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stepping off again immediately, as required by the rule. Had Faehn stepped off the podium, the US team would have won the bronze medal. Because of this small points deduction, the East German team overtook the
American team and won the bronze medal. An incensed Karolyi said the rule was invoked in order to "keep the scores down" because the East German team was "fighting desperately to keep their place". The obscure rule goes on to say that no assistance can be given during a performance. It did not specifically mention athletes on the podium. A jury dominated by
698:. He said that if a gymnast was good enough to earn a spot at the Olympics or World Championships, he or she deserves to go. He praised the Chinese for their competitiveness and skills during the competitions, and said that he objected to the possibility that they were being used by their government. "They do good gymnastics and are a good service for the sport," he said. "They have the ultimate effective training program. That’s why I am more upset that they are cheating. They don’t need cheating. They would be just as good with a lineup of eligible athletes."
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394:, he was the head coach of the Romanian squad and most of the members of the team were Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej athletes. The team took the silver medal and Comăneci was one of the outstanding performers of the Games, scoring the first-ever perfect 10 in Olympic competition. Altogether, they won seven medals in Montreal: three gold, two silver, and two bronze.
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812:. Nassar reportedly groomed athletes for abuse and gained their trust in part by covertly providing them with food in defiance of Károlyi's strict dietary guidelines. Some gymnasts also said that the strict discipline and conditions at the ranch made them feel inhibited from reporting Nassar's abuses. As a result of the scandal, in July 2017
658:. Some observers believed that selection procedures for international meets became more arbitrary. Coaches resented what they felt was Károlyi's intrusion onto their domain, and athletes were under a considerable amount of stress. The tension escalated to the point where gymnasts were openly speaking out against Károlyi. At the
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2001 and 2007, American women won a combined total of 34 medals in World
Championship and Olympic competition. Between 2001 and 2016, they won five World Championships team titles (2003, 2007, 2011, 2014, and 2015) and two Olympic team titles (2012, 2016). Additionally, the team won four consecutive Olympic all-arounds (
734:, remarked that she literally trusted Károlyi with her life. She also stated that in Romania, the gymnasts at Károlyi's school consumed well-balanced diets and, in fact, ate better than most other civilians in the country at the time. Olympic medalists and Károlyi gymnasts Mary Lou Retton, Phoebe Mills and
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officials voted to maintain the deduction. Despite the fact that the U.S. team had indeed committed an infraction, he said that application of the scoring penalty was "dirty cheating". A photograph of
Karolyi embracing and consoling the disappointed American girls appeared in most U.S. newspapers the
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television network commented on this controversy during its broadcasts and often showed Retton and McNamara running over to the stands to speak to Károlyi. During the 1984 Olympics, Károlyi did not have an official position with the delegation. He slept in his car, and ignored Peters' instructions by
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also said that they were compelled to continue training and competing even when coping with serious injuries such as broken bones. In one interview, Moceanu, who was one of Károlyi's final protégés said, "I'm sure Béla saw injuries, but if you were injured, Béla didn't want to see it.... You had to
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After the 1988 Olympics, Károlyi's sphere of influence continued to grow as did the number of elite gymnasts training in his gym. At one meet in 1990, a journalist dubbed six top Károlyi gymnasts the "Karolyi six-pack." Although the members of the six-pack would change, the name stuck and increased
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Károlyi also was said to strictly monitor his gymnasts' food intake: Moceanu, for instance, stated that at meets away from home, gymnasts were limited to consuming as few as 900 calories a day. Even Károlyi's supporters have admitted that at certain competitions, his gymnasts ate so sparingly that
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In 2001, Marta Károlyi was selected for the national team coordinator position. While she retained some aspects of her husband's program, such as the training camp system, she reduced the frequency of the camps. Her different approach met with more acceptance by both coaches and gymnasts. Between
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as
Olympic coach. Marsden was a college coach with no private students and no financial interest in promoting one gymnast at the expense of another. Marsden said that he "thought some of the concerns the other coaches had about Károlyi were legitimate;" Marsden picked Donna Cozzo as his assistant
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After the
Olympics, Károlyi clashed again with Romanian Federation officials, and tension escalated. During a 1981 gymnastics tour, Romanian team choreographer Géza Pozsár and the Károlyis defected and sought political asylum in the United States, temporarily leaving their seven-year-old daughter
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workouts were "not half as intense (as Károlyi's)". Phillips told reporters it would hurt the national team if they had to leave Károlyi's gym and train with Peters at SCATS. USGF executive director Mike Jacki said, "The women's coaches are all private businessmen... The more kids you put on the
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raised a valid objection, since a U.S. team member had violated one of the obscure competition rules. After the springboard had been used at the start of another gymnast's uneven bars routine, the U.S. alternate, Rhonda Faehn, had pulled it away but had stayed on the podium to watch, instead of
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In his senior year at the college, Károlyi coached the women's gymnastics team, whose star was Márta Erőss. They later started a relationship and married in 1963. They moved to a small town in the coal-mining region where Béla had grown up, where they started a gymnastics class at the town's
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Márta Károlyi remained the national team coordinator for USA Gymnastics until 2016. During the 2008 Summer
Olympics, Béla Károlyi appeared as a guest commentator for NBC News. He claimed that the Chinese women's gymnastics team was cheating by using athletes who did not meet the minimum age
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Károlyi debuted as an international coach in 1974. He had to persuade the
Romanian gymnastics federation to have Comăneci and his other athletes named to the 1975 European Championships and the 1976 Olympic team, because the federation favored athletes from the competing Dinamo club in
757:, Okino wrote: "Károlyi structured his training in a way that built your physical and mental strength to such a remarkable level that even he couldn't tear you down. Béla wanted to know that when push came to shove, his athletes could handle any situation thrown at them."
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claiming that while she was on the national team, both Béla and Márta Károlyi regularly beat her and her teammates for mistakes they made in practice or competition. "In one word, I can say it was brutal", she told KCRA. Other
Romanian team members including
788:, as well as Géza Pozsár, the team choreographer who defected with the Károlyis, have made similar charges of physical abuse. When asked in 2008 to comment on the allegations, Béla said, "I ignore it. I'm not even commenting. These people are really trash."
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Peters resigned as national coach after the trials. After Peters' resignation, the USGF decided against having a national team coach and allowed personal coaches to accompany the gymnasts to competitions. The U.S. Olympic team finished fourth in Seoul.
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that competitors be at least 16 years old in the calendar year of the competition (up from the previous 15) kept some top gymnasts out of the World
Championships in 1997. While American gymnasts did win medals in international competitions such as the
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said: "What Béla did worked. He motivated me by getting me mad." Some have claimed that Károlyi stopped treating gymnasts harshly when parents directly requested that he do so. In a column she wrote rebutting many of the claims of
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Károlyi encouraged her, "Shake it off! You can do it!". After Strug's successful final vault, Károlyi carried her to the podium to accept her gold medal. The moment was photographed and one of the most memorable from the
Olympics.
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holding supplementary workouts for his gymnasts. Károlyi's clout in the United States increased after the victories of his students in 1984, but so did resentment against him. After Retton's success in 1984, Károlyi purchased the
241:, as well as national team coordinators for United States gymnastics at the Olympic Games. They have been severely criticized for their coaching style, which many gymnasts have called abusive. They claim to have been unaware that
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After the 1999 World Championships, USA Gymnastics tried to revamp its program by hiring Károlyi as national team coordinator. Károlyi required that all national team members attend frequent, grueling camps at his ranch north of
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A number of former Károlyi gymnasts, both supporters and detractors, have acknowledged that some of the allegations about Károlyi were true, but have also claimed that the ends—medals—justified the means. In Joan Ryan's 1995
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714:, and Erica Stokes have publicly said that Károlyi was verbally and psychologically abusive during workouts. Károlyi's constant critical remarks about weight and body type were said to drive some gymnasts to develop
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764:, Adrian Goreac, the coach of the Romanian national gymnastics team from 1981 to 1990, after Károlyi left, spoke of Károlyi's "dictatorial regime" during his time coaching the Romanian gymnastics team.
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Romania's famed centralized training program has its roots in the 1950s; Bela Károlyi helped develop the program further in the late 1960s and early 1970s. He worked as a coach at the boarding school in
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After Marsden resigned, Károlyi lobbied to be appointed as national coach but he was opposed by the other coaches. Don Peters was restored to the position in January 1988. Peters chose Béla's wife
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Petracovschi, Simona (2022). "A Foucauldian Analysis of the Romanian School of Gymnastics as a Superpower Between 1976-1981: What Securitatea Knew About Bela Karolyi's Method".
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to have their golden arch logo as part of his sleeve design on his outfit. His new gym, run from the ranch, attracted many of the country's top gymnasts.
682:), Eight World Championships all-arounds (2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2017), and eighteen individual event World Championships titles.
474:. He did not attend the meet, complaining that he was not allowed to coach although he was "providing fifty percent of the team". Károlyi's star gymnast
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318:. He has coached nine Olympic champions, fifteen world champions, sixteen European medalists, and six U.S. national champions. He was inducted into the
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requirement. He and his wife said, "They are using half-people. One of the biggest frustrations is, what arrogance. These people think we are stupid."
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and his assistant were allowed on the floor. Károlyi obtained a maintenance man's pass so he could be near Retton and McNamara during the competition.
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In 1981, a group of businessmen invited Károlyi to join a gymnastics business venture. He decided to invest in the business, and the Károlyis moved to
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After Comăneci's astounding success in Montreal, Károlyi's importance as a coach was recognized. He was named head coach of the Romanian team at the
650:, they were largely unsuccessful in most major meets. In both 1997 and 1999, the American team left the World Championships without a single medal.
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401:. However, he came under fire from Romanian officials because of his score protests at several international meets, including the 1980 Olympics.
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662:, the U.S. originally placed fourth, but the Chinese team had an underage athlete, so the U.S. team was ultimately awarded the bronze in 2010.
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However, many of Károlyi's most prominent gymnasts have vehemently defended him against these allegations. Nadia Comăneci, in her 2004 memoir
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were credited with transforming the coaching of gymnastics in the US and bringing major international success. They were each a coach for the
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canceled its plans to buy Karolyi Ranch. In January 2018 USA Gymnastics announced they were cutting ties with Karolyi Ranch altogether.
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441:. Olympic rules at the time did not permit a gymnast's personal coach to be present on the competition floor. Only the national coach
214:. Early in his coaching career he developed the Romanian centralized training system for gymnastics. One of his earliest protégés was
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Several of Károlyi's athletes from the "six-pack" era have criticized his training methods. Some of his former athletes including
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374:), training young girls specially chosen for their athletic potential. One of the first students at the school was six-year-old
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After the success of the U.S. team, dubbed the "Magnificent Seven," at the 1996 Olympics, USA Gymnastics experienced a lull. A
531:. Phillips, who had left Károlyi's gym and trained with Peters for a short time following her disappointing performance at the
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Károlyi's status as "Nadia's coach" quickly attracted gymnasts to his club. Three years after his defection, he attended the
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deal with it. I was intimidated. He looked down on me. He was six-feet something, and I was four-foot nothing."
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Károlyi retired from coaching after the 1996 Olympics. He and Márta went to their ranch and gymnastics camp in
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in 1997. Béla and Márta Károlyi as a coaching team were inducted into the US Gymnastics Hall of Fame in 2000.
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At the 1988 Olympic Trials in August, Károlyi's gymnasts earned 5 of the top 8 spots. The five gymnasts were
230:, Károlyi frequently clashed with Romanian officials. He and his wife defected to the United States in 1981.
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350:). Skilled as an athlete, he became a national junior boxing champion and a member of the Romanian
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elementary school. Later the government invited them to create a national school for gymnastics.
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Romanian centralized gymnastics training system and coach to European, World and Olympic gymnasts
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Károlyi has coached many notable national, European, Olympic gymnasts as well as those from the
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493:, finishing 6th. Marsden resigned from his position as national team coach in November 1987.
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1048:"Karolyis' Olympics rise is gym dandy: Husband-and-wife team have shaped gymnastics in U.S."
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Károlyi said that he disagreed with the age limit, and called for it to be abolished by the
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245:, the national gymnastics team doctor who was convicted of sexual assault of minors, was
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team. He enrolled at the Romania College of Physical Education, studying and practicing
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Béla Károlyi was in the episode "At the Edge of the Worlds", in the ABC Family series
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At the 1991 World Championships, four of the six athletes on the U.S. women's team—
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1357:"THE SEOUL OLYMPICS; Americans Angered at 4th-Place Finish in Women's Gymnastics"
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members of the men's gymnastics team smuggled food to them in their hotel rooms.
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and low self-esteem. Some gymnasts, such as Phillips, Moceanu, and 1988 Olympian
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962:"The Karolyi Ranch, where U.S. women's gymnastics gold was forged -- at a price"
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national coach. Károlyi was furious and had to be dissuaded from boycotting the
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1259:"U.S. Olympic Gymnastics Trials : 5 of Top 8 Are Károlyi's Kids; No SCATS"
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In an interview in the edition of December 8, 2007 of the Romanian newspaper
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1324:"THE SEOUL OLYMPICS: Gymnastics; Karolyi Cries Foul as U.S. Slips Into 4th"
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which was reported beginning in 2016, gymnasts said that many instances of
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Feel No Fear: The Power, Passion, and Politics of a Life in Gymnastics
422:. The gym ran into financial problems and Károlyi ended up buying it.
1714:"50 stunning Olympic moments No5: Nadia Comaneci scores a perfect 10"
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after having had trouble with a mandatory skills test in the sport.
482:, who trained with former Olympic coach Don Peters at SCATS gym in
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among others, have also praised Károlyi and his training regimen.
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207:; born September 13, 1942) is a former gymnastics coach; he is an
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1752:"USA Gymnastics cuts ties with Karolyi Ranch training facility"
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Since their arrival in the United States, Béla and his wife
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1293:"Us Trials Are Karolyi Show Coach the Center of Attention"
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Romanian Gymnastics Federation, U.S. Gymnastics Federation
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Andrea with relatives in Romania. They settled in Texas.
1732:"USA Gymnastics won't buy famed Karolyi ranch after all"
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While Károlyi has not been personally implicated in the
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to serve as assistant national coach. Károlyi told the
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United Press International Athlete of the Year Award
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1191:"U.S. Gymnasts Sweep All-Around, Mar Tops Phillips"
1165:"The U.S. Women's Gymnastics Team Falls From Grace"
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1409:"Kerri Strug fights off pain, helps U.S. win gold"
1015:articles for precise history and further citations
378:, who lived near the town and commuted from home.
1509:. Sports.yahoo.com. Retrieved on October 3, 2016.
1225:"Olympic Gymnastics; Peters Explains Why He Quit"
1835:"Bela Karolyi: World Renowned Gymnastics Coach"
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1097:"Another Karolyi leads charge for Olympic gold"
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239:United States women's national gymnastics team
4509:American people of Hungarian-Romanian descent
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1291:Powers, John; Staff, Globe (August 5, 1988).
826:Károlyi, Béla; Richardson, Nancy Ann (1994).
478:competed in the meet finishing second behind
8:
1646:"Betty Okino's Olympic Report: Bela Karolyi"
1520:"Karolyi Puts the Color in Color Commentary"
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1953:BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year
987:"Restoration – Northern Transylvania: 1940"
943:. He portrayed Coach Sasha Belov's father.
601:Károlyi primarily was a personal coach for
540:team, the better it is for your business."
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1817:
1691:"Gymnast Says trainer Karolyi beat her up"
1507:Bela Karolyi incensed about underage rules
1489:"U.S. Gymnasts Try to Catch Karolyi's Eye"
1218:
1216:
923:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
890:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
46:
35:
4524:Naturalized citizens of the United States
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
489:The United States did not do well in the
1322:Janofsky, Michael (September 20, 1988).
334:Left–right: Ungureanu, Károlyi, Comăneci
329:
4539:Romanian emigrants to the United States
1142:and Michael Janofsky (March 10, 1987).
952:
1914:Gymnastics at the 1980 Summer Olympics
1909:Gymnastics at the 1976 Summer Olympics
916:
883:
625:. In 1997, Bela was inducted into the
4529:Olympic coaches for the United States
3611:International Gymnastics Hall of Fame
1959:International Gymnastics Hall of Fame
1830:Image of Karolyi carrying Kerri Strug
1815:International Gymnastics Hall of Fame
1426:International Gymnastics Hall of Fame
1223:Janofsky, Michael (August 10, 1988).
627:International Gymnastics Hall of Fame
320:International Gymnastics Hall of Fame
202:
104:Romania College of Physical Education
7:
3368:Women's artistic gymnastics athletes
3024:Women's artistic gymnastics athletes
2764:Women's artistic gymnastics athletes
2467:Women's artistic gymnastics athletes
2143:Women's artistic gymnastics athletes
1941:Associated Press Athlete of the Year
1825:Béla Karolyi's bio at USA Gymnastics
1595:"Emphasis on thin is a heavy burden"
1518:Sandomir, Richard (August 20, 2008)
1712:Simon Burnton (December 14, 2011).
562:Károlyi's prominence in the sport.
502:United States Gymnastics Federation
226:. Living under the dictatorship of
3287:Men's artistic gymnastics athletes
2956:Men's artistic gymnastics athletes
2683:Men's artistic gymnastics athletes
2386:Men's artistic gymnastics athletes
2057:Men's artistic gymnastics athletes
1777:Journal of Sport and Social Issues
1572:"Gymnasts in pain: Out of balance"
1389:"Whatever happened to Amy Scherr?"
1257:Hoffer, Richard (August 7, 1988).
960:Ford, Bonnie D.; Roenigk, Alyssa.
804:perpetrated by former team doctor
433:, who won all-around champion and
16:Romanian-American gymnastics coach
14:
1197:. August 23, 1987. Archived from
1095:Barron, David (August 11, 2004).
3376:
3280:2000 USA Olympic Gymnastics Team
3274:
3032:
2949:1996 USA Olympic Gymnastics Team
2943:
2772:
2676:1992 USA Olympic Gymnastics Team
2670:
2379:1988 USA Olympic Gymnastics Team
2373:
2151:
2065:
2050:1984 USA Olympic Gymnastics Team
2044:
1678:"Bela Karoly a fost un dictator"
1662:"The Balanced View: Betty Okino"
1398:Gymnastics Greats, July 11, 2000
798:USA Gymnastics sex abuse scandal
508:, unless he was the team coach.
247:assaulting young female gymnasts
696:International Olympic Committee
465:decided to replace Peters with
338:Károlyi was born in Kolozsvár,
161:
96:Hungary, Romania, United States
4514:Defectors to the United States
1446:"Bela-aching tough to stomach"
648:Pacific Alliance Championships
523:, and the two team alternates
405:Defecting to the United States
272:World Gymnastics Championships
1:
4554:Sportspeople from Cluj-Napoca
504:that he would not attend the
437:, who won the gold medal for
120:
3443:Rhythmic gymnastics athletes
3094:Rhythmic gymnastics athletes
2839:Rhythmic gymnastics athletes
2544:Rhythmic gymnastics athletes
2218:Rhythmic gymnastics athletes
1547:Little Girls in Pretty Boxes
1299:. Boston, MA. Archived from
851:. Grand Central Publishing.
849:Little Girls in Pretty Boxes
792:Role in sexual abuse scandal
755:Little Girls in Pretty Boxes
745:Little Girls in Pretty Boxes
484:Huntington Beach, California
33:when mentioning individuals.
4544:Romanian gymnastics coaches
4504:American gymnastics coaches
1680:. evz.ro (December 8, 2007)
1617:Béla Karolyi 2007 Interview
1600:September 12, 2007, at the
1469:September 28, 2007, at the
1034:(UK), Saturday July 3, 2004
991:Central European University
429:as the individual coach of
255:Sam Houston National Forest
4570:
1550:. Garden City: Doubleday.
1464:"Time to bid Bela goodbye"
1076:Letters to a Young Gymnast
868:Károlyi Béla – Dikta-torna
732:Letters to a Young Gymnast
20:
3354:
3010:
2750:
2453:
2129:
1920:
1789:10.1177/01937235221094034
1577:October 27, 2007, at the
1394:January 19, 2010, at the
461:After the 1984 Olympics,
253:training facility in the
45:
899:Olaru, Stejărel (2021).
533:1987 World Championships
506:1988 Seoul Olympic Games
491:1987 World Championships
222:gymnast to be awarded a
204:[ˈbeːlɒˈkaːroji]
29:. This article uses
21:The native form of this
1904:Perfect 10 (gymnastics)
1633:Sidewalks Entertainment
472:1987 Pan American Games
249:in their care at their
3361:
3017:
2757:
2712:Dominick Minicucci Jr.
2460:
2415:Dominick Minicucci Jr.
2136:
1927:
1622:July 23, 2008, at the
1363:. September 22, 1988.
1140:Thomas, Robert McG. Jr
777:Sacramento, California
368:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
335:
4393:Natalia Shaposhnikova
3360:
3016:
2756:
2459:
2135:
1926:
1693:. . November 19, 2008
1478:, September 20, 2000.
1311:– via HighBeam.
1209:– via HighBeam.
1078:. 2004, Basic Books.
1009:Northern Transylvania
866:Móra, László (2016).
333:
326:Early coaching career
4463:Elena Zamolodchikova
4435:Ludmilla Tourischeva
2204:Marie Roethlisberger
1475:St. Petersburg Times
1453:, September 20, 2000
1171:. September 22, 1988
901:Nadia și Securitatea
388:1976 Summer Olympics
4232:Natalia Kuchinskaya
4176:Maria Gorokhovskaya
4078:Svetlana Boginskaya
3766:Savino Guglielmetti
3457:Trampoline athletes
3316:John Roethlisberger
2985:John Roethlisberger
2880:Fred Roethlisberger
2717:John Roethlisberger
2556:Diane Simpson-Bundy
1760:. January 18, 2018.
1666:SportsHollywood.com
1544:Ryan, Joan (1995).
1492:The New York Times,
1303:on February 5, 2018
1201:on February 3, 2018
1195:The Washington Post
1053:Rocky Mountain News
940:Make It or Break It
847:Ryan, Joan (2000).
548:gymnastic official
4534:Romanian defectors
4421:Keiko Tanaka-Ikeda
4316:Oksana Omelianchik
4295:Lavinia Miloșovici
4148:Shawn Johnson East
4113:Oksana Chusovitina
4092:Karin Büttner-Janz
4039:Haruhiro Yamashita
4004:Aleksandr Tkachyov
3843:Ihor Korobchynskyi
3717:Alexander Dityatin
3682:Dmitry Bilozerchev
3362:
3018:
2758:
2461:
2137:
1928:
1361:The New York Times
1328:The New York Times
1229:The New York Times
1147:The New York Times
767:In November 2008,
623:New Waverly, Texas
535:, said that Peters
384:Bucharest, Romania
336:
68:September 13, 1942
31:Western name order
4486:
4485:
4456:Natalia Yurchenko
4449:Berthe Villancher
4442:Teodora Ungureanu
4400:Yelena Shushunova
4337:Lilia Podkopayeva
4274:Julianne McNamara
3990:William Thoresson
3934:Heikki Savolainen
3906:Franco Menichelli
3822:Shigeru Kasamatsu
3626:Nikolai Andrianov
3576:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3493:
3492:
3438:
3437:
3352:
3351:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3228:Rossitza Todorova
3157:
3156:
3089:
3088:
3071:Dominique Moceanu
3041:Magnificent Seven
3008:
3007:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2834:
2833:
2748:
2747:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2539:
2538:
2451:
2450:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2263:
2262:
2213:
2212:
2177:Julianne McNamara
2167:Michelle Dusserre
2127:
2126:
2011:
2010:
1934:Honors and awards
1607:December 20, 2004
1584:December 19, 2004
1557:978-0-385-47790-1
1450:Chicago Sun-Times
1263:Los Angeles Times
1144:"Citizen Karolyi"
1074:Comaneci, Nadia.
1026:"The Perfect Ten"
997:on July 21, 2012.
910:978-606-95197-0-7
877:978-615-80135-9-8
762:Evenimentul Zilei
712:Dominique Moceanu
603:Dominique Moceanu
454:. He was paid by
435:Julianne McNamara
308:Dominique Moceanu
296:Teodora Ungureanu
288:Julianne McNamara
228:Nicolae Ceaușescu
212:Romanian-American
193:
192:
117:Years active
87:
4561:
4479:
4472:
4465:
4458:
4451:
4444:
4437:
4430:
4423:
4416:
4409:
4402:
4395:
4388:
4386:Alicia Sacramone
4381:
4374:
4367:
4360:
4353:
4346:
4339:
4332:
4325:
4318:
4311:
4304:
4297:
4290:
4283:
4276:
4269:
4262:
4255:
4248:
4241:
4234:
4227:
4220:
4213:
4206:
4199:
4192:
4185:
4178:
4171:
4164:
4157:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4129:
4122:
4115:
4108:
4101:
4094:
4087:
4080:
4073:
4071:Polina Astakhova
4066:
4048:
4041:
4034:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3985:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3922:
3915:
3913:Akinori Nakayama
3908:
3901:
3894:
3887:
3880:
3873:
3866:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3810:
3803:
3796:
3789:
3787:Fabian Hambüchen
3782:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3752:Eberhard Gienger
3747:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3640:Vladimir Artemov
3635:
3628:
3603:
3596:
3589:
3580:
3502:
3471:Jennifer Parilla
3461:
3429:Alyssa Beckerman
3392:Jamie Dantzscher
3380:
3372:
3291:
3278:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3245:
3166:
3098:
3036:
3028:
2960:
2947:
2937:
2930:
2923:
2914:
2864:
2776:
2768:
2687:
2674:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2641:
2569:
2530:Kristie Phillips
2471:
2390:
2377:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2344:
2272:
2222:
2155:
2147:
2069:
2061:
2048:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2015:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1850:
1841:, New York, NY (
1821:
1800:
1762:
1761:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1658:
1652:
1649:Sports Hollywood
1642:
1636:
1614:
1608:
1591:
1585:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1541:
1526:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1495:
1494:August 19, 2000.
1487:Roberts, Selena.
1485:
1479:
1460:
1454:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1418:
1412:
1407:Weinberg, Rick.
1405:
1399:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1297:The Boston Globe
1288:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1220:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1161:
1150:
1137:
1131:
1130:. USA Gymnastics
1125:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1092:
1086:
1072:
1057:
1056:, August 3, 2008
1044:
1035:
1022:
1016:
1005:
999:
998:
993:. Archived from
983:
977:
976:
974:
972:
957:
928:
922:
914:
895:
889:
881:
862:
843:
808:occurred at the
748:, 1992 Olympian
716:eating disorders
708:Kristie Phillips
538:
529:Kristie Phillips
476:Kristie Phillips
304:Kristie Phillips
209:ethnic Hungarian
206:
201:
189:
186:
165:
163:
125:
122:
112:Gymnastics coach
81:
71:
67:
65:
50:
36:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4475:
4468:
4461:
4454:
4447:
4440:
4433:
4426:
4419:
4414:Ecaterina Szabo
4412:
4407:Daniela Silivaș
4405:
4398:
4391:
4384:
4377:
4370:
4365:Mary Lou Retton
4363:
4356:
4351:Andreea Răducan
4349:
4342:
4335:
4330:Carly Patterson
4328:
4323:Henrietta Ónodi
4321:
4314:
4307:
4300:
4293:
4286:
4281:Chellsie Memmel
4279:
4272:
4265:
4258:
4253:Tatiana Lysenko
4251:
4244:
4239:Larisa Latynina
4237:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4195:
4188:
4181:
4174:
4167:
4160:
4153:
4146:
4139:
4134:Dominique Dawes
4132:
4127:Yelena Davydova
4125:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4076:
4069:
4062:
4051:
4044:
4037:
4032:Mikhail Voronin
4030:
4023:
4016:
4009:
4002:
3995:
3988:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3955:Rustam Sharipov
3953:
3946:
3939:
3932:
3925:
3918:
3911:
3904:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3710:Stoyan Deltchev
3708:
3701:
3696:Viktor Chukarin
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3613:
3609:Members of the
3607:
3577:
3568:
3552:
3529:
3489:
3475:
3452:
3434:
3416:
3412:Tasha Schwikert
3402:Kristen Maloney
3397:Dominique Dawes
3363:
3348:
3330:
3282:
3272:
3242:
3233:
3210:
3187:
3153:
3144:Challen Sievers
3124:Aliane Baquerot
3112:
3085:
3061:Dominique Dawes
3037:
3019:
3004:
2995:Chainey Umphrey
2951:
2941:
2911:
2902:
2885:
2855:
2851:Jennifer Lovell
2846:Tamara Levinson
2830:
2812:
2788:Dominique Dawes
2759:
2744:
2726:
2678:
2668:
2638:
2629:
2613:
2590:
2560:
2551:Michelle Berube
2535:
2510:
2462:
2447:
2442:Tom Schlesinger
2429:
2381:
2371:
2341:
2332:
2316:
2293:
2288:Makoto Sakamoto
2259:
2241:
2237:Valerie Zimring
2232:Michelle Berube
2209:
2191:
2187:Tracee Talavera
2182:Mary Lou Retton
2138:
2123:
2105:
2052:
2042:
2012:
2007:
1976:
1965:Flo Hyman Award
1949:(1975 and 1976)
1929:
1918:
1882:
1877:
1807:
1774:
1771:
1769:Further reading
1766:
1765:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1696:
1694:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1676:
1672:
1659:
1655:
1643:
1639:
1628:Mary Lou Retton
1624:Wayback Machine
1615:
1611:
1602:Wayback Machine
1593:Reid, Scott M.
1592:
1588:
1579:Wayback Machine
1570:Reid, Scott M.
1569:
1565:
1558:
1543:
1542:
1529:
1517:
1513:
1505:
1498:
1486:
1482:
1471:Wayback Machine
1462:Shelton, Gary.
1461:
1457:
1444:
1440:
1430:
1428:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1406:
1402:
1396:Wayback Machine
1387:
1383:
1373:
1371:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1306:
1304:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1275:
1273:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1241:
1239:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1204:
1202:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1174:
1172:
1163:
1162:
1153:
1138:
1134:
1126:
1115:
1105:
1103:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1073:
1060:
1046:Latimer, Clay,
1045:
1038:
1024:Rendell, Matt,
1023:
1019:
1006:
1002:
985:
984:
980:
970:
968:
959:
958:
954:
949:
935:
915:
911:
898:
882:
878:
865:
859:
846:
840:
825:
822:
794:
782:Ecaterina Szabo
704:
688:
639:new requirement
635:
568:
558:following day.
536:
431:Mary Lou Retton
416:
407:
352:hammer throwing
328:
284:Mary Lou Retton
280:Ecaterina Szabo
199:
183:
167:
164: 1963)
159:
155:
123:
101:Alma mater
88:
72:
69:
63:
61:
53:
52:Károlyi in 2009
41:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4567:
4565:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4491:
4490:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4473:
4466:
4459:
4452:
4445:
4438:
4431:
4424:
4417:
4410:
4403:
4396:
4389:
4382:
4375:
4368:
4361:
4358:Helena Rakoczy
4354:
4347:
4344:Cătălina Ponor
4340:
4333:
4326:
4319:
4312:
4309:Sofia Muratova
4305:
4298:
4291:
4288:Shannon Miller
4284:
4277:
4270:
4263:
4256:
4249:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4221:
4218:Margit Korondi
4214:
4207:
4200:
4193:
4186:
4179:
4172:
4165:
4158:
4155:Maria Filatova
4151:
4144:
4137:
4130:
4123:
4120:Nadia Comăneci
4116:
4109:
4102:
4099:Věra Čáslavská
4095:
4088:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4046:Yordan Yovchev
4042:
4035:
4028:
4021:
4018:Kōhei Uchimura
4014:
4007:
4000:
3993:
3986:
3979:
3976:Masao Takemoto
3972:
3965:
3958:
3951:
3948:Boris Shakhlin
3944:
3941:Vitaly Scherbo
3937:
3930:
3923:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3881:
3874:
3867:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3689:Miroslav Cerar
3685:
3678:
3675:Octavian Bellu
3671:
3668:Valery Belenky
3664:
3661:Frank Bare Sr.
3657:
3650:
3647:Albert Azaryan
3643:
3636:
3633:Leonid Arkayev
3629:
3621:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3598:
3591:
3583:
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1805:External links
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1783:(5): 477–494.
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4379:Elvira Saadi
4204:Jackie Klein
4190:Ágnes Keleti
4085:Lyubov Burda
4025:Peter Vidmar
3969:Leon Štukelj
3920:Alexei Nemov
3815:Béla Károlyi
3814:
3808:Ivan Ivankov
3759:Bruno Grandi
3543:(Head coach)
3524:Barry Weiner
3514:(Head coach)
3484:
3427:
3341:
3224:(Individual)
3201:(Head coach)
3178:(Head coach)
3149:Becky Turner
3039:
2899:(Head coach)
2897:Béla Károlyi
2896:
2876:(Head coach)
2823:
2737:
2722:Chris Waller
2604:(Head coach)
2602:Béla Károlyi
2601:
2581:(Head coach)
2528:
2523:Rhonda Faehn
2521:
2506:Chelle Stack
2496:Phoebe Mills
2440:
2328:Alla Svirsky
2311:Roe Kreutzer
2307:(Head coach)
2284:(Head coach)
2252:
2202:
2116:
2101:Peter Vidmar
1998:Béla Károlyi
1997:
1839:Shade Global
1838:
1811:Béla Károlyi
1780:
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1718:The Guardian
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1695:. Retrieved
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1372:. Retrieved
1360:
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1327:
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1305:. Retrieved
1301:the original
1296:
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1274:. Retrieved
1262:
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1228:
1203:. Retrieved
1199:the original
1194:
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1173:. Retrieved
1168:
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1128:Béla Karolyi
1104:. Retrieved
1100:
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1031:The Observer
1029:
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969:. Retrieved
965:
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938:
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903:. Bucarest.
900:
870:. Budapest.
867:
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832:. Hyperion.
828:
806:Larry Nassar
802:sexual abuse
795:
786:Rodica Dunca
766:
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725:
720:Chelle Stack
705:
693:
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686:Later career
664:
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569:
560:
550:Ellen Berger
542:
525:Rhonda Faehn
521:Chelle Stack
513:Phoebe Mills
510:
495:
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467:Greg Marsden
460:
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417:
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312:Phoebe Mills
269:
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243:Larry Nassar
232:
218:, the first
196:Béla Károlyi
195:
194:
40:Béla Károlyi
27:Károlyi Béla
26:
18:
4499:1942 births
4470:Kim Zmeskal
4372:Cathy Rigby
4211:Olga Korbut
4169:Gina Gogean
4162:Maxi Gnauck
3983:Kurt Thomas
3927:Takashi Ono
3871:Li Xiaopeng
3857:Klaus Köste
3703:Bart Conner
3564:Robert Noll
3486:Ryan Weston
3301:Morgan Hamm
3134:Kate Nelson
3129:Mandy James
3081:Kerri Strug
2970:Mihai Bagiu
2808:Kim Zmeskal
2803:Kerri Strug
2798:Betty Okino
2783:Wendy Bruce
2697:Trent Dimas
2501:Hope Spivey
2400:Kevin Davis
2225:Individuals
2118:James Mikus
2091:Jim Hartung
2081:Tim Daggett
2076:Bart Conner
1988:Bart Conner
1843:PDF version
1374:February 4,
1341:February 4,
1307:February 4,
1276:February 4,
1242:February 4,
1205:February 3,
1175:February 4,
1013:Cluj-Napoca
750:Betty Okino
736:Kim Zmeskal
702:Controversy
607:Kerri Strug
584:Kerri Strug
576:Betty Okino
572:Kim Zmeskal
555:Soviet Bloc
546:East German
480:Sabrina Mar
439:uneven bars
370:(now named
344:Cluj-Napoca
316:Kerri Strug
300:Kim Zmeskal
292:Betty Okino
175:Andrea Wise
153:Márta Erőss
131:Employer(s)
124: 1956
93:Citizenship
84:Cluj-Napoca
4493:Categories
4260:Ma Yanhong
4197:Nellie Kim
3997:Yuri Titov
3892:Eugen Mack
3829:Sawao Katō
3724:Yukio Endō
3557:Trampoline
3541:Kelli Hill
3464:Individual
3101:Individual
2990:Kip Simons
2975:Jair Lynch
2707:Jair Lynch
2515:Alternates
2434:Alternates
2305:Don Peters
2254:Lydia Bree
2162:Pam Bileck
1993:Paul Ziert
1887:Gymnastics
1106:August 16,
947:References
933:Television
858:0446676829
456:McDonald's
443:Don Peters
356:gymnastics
274:including
200:Hungarian:
109:Occupation
86:, Romania)
64:1942-09-13
4428:Olga Tass
4106:Cheng Fei
3878:Li Yuejiu
3794:Paul Hamm
3480:Alternate
3421:Alternate
3407:Elise Ray
3335:Alternate
3306:Paul Hamm
3222:Jan Exner
2817:Alternate
2731:Alternate
2425:Wes Suter
2246:Alternate
2196:Alternate
2110:Alternate
1797:248168742
1737:USA Today
1369:0362-4331
1336:0362-4331
1271:0458-3035
1237:0362-4331
1101:Chron.com
971:August 6,
919:cite book
886:cite book
633:1999–2000
386:. At the
264:Athlete A
75:Kolozsvár
3387:Amy Chow
3215:Rhythmic
3056:Amy Chow
2618:Rhythmic
2321:Rhythmic
1620:Archived
1598:Archived
1575:Archived
1467:Archived
1392:Archived
966:ESPN.com
646:and the
392:Montreal
172:Children
3864:Li Ning
3534:Women's
3498:Coaches
3230:(Group)
3192:Women's
3162:Coaches
2890:Women's
2860:Coaches
2595:Women's
2565:Coaches
2298:Women's
2268:Coaches
1813:at the
1668:, 2000.
1431:May 12,
773:KCRA-TV
656:Houston
609:at the
420:Houston
348:Romania
340:Hungary
180:Website
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1973:(2004)
1967:(1998)
1961:(1993)
1955:(1976)
1943:(1976)
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2867:Men's
2771:Team
2572:Men's
2275:Men's
2150:Team
2064:Team
1793:S2CID
1626:with
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820:Books
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