935:
210:
946:
112:
39:
339:; soprano written as the C two ledger lines above the treble clef, with the tenor voice the space above concert A, sung an octave lower. Sometimes written with “8v” below the treble, to represent the octave (8 tones in a major scale).
1514:
735:
179:
published new frequency tables for scientific use. A movement to restore the older A435 standard has used the banners "Verdi tuning", "philosophical pitch" or the easily confused
688:
830:
251:
is generally clear across instruments and clefs, some musicians naturally use the term to refer to the C note in the middle of their specific instrument's range. C
736:
781:
644:
604:
689:
562:
478:
831:
512:
440:
1550:
1606:
782:
645:
605:
563:
479:
1473:
513:
441:
176:
734:
687:
376:
319:
229:
829:
382:
237:
1456:
1599:
1527:
505:
Double Low C (16 ft. organ pipes), Double Bass w/ either Low C Extension, 5 Strings, or in 5ths Tuning
1795:
1290:
1252:
91:
1759:
1750:
1735:
1726:
1711:
1702:
1671:
1662:
1647:
1638:
1394:
1389:
1309:
1271:
392:
260:
160:
156:
780:
643:
603:
1227:
561:
477:
271:(523.251 Hz) would be middle C. This practice has led some to encourage standardizing on C
1546:
511:
439:
1592:
1574:
1555:
1569:
395:
298:, or on the fourth line from the bottom, or the second line from the top, of staves using the
152:
171:
and based on the numerically convenient frequency of 256 Hz for middle C, all C's being
1769:
1745:
1721:
1691:
1681:
1657:
1214:
950:
544:
365:
was not yet full compass, omitting the bottom octave, until that octave was added later on.
197:
180:
164:
159:
widely adopted in 1939, middle C has a frequency around 261.63 Hz (for other notes see
111:
1616:
1130:
1052:
934:
168:
71:
1789:
1340:
1086:
346:
279:
264:
148:
132:
95:
87:
75:
59:
1409:
1168:
1143:
275:
as the definitive middle C in instructional materials across all instruments.
172:
67:
52:
828:
779:
733:
686:
642:
602:
560:
510:
476:
438:
17:
1117:
1067:
1060:
1017:
998:
291:
283:
136:
1584:
1525:
Large, John (February 1981). "Theory in
Practice: Building a Firm Foundation".
945:
1206:
552:
362:
299:
128:
124:
99:
295:
287:
83:
1430:
468:
1404:
1399:
973:
967:
725:
294:. Alternatively, it is written on the centre line of a staff using the
63:
56:
358:
944:
933:
678:
594:
540:
221:
79:
939:
401:
241:
31:
1588:
220:
Middle C (the fourth C key from left on a standard 88-key
175:. After the A440 pitch standard was adopted by musicians, the
1431:"Physics of Music Notes - Scales: Just vs Equal Temperament"
361:
below middle C. In older stoplists it usually means that a
30:"High C" redirects here. For the fruit-flavored drink, see
1509:{\displaystyle {\frac {440}{2^{\!^{\tfrac {9}{12}}}}}}
1490:
123:
is used interchangeably with C only in the context of
94:
a distinction is made between written and sounding or
1476:
677:
Treble C, Tenor High C (written an octave higher for
70:
of C major), and the fourth note (G, A, B, C) of the
167:
was originally proposed in 1713 by French physicist
1508:
1488:
1551:"Birgit Nilsson – The Return of a Super-Soprano"
255:(approximately 261.626 Hz) may be called
196:"Middle C" redirects here. For the novel, see
1600:
8:
1607:
1593:
1585:
949:Position of middle C on a standard 88-key
1489:
1486:
1477:
1475:
433:Quadruple Low C (64 ft. organ pipes)
1458:Complete MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification
467:Triple Low C (32 ft. organ pipes),
372:
1421:
335:in Helmholtz notation) or the tenor's C
215:Middle C centrally set on a grand staff
7:
637:for Sopranos, 2 ft. organ pipes
318:) can refer to either the soprano's
1437:. Michigan Technological University
282:, middle C is notated with a
263:, which has a higher and narrower
25:
151:has varied. For an instrument in
1029:C melodic minor descending: C′ B
826:
777:
731:
684:
640:
600:
558:
508:
474:
436:
357:(130.813 Hz), the note one
290:or below the bottom line of the
110:
597:C, Tenor Middle C (Tenor Voice)
823:Eighth octave C, triple high C
1:
1570:"The Note That Makes Us Weep"
177:Acoustical Society of America
962:Common scales beginning on C
240:, and note number 60 in the
914:
868:
816:
767:
717:
670:
627:
582:
532:
498:
460:
426:
86:has depended on historical
1812:
286:above the top line of the
195:
29:
1623:
681:), 1 ft. organ pipes
310:In vocal music, the term
230:scientific pitch notation
224:keyboard) is designated C
238:Helmholtz pitch notation
131:system Do refers to the
62:, the third note of the
1528:Music Educators Journal
1215:ascending melodic minor
267:than the piano, while C
92:transposing instruments
1510:
953:
942:
593:C or Tenor C (organ),
1511:
1429:Suits, B. H. (1998).
1395:A440 (pitch standard)
1390:Piano key frequencies
948:
937:
369:Designation by octave
261:Western concert flute
259:by someone playing a
247:While the expression
161:piano key frequencies
27:Note in western music
1572:by Daniel J. Wakin,
1549:(November 4, 1979).
1474:
930:Graphic presentation
421:C͵͵͵ or ͵͵͵C or CCCC
325:(1046.502 Hz; c
119:In English the term
1578:, September 9, 2007
1547:Harold C. Schonberg
1461:. 1996. p. 10.
187:Octave nomenclature
157:A440 pitch standard
78:around 261.63
1575:The New York Times
1556:The New York Times
1506:
1499:
1207:Jazz melodic minor
1063:: C D E F G A B C′
970:: C D E F G A B C′
954:
943:
915:16744.036 Hz
314:(sometimes called
135:of the prevailing
1783:
1782:
1504:
1498:
938:Middle C in four
927:
926:
869:8372.018 Hz
832:
817:4186.009 Hz
783:
768:2093.005 Hz
737:
718:1046.502 Hz
690:
646:
606:
564:
553:organ pipe length
514:
480:
455:C͵͵ or ͵͵C or CCC
442:
396:equal temperament
391:Frequency (using
153:equal temperament
18:B♯ (musical note)
16:(Redirected from
1803:
1775:
1774:
1765:
1764:
1756:
1755:
1741:
1740:
1732:
1731:
1717:
1716:
1708:
1707:
1697:
1696:
1687:
1686:
1677:
1676:
1668:
1667:
1653:
1652:
1644:
1643:
1633:
1632:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1586:
1579:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1491:
1478:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1426:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1297:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1278:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1253:Lydian augmented
1247:
1246:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1222:
1221:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1175:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1150:
1138:
1137:
1125:
1124:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1093:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1033:
1025:
1024:
1020:ascending: C D E
1012:
1011:
1006:
1005:
993:
992:
987:
986:
981:
980:
921:Quintuple high C
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
875:Quadruple high C
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
834:
833:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
785:
784:
762:
759:
756:
753:
739:
738:
712:
709:
706:
692:
691:
671:523.251 Hz
665:
662:
648:
647:
628:261.626 Hz
622:
608:
607:
592:
583:130.813 Hz
566:
565:
548:
516:
515:
482:
481:
444:
443:
373:
334:
331:
328:
235:
181:scientific pitch
165:Scientific pitch
125:fixed Do solfège
115:
114:
107:
106:
102:equivalents of B
21:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1772:
1771:
1762:
1761:
1753:
1752:
1738:
1737:
1729:
1728:
1714:
1713:
1705:
1704:
1694:
1693:
1684:
1683:
1674:
1673:
1665:
1664:
1650:
1649:
1641:
1640:
1630:
1629:
1619:
1617:chromatic scale
1613:
1583:
1582:
1568:
1564:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1487:
1482:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1440:
1438:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1386:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1344:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1294:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1272:Lydian dominant
1263:
1262:
1257:
1256:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1219:
1218:
1210:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1172:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1135:
1134:
1133:: C D E F G A B
1122:
1121:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1090:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1056:
1053:Diatonic scales
1043:
1042:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1022:
1021:
1009:
1008:
1003:
1002:
990:
989:
984:
983:
978:
977:
974:C natural minor
964:
959:
932:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
885:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
842:
827:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
793:
778:
760:
757:
754:
751:
747:
732:
710:
707:
704:
700:
685:
663:
660:
656:
641:
620:
616:
601:
590:
574:
559:
546:
533:65.406 Hz
524:
509:
499:32.703 Hz
490:
475:
461:16.352 Hz
452:
437:
418:
371:
356:
338:
332:
329:
326:
323:
308:
274:
270:
254:
233:
227:
218:
217:
216:
213:
212:
211:
204:
194:
189:
145:
109:
104:
103:
88:pitch standards
42:
41:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1809:
1807:
1799:
1798:
1788:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1767:
1748:
1743:
1724:
1719:
1700:
1689:
1679:
1660:
1655:
1636:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1589:
1581:
1580:
1562:
1538:
1517:
1497:
1494:
1485:
1481:
1464:
1448:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1337:
1306:
1287:
1268:
1249:
1224:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1165:
1140:
1127:
1114:
1083:
1064:
1055:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1027:
1014:
999:harmonic minor
995:
971:
963:
960:
958:
955:
931:
928:
925:
924:
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
886:
883:
879:
878:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
843:
840:
836:
835:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
794:
791:
787:
786:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
748:
745:
741:
740:
729:
722:
719:
716:
713:
701:
698:
694:
693:
682:
675:
672:
669:
666:
657:
654:
650:
649:
638:
632:
629:
626:
623:
617:
614:
610:
609:
598:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
568:
567:
556:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
518:
517:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
493:C͵ or ͵C or CC
491:
488:
484:
483:
472:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
446:
445:
434:
431:
428:
427:8.176 Hz
425:
422:
419:
416:
412:
411:
408:
405:
399:
389:
386:
380:
370:
367:
354:
336:
321:
307:
304:
272:
268:
252:
225:
214:
209:
208:
207:
206:
205:
193:
190:
188:
185:
169:Joseph Sauveur
147:Historically,
144:
141:
72:Guidonian hand
68:relative minor
38:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1808:
1797:
1796:Musical notes
1794:
1793:
1791:
1776:
1768:
1766:
1757:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1733:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1709:
1701:
1699:
1690:
1688:
1680:
1678:
1669:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1645:
1637:
1635:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1615:Notes of the
1610:
1605:
1603:
1598:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1521:
1518:
1495:
1492:
1483:
1479:
1468:
1465:
1460:
1459:
1452:
1449:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1422:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1342:
1338:
1311:
1307:
1293:: C D E F G A
1292:
1291:Mixolydian ♭6
1288:
1273:
1269:
1254:
1250:
1229:
1225:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1170:
1166:
1145:
1141:
1132:
1128:
1119:
1115:
1088:
1084:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1028:
1019:
1018:melodic minor
1015:
1000:
996:
975:
972:
969:
966:
965:
961:
956:
952:
947:
941:
936:
929:
923:
920:
917:
911:
887:
881:
880:
877:
874:
871:
865:
844:
838:
837:
825:
822:
819:
813:
795:
789:
788:
776:
774:Double high C
773:
770:
764:
749:
743:
742:
730:
727:
723:
720:
714:
702:
696:
695:
683:
680:
676:
673:
667:
658:
652:
651:
639:
636:
633:
630:
624:
618:
612:
611:
599:
596:
588:
585:
579:
576:
570:
569:
557:
554:
550:
542:
538:
535:
529:
526:
520:
519:
507:
504:
501:
495:
492:
486:
485:
473:
470:
466:
463:
457:
454:
448:
447:
435:
432:
429:
423:
420:
414:
413:
409:
406:
404:note number
403:
400:
397:
394:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
374:
368:
366:
364:
360:
352:
348:
347:organ builder
344:
340:
324:
317:
313:
306:Other octaves
305:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
276:
266:
265:playing range
262:
258:
250:
249:middle C
245:
243:
239:
231:
223:
202:
200:
191:
186:
184:
182:
178:
174:
173:powers of two
170:
166:
162:
158:
155:tuned to the
154:
150:
149:concert pitch
142:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
117:
113:
101:
97:
96:concert pitch
93:
89:
85:
82:. The actual
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
58:
54:
51:is the first
50:
46:
33:
19:
1627:
1573:
1565:
1554:
1541:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1467:
1457:
1451:
1439:. Retrieved
1434:
1424:
1410:Root (chord)
679:tenor voices
634:
407:Other names
388:Octave name
385:designation
379:designation
350:
349:'s term for
342:
341:
315:
311:
309:
292:treble staff
277:
256:
248:
246:
219:
198:
146:
120:
118:
48:
44:
43:
912:Seven-lined
715:Three-lined
284:ledger line
280:grand staff
74:, commonly
66:scale (the
1441:5 February
1416:References
1310:Locrian ♮2
1223:F G A B C′
1131:Mixolydian
1026:F G A B C′
814:Five-lined
765:Four-lined
424:Octocontra
393:A 440
377:Scientific
300:tenor clef
288:bass staff
257:Low C
244:standard.
129:movable Do
100:enharmonic
90:, and for
1274:: C D E F
1255:: C D E F
1228:Dorian ♭2
1120:: C D E F
866:Six-lined
668:Two-lined
625:One-lined
458:Subcontra
383:Helmholtz
296:alto clef
143:Frequency
127:; in the
98:. It has
84:frequency
1790:Category
1773:♭
1763:♭
1754:♯
1739:♭
1730:♯
1715:♭
1706:♯
1695:♯
1685:♭
1675:♭
1666:♯
1651:♭
1642:♯
1631:♯
1535:: 30–35.
1384:See also
1376:♭
1370:♭
1364:♭
1358:♭
1352:♭
1346:♭
1333:♭
1327:♭
1321:♭
1315:♭
1302:♭
1296:♭
1283:♭
1277:♯
1264:♯
1258:♯
1245:♭
1239:♭
1233:♭
1220:♭
1198:♭
1192:♭
1186:♭
1180:♭
1174:♭
1161:♭
1155:♭
1149:♭
1136:♭
1126:G A B C′
1123:♯
1110:♭
1104:♭
1098:♭
1092:♭
1087:Phrygian
1079:♭
1073:♭
1044:♭
1038:♭
1032:♭
1023:♭
1010:♭
1004:♭
991:♭
985:♭
979:♭
951:keyboard
724:High C (
635:Middle C
469:Octobass
199:Middle C
192:Middle C
105:♯
1435:MTU.edu
1405:C minor
1400:C major
1341:altered
1312:: C D E
1242:F G A B
1217:: C D E
1169:Locrian
1146:: C D E
1144:Aeolian
1076:F G A B
1070:: C D E
1001:: C D E
976:: C D E
968:C major
726:soprano
539:Low C,
351:small C
343:Tenor C
278:On the
201:(novel)
76:pitched
64:A minor
57:C major
55:of the
1267:A B C′
1118:Lydian
1068:Dorian
1061:Ionian
957:Scales
496:Contra
410:Audio
359:octave
345:is an
312:High C
1770:B / C
1682:E / F
1343:: C D
1280:G A B
1230:: C D
1171:: C D
1152:F G A
1101:F G A
1089:: C D
1041:G F E
1007:F G A
982:F G A
940:clefs
595:viola
580:Small
551:(see
541:cello
530:Great
316:Top C
222:piano
133:tonic
108:and D
60:scale
1443:2024
1013:B C′
402:MIDI
363:rank
353:or C
242:MIDI
53:note
32:Hi-C
1698:/ F
1634:/ C
1480:440
1318:F G
1183:F G
1047:D C
918:N/A
872:120
820:108
543:C,
236:in
232:, c
228:in
163:).
137:key
47:or
1792::
1758:/
1734:/
1710:/
1670:/
1646:/
1553:.
1533:32
1531:.
1496:12
1433:.
1379:C′
1339:C
1336:C′
1308:C
1305:C′
1289:C
1286:C′
1270:C
1251:C
1248:C′
1226:C
1213:C
1201:C′
1167:C
1164:C′
1142:C
1139:C′
1129:C
1116:C
1113:C′
1085:C
1082:C′
1066:C
1059:C
1016:C
997:C
994:C′
884:10
771:96
721:84
674:72
631:60
586:48
536:36
502:24
464:12
417:−1
398:)
302:.
183:.
139:.
121:Do
116:.
80:Hz
49:Do
1760:B
1751:A
1746:A
1736:A
1727:G
1722:G
1712:G
1703:F
1692:E
1672:E
1663:D
1658:D
1648:D
1639:C
1628:B
1608:e
1601:t
1594:v
1559:.
1493:9
1484:2
1445:.
1373:B
1367:A
1361:G
1355:F
1349:E
1330:B
1324:A
1299:B
1261:G
1236:E
1195:B
1189:A
1177:E
1158:B
1107:B
1095:E
1035:A
988:B
908:′
905:′
902:′
899:′
896:′
893:′
890:′
888:c
882:C
862:′
859:′
856:′
853:′
850:′
847:′
845:c
841:9
839:C
810:′
807:′
804:′
801:′
798:′
796:c
792:8
790:C
761:′
758:′
755:′
752:′
750:c
746:7
744:C
728:)
711:′
708:′
705:′
703:c
699:6
697:C
664:′
661:′
659:c
655:5
653:C
621:′
619:c
615:4
613:C
591:′
589:4
577:c
573:3
571:C
555:)
549:C
547:′
545:8
527:C
523:2
521:C
489:1
487:C
471:C
451:0
449:C
430:0
415:C
355:3
337:5
333:′
330:′
327:′
322:6
320:C
273:4
269:5
253:4
234:′
226:4
203:.
45:C
34:.
20:)
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