1320:
1318:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1298:
1296:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1270:
1268:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1243:
1239:
1226:
1222:
1213:
1209:
1180:
1173:
1153:
1149:
1145:, 17 April 2023
1136:
1129:
1119:
1117:
1106:
1105:
1098:
1094:, 18 April 2023
1085:
1081:
1076:
1045:
1014:Jonathan Romain
951:
946:
865:Basil Henriques
853:Liberal Judaism
849:Samuel Holdheim
767:Beatified Sages
689:Isaac D'Israeli
673:
661:Jonathan Romain
649:Liberal Judaism
581:
530:by both sexes.
465:Liberal Judaism
438:
430:Main articles:
428:
411:Liberal Judaism
401:) and known as
393:, formally the
384:
332:
286:
270:United Kingdom
267:
207:
206:World Union for
188:
157:
156:4 January 1942
114:
85:Rabbi Josh Levy
81:Chief Executive
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3100:
3098:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3054:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2915:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2824:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2801:
2798:Jewish Tribune
2794:
2787:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2742:Reform Judaism
2739:
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2717:
2713:
2712:
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2707:
2697:
2692:
2686:
2684:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2485:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2184:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2142:Sheila Shulman
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2107:Curtis Cassell
2104:
2099:
2094:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2066:Sybil Sheridan
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1918:
1917:External links
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1191:978-0415083263
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1167:Reform Judaism
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845:Abraham Geiger
797:, rejected by
787:Return to Zion
763:Reform Judaism
722:Isaac Goldsmid
672:
669:
667:is President.
585:Greater London
580:
577:
555:LGBT marriages
532:Egalitarianism
427:
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418:may be called
391:Reform Judaism
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2377:
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2359:Isle of Wight
2357:
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2130:
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2127:Philip Magnus
2125:
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2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
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2100:
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2071:Jackie Tabick
2069:
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2022:
2019:
2017:
2016:Helen Freeman
2014:
2012:
2011:Barbara Borts
2009:
2007:
2006:Miriam Berger
2004:
2002:
2001:Tony Bayfield
1999:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1973:
1966:
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1951:
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1935:
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1907:
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1900:
1899:0-85303-298-X
1896:
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1891:0-85303-316-1
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830:Morris Joseph
827:
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819:
815:
811:
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804:
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796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
771:Written Torah
768:
764:
760:
756:
755:Todd Endelman
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
728:
723:
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1974:
1969:
1968:
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1865:Bibliography
1850:. Retrieved
1844:
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1818:
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1793:the original
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139:Headquarters
119:Associations
96:Trevor Chinn
63:Abbreviation
43:
2855:René Cassin
2845:Maccabaeans
2822:Jewish Care
2770:Jewish News
2730:Progressive
2705:Chief Rabbi
2586:and studies
2449:Westminster
2444:West London
2299:Bournemouth
2160:Lay leaders
2102:Lionel Blue
1824:16 February
1731:22 February
1697:Jewish News
1645:19 November
1434:Jewish News
1091:Jewish News
1050:Lionel Blue
998:(1985–2005)
799:Continental
727:Montefiores
714:Bevis Marks
681:Bible alone
604:prayerbooks
591:and one in
569:bar mitzvah
565:bat mitzvah
553:, conducts
551:LGBT clergy
310:Netherlands
3056:Categories
2374:Maidenhead
2339:Darlington
2261:Manchester
2085:Historical
2076:Mark Winer
1877:. London;
1852:6 December
1497:1 November
1412:4 November
1315:"About Us"
1299:6 December
1074:References
980:since 2022
969:since 2019
907:Hochschule
789:under the
524:conversion
446:Jewish law
415:Jewish law
163:Manchester
2912:relations
2874:Political
2815:Charities
2662:Religious
2584:Education
2424:Weybridge
2414:Southport
2399:Sheffield
2384:Newcastle
2369:Liverpool
2319:Cambridge
2294:Blackpool
2287:Elsewhere
2252:Wimbledon
2117:Hugo Gryn
2092:Leo Baeck
2036:Josh Levy
1747:"History"
1365:3 January
1356:"Members"
1246:150 Years
1235:, p. 317.
1218:, p. 285.
1163:SCM Press
1060:Hugo Gryn
1012:Rabbi Dr
985:Josh Levy
805:in 1842.
707:Ashkenazi
641:Josh Levy
91:President
3026:Category
2919:Betar UK
2835:Kisharon
2683:Orthodox
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2394:Ramsgate
2334:Coventry
2329:Cornwall
2304:Bradford
2207:Finchley
1885:, 1995.
1779:(2006).
1617:6 August
1566:(2006).
1440:17 April
1321:21 April
1248:, p. 44.
1244:Romain,
1214:Romain,
1157:(2004).
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2949:Na'amod
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2324:Cardiff
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1785:History
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1586:4 April
1572:History
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1387:23 July
1271:19 July
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775:Kaddish
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305:Germany
281:Liberal
231:Judaism
177:Members
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2881:Jewdas
2860:Tzedek
2840:Limmud
2648:Limmud
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2349:Harlow
2227:Ilford
2212:Hendon
2190:London
1994:Living
1987:Rabbis
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1889:
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1675:2 June
1466:14 May
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