77:
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Salem district is that of Buddha and not a Hindu deity. The idol in the temple is currently being worshipped as
Thalaivetti Muniappan. The High Court was hearing a plea by Buddha Trust, based in Salem, who had filed a petition in 2017 saying that the idol is of the Buddha. Taking cognisance of a report filed by the state archaeological department that a preliminary inspection has revealed that the statue of the Buddha, Justice N Anand Venkatesh has ruled that the idol is indeed originally that of the Buddha.
350:
435:(20-24 CE) married a princess from the island. Peter Schalk writes, "Vallipuram has very rich archaeological remains that point at an early settlement. It was probably an emporium in the first centuries AD. From already dated stones with which we compare this Vallipuram statue, we can conclude that it falls in the period 3-4 century AD. During that period, the typical Amaravati-Buddha sculpture was developed." The Buddha statue found here was given to
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published an article about an 11th-century comparative work named
Veerasoliyam, codifying Tamil and Sanskrit Philology and Poetics is a clear indicator of the prominence given to Buddhism in Tamil scholarship. However the pan Saiva revival in Tamilagam in the second half of the second millennium and the Vaishnava resurgence coupled with the
266:
548:
The Madras High Court was hearing a plea by the Buddha Trust in Salem, which said that the idol was originally that of the Buddha, but over time it was taken over and was worshipped as that of
Thalaivetti Munniappan. The Madras High Court has declared that the statue of the main deity at a temple in
248:
Various scholarly works dating back to the 2nd century common era saw the birth of classical Tamil works composed by eminent Tamil poets with
Buddhist philosophical themes and insights illustrate the impact that Buddhism had in the world of Tamil scholarship. One of the classical products of that
134:
For several centuries in the second millennium of the common era
Buddhism among the Tamils in Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka was neglected and virtually abandoned due to shifts in political patronage and the revivalism among non-Buddhist religions. According to A.J.V. Chandrakanthan who recently (2019)
1008:
Vallipuram has very rich archaeological remains that point at an early settlement. It was probably an emporium in the first centuries AD. From already dated stones with which we compare this
Vallipuram statue, we can conclude that it falls in the period 3-4 century AD. During that period, the
597:
Little contemporary biographical information on
Bodhidharma is extant, and subsequent accounts became layered with legend. There are three principal sources for Bodhidharma's biography. None of them mentions specifically Tamil Nadu, only "the western regions" and "Souther India". See
189:. He visited the city in the 7th century and said that this city was 6 miles in circumference and that its people were famous for bravery and piety as well as for their love of justice and veneration for learning. He further recorded that
76:
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dates from this era. Buddhism disappeared from this city as of an unknown date but was revived as of the 9th century. (H.P.Ray, The Winds of Change, Delhi 1994, p. 142) In the 11th century,
84:
1021:
165:". This "nagar annam vihar" later came to be known as "Nagananavigar". Buddhism flourished until the 15th century and the buildings of the vihara survived until the 18th century.
2400:
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where all Asian vessels used it as a stopover point and the
Buddhist and Hindu Stupas are just a resting and worshipping places for the sailors and international traders. .
142:
Ancient ruins of a 4th-5th-century
Buddhist monastery, a Buddha statue, and a Buddhapada (footprint of the Buddha) were found in another section of the ancient city, now at
516:
patronized several religions amongst Tamils, including
Saivism, Vaishnavism, and Buddhism. They built Buddhist temples known as "Perrumpallis". In the eleventh century the
1790:
201:
attained its limelight. The city served as the Pallava capital, and many of the known temples were built during their reign. According to Tamil tradition, the founder of
161:. The "Animangalam Copperplate" of Kulothungachola notes that “Kasiba Thera” renovated the Buddhist temple in the 6th century with the help of Buddhist monks of "
3543:
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Peter Schalk, Ālvāppillai Vēluppillai. Buddhism among Tamils in pre-colonial Tamilakam and Īlam: Prologue. The Pre-Pallava and the Pallava period, Page 157-159.
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Indrapala argued for a flourishing pre-Christian Buddhist civilization in Jaffna, in agreement with Paranavithana, and Mudliyar C. Rasanayakam,
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ushered in a new era of religious militancy that virtually eradicated Buddhism forever from the Tamil-speaking regions of the South of India.
1142:
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Laura Smid (2003). South Asian folklore: an encyclopedia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Great Britain: Routledge. 429.
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412:. The word Naga was sometimes written in early inscriptions as Nāya, as in Nāganika - this occurs in the Nanaghat inscription of 150 BCE.
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in some historical documents. There are number of Buddhist myths associated with the interactions of people of this historical place with
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Chelvadurai Manogaran (1987). Ethnic conflict and reconciliation in Sri Lanka. United States of America: University of Hawaii Press. 21.
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as a strong Saiva Tamil principality and for their contributions to the upkeep of several shrines including the monumental Shiva
449:
240:. Vajrabodhi's contribution to the growth of Tantric Buddhism in China has been recorded by one of his lay disciples, Lü Xiang.
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2006:
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for an extensive overview of possible origins, and the reliability of the sources provided for these possible origins.
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427:-Prakrit, which shares several similarities with script inscriptions used in Andhra at the time, when the Telugu
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316:
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is found in the Burmese historical text of the 3rd century BCE and gives evidence of a Budha Vihar built by the
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532:. Tamil inscriptions excavated from this site point to the attention the Cholas paid to the development of
131:, Sri Lanka dated to 2nd century BCE records the association of Tamil merchants with Buddhist institution.
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Buddhism among Tamils in pre-colonial Tamilakam and Īlam: Prologue. The Pre-Pallava and the Pallava period
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Buddhism among Tamils in pre-colonial Tamilakam and Īlam: Prologue. The Pre-Pallava and the Pallava period
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873:, Buddhist Publication Society, Kandy, 1964. Available on Buddhist Publication Society Online Library
626:
Imagining a Place for Buddhism: Literary Culture and Religious Community in Tamil-Speaking South India
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3035:
2714:
2648:
2623:
2485:
908:
832:
797:
667:"Marine archaeological explorations of Tranquebar-Poompuhar region on Tamil Nadu coast"
524:
was renovated and renamed by the Cholas as Rajarajaperumpalli after they conquered the
424:
315:- 6th-century Buddhist scholar and one of the founders of the Buddhist school of logic
190:
174:
3148:
2448:
2438:
505:
in the 2nd century CE map of Ptolemy. Thiriyai formed a prominent village of Jaffna's
232:. He took a plethora of new theological beliefs to a China that was largely following
4280:
3990:
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Seeing Through Zen. Encounter, Transformation, and Genealogy in Chinese Chan Buddhism
563:
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was found in excavations below the Hindu temple. The language of the inscription is
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120:
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909:"BuddhaNet.Net: Sacred Island - A Buddhist Pilgrim's Guide to Sri Lanka: Nagadipa"
17:
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624:
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was built by the Javanese king Sri Vijaya Soolamanivarman with the patronage of
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2224:
2129:
2079:
2011:
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1700:
696:"Ancient ports and maritime trade centres in Tamilnadu and their significance"
681:
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270:
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1996:
1961:
1928:
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served as a monastery for Tamil monks and reflect the rise in popularity of
405:
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303:
287:
229:
225:
162:
103:
99:
3743:
2579:
2433:
2199:
1981:
1850:
1842:
841:
798:"Manimekalai: The ancient Buddhist Tamil epic, its relevance to psychiatry"
32:
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4000:
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1159:(1), Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 107, No. 1: 125–126,
874:
506:
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487:
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2564:
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2418:
2321:
2159:
2109:
1896:
1722:
432:
329:
325:
1172:
776:"The Life of the Tang Court Monk Vajrabodhi as Chronicked by Lü Xiang"
486:
in the first few centuries of the common era before the revivalism of
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4070:
3906:
3768:
3748:
3523:
3185:
3065:
3055:
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2500:
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1966:
1710:
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393:
237:
124:
94:
651:
1196:
1164:
684:
from the original on 24 January 2011 – via DSpace Repository.
265:
149:
Nāgappaṭṭinam was a Buddhist centre of the 4th-5th century CE. Its
4225:
4060:
3918:
3884:
3864:
3834:
3763:
3180:
3025:
2903:
2898:
2868:
2823:
2670:
2665:
2544:
2249:
2074:
2041:
2031:
419:
Buddha statue built with Dravidian sculptural traditions from the
333:
216:, the son of a Tamil aristocrat, travelled from Tamil Nadu to the
150:
83:
75:
1122:"The Antecedents of Encounter Dialogue in Chinese Ch'an Buddhism"
4095:
2888:
2554:
2051:
182:
1607:
1200:
3753:
2289:
202:
26:
1095:
Bodhidharma. A collection of stories from Chinese literature
80:
Buddha seated in lotus position, 11th century, Tamil Nadu.
1151:
Zvelebil, Kamil V. (1987), "The Sound of the One Hand",
324:- Esoteric Buddhist monk and one of the 8 patriarchs of
281:- founder of Chan Buddhism, believed to have come from
796:
Somasundaram, Ottilingam; Tejus Murthy, A. G. (2016).
193:
had visited the place. It was during the reign of the
966:
Early settlements in Jaffna: an archaeological survey
890:
888:
761:
431:
was at the height of its power and its 17th monarch
4196:
4111:
4026:
3724:
3626:
3509:
3206:
3134:
2961:
2834:
2774:
2409:
2275:
2215:
2060:
1952:
1882:
1736:
1681:
1532:
1492:
1234:
439:by the then British Governor Henry Blake in 1906.
290:- Buddhist scholar notable for travelling to Japan
1009:typical Amaravati-Buddha sculpture was developed.
388:Nāga Tivu/ Nāga Natu was the name of the whole
306:Buddhist commentator believed to have lived at
249:period is the ancient Tamil Buddhist epic-poem
1619:
1212:
924:Dictionary of Pali Proper Names: Pali-English
858:, London, 1928. Available at www.archive.org
8:
2401:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
1126:The Kōan: Texts and Contexts in Zen Buddhism
1124:, in Heine, Steven; Wright, Dale S. (eds.),
482:amongst Jaffna Tamils and the Tamils of the
1626:
1612:
1604:
1219:
1205:
1197:
926:. Asian Educational Services. p. 42.
652:"Role of Archaeology on Maritime Buddhism"
88:Buddha bronze, Chola period, 10th century.
831:
813:
1153:Journal of the American Oriental Society
737:
368:
348:
264:
57:of all important aspects of the article.
3588:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
615:
590:
296:- 5th-century Theravada Buddhist writer
197:from the 4th to the 9th centuries that
3791:List of Buddhist architecture in China
856:Maṇimekhalai in its Historical Setting
257:is set in the town of Kaveripattanam.
53:Please consider expanding the lead to
898:, Uppsala: Upplala Universitet; pp. 1
749:
725:
544:Thalaivetti Muniappan Buddhist Temple
212:In the 8th century CE, Buddhist monk
7:
579:Sri Lanka Maha Bodhi Centre, Chennai
854:Rao Bahadur Krishnaswāmi Aiyangar,
762:Dumoulin, Heisig & Knitter 2005
402:Nainativu Nagapooshani Amman Temple
328:Buddhism. Also associated with the
3578:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
1192:Thalaivetti Muniappan turns Buddha
1137:, The University Press Group Ltd,
509:districts in the medieval period.
185:and was believed to be visited by
25:
4347:Buddhist communities of Sri Lanka
400:was located close to the ancient
261:Tamil Buddhist historical figures
173:, and was a city of learning for
4259:
4249:
4248:
3806:Thai temple art and architecture
3551:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
1791:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
1657:
1644:
1634:
1587:
1578:
1577:
31:
1658:
964:Ponnampalam Ragupathy. (1987).
470:situated close together at the
353:9th Century Buddhist Stupas of
169:is one of the oldest cities in
45:may be too short to adequately
4342:Cultural history of Tamil Nadu
3796:Japanese Buddhist architecture
3598:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
2678:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
1869:Places where the Buddha stayed
1545:British Indian Ocean Territory
600:Bodhidharma#Birthplace sources
528:and established their rule in
98:was historically found in the
55:provide an accessible overview
1:
3811:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
1074:Zen Buddhism: India and China
993:"The Vallipuram Buddha Image"
228:, after mastering the art of
3568:Buddhism and the Roman world
3544:Decline of Buddhism in India
3539:History of Buddhism in India
1639: Topics in
802:Indian Journal of Psychiatry
119:The heritage of the town of
2766:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
2506:
1187:THE VALLIPURAM BUDDHA IMAGE
922:Malalasekera, G.P. (2003).
629:. Oxford University Press.
4363:
3716:The unanswerable questions
4322:History of Andhra Pradesh
4312:Cultural history of India
4302:History of Southeast Asia
4244:
3801:Buddhist temples in Korea
2364:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
2267:Three planes of existence
1874:Buddha in world religions
1653:
1573:
1128:, Oxford University Press
1026:Department of Archaeology
459:This place is similar to
398:Nagadeepa Purana Viharaya
375:Nagadeepa Purana Viharaya
4327:Sri Lankan Tamil history
3583:Persecution of Buddhists
2804:Four stages of awakening
2185:Three marks of existence
1771:Physical characteristics
1294:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
815:10.4103/0019-5545.183788
490:amongst the population.
447:in an earlier work, 1965
379:Nagapooshani Amman Kovil
4287:Buddhism amongst Tamils
2946:Ten principal disciples
1829:(aunt, adoptive mother)
1555:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1120:McRae, John R. (2000),
1092:Kambe, Tstuomu (2008),
871:Buddhism in South India
665:Rao, SR (2 July 1991).
452:26 January 2018 at the
253:by the celebrated poet
3656:Buddhism and democracy
3169:Tibetan Buddhist canon
3164:Chinese Buddhist canon
2396:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
2391:Early Buddhist schools
977:Schalk, Peter (2002).
894:Schalk, Peter (2002).
869:Hisselle Dhammaratana,
385:
366:
274:
127:. An inscription from
89:
81:
4307:History of South Asia
4297:History of Tamil Nadu
3666:Eight Consciousnesses
1776:Life of Buddha in art
1077:. World Wisdom, Inc.
650:Duraiswamy, Dayalan.
623:Monius, Anne (2001).
484:ancient Tamil country
372:
352:
268:
93:Buddhism amongst the
87:
79:
4332:History of Karnataka
4143:East Asian religions
3573:Buddhism in the West
3144:Early Buddhist texts
2759:Four Right Exertions
2225:Ten spiritual realms
1718:Noble Eightfold Path
1469:United Arab Emirates
1133:McRae, John (2003),
879:4 March 2016 at the
534:Trincomalee District
308:Badara Tittha Vihara
224:, via Sri Lanka and
102:region of India and
4266:Religion portal
4013:Temple of the Tooth
3892:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
2931:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
2424:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
2207:Two truths doctrine
2027:Mahapajapati Gotamī
1827:Mahapajapati Gotamī
1496:limited recognition
255:Chithalai Chathanar
4337:Ancient Tamil Nadu
4188:Western philosophy
3786:Dzong architecture
3608:Vipassana movement
3603:Buddhist modernism
3031:Emperor Wen of Sui
2799:Pratyekabuddhayāna
2732:Threefold Training
2534:Vipassana movement
2250:Hungry Ghost realm
2070:Avidyā (Ignorance)
2017:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
1766:Great Renunciation
1761:Eight Great Events
1643:
1108:on 6 November 2015
1061:Dumoulin, Heinrich
740:, p. 125-126.
708:on 8 February 2007
674:Marine Archaeology
501:is referred to as
429:Satavahana dynasty
386:
367:
275:
273:in Elista, Russia.
90:
82:
18:Buddhism in Jaffna
4317:History of Kerala
4274:
4273:
3912:Om mani padme hum
3618:Women in Buddhism
3534:Buddhist councils
3404:Western countries
3192:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
2953:Shaolin Monastery
2530:Samatha-vipassanā
2140:Pratītyasamutpāda
1944:Metteyya/Maitreya
1862:
1854:
1846:
1838:
1830:
1822:
1814:
1691:Four Noble Truths
1601:
1600:
1538:other territories
1228:Buddhism in Asia
1144:978-0-520-23798-8
1084:978-0-941532-89-1
636:978-0-19-803206-9
538:Koneswaram temple
480:Mahayana Buddhism
472:Kadurugoda Vihara
355:Kadurugoda Vihara
317:Pramāṇa-samuccaya
159:Raja Raja Chola I
72:
71:
16:(Redirected from
4354:
4264:
4263:
4252:
4251:
4091:Sacred languages
3939:Maya Devi Temple
3902:Mahabodhi Temple
3706:Secular Buddhism
3671:Engaged Buddhism
2511:
2359:Tibetan Buddhism
2310:Vietnamese Thiền
1909:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
1860:
1852:
1844:
1836:
1828:
1820:
1812:
1661:
1660:
1648:
1638:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1605:
1591:
1581:
1580:
1550:Christmas Island
1236:Sovereign states
1221:
1214:
1207:
1198:
1175:
1147:
1129:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1107:
1101:, archived from
1100:
1088:
1069:Knitter, Paul F.
1046:
1043:
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867:
861:
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793:
787:
786:
780:
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765:
764:, p. 85-90.
759:
753:
747:
741:
735:
729:
723:
717:
716:
714:
713:
707:
701:. Archived from
700:
692:
686:
685:
671:
662:
656:
655:
647:
641:
640:
620:
603:
595:
540:of Trincomalee.
437:King of Thailand
421:Amaravati school
390:Jaffna Peninsula
363:Jaffna Peninsula
345:Jaffna peninsula
230:Tantric Buddhism
155:Chudamani Vihara
67:
64:
58:
35:
27:
21:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4277:
4276:
4275:
4270:
4258:
4240:
4192:
4107:
4022:
3759:Ordination hall
3720:
3622:
3593:Buddhist crisis
3505:
3202:
3154:Mahayana sutras
3130:
3126:Thích Nhất Hạnh
2957:
2830:
2770:
2720:Bodhisattva vow
2405:
2271:
2211:
2170:Taṇhā (Craving)
2105:Five hindrances
2056:
1948:
1878:
1732:
1677:
1649:
1632:
1602:
1597:
1569:
1537:
1528:
1509:Northern Cyprus
1495:
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1230:
1225:
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1178:
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1020:
1019:
1015:
1001:
999:
997:Tamilnation.org
991:Schalk, Peter.
990:
989:
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945:
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881:Wayback Machine
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454:Wayback Machine
347:
342:
263:
246:
209:was born here.
195:Pallava dynasty
144:Pallavanesvaram
137:Bhakti movement
117:
112:
68:
62:
59:
52:
40:This article's
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3823:Greco-Buddhist
3815:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3774:Burmese pagoda
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3556:Greco-Buddhism
3553:
3548:
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3531:
3526:
3521:
3515:
3513:
3507:
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3489:United Kingdom
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3198:Abhidharmadīpa
3195:
3188:
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3166:
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3116:B. R. Ambedkar
3113:
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3036:Songtsen Gampo
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2717:
2715:Eight precepts
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2493:
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2486:Five Strengths
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2157:
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2147:
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2137:
2132:
2127:
2125:Mental factors
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
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2087:
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2077:
2072:
2066:
2064:
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2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1977:Mahamoggallāna
1974:
1969:
1964:
1958:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1947:
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1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
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1906:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1892:Avalokiteśvara
1888:
1886:
1880:
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1181:External links
1179:
1177:
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1165:10.2307/602960
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1022:"Velgamvehera"
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808:(2): 229–232.
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444:Ancient Jaffna
425:Tamil language
410:Shakti Peethas
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191:Gautama Buddha
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49:the key points
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30:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4359:
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4292:Tamil history
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4028:Miscellaneous
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4018:Vegetarianism
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3840:Buddha in art
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3494:United States
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3211:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3051:Padmasambhava
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2963:Major figures
2960:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2910:
2909:Western tulku
2907:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
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2837:
2833:
2825:
2822:
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2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2764:
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2756:
2755:
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2748:
2745:
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2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2710:Five precepts
2708:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2688:Dhamma vicaya
2686:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
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2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2632:
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2625:
2622:
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2617:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2605:
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2600:
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2535:
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2526:
2523:
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2518:
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2513:
2510:
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2504:
2502:
2499:
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2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2456:Buddhābhiṣeka
2454:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2427:
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2256:
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2241:
2238:
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2205:
2201:
2198:
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2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
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2161:
2158:
2156:
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2148:
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2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2100:Enlightenment
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2090:Dhamma theory
2088:
2086:
2085:Buddha-nature
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1924:Samantabhadra
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
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1902:
1898:
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1535:
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1525:
1522:
1520:
1519:South Ossetia
1517:
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1507:
1505:
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1066:
1065:Heisig, James
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933:81-206-1823-8
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789:
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777:
774:Sundberg, J.
770:
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746:
743:
739:
738:Zvelebil 1987
734:
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541:
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531:
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519:
518:Velgam Vehera
515:
514:Chola Dynasty
510:
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493:
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485:
481:
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457:
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413:
411:
408:, one of the
407:
403:
399:
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384:
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371:
364:
360:
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344:
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335:
332:monastery in
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121:Nākappaṭṭinam
114:
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96:
86:
78:
74:
66:
63:February 2024
56:
50:
48:
43:
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
4206:Bodhisattvas
4126:Christianity
4121:Baháʼí Faith
3986:Dharmachakra
3976:Prayer wheel
3966:Prayer beads
3734:Architecture
3613:969 Movement
3397:Saudi Arabia
3375:Central Asia
3368:South Africa
3190:
3173:
3106:Panchen Lama
3011:Buddhapālita
2607:Satipatthana
2602:Mindful Yoga
2515:Recollection
2429:Brahmavihara
2300:Japanese Zen
2295:Chinese Chan
2255:Animal realm
2062:Key concepts
1884:Bodhisattvas
1696:Three Jewels
1534:Dependencies
1464:Turkmenistan
1429:Saudi Arabia
1156:
1152:
1134:
1125:
1110:, retrieved
1103:the original
1094:
1073:
1041:
1029:. Retrieved
1016:
1007:
1000:. Retrieved
996:
986:
978:
973:
965:
960:
951:
942:
923:
917:
903:
895:
870:
865:
855:
850:
805:
801:
791:
782:
769:
757:
745:
733:
721:
710:. Retrieved
703:the original
690:
677:
673:
660:
645:
625:
618:
593:
547:
526:Anuradhapura
511:
502:
497:
465:
458:
443:
441:
414:
387:
373:The Ancient
247:
234:Confucianism
211:
148:
141:
133:
129:Anuradhapura
118:
92:
91:
73:
60:
44:
42:lead section
4051:Dharma talk
3880:Asalha Puja
3676:Eschatology
3479:Switzerland
3459:New Zealand
3387:Middle East
3296:Philippines
3216:Afghanistan
3021:Bodhidharma
3006:Buddhaghosa
2926:Householder
2836:Monasticism
2789:Bodhisattva
2644:Prostration
2597:Mindfulness
2525:Anapanasati
2508:Kammaṭṭhāna
2305:Korean Seon
2245:Asura realm
2240:Human realm
2180:Ten Fetters
2135:Parinirvana
2037:Uppalavanna
2002:Mahākaccana
1987:Mahākassapa
1919:Kṣitigarbha
1914:Ākāśagarbha
1811:Suddhodāna
1756:Four sights
1683:Foundations
1593:Asia portal
1494:States with
1414:Philippines
1354:South Korea
1349:North Korea
1244:Afghanistan
783:archive,org
574:Kundalakesi
569:Manimekalai
559:Buddhaghosa
530:Polonnaruwa
522:Periyakulam
494:Trincomalee
466:A group of
415:The famous
377:, near the
294:Buddhadatta
283:Kanchipuram
279:Bodhidharma
251:Manimekalai
220:capital of
207:Bodhidharma
199:Kanchipuram
171:South India
167:Kanchipuram
125:King Ashoka
4281:Categories
4168:Psychology
4148:Gnosticism
4136:Comparison
4131:Influences
4113:Comparison
3996:Bhavacakra
3954:Kushinagar
3929:Pilgrimage
3875:Māgha Pūjā
3830:Bodhi Tree
3646:Buddhology
3636:Abhidharma
3628:Philosophy
3561:Menander I
3429:Costa Rica
3380:Uzbekistan
3221:Bangladesh
3175:Dhammapada
3159:Pali Canon
3121:Ajahn Chah
3101:Dalai Lama
3001:Kumārajīva
2996:Vasubandhu
2971:The Buddha
2879:Zen master
2814:Sakadagami
2794:Buddhahood
2725:Pratimokṣa
2540:Shikantaza
2496:Meditation
2471:Deity yoga
2342:Madhyamaka
2235:Deva realm
2130:Mindstream
2080:Bodhicitta
1992:Aṅgulimāla
1859:Devadatta
1835:Yaśodharā
1738:The Buddha
1728:Middle Way
1474:Uzbekistan
1449:Tajikistan
1364:Kyrgyzstan
1344:Kazakhstan
1264:Bangladesh
1254:Azerbaijan
1002:10 January
750:McRae 2003
726:Kambe 2008
712:2006-10-16
610:References
564:Dhammapāla
476:Kandarodai
461:Nagapatnam
417:Vallipuram
359:Kandarodai
322:Vajrabodhi
300:Dhammapāla
269:Statue of
244:Literature
214:Vajrabodhi
4236:Festivals
4216:Buddhists
4178:Theosophy
3981:Symbolism
3971:Hama yumi
3944:Bodh Gaya
3711:Socialism
3686:Evolution
3661:Economics
3499:Venezuela
3414:Australia
3409:Argentina
3333:Sri Lanka
3328:Singapore
3246:Indonesia
3208:Countries
3149:Tripiṭaka
3111:Ajahn Mun
2986:Nagarjuna
2981:Aśvaghoṣa
2864:Anagārika
2859:Śrāmaṇerī
2854:Śrāmaṇera
2849:Bhikkhunī
2809:Sotāpanna
2698:Passaddhi
2639:Offerings
2614:Nekkhamma
2491:Iddhipada
2411:Practices
2381:Theravada
2354:Vajrayana
2347:Yogachara
2317:Pure Land
2230:Six Paths
2217:Cosmology
1997:Anuruddha
1972:Sāriputta
1962:Kaundinya
1954:Disciples
1929:Vajrapāṇi
1781:Footprint
1746:Tathāgata
1560:Hong Kong
1514:Palestine
1439:Sri Lanka
1434:Singapore
1314:Indonesia
968:. pp. 183
824:0019-5545
406:Nainativu
383:Nainativu
340:Sri Lanka
304:Theravada
288:Bodhisena
226:Srivijaya
163:Naga Nadu
104:Sri Lanka
100:Tamilakam
47:summarize
4254:Category
4183:Violence
4153:Hinduism
4101:Sanskrit
4056:Hinayana
4041:Amitābha
4001:Swastika
3870:Uposatha
3860:Holidays
3845:Calendar
3691:Humanism
3529:Kanishka
3519:Timeline
3343:Thailand
3311:Kalmykia
3306:Buryatia
3291:Pakistan
3276:Mongolia
3271:Maldives
3266:Malaysia
3231:Cambodia
3096:Shamarpa
3091:Nichiren
3041:Xuanzang
2976:Nagasena
2894:Rinpoche
2624:Pāramitā
2466:Devotion
2386:Navayana
2374:Dzogchen
2337:Nichiren
2285:Mahayana
2277:Branches
2155:Saṅkhāra
1904:Mañjuśrī
1861:(cousin)
1853:(cousin)
1821:(mother)
1813:(father)
1801:Miracles
1751:Birthday
1668:Glossary
1641:Buddhism
1583:Category
1504:Abkhazia
1454:Thailand
1409:Pakistan
1389:Mongolia
1384:Maldives
1379:Malaysia
1279:Cambodia
1071:(2005).
1031:17 April
981:. pp.151
877:Archived
842:27385862
682:Archived
553:See also
507:Vannimai
503:Talacori
499:Thiriyai
488:Hinduism
474:site in
450:Archived
222:Chang'an
187:Xuanzang
179:Sanskrit
4231:Temples
4211:Buddhas
4173:Science
4163:Judaism
4158:Jainism
4076:Lineage
4036:Abhijñā
4006:Thangka
3949:Sarnath
3934:Lumbini
3855:Funeral
3850:Cuisine
3726:Culture
3701:Reality
3651:Creator
3641:Atomism
3511:History
3484:Ukraine
3444:Germany
3363:Senegal
3353:Vietnam
3281:Myanmar
3081:Shinran
3071:Karmapa
3046:Shandao
3016:Dignāga
2941:Śrāvaka
2921:Donchee
2916:Kappiya
2874:Sayadaw
2844:Bhikkhu
2819:Anāgāmi
2776:Nirvana
2742:Samadhi
2629:Paritta
2570:Tonglen
2565:Mandala
2520:Smarana
2501:Mantras
2449:Upekkha
2419:Bhavana
2369:Shingon
2322:Tiantai
2175:Tathātā
2165:Śūnyatā
2160:Skandha
2150:Saṃsāra
2145:Rebirth
2120:Kleshas
2110:Indriya
2012:Subhūti
1897:Guanyin
1851:Ānanda
1843:Rāhula
1723:Nirvana
1663:Outline
1479:Vietnam
1394:Myanmar
1374:Lebanon
1304:Georgia
1259:Bahrain
1249:Armenia
1112:1 April
1053:Sources
833:4919973
396:. This
330:Nalanda
326:Shingon
313:Dignāga
271:Dignāga
4226:Sutras
4221:Suttas
4086:Siddhi
4071:Koliya
4046:Brahmā
3961:Poetry
3907:Mantra
3897:Kasaya
3769:Pagoda
3749:Kyaung
3744:Vihāra
3739:Temple
3681:Ethics
3524:Ashoka
3474:Sweden
3469:Poland
3464:Norway
3454:Mexico
3439:France
3424:Canada
3419:Brazil
3358:Africa
3338:Taiwan
3301:Russia
3226:Bhutan
3186:Vinaya
3066:Naropa
3056:Saraha
2991:Asanga
2747:Prajñā
2656:Refuge
2619:Nianfo
2580:Tertön
2575:Tantra
2560:Ganana
2550:Tukdam
2476:Dhyāna
2444:Mudita
2439:Karuṇā
2332:Risshū
2327:Huayan
2260:Naraka
2200:Anattā
2195:Dukkha
2190:Anicca
2095:Dharma
2047:Channa
1982:Ānanda
1967:Assaji
1934:Skanda
1837:(wife)
1806:Family
1786:Relics
1711:Sangha
1706:Dharma
1701:Buddha
1524:Taiwan
1459:Turkey
1424:Russia
1359:Kuwait
1339:Jordan
1329:Israel
1289:Cyprus
1274:Brunei
1269:Bhutan
1173:602960
1171:
1141:
1081:
930:
840:
830:
822:
633:
468:Stupas
394:Buddha
238:Daoism
181:, and
115:Origin
95:Tamils
4198:Lists
4066:Kalpa
4061:Iddhi
3924:Music
3919:Mudra
3885:Vassa
3865:Vesak
3835:Budai
3781:Candi
3764:Stupa
3696:Logic
3449:Italy
3348:Tibet
3286:Nepal
3256:Korea
3251:Japan
3241:India
3236:China
3181:Sutra
3136:Texts
3086:Dōgen
3076:Hōnen
3061:Atiśa
3026:Zhiyi
2936:Achar
2904:Tulku
2899:Geshe
2884:Rōshi
2869:Ajahn
2824:Arhat
2784:Bodhi
2754:Vīrya
2671:Sacca
2666:Satya
2661:Sādhu
2649:Music
2592:Merit
2585:Terma
2545:Zazen
2481:Faith
2434:Mettā
2115:Karma
2075:Bardo
2042:Asita
2032:Khema
2022:Upāli
2007:Nanda
1845:(son)
1819:Māyā
1796:Films
1673:Index
1565:Macau
1484:Yemen
1444:Syria
1419:Qatar
1399:Nepal
1334:Japan
1309:India
1299:Egypt
1284:China
1169:JSTOR
1106:(PDF)
1099:(PDF)
779:(PDF)
706:(PDF)
699:(PDF)
680:: 6.
670:(PDF)
585:Notes
334:Bihar
175:Tamil
151:stupa
110:India
4096:Pāḷi
4081:Māra
3991:Flag
3392:Iran
3316:Tuva
3261:Laos
2889:Lama
2737:Śīla
2705:Śīla
2693:Pīti
2683:Sati
2634:Puja
2555:Koan
2461:Dāna
2052:Yasa
1939:Tārā
1404:Oman
1369:Laos
1324:Iraq
1319:Iran
1139:ISBN
1114:2013
1079:ISBN
1033:2017
1004:2013
928:ISBN
838:PMID
820:ISSN
631:ISBN
512:The
433:Hāla
218:Tang
183:Pali
3818:Art
3754:Wat
2290:Zen
1536:and
1161:doi
1157:107
828:PMC
810:doi
520:of
404:of
357:in
236:or
203:Zen
4283::
3320:ru
1167:,
1155:,
1067:;
1063:;
1024:.
1006:.
995:.
887:^
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826:.
818:.
806:58
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205:,
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2536:)
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1627:e
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1613:v
1220:e
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