357:(leaf axis), like the stipe, is a dull green, with occasional hairs. The blade is triangular or lance-shaped, with a squared-off or slightly rounded base and a pointed tip. It ranges from 2 to 11 centimeters (0.8 to 4.3 in) long and from 1 to 7 centimeters (0.4 to 2.8 in) wide, occasionally as wide as 10 centimeters (3.9 in). The blade varies from pinnate-pinnatifid to bipinnate-pinnatifid; that is, it is cut into lobed pinnae, and sometimes the pinnae themselves are cut into lobed pinnules. There are four to ten pairs of widely spaced pinnae per leaf, each of which is triangular to lance-shaped, with coarse incisions in the edges, which cut them into pinnules or deep lobes, and a rounded to angled base. The pinnules are indented, but not further cut. The longest pinnae are those nearest the base of the leaf, which range from 6 to 35 millimeters (0.2 to 1.4 in) long and from 4 to 20 millimeters (0.2 to 0.8 in) across. The veins in the leaf do not form a meshwork, and are obscure.
31:
361:
896:
73:
343:, which are about 1 millimeter across, may curve upward. They are not branched, but as new plants can form at root tips, a tightly packed cluster of stems may give the appearance of branching. The rhizomes are covered in dark brown, narrowly triangular scales, from 2 to 4 millimeters (0.1 to 0.2 in) long and from 0.2 to 0.4 millimeters across, with untoothed edges. They are strongly clathrate (bearing a lattice-like pattern).
350:(the stalk of the leaf, below the blade) is dark brown to purplish-black and shiny at the base, gradually turning dull green as it ascends to the leaf blade. The stipe is from 2 to 11 centimeters (0.8 to 4.3 in) long, and may be from 0.5 to 1.5 times the length of the blade. Dark, narrowly lance-shaped scales and tiny hairs are present only at the very base of the stipe, which is slender and fragile, and lacks wings.
50:
425:), a hybrid between Bradley's spleenwort and mountain spleenwort, is intermediate between its parents. When compared with mountain spleenwort, the blade of Wherry's spleenwort is lance-shaped, rather than triangular; the upper parts of the blade are not as deeply cut; and the dark color of the stipe extends to the beginning of the rachis.
2205:
Xu, Ke-Wang; Zhang, Liang; Rothfels, Carl J.; Smith, Alan R.; Viane, Ronald; Lorence, David; Wood, Kenneth R.; Cheng, Cheng-Wei; Knapp, Ralf; Zhou, Lin; Lu, Ngan Thi; Zhou, Xin-Mao; Wei, Hong-Jin; Fan, Qiang; Chen, Su-Fang; Cicuzza, Daniele; Gao, Xin-Fen; Li, Wen-Bo; Zhang, Li-Bing (2020).
987:
considers it critically imperiled in
Indiana, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Vermont, imperiled in New Jersey, and imperiled to vulnerable in Connecticut and New York. The principal threat to New York populations is
580:, the leaf blade is yellow-green, the fronds continue highly dissected to the apex and do not come to a pointed tip, the fronds are shorter and more highly dissected than usual, and all fronds are sterile.
810:
derivatives, but could not be more precisely determined due to lack of material; the last was a trace compound which could not be studied. A chloroplast phylogeny has suggested that
2560:
2555:
2390:
934:
in 2002 and 2008, respectively. One outlying population in
Missouri, collected in 1960, is considered historical; it is represented by one specimen collected near
956:, in crevices into which moisture seeps from within the rock strata. It has been found at altitudes up to 2,000 meters (7,000 ft). Like the closely related
2429:
2575:
2550:
2351:
743:
was shown to produce a pattern of seven substances chromatographically distinct from those produced by the other diploid members of the
Appalachian
2403:
2468:
514:
clade has a worldwide distribution; members are generally small and occur on hillsides, often sheltering among rocks in exposed habitats. The
972:. This habitat is unfavorable to most other plants, but its allotetraploid descendants and their backcross hybrids may occur alongside it.
2545:
2535:
857:
in 1935. The hybrid received no further attention until 1961, when it was described and named in Wherry's honor as Wherry's spleenwort (
2570:
1619:
1501:
938:
and has never been relocated. The site is thought to have been destroyed by road construction. A collection by
Farwell from the
2377:
57:
413:) are toothed and less deeply cut, and the dark color of the stipe continues partway up the rachis in that species. Wall-rue (
2565:
332:
fern which grows in tufts. The leaves are bluish-green and highly divided, proceeding from a long and often drooping stalk.
2408:
498:
published in 2020 divided the genus into eleven clades, which were given informal names pending further taxonomic study.
375:
can be found on the underside of each pinna. They are 0.5 to 1.5 millimeters long, covered by translucent, pale tan
1659:
1511:
Drife, Donald C.; Drife, Joyce E. (1990). "Oliver A. Farwell's early pteridophyte records from the
Keweenaw Peninsula".
1561:; Williams, Christine A.; Smith, Dale M. (1973). "Species-specific kaempferol derivatives in ferns of the Appalachian
1529:
2481:
2434:
1842:
72:
439:
2486:
1815:
983:
is globally secure, but threatened at the edges of its range. It is known only historically from
Missouri, and
927:
922:
from
Vermont and Massachusetts southwestward to Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia, and to a lesser extent in the
904:
614:
1836:
Smith, Dale M.; Levin, Donald A. (1963). "A chromatographic study of reticulate evolution in the
Appalachian
2343:
2293:
2025:. A new primary member of the Appalachian spleenwort complex from Crowder's Mountain, North Carolina USA".
1997:
747:
complex. These substances were present in the chromatograms of all tested hybrids believed to descend from
491:
in 1931. The change was not widely accepted and current authorities do not recognize this segregate genus.
419:) has a green stipe, and its pinnae have longer stalks and are broadest near the tip. Wherry's spleenwort (
2338:
2255:
931:
858:
854:
644:
608:
420:
414:
1941:
2191:
1705:
1524:
919:
661:
488:
444:
290:
254:
196:
180:
872:
2325:
876:
677:
557:
310:
298:
285:. It can be recognized by its tufts of dark blue-green, highly divided leaves. The species was first
549:
1953:
795:
532:
448:
286:
39:
2421:
2540:
2507:
2473:
2237:
2179:
2142:
2109:
2059:
1980:
1928:
1895:
1859:
1797:
1760:
1734:
1722:
1603:
1546:
939:
667:
456:
408:
229:
204:
67:
619:), and in 1936 concluded that Trudell's spleenwort was a hybrid between the first two. In 1951,
403:
The dark bluish-green color and the widely spaced, deeply cut and indented pinnae differentiate
2395:
2442:
2312:
2229:
1615:
1497:
784:
673:
592:
470:
30:
2447:
2021:
Wagner, Warren H. Jr.; Wagner, Florence S.; Lankalis, Joseph A.; Matthews, James F. (1973). "
2219:
2207:
2171:
2134:
2101:
2051:
1993:
1970:
1962:
1920:
1887:
1871:
1851:
1824:
1789:
1750:
1714:
1629:
1574:
1558:
1538:
908:
895:
680:
had already made tentative suggestions along those lines. He also made chromosome counts of
565:
434:
282:
2008:. Vol. 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press
736:
600:
2460:
1587:
360:
2455:
721:
561:
347:
278:
97:
1828:
1680:
845:, as suggested by Wherry. He also collected specimens of the backcross hybrid between
712:. His further experiments, published the following year, strongly suggested that both
2529:
2241:
1764:
1608:
1578:
989:
943:
294:
253:, is a small fern endemic to the eastern United States. It is found primarily in the
2155:
2122:
2085:
2039:
1908:
1875:
1773:
1696:
732:
to form a sterile diploid, followed by chromosome doubling that restored fertility.
2512:
2072:
1738:
780:
624:
147:
137:
127:
2317:
2416:
2364:
2287:
1643:
984:
946:, but is of questionable authenticity; the population has never been relocated.
935:
923:
788:
620:
523:
293:. No subspecies have been described, although a discolored and highly dissected
270:
2278:
1610:
A Field Manual of the Ferns & Fern-Allies of the United States & Canada
336:
is monomorphic, with no difference in form between sterile and fertile fronds.
317:
are among the few other vascular plants that can tolerate its typical habitat.
807:
791:
693:
392:
380:
2304:
1007:. In either case, the soil used should be amended with chips of acidic rock.
1739:"A preliminary list of the vascular flora of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania"
1004:
953:
826:
803:
479:
329:
274:
157:
2499:
2233:
1809:
Smith, Dale M.; Harborne, Jeffrey B. (1971). "Xanthones in the
Appalachian
2073:"Soil acidity—its nature, measurement, and relation to plant distribution"
1975:
1527:(1931). "Fern Notes II. Ferns in the Herbarium of Parke, Davis & co".
353:
The leaf blade is thick and hairless, and of a dark blue-green color; the
2494:
2272:
705:
461:
376:
309:
complex," a group of spleenwort species and hybrids which have formed by
926:
in Ohio, Indiana, and
Kentucky. Arkansas populations were discovered in
2356:
2208:"A global plastid phylogeny of the fern genus Asplenium (Aspleniaceae)"
2183:
2146:
2113:
2063:
1984:
1932:
1899:
1863:
1801:
1726:
1550:
969:
701:
340:
262:
258:
2369:
2224:
1755:
1273:
1271:
1258:
1256:
354:
266:
2382:
2249:
2175:
2138:
2105:
2077:
Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution
2055:
1966:
1924:
1891:
1855:
1793:
1718:
1542:
2195:
1633:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
894:
384:
372:
359:
218:
84:
1494:
A Field Guide to Ferns of Northeastern and Central North America
964:
requires that the thin soil in its favored crevices be subacid (
117:
107:
2330:
2253:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
407:
from most related species. The pinnae of Bradley's spleenwort (
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1183:
1181:
1492:
Cobb, Boughton; Farnsworth, Elizabeth; Lowe, Cheryl (2005).
1397:
652:
In 1953, he reported preliminary cytological studies on the
1772:
Smith, Dale M.; Bryant, Truman R.; Tate, Donald E. (1961).
968:
4.5–5.0) to mediacid (pH 3.5–4.0), and it is intolerant of
965:
684:, which had been classified by some simply as a variety of
277:
cliffs with highly acid soil, where it is usually the only
1496:. Peterson Field Guides. New York City: Houghton Mifflin.
1168:
1166:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1068:
1066:
1064:
735:
These cytotaxonomic findings were supported by subsequent
1681:"New and noteworthy additions to the Arkansas fern flora"
1026:
1024:
775:. Four of the compounds present in the chromatograms of
477:(Lam.) Röhl. ex Spreng. The species was segregated from
2004:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
833:
to form triploid hybrids. The backcross hybrid between
708:, and Wagner showed that this was in fact the case for
1475:
1408:
1406:
629:
Problems of Cytology and Evolution in the Pteridophyta
1373:
371:
On fertile fronds, from 1 to 15 elliptical or narrow
1909:"A cytological study of the Appalachian spleenworts"
1277:
1262:
1247:
1124:
1122:
2262:
1423:
1421:
595:with a number of other species in the "Appalachian
576:. In this form, as contrasted with the usual forma
1607:
1055:
2027:Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society
1614:. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
1113:
1187:
821:The allotetraploid hybrid species derived from
2040:"The soil reactions of certain rock ferns—II"
1361:
8:
2154:Wherry, Edgar T.; Gray, William D. (1936).
1030:
469:, but this name is illegitimate as a later
2250:
1439:
1349:
1301:
387:. The species has a chromosome number of 2
48:
29:
20:
16:Species of fern in the family Aspleniaceae
2223:
1992:Wagner, Warren H. Jr.; Moran, Robbin C.;
1974:
1942:"Reticulate evolution in the Appalachian
1754:
1646:. New York Natural Heritage Program. 2011
1211:
1172:
1157:
1140:
1072:
451:it as a separate species, which he named
265:, with a few isolated populations in the
2200:. Vol. 5 pt. 1. Berlin: G. C. Nauk.
635:itself might represent a hybrid between
313:. Members of the complex descended from
305:is a diploid member of the "Appalachian
2561:Flora of the Southeastern United States
2556:Flora of the Northeastern United States
1638:. Vol. 2. Paris: Charles Crapelet.
1463:
1412:
1235:
1199:
1020:
724:, the product of hybridization between
2006:Flora of North America North of Mexico
1451:
1385:
1337:
1325:
1313:
1289:
1223:
1128:
914:One of the "Appalachian spleenworts",
787:, were subsequently identified as the
459:attempted to transfer it to the genus
433:This fern was at first identified by
7:
1427:
942:of Michigan was considered valid by
2576:Taxa named by Carl Ludwig Willdenow
1567:Biochemical Systematics and Ecology
1374:Harborne, Williams & Smith 1973
1003:may be cultivated outdoors or in a
806:. The other two were identified as
704:, a hybrid between them would be a
660:had crossed with ebony spleenwort (
568:, he interpreted it as a new form,
552:described an unusual population of
2551:Flora of the Appalachian Mountains
2487:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17047600-1
536:and its allopolyploid descendant,
14:
666:) to yield Bradley's spleenwort (
379:with somewhat jagged edges. Each
2023:Asplenium montanum × platyneuron
1056:Cobb, Farnsworth & Lowe 2005
437:, in 1803, as black spleenwort (
273:. It grows in small crevices in
71:
881:A. montanum × rhizophyllum
639:and the American walking fern,
603:noted the similarities between
1940:Wagner, Warren H. Jr. (1954).
1907:Wagner, Warren H. Jr. (1953).
1596:Biota of North America Program
1114:Wagner, Moran & Werth 1993
952:grows on acidic rocks such as
865:A. montanum × platyneuron
1:
2156:"Variety of some Appalachian
1829:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97205-4
1743:Annals of the Carnegie Museum
1188:Smith, Bryant & Tate 1961
613:), and Trudell's spleenwort (
1579:10.1016/0305-1978(73)90035-5
814:is the maternal ancestor of
631:, suggested in passing that
367:sori beneath a fertile frond
1666:. NatureServe. October 2015
1530:American Midland Naturalist
871:, was collected in 1972 at
761:A. × kentuckiense
526:. The closest relatives of
2592:
2546:Ferns of the United States
2536:NatureServe secure species
2071:Wherry, Edgar T. (1920b).
1843:American Journal of Botany
1476:Mountain Spleenwort, NYNHP
564:to show that it was not a
2197:Linnaei species plantarum
2121:Wherry, Edgar T. (1935).
2084:Wherry, Edgar T. (1925).
2038:Wherry, Edgar T. (1920).
1586:Kartesz, John T. (2014).
1362:Smith & Harborne 1971
440:Asplenium adiantum-nigrum
210:
203:
186:
179:
68:Scientific classification
66:
46:
37:
28:
23:
2571:Plants described in 1810
2123:"Fern field notes, 1935"
1876:"Recent Fern Literature"
1695:Reeves, Timothy (1974).
976:Ecology and conservation
907:(1899); illustration by
905:Frances Theodora Parsons
891:Distribution and habitat
887:, has never been found.
843:A. × trudellii
769:A. × trudellii
751:at one or more removes:
710:A. × trudellii
682:A. × trudellii
641:Camptosorus rhizophyllus
616:A. × trudellii
530:within the subclade are
289:in 1810 by the botanist
249:, commonly known as the
1679:Peck, James H. (2011).
1635:Flora boreali-americana
863:). The sterile diploid
757:A. × gravesii
538:A. adiantum-nigrum
326:Asplenium montanum
303:Asplenium montanum
2192:Willdenow, Carl Ludwig
1525:Farwell, Oliver Atkins
1440:Drife & Drife 1990
1350:Smith & Levin 1963
1302:Wherry & Gray 1936
911:
860:A. × wherryi
855:Blairstown, New Jersey
773:A. × wherryi
494:A global phylogeny of
422:A. × wherryi
368:
297:was reported from the
2566:Ferns of the Americas
2164:American Fern Journal
2127:American Fern Journal
2094:American Fern Journal
2044:American Fern Journal
1913:American Fern Journal
1880:American Fern Journal
1872:Wagner, Warren H. Jr.
1782:American Fern Journal
1778:hybrid from Kentucky"
1706:American Fern Journal
1644:"Mountain Spleenwort"
920:Appalachian Mountains
901:How to Know the Ferns
898:
779:and its descendants,
656:s and suggested that
489:Oliver Atkins Farwell
445:Carl Ludwig Willdenow
363:
291:Carl Ludwig Willdenow
255:Appalachian Mountains
1559:Harborne, Jeffrey B.
1011:Notes and references
885:A. pinnatifidum
839:A. pinnatifidum
765:A. pinnatifidum
718:A. pinnatifidum
690:A. pinnatifidum
686:A. pinnatifidum
646:A. rhizophyllum
633:A. pinnatifidum
610:A. pinnatifidum
607:, lobed spleenwort (
558:Shawangunk Mountains
455:, in 1810. In 1901,
416:A. ruta-muraria
311:reticulate evolution
299:Shawangunk Mountains
24:Mountain spleenwort
1604:Lellinger, David B.
1202:, pp. 265–266.
1143:, pp. 242–243.
663:A. platyneuron
599:complex". In 1925,
485:Chamaefilix montana
395:; it is a diploid.
251:mountain spleenwort
214:Chamaefilix montana
40:Conservation status
2294:Asplenium montanum
2264:Asplenium montanum
2000:Asplenium montanum
1699:Asplenium montanum
1662:Asplenium montanum
1398:Wagner et al. 1973
1001:Asplenium montanum
981:Asplenium montanum
950:Asplenium montanum
940:Keweenaw Peninsula
912:
899:Illustration from
873:Crowder's Mountain
853:from a cliff near
783:gold-orange under
623:, while reviewing
589:Asplenium montanum
570:Asplenium montanum
506:subclade" of the "
453:Asplenium montanum
369:
365:Asplenium montanum
246:Asplenium montanum
190:Asplenium montanum
2523:
2522:
2443:Open Tree of Life
2256:Taxon identifiers
2225:10.1111/cla.12384
2086:"The Appalachian
1994:Werth, Charles R.
1513:Michigan Botanist
785:ultraviolet light
533:A. onopteris
475:Athyrium montanum
467:Athyrium montanum
242:
241:
232:
225:Athyrium montanum
221:
61:
2583:
2516:
2515:
2503:
2502:
2490:
2489:
2477:
2476:
2464:
2463:
2451:
2450:
2438:
2437:
2425:
2424:
2412:
2411:
2399:
2398:
2386:
2385:
2373:
2372:
2360:
2359:
2347:
2346:
2334:
2333:
2321:
2320:
2308:
2307:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2251:
2245:
2227:
2201:
2187:
2150:
2117:
2080:
2067:
2034:
2017:
2015:
2013:
1988:
1978:
1950:
1936:
1903:
1867:
1832:
1823:(9): 2117–2119.
1805:
1768:
1758:
1756:10.5962/p.331056
1730:
1691:
1690:. 2011–30: 1–33.
1685:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1639:
1625:
1613:
1599:
1582:
1554:
1520:
1507:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1416:
1410:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1266:
1260:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1176:
1170:
1161:
1155:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1117:
1111:
1076:
1070:
1059:
1053:
1034:
1031:NatureServe 2015
1028:
962:A. montanum
958:A. bradleyi
918:is found in the
916:A. montanum
909:Marion Satterlee
869:A. bradleyi
851:A. bradleyi
847:A. montanum
835:A. montanum
831:A. montanum
823:A. montanum
816:A. bradleyi
812:A. montanum
777:A. montanum
753:A. bradleyi
749:A. montanum
741:A. montanum
726:A. montanum
714:A. bradleyi
698:A. montanum
669:A. bradleyi
658:A. montanum
637:A. montanum
605:A. montanum
554:A. montanum
528:A. montanum
502:belongs to the "
500:A. montanum
410:A. bradleyi
405:A. montanum
334:A. montanum
315:A. montanum
283:ecological niche
235:nom. illeg. hom.
227:
216:
192:
172:A. montanum
76:
75:
55:
52:
51:
33:
21:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2511:
2506:
2498:
2493:
2485:
2480:
2472:
2467:
2459:
2454:
2446:
2441:
2433:
2428:
2420:
2415:
2407:
2402:
2394:
2389:
2381:
2376:
2368:
2363:
2355:
2350:
2342:
2337:
2329:
2324:
2316:
2311:
2303:
2301:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2258:
2248:
2204:
2190:
2176:10.2307/1543680
2153:
2139:10.2307/1544060
2120:
2106:10.2307/1544001
2083:
2070:
2056:10.2307/1543831
2037:
2020:
2011:
2009:
1991:
1967:10.2307/2405636
1948:
1939:
1925:10.2307/1545766
1906:
1892:10.2307/1545050
1870:
1856:10.2307/2439783
1835:
1808:
1794:10.2307/1546943
1771:
1735:Shafer, John A.
1733:
1719:10.2307/1546827
1697:"A new form of
1694:
1683:
1678:
1669:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1647:
1642:
1628:
1622:
1602:
1585:
1557:
1543:10.2307/2420088
1523:
1510:
1504:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1474:
1470:
1462:
1458:
1450:
1446:
1438:
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1419:
1411:
1404:
1396:
1392:
1384:
1380:
1372:
1368:
1360:
1356:
1348:
1344:
1336:
1332:
1324:
1320:
1312:
1308:
1300:
1296:
1288:
1284:
1276:
1269:
1261:
1254:
1246:
1242:
1234:
1230:
1222:
1218:
1210:
1206:
1198:
1194:
1186:
1179:
1171:
1164:
1156:
1147:
1139:
1135:
1127:
1120:
1112:
1079:
1071:
1062:
1054:
1037:
1029:
1022:
1018:
1013:
998:
978:
893:
883:, precursor to
867:, precursor to
737:chromatographic
722:allotetraploids
692:proved to be a
672:), noting that
601:Edgar T. Wherry
586:
546:
447:recognized and
431:
401:
339:The horizontal
323:
281:occupying that
199:
194:
188:
175:
70:
62:
53:
49:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2589:
2587:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2528:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2513:wfo-0001109334
2504:
2491:
2478:
2465:
2452:
2439:
2426:
2413:
2400:
2387:
2374:
2361:
2348:
2335:
2322:
2309:
2299:
2284:
2268:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2247:
2246:
2202:
2188:
2151:
2133:(4): 123–126.
2118:
2081:
2068:
2035:
2018:
1989:
1976:2027.42/137493
1961:(2): 103–118.
1937:
1919:(3): 109–114.
1904:
1868:
1850:(9): 952–958.
1833:
1816:Phytochemistry
1806:
1769:
1731:
1713:(4): 105–106.
1701:from New York"
1692:
1676:
1656:
1640:
1630:Michaux, André
1626:
1620:
1600:
1583:
1555:
1537:(8): 233–311.
1521:
1508:
1502:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1468:
1456:
1444:
1432:
1417:
1402:
1390:
1378:
1366:
1354:
1342:
1330:
1318:
1306:
1294:
1282:
1278:Xu et al. 2020
1267:
1263:Xu et al. 2020
1252:
1248:Xu et al. 2020
1240:
1238:, p. 273.
1228:
1226:, p. 124.
1216:
1214:, p. 342.
1212:Willdenow 1810
1204:
1192:
1177:
1175:, p. 233.
1173:Lellinger 1985
1162:
1160:, p. 243.
1158:Lellinger 1985
1145:
1141:Lellinger 1985
1133:
1118:
1077:
1075:, p. 242.
1073:Lellinger 1985
1060:
1035:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
997:
994:
977:
974:
928:Garland County
892:
889:
591:readily forms
585:
582:
574:shawangunkense
562:chromatography
560:. Having used
550:Timothy Reeves
545:
542:
457:John A. Shafer
430:
427:
400:
399:Identification
397:
322:
319:
279:vascular plant
240:
239:
238:
237:
222:
208:
207:
201:
200:
195:
184:
183:
177:
176:
169:
167:
163:
162:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
118:Polypodiopsida
115:
111:
110:
108:Polypodiophyta
105:
101:
100:
95:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
64:
63:
47:
44:
43:
38:
35:
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2243:
2239:
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2198:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
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2161:
2159:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2119:
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2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2089:
2082:
2078:
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2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2007:
2003:
2001:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1947:
1945:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
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1897:
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1621:0-87474-603-5
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1322:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1283:
1280:, p. 46.
1279:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1265:, p. 30.
1264:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1250:, p. 27.
1249:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1205:
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1184:
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1178:
1174:
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1167:
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1100:
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1090:
1088:
1086:
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1078:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1058:, p. 66.
1057:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1002:
995:
993:
991:
990:rock climbing
986:
982:
975:
973:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
945:
944:M. L. Fernald
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
910:
906:
902:
897:
890:
888:
886:
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878:
874:
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861:
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848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
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824:
819:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
796:isomangiferin
793:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
733:
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727:
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707:
703:
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695:
691:
687:
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670:
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664:
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648:
647:
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638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
617:
612:
611:
606:
602:
598:
594:
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581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
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541:
539:
535:
534:
529:
525:
521:
518:subclade has
517:
513:
509:
505:
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492:
490:
486:
482:
481:
476:
472:
468:
464:
463:
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454:
450:
446:
442:
441:
436:
435:André Michaux
428:
426:
424:
423:
418:
417:
412:
411:
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398:
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394:
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386:
382:
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327:
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316:
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308:
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268:
264:
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252:
248:
247:
236:
231:
226:
223:
220:
215:
212:
211:
209:
206:
202:
198:
193:
191:
185:
182:
181:Binomial name
178:
174:
173:
168:
165:
164:
161:
160:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
98:Tracheophytes
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
74:
69:
65:
59:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2461:tro-26602514
2263:
2218:(1): 22–71.
2215:
2211:
2196:
2170:(3): 77–86.
2167:
2163:
2157:
2130:
2126:
2100:(2): 48–54.
2097:
2093:
2087:
2076:
2050:(2): 45–52.
2047:
2043:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2010:. Retrieved
2005:
1999:
1958:
1952:
1943:
1916:
1912:
1886:(3): 90–93.
1883:
1879:
1847:
1841:
1837:
1820:
1814:
1810:
1788:(2): 70–72.
1785:
1781:
1775:
1746:
1742:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1687:
1670:December 18,
1668:. Retrieved
1661:
1648:. Retrieved
1634:
1609:
1595:
1589:
1573:(1): 51–54.
1570:
1566:
1562:
1534:
1528:
1516:
1512:
1493:
1471:
1464:Wherry 1920b
1459:
1447:
1435:
1413:Kartesz 2014
1393:
1381:
1369:
1357:
1345:
1333:
1321:
1309:
1297:
1285:
1243:
1236:Farwell 1931
1231:
1219:
1207:
1200:Michaux 1803
1195:
1136:
1000:
999:
980:
979:
961:
957:
949:
948:
932:Stone County
915:
913:
900:
884:
880:
868:
864:
859:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
822:
820:
815:
811:
799:
798:, and their
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
734:
729:
728:and another
725:
717:
713:
709:
697:
689:
685:
681:
668:
662:
657:
653:
651:
645:
640:
636:
632:
628:
625:Irene Manton
615:
609:
604:
596:
588:
587:
577:
573:
569:
553:
547:
537:
531:
527:
524:gametophytes
519:
515:
511:
510:clade". The
507:
503:
499:
495:
493:
484:
478:
474:
466:
460:
452:
438:
432:
421:
415:
409:
404:
402:
391:= 72 in the
388:
370:
364:
352:
345:
338:
333:
328:is a small,
325:
324:
314:
306:
302:
250:
245:
244:
243:
234:
224:
213:
189:
187:
171:
170:
158:
148:Aspleniaceae
138:Aspleniineae
128:Polypodiales
91:
18:
2417:NatureServe
2365:iNaturalist
2288:Wikispecies
1688:Phytoneuron
1485:Works cited
1452:Wherry 1920
1386:Wherry 1935
1338:Wagner 1954
1326:Wagner 1953
1314:Wagner 1951
1290:Wherry 1925
1224:Shafer 1901
1129:Reeves 1974
996:Cultivation
985:NatureServe
936:Graham Cave
924:Ohio Valley
789:xanthonoids
781:fluorescing
678:W. N. Clute
674:D. C. Eaton
621:Herb Wagner
512:Pleurosorus
508:Pleurosorus
321:Description
271:Ohio Valley
269:and in the
58:NatureServe
2530:Categories
2456:Plant List
2383:17047600-1
2212:Cladistics
2079:: 247–268.
2033:: 218–223.
1840:complex".
1813:complex".
1749:: 14–127.
1565:complex".
1016:References
808:kaempferol
804:glucosides
792:mangiferin
694:tetraploid
393:sporophyte
381:sporangium
134:Suborder:
104:Division:
2541:Asplenium
2344:200004144
2242:201197385
2158:Asplenium
2088:Asplenium
1954:Evolution
1944:Asplenium
1838:Asplenium
1811:Asplenium
1776:Asplenium
1774:"Another
1765:251482322
1590:Asplenium
1563:Asplenium
1428:Peck 2011
1005:terrarium
954:sandstone
827:backcross
745:Asplenium
739:studies.
730:Asplenium
654:Asplenium
597:Asplenium
556:from the
548:In 1974,
544:Varieties
516:Onopteris
504:Onopteris
496:Asplenium
480:Asplenium
449:described
383:holds 64
330:evergreen
307:Asplenium
301:in 1974.
287:described
275:sandstone
228:(Willd.)
217:(Willd.)
166:Species:
159:Asplenium
81:Kingdom:
2500:26602514
2495:Tropicos
2422:2.146315
2396:10584467
2279:Q4808134
2273:Wikidata
2234:34618950
2194:(1810).
1996:(1993).
1874:(1951).
1737:(1901).
1632:(1803).
1606:(1985).
1519:: 89–96.
706:triploid
578:montanum
520:Aspidium
462:Athyrium
429:Taxonomy
341:rhizomes
205:Synonyms
144:Family:
2448:1031841
2357:2650651
2184:1543680
2147:1544060
2114:1544001
2064:1543831
2012:July 4,
1985:2405636
1933:1545766
1900:1545050
1864:2439783
1802:1546943
1727:1546827
1650:July 5,
1551:2420088
970:calcium
877:Georgia
702:diploid
593:hybrids
584:Hybrids
471:homonym
377:indusia
263:Alabama
259:Vermont
154:Genus:
124:Order:
114:Class:
85:Plantae
56: (
54:Secure
2469:PLANTS
2435:243998
2370:122055
2331:597648
2240:
2232:
2182:
2145:
2112:
2062:
1983:
1931:
1898:
1862:
1800:
1763:
1725:
1618:
1549:
1500:
771:, and
700:was a
696:while
572:forma
566:hybrid
522:-type
385:spores
355:rachis
267:Ozarks
230:Shafer
197:Willd.
2474:ASMO2
2409:17351
2391:IRMNG
2302:APA:
2238:S2CID
2180:JSTOR
2143:JSTOR
2110:JSTOR
2060:JSTOR
1981:JSTOR
1949:(PDF)
1929:JSTOR
1896:JSTOR
1860:JSTOR
1798:JSTOR
1761:S2CID
1723:JSTOR
1684:(PDF)
1547:JSTOR
829:with
720:were
688:. As
643:(now
348:stipe
257:from
219:Farw.
92:Clade
2482:POWO
2430:NCBI
2404:ITIS
2378:IPNI
2352:GBIF
2318:HKXR
2230:PMID
2014:2012
1672:2016
1652:2012
1616:ISBN
1498:ISBN
930:and
849:and
837:and
825:can
716:and
676:and
373:sori
346:The
295:form
2508:WFO
2339:FNA
2326:EoL
2313:CoL
2220:doi
2172:doi
2135:doi
2102:doi
2052:doi
1971:hdl
1963:doi
1921:doi
1888:doi
1852:doi
1825:doi
1790:doi
1751:doi
1715:doi
1575:doi
1539:doi
903:by
841:is
649:).
627:'s
487:by
483:as
473:of
465:as
443:).
261:to
2532::
2510::
2497::
2484::
2471::
2458::
2445::
2432::
2419::
2406::
2393::
2380::
2367::
2354::
2341::
2328::
2315::
2305:61
2290::
2275::
2236:.
2228:.
2216:36
2214:.
2210:.
2178:.
2168:26
2166:.
2162:.
2160:s"
2141:.
2131:25
2129:.
2125:.
2108:.
2098:15
2096:.
2092:.
2090:s"
2075:.
2058:.
2048:10
2046:.
2042:.
2031:89
2029:.
1979:.
1969:.
1957:.
1951:.
1946:s"
1927:.
1917:43
1915:.
1911:.
1894:.
1884:41
1882:.
1878:.
1858:.
1848:50
1846:.
1821:10
1819:.
1796:.
1786:51
1784:.
1780:.
1759:.
1745:.
1741:.
1721:.
1711:64
1709:.
1703:.
1686:.
1594:.
1569:.
1545:.
1535:12
1533:.
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