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broadly grouped classed catalog. The cards were about 5 inches long by 3 inches (76 mm) high. For author entries reliance was made upon the interleaved copies of the
Cogswell printed catalog and upon a set of author cards – by no means a complete record – for public use. In 1880 when work began upon the new printed catalog this card catalog was closed; its author cards were destroyed when the new catalog was issued, but revision of the subject group continued as occasion offered until after the 1895 consolidation. After 1880, three card catalogs continued until the 1895 consolidation: (1) an official "Bulletin", on large cards, for works acquired after 1880, mainly an author arrangement; (2) the public "small card" catalog, a dictionary catalog of authors and subjects; (3) the official "small card" catalog, likewise a dictionary arrangement of authors and subjects, but written on thinner cards. The public catalog was severely criticized in the public press for various idiosyncrasies, example articles being "A Library's Buried Treasures" in
933:
876 volumes were bought, and their high level in 1894 when 6,886 volumes were bought, the sums spent for books and binding being $ 6,245.06 and $ 24,074 respectively. Appreciation of the library as shown by statistics of readers grew slowly but steadily, the average number for the decade 1880–1889 being 59,000 readers per year, and for the next six years rising to 70,000. About the same result is indicated by the figures of volumes consulted, the number rising from 146,136 in 1880 to 167,584 in 1890 and to 225,477 in 1895. Also during 1880, the hour for opening was moved at 9 am. Closing time stayed at 5 p.m. except during the short days of the winter months when it took place at 4 or 4:30 pm. Alexander
Hamilton, president of the board, died in 1889, and Hamilton Fish was chosen to succeed him as president. After two years, in 1891, Thomas M. Markoe was chosen to the office, which he held until the 1895 consolidation.
556:. The trustees appointed by the act were Washington Irving, William Backhouse Astor, Daniel Lord, Jr., James G. King, Joseph Green Cogswell, Fitz-Greene Halleck, Samuel B. Ruggles, Samuel Ward, Jr., Charles Astor Bristed, John Adams Dix, and the Mayor of New York City. In April 1849, the trustees hired a house at 32 Bond Street for temporary custody and exhibition of the books they had purchased. The trustees stated that "all persons desirous of resorting to the library and of examining books, may do so with all the convenience which it is in the power of the trustees to afford." At this time, the total number of books in the library was estimated at over 20,000 volumes, costing $ 27,009.33.
704:
The alphabetical index to these separate catalogs formed the basis of the printed catalog issued during 1857–1861 in 4 volumes. The timing and the format of the catalog went against
Cogswell's judgment, but accorded with the desire of the trustees to put before the public a tangible result of their work. In 1866, a supplement was issued. The first catalog recorded approximately 115,000 volumes. The supplement of 1866 recorded the accessions of five years, about 15,000 volumes, and carried with it an index to subjects. It was imperfect, but also the work of someone who knew books and knew how to guide others to them.
568:
necessary strength; these requirements were by no means easily secured for this sum. W. B. Astor, Cogswell, and
Saeltzer drew up specifications and called for bids for construction. All bids exceeded the $ 75,000 limit: the lowest, by contractors whose ability to finish the work was by no means satisfactorily established, amounted to $ 81,385.75; the highest, by thoroughly satisfactory contractors, amounted to $ 107,962. Saeltzer's plan was reworked, and for this plan the construction bid of $ 75,000, by Peter J. Bogert and James Harriot, was accepted on January 2, 1850.
925:
36:
735:, died November 28, 1859; he was succeeded as president by W. B. Astor. Cogswell resigned as superintendent in 1861, and Francis Schroeder, former pupil of his at Round Hill and American minister to Sweden in 1850, was appointed in his place. Cogswell still retained his place as a trustee. In 1862 W. B. Astor established an annuity fund of $ 5,000, yielding $ 300, payable to Cogswell in return for the bibliographical collection he had presented to the library. In 1864, Cogswell left New York to make his home in
609:, particularly oriental, the library was unsurpassed by any in the United States. The natural sciences were also fully represented, comprising about 7,000 volumes. Cogswell had made his first trip abroad for purchase of books in the winter of 1848–1849, spending something over $ 20,000. The distracted political state of Europe at the time seemed to offer peculiar advantages for purchases at low rates. Before he sailed, Cogswell reported that during Astor's lifetime he had paid $ 2,500 for books.
425:
461:
585:
104:
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century who had not at some time used its collections. It had been conceived in the mind of Joseph
Cogswell, a scholar and book lover, and its growth and development followed closely the policies he had planned and prepared. The popular library and the scholar's library seemed to belong to two irreconcilable categories, though a generation later it was found that the two could co-exist peacefully under the same roof.
433:
818:, having completed its task, donated its archives to the library for safe keeping. The archives consisted of all its correspondence, reports, account books, hospital directories, printed reports, histories, maps and charts, claims of some 51,000 soldiers and sailors investigated by it, miscellaneous papers, etc. The library promised that they would be preserved and accessible to the public.
531:. Astor then agreed that more formal work could begin on the library: as soon as the building was finished, Cogswell was to be librarian with a salary of $ 2,500 a year; meanwhile he was to receive $ 2,000 while working on the catalog. Thus matters stood until Astor's death in 1848: Cogswell lived with or near Astor, and worked on plans for the library as opportunity offered.
743:
which he paid $ 6,545.74. Of the $ 700,000 received from the Astors, father and son (increased about two per cent, by investments, etc.) $ 283,324.98 was expended for site, building, and equipment; $ 203,012.38 for books, binding, freight, etc., leaving an endowment fund of $ 229,000. The income in 1866 was $ 11,664.31, expenses $ 8,975.31.
932:
During the fifteen years following 1880, there was continuous but uneven growth of resources as signified by the number of volumes on the shelves, an increase from 193,308 in 1880 to 227,652 in 1885, to 248,856 in 1890, and to 294,325 at the end of 1895. Purchases reached their low level in 1888 when
881:
By 1882 nearly half the library was unrecorded in a catalog except in the shape of brief entries noted in manuscript in interleaved copies of the
Cogswell catalog, and cards begun by Brevoort in 1876. A new author catalog was decided on, to include titles of all works received since the first catalog
694:
For the first year the average daily use was about 100 volumes, with a total for the year of about 30,000. No one topic seemed to dominate the rest, though on the whole the fine arts collection was the most extensively used. The number of readers in the first year varied from 30 for the lowest day to
644:
In the beginning, there were no printed catalogs of the library to assist readers in choosing books and readers were not admitted within the railing to take down books for examination themselves. There was interest in evening hours, but the increased expense this would have entailed and the danger of
604:
The building was opened to the public on
January 9, 1854. Hours were fixed at 10 a.m. to 5 pm. For January no books were available, but visitors were welcome. On February 1, use of books began. The library was closed on Sundays and established holidays. It was a reference library: no books could
526:
By
November 1840, Samuel Ward had died, and Cogswell began residing with Astor and his son William B. Astor. Sometimes he had a downtown office at his disposal. Cogswell was concerned about the progress of the plans for the library, and in 1842, threatened to take an offer to be secretary of legation
961:
The 1895 consolidation marked the end of the Astor
Library. It had been an important factor in the intellectual life of New York, and its influence had not been confined to the political or physical boundaries of the city. There were few scholars or investigators in the latter half of the nineteenth
902:
The card catalogs presented a problem of greater complexity. The 1876 card catalog begun by
Brevoort recorded a part of the accessions received after 1866. There was one set of cards for the use of the public, and another duplicate set for official use. This was at first mainly a subject or rather a
898:
book trade. The new printed catalog covered up to 1880. It had a fuller quotation of titles than the first one, a more extensive analysis of the contents of collected or comprehensive works, and greater attention to securing full names of authors. It appeared in four volumes, 1886–1888. As a catalog
544:
The first meeting of the trustees came on May 20, 1848. Cogswell was appointed superintendent of the library, with authority to convene the trustees and to preside over their meetings. The name of "The Astor Library" was chosen for the institution at the second meeting on June 1. On September 28, a
456:
One immediate consequence of the announcement was that Astor was beset by innumerable requests for money, and Astor decided to change his planned gift from a donation during his lifetime to a bequest in his will. By March 1839, Cogswell was asking Astor for money to purchase books at an auction, and
742:
A gift of $ 50,000 from W. B. Astor came in 1866, of which $ 20,000 was used for purchase of books, the remainder was for the general funds of the library. This gift brought the sum total presented by him to $ 300,000, not to mention the installation of a new system of heating apparatus in 1867 for
703:
The question of a catalog was to Cogswell's mind a matter of prime importance. By the end of 1855, Cogswell was able to report that the catalog was finished, excepting only a small portion of history. The collection was grouped into 14 departments, for each of which a separate catalog was prepared.
612:
In 1851, Cogswell sailed abroad again. During that summer, he scoured France, Italy, the Netherlands, Denmark, Scandinavia and Germany. The result was an addition of 28,000 volumes secured for $ 30,000, bringing the total of the collection to about 55,000 or 60,000 volumes, and the total outlay to
452:
Early in January 1838, Astor consulted Cogswell about the use of some $ 300,000–$ 400,000, which he intended to leave for public purposes. Cogswell urged him to use it for a library, which Astor agreed to. A public announcement of Astor's plan for the establishment of a public library appeared in
826:
By 1879 the library had 189,114 volumes on its shelves. Space was lacking. Thus on December 5, 1879, John Jacob Astor III donated three lots of ground adjoining the northern side of the library's lot for an addition. The designer of this second addition was Thomas Stent. Both expansions followed
575:
to render the structure more secure from fire, and shelving and apparatus for heating and ventilating were paid for to the amount of $ 17,141.99 from surplus interest accruing from the funds while the building was in progress and from the premium realized by the advance in market value of United
472:
Cogswell emphasized the necessity for complete planning for the proposed library, not merely for the building and other accommodations, but for the character of the library to be formed, and for the particular topics which Astor wished to have represented most thoroughly. The necessary detail
567:
style, then the prevailing style for public building in Germany. The limitation of the cost of the building at $ 75,000 was stringent: the trustees wanted a building to hold 100,000 volumes at the outset, to afford convenient accommodation for annual additions, to be fireproof, and have the
448:
which Cogswell had administered. Ward introduced Cogswell to John Jacob Astor, who by then was in his 70s and had been retired for about 10 years. As the richest citizen of the United States, German-born Astor was considering what sort of testimonial he should leave to his adopted country.
624:
The Astor Library's policy of being universally free, to foreigners as well as to United States citizens, also allowed it to successfully apply for donations of important and costly scientific, statistical and historical works published by different governments of Europe. A very practical
457:
Astor inquired whether it might not be possible to put the planning for the library into the hands of others, thus freeing himself from all care and trouble about it. Cogswell developed such a strategy, and Astor assented to it on the condition that Cogswell be in charge of buying books.
605:
be taken from the building for any purpose. Admission was free for all persons over 14 years of age. On opening day, the building was stocked with between 80,000 and 90,000 volumes, purchased at a cost of about $ 100,000. The section on American history was as full as possible. In
827:
Saelzer's original design so seamlessly that an observer cannot detect that the edifice was built in three stages. On October 10, 1881, this second addition was open to the public, the library being closed the four months preceding to allow the necessary moving and readjustment.
751:
By 1868, those who had been most intimately connected with its founding had nearly all died. The character of the collection was fixed and was known throughout the United States. Schroeder served for 10 years, his resignation being accepted on June 7, 1871. His successor was
699:
lessons by the use of English translations." On Cogswell's recommendation, the trustees raised the age limit to 16. In Cogswell's judgment, by this act the library "assumed its proper character, and became a place of quiet study, where every one found ample accommodation."
965:
The Astor Library suffered from its name. There was actually no proprietorship, and no question of family fiefdom. It was a free public library. But the public, though free to criticize, was reluctant to contribute towards its support. That was left to the Astors.
660:"Everything goes on very smoothly among the habitués of the library, The readers average from one to two hundred dally, and they read excellent books, except the young fry, who employ all the hours they are out of school In reading the trashy, as
765:
complained, "Popular it certainly is not, and, so greatly is it lacking in the essentials of a public library, that its stores might almost as well be under lock and key, for any access the masses of the people can get thereto." An article in
785:. For books purchased since 1866, there was until this time no public index of subjects other than the knowledge possessed by the librarians as to the books on the shelves. At the end of 1877, the library had 177,387 volumes on its shelves.
473:
extended to a catalog that must necessarily belong to the collection. This was agreeable to Astor. By May 1839, Astor had set aside a sum of $ 400,000 for a free public library. For books, $ 120,000 was allocated, and trustees were to be
772:
of March 4, 1873, reported problems with the mutilation of some of the library's volumes. This was apparently done mostly for convenience: Instead of writing down extracts, readers cut out the sections with the information they needed.
899:
and as a printed book, it was a thoroughly satisfactory piece of work. The entire cost of printing was borne by John Jacob Astor III and amounted to nearly $ 40,000. With the publication complete, Nelson left the library in 1888.
613:
about $ 65,000. In November 1852, Cogswell was again authorized to travel to Europe, $ 25,000 being put at his disposal. He sailed early in December, and remained abroad until March, spending his time mainly in London, Paris,
776:
Volumes consulted had increased from 59,516 in 1860 to 135,065 in 1875. In 1875, W. B. Astor died and left $ 249,000 to the library. Besides this bequest, the library received $ 10,000 for the purchase of books from his son,
941:
John Jacob Astor III, son of William B. and grandson of John Jacob Astor, died in 1890, having served as trustee since 1858 and as treasurer since 1868. By his will, $ 400,000 was left to the library. As
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625:
appreciation of the library was shown by donations received from the federal government, from learned societies and from individuals in various parts of the United States. The state government at
814:. He retained the position as superintendent until 1896, after the 1895 consolidation. That the library was considered something more than a local institution was demonstrated in 1878 when the
571:
The cornerstone was laid on March 14, 1850, and the building completed in the summer of 1853. The limit of $ 75,000 proved an impossible one. William B. Astor bore the expense of $ 1,590 for
684:. Even this is better than spinning street yarns, and as long as they continue perfectly orderly and quiet, as they now are, I shall not object to their amusing themselves with poor books."
695:
150 for the highest. For some time, the library was beset by crowds of schoolboys who "come in at certain hours of the day to read, more for amusement than improvement, and shun their
1573:
1383:
Dewey, Melvil; Bowker, Richard Rogers; Pylodet, L.; Leypoldt, Frederick; Cutter, Charles Ammi; Weston, Bertine Emma; Brown, Karl; Wessells, Helen E. (September–October 1881).
1280:
519:. (The Chancellor later disappeared from the plan when the office was abolished.) In December 1842, $ 75,000 was fixed as the amount to be expended for the building, and
732:
2176:
1656:
1231:
1851:
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1620:
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549:. There it was judged to be tranquil enough to be suitable for study. The lot was valued at $ 25,000, which sum was deducted from the $ 400,000 of the endowment.
2151:
731:. The new building was opened to the public on September 1, 1859, the number of volumes in the library being estimated at about 110,000. Washington Irving,
1756:
2146:
2141:
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sent extensive selections of public documents of New York. In 1855, the British commissioners of patents presented a complete set of their publications,
2181:
1809:
1705:
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declined to fill the vacancy, the board ceased to have an Astor on it. At the time of consolidation the trustees, in order of seniority, were Markoe,
943:
1505:
727:
On October 31, 1855, W. B. Astor donated land for the expansion of the Library. Work on an extension began at once. The designer of the addition was
1960:
1696:
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404:. It was primarily meant as a research library, and its books did not circulate. It opened to the public in 1854, and in 1895 consolidated with the
1208:
245:
120:
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2037:
1740:
1731:
1519:
2060:
1980:
1424:
57:
1829:
1671:
1610:
1559:
1127:
1112:
980:
The NYPL abandoned the building in 1911, and the books were moved to the NYPL's newly constructed building by Bryant Park. In 1920, the
781:, in February 1876. Alexander Hamilton (1816–1889) became president of the board of trustees. In 1876, a beginning was made on a public
1935:
988:(then the New York Shakespeare Festival) persuaded the city to purchase it for use as a theater. It was converted for theater use by
1290:
815:
528:
79:
1950:
1839:
2171:
2156:
1940:
1779:
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1846:
1784:
993:
830:
During 1879 the Japanese government presented a representation of their national literature, embracing the standard works of
1196:
2104:
1824:
1804:
1799:
405:
1317:
1232:"Streetscapes/The Old Astor Library, Now the Joseph Papp Public Theater; Once It Held Many Pages; Now It Has Many Stages"
2032:
1985:
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859:
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were moved also to make valuable contributions of documents and statistical material. The Hepworth Dixon collection of
2000:
1990:
1889:
1774:
679:
50:
44:
2122:
1914:
1859:
1491:
1181:
1970:
1894:
1871:
1142:
958:, Stephen Van Rensselaer Cruger, Little, Stephen Henry Olin, King, Charles Howland Russell and Philip Schuyler.
61:
2005:
1907:
1902:
1661:
883:
736:
924:
552:
On January 18, 1849, the library was incorporated, and received a paragraph in the annual message of Governor
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July 1838. At that point, the sum named was $ 350,000, and included a lot of land for the necessary building.
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1588:
951:
546:
413:
381:
1485:
2065:
1995:
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cabinet, the library received a large collection of official publications relating to India; New Zealand,
650:
560:
510:
336:
1339:
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440:
In 1836, ill health had obligated Joseph Cogswell to abandon his teaching career and enter the family of
2161:
1945:
1725:
1268:
955:
665:
520:
424:
1471:
460:
2186:
2055:
1965:
1646:
1641:
1204:
806:, a trustee, was chosen to be superintendent. In February 1878, Brevoort resigned. His successor was
778:
753:
441:
759:
The library was a major reference and research resource, but there were detractors. An editorial in
1834:
1789:
1636:
1534:
1449:
494:
1975:
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1445:
1344:
1276:
1272:
989:
985:
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490:
401:
304:
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911:
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103:
1197:"WHEN DICKENS WAS "TRASH": What the Youngsters of New York City Had to Read in the Year 1854"
1097:
673:
626:
506:
482:
389:
159:
1389:
917:
867:
811:
788:
728:
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669:
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397:
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pamphlets, about five hundred in number, was presented in 1880 by John Jacob Astor III.
1819:
1412:
807:
687:
599:
377:
432:
2135:
1919:
1814:
1715:
947:
634:
564:
553:
486:
385:
324:
314:
233:
17:
1955:
782:
767:
661:
646:
638:
409:
1484:
1533:
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572:
563:, – was selected as the architect for the building. He designed the building in
393:
1313:
515:
416:(NYPL). During this time, its building was expanded twice, in 1859, and 1881.
1551:
260:
247:
135:
122:
851:
839:
155:
1520:"About a Literary Centre: Folks One Sees in the Astor Library Neighborhood"
428:
John Jacob Astor, an engraving based on an 1864 portrait by Alonzo Chappell
909:
of June 8, 1881, and in September 1881 a critical letter submitted to the
847:
696:
614:
915:
over the signature of "Delta." The second article was reprinted in the
871:
843:
835:
618:
1174:
1060:
1099:
The Lower East Side: A Guide to Its Jewish Past in 99 New Photographs
895:
831:
656:
which Cogswell thought the most complete and most generally known.
621:, and Berlin. The result was the addition of about 25,000 volumes.
923:
787:
711:
630:
459:
431:
423:
1096:
Sanders, Ronald (text) and Gillon, Edmund V., Jr. (photographs).
1555:
559:
A German-born architect, Alexander Saeltzer – who had designed
1539:
29:
984:
purchased it. By 1965 it was in disuse and faced demolition.
854:, together with an assortment of ornamental designs; through
690:, 24 February 1854, after his library had been open six weeks
588:
Cartoon by Chip from the January 7, 1892, issue of the first
444:, a New York banker. Three of Ward's sons had been pupils at
649:
prevented it. The books were classified using the system in
545:
location was finalized for the building, in what is now the
1114:
Synagogues of New York City: History of a Jewish Community
27:
Historic building that used to be part of the NYPL system
1372:. New York: The New York Public Library. pp. 57–58.
1282:
Life of Joseph Green Cogswell as Sketched in His Letters
594:
magazine satirizing the opening day of the Astor Library
1415:; Postal, Matthew A. (2009). Postal, Matthew A. (ed.).
1285:. Cambridge: Privately printed at the Riverside Press.
1497:
This source calls the style of the library building "
1847:
Fordham University (William D. Walsh Family Library)
890:
graduate fitted for this new task by service in the
2092:
2074:
2046:
2025:
2018:
1928:
1880:
1765:
1749:
1724:
1689:
1629:
1603:
1587:
756:, who had been employed in the library since 1859.
384:, developed primarily through the collaboration of
351:
343:
334:
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310:
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195:
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182:
174:
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151:
96:
1419:(4th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
1141:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission.
1129:Oscar Israelowitz's Guide to Jewish New York City
436:John Jacob Astor, a marble bust owned by the NYPL
1657:Andrew Heiskell Braille and Talking Book Library
976:The Public Theater § Astor Library Building
633:forwarded complete sets of state documents, and
2038:(NYPL:) Science, Industry, and Business Library
1409:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission
1173:Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879).
1621:Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture
2061:The New School: Adam and Sophie Gimbel Design
1567:
1155:
1153:
1151:
8:
1143:"Anshe Chesed Synagogue Designation Report"
2022:
1762:
1600:
1574:
1560:
1552:
1450:"A History of the New York Public Library"
93:
1810:Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library
1475:Gleason's Pictorial Drawing Room Companon
1255:
1084:
1044:
1032:
1020:
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
1961:Huntington Free Library and Reading Room
1314:"History of the New York Public Library"
583:
43:This article includes a list of general
2177:1854 establishments in New York (state)
1454:Bulletin of the New York Public Library
1230:Gray, Christopher (February 10, 2002).
1209:California Digital Newspaper Collection
1010:
527:under Washington Irving, now appointed
2084:Kurdish Heritage Foundation of America
1790:John Jay College (Lloyd Sealy Library)
1370:History of the New York Public Library
792:South Hall of the Astor Library, from
513:and the Chancellor of New York State,
1981:Metropolitan New York Library Council
928:The Astor Library with both additions
350:
342:
333:
7:
2033:(BPL:) Business & Career Library
1055:
1053:
1016:
1014:
2152:Library buildings completed in 1854
1830:Jewish Theological Seminary Library
1741:Children's Library Discovery Center
1495:. Vol. 2 (9th ed.). 1878.
1102:New York: Dover Publications (1979)
523:was added to the list of trustees.
1840:Rare Book & Manuscript Library
1672:Stavros Niarchos Foundation Branch
1340:"Editorial: Free Public Libraries"
733:president of the board of trustees
108:The Astor Library building in 1854
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
2147:Organizations established in 1848
2142:Public libraries in New York City
1852:The New School (Fogelman Library)
1480::200. Boston, September 25, 1852.
1320:from the original on June 5, 2011
882:was published, and for this work
816:United States Sanitary Commission
464:Joseph Cogswell, an 1853 bust by
2182:Renaissance Revival architecture
1941:Austrian Cultural Forum New York
1542:The New Student's Reference Work
1417:Guide to New York City Landmarks
1132:New York: Israelowitz Pub., 2004
1117:New York: Israelowitz Pub., 2000
1065:New York Public Library Archives
894:and by a wide experience in the
886:was hired in 1881. Nelson was a
212:225,477 volumes consulted (1895)
102:
34:
2066:NYU/BCC: Gould Memorial Library
1785:Bronx Community College Library
1780:Baruch College (Newman Library)
1616:Library for the Performing Arts
1368:Harry Miller Lydenberg (1923).
1203:. Vol. LXII, no. 23.
2056:Columbia: Low Memorial Library
1951:The Free Black Women's Library
1506:"A Library's Buried Treasures"
1:
1825:C.V. Starr East Asian Library
1805:Arthur W. Diamond Law Library
1800:Columbia University Libraries
1163:, Harry Abrams, 1998, p. 107.
802:Straznicky died in 1876, and
798:, Supplement, October 2, 1875
739:, and resigned as a trustee.
717:
641:took a similar step in 1856.
1986:New York Academy of Medicine
982:Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society
2001:New York Mercantile Library
1991:New-York Historical Society
1915:Morgan Library & Museum
1899:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1890:Frick Art Reference Library
921:of September–October 1881.
716:The Astor Library building
396:educator and bibliographer
2203:
2123:Education in New York City
1860:Elmer Holmes Bobst Library
1582:Libraries in New York City
1535:"Astor Library, The"
973:
597:
529:American minister to Spain
2117:
1895:LuEsther T. Mertz Library
1872:Pratt Institute Libraries
1486:"Astor, John Jacob"
1472:"Astor Library, N. York."
1161:The Landmarks of New York
870:, Canada, Italy, France,
367:
363:
359:
330:
117:
113:
101:
2006:New York Society Library
1908:Thomas J. Watson Library
1903:Robert Goldwater Library
884:Charles Alexander Nelson
737:Cambridge, Massachusetts
2172:East Village, Manhattan
2157:New York Public Library
1936:Agudas Chassidei Chabad
1920:Stephen B. Luce Library
1662:Jefferson Market Branch
1492:Encyclopædia Britannica
1446:Lydenberg, Harry Miller
1182:The American Cyclopædia
1159:Barbaralee Dimonstein,
1061:"Astor Library records"
952:John Lambert Cadwalader
547:East Village, Manhattan
414:New York Public Library
382:East Village, Manhattan
261:40.729167°N 73.991667°W
170:Public Research Library
64:more precise citations.
2167:Libraries in Manhattan
1996:New York Law Institute
1652:Hamilton Grange Branch
1269:Cogswell, Joseph Green
996:, designated in 1965.
994:New York City Landmark
929:
799:
724:
723:with the 1859 addition
692:
600:Astor Library Building
595:
561:Anshe Chesed Synagogue
511:Mayor of New York City
469:
437:
429:
337:New York City Landmark
311:Architectural style(s)
1946:Dance Notation Bureau
1176:"Astor Library"
944:William Waldorf Astor
927:
791:
715:
658:
587:
521:Charles Astor Bristed
463:
435:
427:
266:40.729167; -73.991667
136:40.72917°N 73.99167°W
1966:Interference Archive
1856:New York University
1796:Columbia University
1647:Bronx Library Center
1528:. December 11, 1892.
1205:Mariposa, California
1126:Israelowitz, Oscar.
1111:Israelowitz, Oscar.
992:. The building is a
779:John Jacob Astor III
754:Edward R. Straznicky
18:Astor Public Library
1835:Gottesman Libraries
1642:115th Street Branch
1385:"The Astor Library"
1277:Ticknor, Anna Eliot
1273:Ticknor, Anna Eliot
1211:. November 11, 1916
1145:(February 10, 1987)
860:secretary for India
499:Henry Brevoort, Jr.
495:Fitz-Greene Halleck
257: /
141:40.72917; -73.99167
132: /
2077:other institutions
1976:Livingston Library
1883:other institutions
1757:Carnegie libraries
1667:Ottendorfer Branch
1637:53rd Street Branch
1525:The New York Times
1511:The New York Times
1413:Dolkart, Andrew S.
1348:. January 14, 1872
1345:The New York Times
1236:The New York Times
990:Giorgio Cavaglieri
986:The Public Theater
970:Later building use
930:
906:The New York Times
856:Viscount Cranbrook
822:Resource expansion
804:J. Carson Brevoort
800:
762:The New York Times
725:
654:Manuel du Libraire
596:
491:Joseph G. Cogswell
470:
438:
430:
402:Alexander Saeltzer
352:Reference no.
305:Alexander Saeltzer
232:425 Lafayette St,
2129:
2128:
2113:
2112:
2014:
2013:
1685:
1684:
1426:978-0-470-28963-1
912:Boston Transcript
876:English Civil War
503:Samuel B. Ruggles
475:Washington Irving
468:owned by the NYPL
446:Round Hill School
410:Tilden Foundation
374:The Astor Library
371:
370:
97:The Astor Library
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
2194:
2026:Public libraries
2023:
1865:Tamiment Library
1763:
1711:Cortelyou Branch
1677:Yorkville Branch
1630:Branch libraries
1601:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1553:
1548:
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1515:
1496:
1488:
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1201:Mariposa Gazette
1193:
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1124:
1118:
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1082:
1076:
1075:
1073:
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1057:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1018:
810:, a graduate of
722:
719:
681:Illustrated News
507:Samuel Ward, Jr.
483:Daniel Lord, Jr.
479:William B. Astor
400:and designed by
390:John Jacob Astor
347:October 26, 1965
272:
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269:
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178:January 18, 1849
147:
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78:
74:
71:
65:
60:this article by
51:inline citations
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1706:Central Library
1692:
1691:Brooklyn Public
1681:
1625:
1590:
1589:New York Public
1583:
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1532:
1518:
1514:. June 8, 1881.
1504:
1483:
1468:
1466:Further reading
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956:Henry C. Potter
939:
918:Library Journal
892:Harvard library
868:New South Wales
824:
795:Harper's Weekly
749:
729:Griffith Thomas
720:
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686:— Cogswell, to
685:
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582:
542:
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466:Eugène Lequesne
422:
398:Joseph Cogswell
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296:January 7, 1987
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56:Please help to
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1256:Lydenberg 1916
1248:
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1085:Lydenberg 1916
1077:
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1021:Lydenberg 1916
1009:
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864:Beaconsfield's
823:
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808:Robbins Little
748:
745:
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688:George Ticknor
581:
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576:States bonds.
573:groined arches
541:
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421:
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412:to become the
378:public library
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70:September 2014
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2105:Lenox Library
2103:
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2100:Astor Library
2098:
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2093:Organizations
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1448:(July 1916).
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948:Henry Drisler
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487:James G. King
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41:
32:
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19:
2162:Astor family
2119:
2099:
2049:universities
2047:Colleges and
1956:Grolier Club
1768:universities
1766:Colleges and
1716:Macon Branch
1541:
1523:
1509:
1490:
1477:
1474:
1457:
1453:
1439:Bibliography
1416:
1403:
1394:
1388:
1378:
1369:
1362:
1350:. Retrieved
1343:
1334:
1322:. Retrieved
1316:. nypl.org.
1308:
1296:. Retrieved
1281:
1263:
1251:
1239:. Retrieved
1235:
1225:
1213:. Retrieved
1200:
1191:
1180:
1168:
1160:
1137:
1128:
1122:
1113:
1107:
1098:
1092:
1080:
1068:. Retrieved
1064:
1040:
1028:
979:
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783:card catalog
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643:
639:Rhode Island
623:
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558:
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543:
525:
514:
471:
455:
451:
439:
373:
372:
186:May 23, 1895
91:
76:
67:
48:
2187:Astor Place
2075:Museums and
1881:Museums and
1611:Main Branch
1298:October 25,
1241:October 25,
1215:October 25,
937:Later years
721: 1870
607:linguistics
442:Samuel Ward
394:New England
376:was a free
264: /
240:Coordinates
209:Circulation
175:Established
139: /
62:introducing
2136:Categories
1397:: 259–261.
1023:pp.556–557
1000:References
974:See also:
678:, and the
645:fire from
598:See also:
516:ex officio
509:, and the
344:Designated
252:73°59′30″W
249:40°43′45″N
191:Collection
127:73°59′30″W
124:40°43′45″N
45:references
2120:See also:
1499:Byzantine
1070:March 31,
852:philology
840:geography
708:Expansion
697:classical
535:Operation
388:merchant
301:Architect
288:1850–1853
280:Manhattan
183:Dissolved
156:Manhattan
1324:June 12,
1318:Archived
1275:(1874).
1087:, p. 565
848:religion
747:Maturity
651:Brunet's
615:Brussels
540:Founding
408:and the
293:Restored
229:Location
160:New York
152:Location
1728:Library
1693:Library
1591:Library
1547:. 1914.
1352:May 19,
1279:(ed.).
888:Harvard
872:Prussia
844:history
836:fiction
769:The Sun
670:Dickens
619:Hamburg
580:Opening
420:Origins
380:in the
355:LP-0016
224:Library
58:improve
2019:Former
1544:
1431:, p.64
1423:
1289:
1047:p. 560
1035:p. 558
896:Boston
832:poetry
666:Cooper
627:Albany
47:, but
1750:Other
1005:Notes
675:Punch
662:Scott
631:Maine
321:Owner
285:Built
1732:list
1697:list
1595:list
1460:(6).
1421:ISBN
1354:2011
1326:2011
1300:2020
1287:ISBN
1243:2020
1217:2020
1072:2018
812:Yale
637:and
591:Life
392:and
277:Area
221:Type
196:Size
167:Type
862:in
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