42:
86:
61:
208:
377:. Males have a forearm length greater than 91 mm (3.6 in) while females have a forearm length usually exceeding 86 mm (3.4 in). Greatest skull length in males is greater than 51 mm (2.0 in), while greatest skull length in females is greater than 45.8 mm (1.80 in).
372:
Males of this species weigh 164–198 g (0.362–0.437 lb), while females weigh 85–132 g (0.187–0.291 lb). While it is similar in appearance to
Franquet's epauletted fruit bat, Buettikofer's epauletted fruit bat can be differentiated by its greater forearm, greater skull length, and
338:
This conclusion may be challenged again, however, as a 2016 study found that
Franquet's epauletted fruit bat and Buettikofer's epauletted fruit bat were indistinguishable on the basis of
561:"On the differences between sympatric Epomops franqueti (Tomes, 1860) and Epomops buettikoferi (Matschie, 1899), with additional notes on the latter species (Mammalia, Megachiroptera)"
41:
584:"Comparative phylogeography of African fruit bats (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae) provide new insights into the outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa, 2014–2016"
3622:
331:). This was refuted in 1975 by Bergmans, who reported that the Buettikofer's epauletted fruit bat differs significantly from Franquet's epauletted fruit bat in its
3687:
3795:
3754:
3596:
3254:
3767:
3635:
433:
encountered. While usually found in low-lying areas, it has been documented at elevations up to 1,200 m (3,900 ft) above sea level on
3365:
3230:
3221:
695:
409:, which had two breeding seasons per year. Births occurred in February–March and August–September, coinciding with the biannual
3810:
1559:
1550:
650:
Kofron, C. P.; Chapman, A. (1994). "Reproduction and sexual dimorphism of the West
African fruit bat, Epomops buettikoferi, in Liberia".
3079:
1604:
3820:
3165:
3115:
1649:
1157:
793:
422:
324:
3097:
1568:
3356:
3661:
3156:
3061:
3052:
2585:
1577:
1175:
829:
2762:
1959:
1658:
1622:
1595:
892:
847:
3679:
3088:
2753:
1640:
1631:
943:
3772:
3640:
2308:
2159:
2123:
2010:
1613:
1315:
1166:
820:
538:
Die
Fledermäuse des Berliner Museums für Naturkunde. 1. Lieferung. Die Megachiroptera des Berliner Museums für Naturkunde
3070:
3043:
2132:
1249:
1121:
874:
865:
3411:
323:, who had conducted several scientific expeditions to Liberia. In 1965, Kuhn published that it was a subspecies of the
3674:
3457:
1719:
1586:
934:
856:
838:
802:
1216:
3692:
3106:
2657:
2389:
2254:
1782:
1207:
910:
811:
688:
3374:
2922:
1841:
207:
85:
3561:
2711:
2461:
2150:
2141:
2051:
1682:
1324:
1306:
1058:
1034:
2666:
2371:
2335:
1273:
1130:
405:
individuals have been found in March and August. This hypothesis was supported by research on a population in
3815:
3448:
2558:
2290:
2218:
2099:
2075:
2001:
1891:
1800:
1791:
1749:
1437:
1404:
3523:
2895:
2890:
2567:
2470:
2353:
2245:
1758:
1413:
1089:
1068:
901:
319:
was found in
Schlieffelinsville, Liberia, along the Junk River. Matschie named the new species after Dr.
3805:
2639:
2621:
2281:
1882:
1832:
1471:
883:
681:
180:
3490:
1518:
1139:
17:
3583:
3466:
2967:
2949:
2648:
2612:
2497:
2425:
2416:
2191:
2042:
434:
385:
Free-ranging
Buettikofer's epauletted fruit bats feed almost exclusively on fruit. The fruits of the
332:
320:
2976:
2838:
2684:
2594:
2479:
2263:
1941:
536:
402:
300:
50:
513:
2913:
2820:
2675:
2603:
2534:
2407:
2317:
2227:
2200:
1873:
1297:
450:
220:
80:
3627:
356:, consisting of only Franquet's epauletted fruit bat, which is further divided into subspecies
3741:
3700:
3570:
3324:
3315:
3189:
2904:
2693:
2549:
2524:
2506:
2452:
2443:
2434:
2398:
2299:
2272:
1968:
1950:
1496:
776:
605:
339:
3705:
3800:
3291:
2931:
2877:
2729:
2720:
2702:
2630:
2576:
2540:
2488:
2362:
2326:
2209:
1977:
1148:
1001:
659:
632:
595:
508:
398:
397:. Little is known about the reproduction of this species. It is possible that there are two
343:
3653:
2940:
2829:
2515:
2344:
2025:
1691:
1673:
1461:
1372:
1348:
1225:
1010:
353:
673:
582:
Hassanin, A.; Nesi, N.; Marin, J.; Kadjo, B.; Pourrut, X.; Leroy, É.; Ruedi, M. (2016).
3429:
2380:
2236:
741:
663:
458:
3789:
3648:
3481:
3306:
3282:
3204:
3004:
2962:
1240:
1049:
925:
560:
499:
454:
374:
304:
268:
197:
70:
65:
490:
3746:
3732:
3575:
3439:
3272:
3245:
3180:
3016:
2744:
1919:
1856:
1773:
1732:
1025:
971:
763:
636:
430:
284:
3666:
3609:
3555:
3339:
3026:
2790:
1387:
1339:
1190:
394:
308:
256:
600:
583:
2803:
2114:
1992:
1815:
1452:
1104:
747:
410:
3546:
623:
Thomas, D. W. (1984). "Fruit intake and energy budgets of frugivorous bats".
3392:
2853:
2090:
1509:
1428:
1363:
1288:
984:
386:
287:. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and
97:
609:
3726:
3540:
3402:
2174:
2066:
1932:
1533:
1264:
1080:
735:
729:
723:
717:
462:
401:
per year, as pregnant females have been encountered in
January and July.
316:
117:
3759:
3601:
3130:
705:
465:, though it is unclear what impact this has on its population numbers.
406:
348:
288:
280:
276:
272:
252:
157:
147:
461:, it can thrive in areas that lack legal protection. It is hunted for
346:
between the two taxa led the authors of the 2016 paper to assert that
3614:
2872:
264:
127:
107:
3517:
426:
260:
446:
3588:
3521:
3001:
2787:
1916:
1716:
1493:
968:
760:
677:
484:
482:
480:
478:
425:
in the western part of its range. In its range to the west of
137:
445:
Buettikofer's epauletted fruit bat has been evaluated by the
421:
393:
comprised almost 50% of the diet of a population in
3716:
3530:
3479:
3437:
3428:
3400:
3391:
3337:
3304:
3280:
3271:
3243:
3202:
3178:
3128:
3024:
3015:
2851:
2801:
2742:
2172:
2112:
2088:
2064:
2023:
1990:
1930:
1854:
1813:
1771:
1730:
1671:
1531:
1507:
1450:
1426:
1385:
1361:
1337:
1286:
1262:
1238:
1188:
1102:
1078:
1047:
1023:
982:
923:
774:
541:. Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin. pp. 45–46.
449:since 1994. From 1994–2004 it was listed as
335:, warranting that they remain separate species.
554:
552:
550:
548:
689:
514:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T7907A22116763.en
303:as a new species in 1899 by German zoologist
8:
255:in the family Pteropodidae. It is found in
3518:
3434:
3397:
3277:
3021:
3012:
2998:
2798:
2784:
1927:
1913:
1727:
1713:
1504:
1490:
979:
965:
771:
757:
696:
682:
674:
429:, it is one of the most common species of
206:
59:
40:
31:
599:
512:
215:Buettikofer's epauletted fruit bat range
3366:East African little collared fruit bat (
3255:Veldkamp's dwarf epauletted fruit bat (
474:
35:Buettikofer's epauletted fruit bat
18:Buettikofer's Epauletted Fruit Bat
457:. While some of its habitat is within
453:; from 2004–present it has been
3222:Hayman's dwarf epauletted fruit bat (
3080:Lesser Angolan epauletted fruit bat (
227:
7:
3231:Peters' dwarf epauletted fruit bat (
3148:Buettikofer's epauletted fruit bat (
1650:New Britain naked-backed fruit bat (
1158:Nusatenggara short-nosed fruit bat (
794:Broad-striped tube-nosed fruit bat (
3796:IUCN Red List least concern species
3098:East African epauletted fruit bat (
1569:Philippine naked-backed fruit bat (
1560:Beaufort's naked-backed fruit bat (
1551:Andersen's naked-backed fruit bat (
500:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2586:Little golden-mantled flying fox (
1605:Solomon's naked-backed fruit bat (
1578:Halmahera naked-backed fruit bat (
1176:Indonesian short-nosed fruit bat (
830:Round-eared tube-nosed fruit bat (
664:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1994.tb00581.x
307:. Matschie placed it in the genus
243:Buettikofer's epauletted fruit bat
25:
3166:Franquet's epauletted fruit bat (
3116:Wahlberg's epauletted fruit bat (
2763:Sulawesi stripe-faced fruit bat (
1960:Giant golden-crowned flying fox (
1659:Greenish naked-backed fruit bat (
1623:Moluccan naked-backed fruit bat (
1596:Sulawesi naked-backed fruit bat (
893:Philippine tube-nosed fruit bat (
3089:Ethiopian epauletted fruit bat (
2754:Mindoro stripe-faced fruit bat (
1641:Western naked-backed fruit bat (
1632:Panniet naked-backed fruit bat (
944:Steadfast tube-nosed fruit bat (
84:
3062:Peters's epauletted fruit bat (
3053:Ansell's epauletted fruit bat (
2309:New Ireland masked flying fox (
2160:New Georgian monkey-faced Bat (
2124:Bougainville monkey-faced Bat (
2011:Small white-winged flying fox (
1614:Lesser naked-backed fruit bat (
1167:Greater short-nosed fruit bat (
821:Mountain tube-nosed fruit bat (
423:Franquet's epauletted fruit bat
325:Franquet's epauletted fruit bat
3071:Gambian epauletted fruit bat (
3044:Angolan epauletted fruit bat (
2133:Guadalcanal monkey-faced Bat (
1122:Lesser short-nosed fruit bat (
875:Demonic tube-nosed fruit bat (
866:Malaita tube-nosed fruit bat (
848:Keast's tube-nosed fruit bat (
637:10.1086/physzool.57.4.30163347
1:
3357:São Tomé collared fruit bat (
1587:Biak naked-backed fruit bat (
935:Lesser tube-nosed fruit bat (
857:Island tube-nosed fruit bat (
839:Dragon tube-nosed fruit bat (
803:Common tube-nosed fruit bat (
3347:(Little collared fruit bats)
3107:Minor epauletted fruit bat (
2658:Philippine gray flying fox (
2255:Bismarck masked flying fox (
1316:Ratanaworabhan's fruit bat (
911:Umboi tube-nosed fruit bat (
3811:Taxa named by Paul Matschie
3375:Little collared fruit bat (
2033:(Straw-coloured fruit bats)
1842:New Caledonia blossom bat (
1250:Fischer's pygmy fruit bat (
3837:
2712:New Caledonia flying fox (
2462:Black-bearded flying fox (
2151:Montane monkey-faced Bat (
2142:Greater monkey-faced Bat (
2052:Straw-coloured fruit bat (
1683:Sulawesi harpy fruit bat (
1325:White-collared fruit bat (
1307:Javan tailless fruit bat (
1217:Rickart's dyak fruit bat (
1059:Spotted-winged fruit bat (
1035:Mindanao pygmy fruit bat (
652:African Journal of Ecology
601:10.1016/j.crvi.2016.09.005
3821:Mammals described in 1899
3449:Short-palated fruit bat (
3011:
2997:
2797:
2783:
2559:Geelvink Bay flying fox (
2390:Livingstone's fruit bat (
2291:Large Samoan flying fox (
2219:Small Samoan flying fox (
2100:Small-toothed fruit bat (
2076:Fijian monkey-faced Bat (
2002:White-winged flying fox (
1926:
1912:
1892:Moss-forest blossom bat (
1792:Black-bellied fruit bat (
1783:Fardoulis's blossom bat (
1750:Long-tongued nectar bat (
1740:(Long-tongued fruit bats)
1726:
1712:
1503:
1489:
1405:Greater musky fruit bat (
1208:Brooks's dyak fruit bat (
978:
964:
812:Pallas's tube-nosed bat (
770:
756:
712:
704:Extant species of family
362:E. franqueti buettikoferi
226:
219:
214:
205:
186:
179:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
3718:Epomophorus buettikoferi
3412:D'Anchieta's fruit bat (
2923:Leschenault's rousette (
2568:Grey-headed flying fox (
2471:Black-eared flying fox (
2354:Ontong Java flying fox (
2246:Ashy-headed flying fox (
1823:(Long-tailed fruit bats)
1759:Long-tongued fruit bat (
1541:(Bare-backed fruit bats)
1414:Lesser musky fruit bat (
1090:Black-capped fruit bat (
902:Eastern tube-nosed Bat (
588:Comptes Rendus Biologies
3458:Campo-Ma’an fruit bat (
2667:Temminck's flying fox (
2640:Little red flying fox (
2622:Madagascan flying fox (
2372:Andersen's flying fox (
2336:Gilliard's flying fox (
2282:Spectacled flying fox (
1883:Halmahera blossom bat (
1833:Long-tailed fruit bat (
1274:Salim Ali's fruit bat (
1131:Horsfield's fruit bat (
884:Lesser tube-nosed bat (
784:(tube-nosed fruit bats)
313:Epomophorus büttikoferi
230:Epomophorus büttikoferi
3212:(Dwarf epauleted bats)
3034:(Epauleted fruit bats)
2968:Long-haired rousette (
2950:Bare-backed rousette (
2649:Seychelles fruit bat (
2613:Rodrigues flying fox (
2498:Mauritian flying fox (
2426:Big-eared flying fox (
2192:Admiralty flying fox (
2043:Madagascan fruit bat (
1801:Woodford's fruit bat (
1438:Blanford's fruit bat (
1112:(Dog-faced fruit bats)
1069:Balionycteris seimundi
360:in Central Africa and
358:E. franqueti franqueti
295:Taxonomy and etymology
2977:Madagascan rousette (
2896:Geoffroy's rousette (
2861:(rousette fruit bats)
2839:Philippine dawn bat (
2685:Vanikoro flying fox (
2595:Solomons flying fox (
2480:Caroline flying fox (
2264:Moluccan flying fox (
1942:Sulawesi flying fox (
625:Physiological Zoology
559:Bergmans, W. (1975).
535:Matschie, P. (1899).
489:Monadjem, A. (2016).
3562:Epomops buettikoferi
3532:Epomops buettikoferi
3491:Zenker's fruit bat (
3157:Dobson's fruit bat (
2821:Greater nectar bat (
2676:Insular flying fox (
2604:Rennell flying fox (
2408:Okinawa flying fox (
2318:Nicobar flying fox (
2228:Vanuatu flying fox (
2201:Aldabra flying fox (
1874:Common blossom bat (
1519:Bulmer's fruit bat (
1298:Tailless fruit bat (
1140:Peters's fruit bat (
507:: e.T7907A22116763.
493:Epomops buettikoferi
248:Epomops buettikoferi
190:Epomops buettikoferi
172:E. buettikoferi
3467:Pohle's fruit bat (
3316:Azagnyi fruit bat (
3190:Hammer-headed Bat (
2979:R. madagascariensis
2914:Egyptian rousette (
2905:Sulawesi rousette (
2694:Kosrae flying fox (
2550:Masked flying fox (
2525:Ornate flying fox (
2507:Temotu flying fox (
2453:Indian flying fox (
2444:Mariana fruit bat (
2435:Lesser flying fox (
2417:Lyle's flying fox (
2399:Lombok flying fox (
2300:Ryukyu flying fox (
2273:Makira flying fox (
2013:D. microleucopterus
1969:Palawan fruit bat (
1951:Talaud flying fox (
391:Ficus vallischoudae
51:Conservation status
3292:Angolan rousette (
2932:Linduan Rousette (
2898:R. amplexicaudatus
2878:Manado fruit bat (
2730:Dwarf flying fox (
2721:Pemba flying fox (
2703:Large flying fox (
2631:Samoa flying fox (
2577:Bonin flying fox (
2541:Pelew flying fox (
2489:Great flying fox (
2363:Small flying fox (
2327:Banks flying fox (
2210:Black flying fox (
1978:Sunda flying fox (
1395:(Musky fruit bats)
1198:(Dayak fruit bats)
1149:Minute fruit bat (
1002:Borneo fruit bat (
992:(Pygmy fruit bats)
251:) is a species of
3783:
3782:
3701:Open Tree of Life
3524:Taxon identifiers
3515:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3460:C. campomaanensis
3424:
3423:
3387:
3386:
3350:
3267:
3266:
3215:
3141:
3037:
2993:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2941:Comoro rousette (
2864:
2830:Cave nectar bat (
2814:
2811:(Dawn fruit bats)
2779:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2516:Ceram fruit bat (
2345:Gray flying fox (
2284:P. conspicillatus
2185:
2036:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1867:
1826:
1743:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1692:Harpy fruit bat (
1544:
1497:Harpyionycterinae
1485:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1462:Swift fruit bat (
1398:
1373:Dusky fruit bat (
1351:O. cartilagonodus
1349:Luzon fruit bat (
1226:Dayak fruit bat (
1201:
1178:C. titthaecheilus
1115:
1092:C. melanocephalus
1011:Pygmy fruit bat (
995:
960:
959:
956:
955:
787:
417:Range and habitat
340:mitochondrial DNA
329:Epomops franqueti
321:Johann Büttikofer
240:
239:
234:
74:
27:Species of mammal
16:(Redirected from
3828:
3776:
3775:
3763:
3762:
3750:
3749:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3709:
3708:
3696:
3695:
3683:
3682:
3670:
3669:
3657:
3656:
3644:
3643:
3631:
3630:
3618:
3617:
3605:
3604:
3592:
3591:
3579:
3578:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3519:
3435:
3398:
3359:M. brachycephala
3349:
3348:
3344:
3325:Woermann's bat (
3278:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3140:
3139:
3138:(Epauleted bats)
3135:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3022:
3013:
2999:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2799:
2785:
2651:P. seychellensis
2570:P. poliocephalus
2491:P. neohibernicus
2381:Kei flying fox (
2266:P. chrysoproctus
2237:Aru flying fox (
2194:P. admiralitatum
2184:
2183:
2179:
2035:
2034:
2030:
1928:
1914:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1844:N. neocaledonica
1825:
1824:
1820:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1728:
1714:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1505:
1491:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1114:
1113:
1109:
994:
993:
989:
980:
966:
786:
785:
781:
772:
758:
698:
691:
684:
675:
668:
667:
647:
641:
640:
620:
614:
613:
603:
579:
573:
572:
556:
543:
542:
532:
526:
525:
523:
521:
516:
486:
399:breeding seasons
364:in West Africa.
344:genetic distance
232:
210:
192:
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
44:
32:
21:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3771:
3766:
3758:
3753:
3745:
3740:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3712:
3704:
3699:
3691:
3686:
3678:
3673:
3665:
3660:
3652:
3647:
3639:
3634:
3626:
3621:
3613:
3608:
3600:
3595:
3587:
3582:
3574:
3569:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3526:
3516:
3499:
3475:
3420:
3383:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3333:
3300:
3263:
3239:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3198:
3174:
3150:E. buettikoferi
3137:
3136:
3134:
3124:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3007:
2985:
2925:R. leschenaulti
2860:
2859:
2857:
2847:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2793:
2771:
2738:
2687:P. tuberculatus
2509:P. nitendiensis
2392:P. livingstonii
2338:P. gilliardorum
2181:
2180:
2178:
2168:
2108:
2084:
2060:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2019:
1986:
1922:
1900:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1850:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1809:
1767:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1722:
1700:
1674:Harpyionycteris
1667:
1634:D. pannietensis
1540:
1539:
1537:
1527:
1499:
1477:
1446:
1422:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1381:
1357:
1333:
1282:
1258:
1234:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1184:
1160:C. nusatenggara
1111:
1110:
1108:
1098:
1074:
1043:
1037:A. paucidentata
1019:
991:
990:
988:
974:
952:
919:
783:
782:
780:
766:
752:
708:
702:
672:
671:
649:
648:
644:
622:
621:
617:
594:(11): 517–528.
581:
580:
576:
571:(304): 141–152.
558:
557:
546:
534:
533:
529:
519:
517:
488:
487:
476:
471:
459:protected areas
443:
419:
383:
370:
297:
201:
194:
188:
175:
83:
75:
64:
60:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3834:
3832:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3816:Bats of Africa
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3788:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3764:
3751:
3738:
3722:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3697:
3684:
3671:
3658:
3645:
3632:
3619:
3606:
3593:
3580:
3567:
3552:
3536:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3513:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3487:
3485:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3464:
3455:
3445:
3443:
3432:
3430:Scotonycterini
3426:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3408:
3406:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3372:
3363:
3353:
3351:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3322:
3312:
3310:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3288:
3286:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3251:
3249:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3228:
3224:M. intermedius
3218:
3216:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3186:
3184:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3163:
3154:
3144:
3142:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3113:
3104:
3095:
3086:
3077:
3068:
3059:
3050:
3040:
3038:
3019:
3009:
3008:
3002:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2974:
2957:
2956:
2947:
2938:
2929:
2920:
2916:R. aegyptiacus
2911:
2902:
2885:
2884:
2867:
2865:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2836:
2827:
2817:
2815:
2795:
2794:
2788:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2760:
2756:S. mindorensis
2750:
2748:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2727:
2718:
2709:
2700:
2691:
2682:
2673:
2664:
2655:
2646:
2637:
2628:
2619:
2615:P. rodricensis
2610:
2601:
2592:
2583:
2574:
2565:
2556:
2547:
2538:
2531:
2522:
2513:
2504:
2495:
2486:
2477:
2468:
2464:P. melanopogon
2459:
2450:
2441:
2432:
2423:
2414:
2410:P. loochoensis
2405:
2401:P. lombocensis
2396:
2387:
2378:
2374:P. intermedius
2369:
2365:P. hypomelanus
2360:
2351:
2342:
2333:
2324:
2315:
2306:
2297:
2288:
2279:
2270:
2261:
2257:P. capistratus
2252:
2243:
2234:
2225:
2216:
2207:
2203:P. aldabrensis
2198:
2188:
2186:
2182:(flying foxes)
2170:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2157:
2148:
2139:
2130:
2120:
2118:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2072:
2070:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2049:
2039:
2037:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2008:
2004:D. leucopterus
1998:
1996:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1975:
1966:
1957:
1948:
1938:
1936:
1924:
1923:
1917:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1889:
1880:
1870:
1868:
1864:(blossom bats)
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1839:
1829:
1827:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1798:
1789:
1779:
1777:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1756:
1746:
1744:
1724:
1723:
1720:Macroglossinae
1717:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1689:
1679:
1677:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1656:
1647:
1638:
1629:
1625:D. moluccensis
1620:
1611:
1602:
1593:
1584:
1575:
1566:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1515:
1513:
1501:
1500:
1494:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1468:
1458:
1456:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1434:
1432:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1411:
1401:
1399:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1369:
1367:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1345:
1343:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1304:
1294:
1292:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1270:
1268:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1246:
1244:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1223:
1214:
1204:
1202:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1155:
1146:
1142:C. luzoniensis
1137:
1133:C. horsfieldii
1128:
1118:
1116:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1055:
1053:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1031:
1029:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1008:
998:
996:
976:
975:
969:
962:
961:
958:
957:
954:
953:
951:
950:
941:
931:
929:
921:
920:
918:
917:
908:
899:
890:
881:
872:
868:N. malaitensis
863:
854:
845:
836:
827:
818:
809:
800:
790:
788:
768:
767:
761:
754:
753:
751:
750:
744:
742:Laurasiatheria
738:
732:
726:
720:
713:
710:
709:
703:
701:
700:
693:
686:
678:
670:
669:
658:(4): 308–316.
642:
631:(4): 457–467.
615:
574:
544:
527:
473:
472:
470:
467:
442:
439:
418:
415:
382:
379:
369:
366:
296:
293:
238:
237:
236:
235:
233:Matschie, 1899
224:
223:
217:
216:
212:
211:
203:
202:
195:
184:
183:
177:
176:
169:
167:
163:
162:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
77:
76:
58:
55:
54:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3833:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3774:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3743:
3739:
3734:
3728:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3707:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3572:
3568:
3563:
3557:
3553:
3548:
3542:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3520:
3496:
3494:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3482:Scotonycteris
3478:
3472:
3470:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3417:
3415:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3380:
3378:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3330:
3328:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3307:Megaloglossus
3303:
3297:
3295:
3294:L. angolensis
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3283:Lissonycteris
3279:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3260:
3258:
3257:N. veldkampii
3253:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3236:
3234:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3207:
3206:
3205:Micropteropus
3201:
3195:
3193:
3192:H. monstrosus
3188:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3171:
3169:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3121:
3119:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3046:E. angolensis
3042:
3041:
3039:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3005:Epomophorinae
3000:
2996:
2982:
2980:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2963:Stenonycteris
2959:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2952:R. spinalatus
2948:
2946:
2944:
2943:R. obliviosus
2939:
2937:
2935:
2934:R. linduensis
2930:
2928:
2926:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2907:R. celebensis
2903:
2901:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2844:
2842:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2786:
2782:
2768:
2766:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2735:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2723:P. voeltzkowi
2719:
2717:
2715:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2669:P. temminckii
2665:
2663:
2661:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2642:P. scapulatus
2638:
2636:
2634:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2552:P. personatus
2548:
2546:
2544:
2543:P. pelewensis
2539:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2482:P. molossinus
2478:
2476:
2474:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2302:P. dasymallus
2298:
2296:
2294:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2165:
2163:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2105:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2057:
2055:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1944:A. celebensis
1940:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1911:
1897:
1895:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1835:N. macdonaldi
1831:
1830:
1828:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1806:
1804:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1785:M. fardoulisi
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1711:
1697:
1695:
1694:H. whiteheadi
1690:
1688:
1686:
1685:H. celebensis
1681:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1664:
1662:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1652:D. praedatrix
1648:
1646:
1644:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1524:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1488:
1474:
1473:
1472:T. suhaniahae
1469:
1467:
1465:
1464:T. nigrescens
1460:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1443:
1441:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1419:
1417:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1378:
1376:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1279:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1255:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1241:Haplonycteris
1237:
1231:
1229:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1124:C. brachyotis
1120:
1119:
1117:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1050:Balionycteris
1046:
1040:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1000:
999:
997:
987:
986:
981:
977:
973:
967:
963:
949:
947:
942:
940:
938:
933:
932:
930:
928:
927:
926:Paranyctimene
922:
916:
914:
909:
907:
905:
900:
898:
896:
891:
889:
887:
882:
880:
878:
873:
871:
869:
864:
862:
860:
855:
853:
851:
846:
844:
842:
841:N. draconilla
837:
835:
833:
828:
826:
824:
819:
817:
815:
814:N. cephalotes
810:
808:
806:
805:N. albiventer
801:
799:
797:
792:
791:
789:
779:
778:
773:
769:
765:
759:
755:
749:
745:
743:
739:
737:
733:
731:
727:
725:
721:
719:
715:
714:
711:
707:
699:
694:
692:
687:
685:
680:
679:
676:
665:
661:
657:
653:
646:
643:
638:
634:
630:
626:
619:
616:
611:
607:
602:
597:
593:
589:
585:
578:
575:
570:
566:
562:
555:
553:
551:
549:
545:
540:
539:
531:
528:
515:
510:
506:
502:
501:
496:
494:
485:
483:
481:
479:
475:
468:
466:
464:
460:
456:
455:least concern
452:
448:
440:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
416:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
380:
378:
376:
373:longer first
367:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
350:
345:
341:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
305:Paul Matschie
302:
294:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
269:Guinea-Bissau
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
249:
244:
231:
228:
225:
222:
218:
213:
209:
204:
199:
193:
191:
185:
182:
181:Binomial name
178:
174:
173:
168:
165:
164:
161:
160:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
78:
72:
67:
66:Least Concern
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3806:Bats as food
3717:
3531:
3492:
3480:
3468:
3459:
3450:
3440:Casinycteris
3438:
3414:P. anchietae
3413:
3401:
3376:
3367:
3358:
3338:
3327:M. woermanni
3326:
3317:
3305:
3293:
3281:
3273:Myonycterini
3256:
3246:Nanonycteris
3244:
3232:
3223:
3203:
3191:
3181:Hypsignathus
3179:
3168:E. franqueti
3167:
3158:
3149:
3147:
3129:
3118:E. wahlbergi
3117:
3108:
3099:
3090:
3081:
3073:E. gambianus
3072:
3064:E. crypturus
3063:
3054:
3045:
3025:
3017:Epomophorini
2978:
2969:
2960:
2951:
2942:
2933:
2924:
2915:
2906:
2897:
2888:
2879:
2870:
2852:
2840:
2831:
2822:
2802:
2764:
2755:
2745:Styloctenium
2743:
2732:P. woodfordi
2731:
2722:
2713:
2704:
2695:
2686:
2677:
2668:
2660:P. speciosus
2659:
2650:
2641:
2633:P. samoensis
2632:
2623:
2614:
2605:
2596:
2587:
2579:P. pselaphon
2578:
2569:
2560:
2551:
2542:
2535:P. pelagicus
2533:
2526:
2517:
2508:
2499:
2490:
2481:
2473:P. melanotus
2472:
2463:
2454:
2446:P. mariannus
2445:
2437:P. mahaganus
2436:
2427:
2418:
2409:
2400:
2391:
2382:
2373:
2364:
2355:
2346:
2337:
2328:
2319:
2310:
2301:
2292:
2283:
2274:
2265:
2256:
2247:
2238:
2230:P. anetianus
2229:
2221:P. allenorum
2220:
2211:
2202:
2193:
2173:
2161:
2152:
2144:P. flanneryi
2143:
2134:
2125:
2113:
2101:
2089:
2078:M. acrodonta
2077:
2065:
2053:
2045:E. dupreanum
2044:
2024:
2012:
2003:
1991:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1952:
1943:
1931:
1920:Pteropodinae
1893:
1885:S. carolinae
1884:
1876:S. australis
1875:
1857:Syconycteris
1855:
1843:
1834:
1814:
1803:M. woodfordi
1802:
1793:
1784:
1774:Melonycteris
1772:
1760:
1751:
1733:Macroglossus
1731:
1693:
1684:
1672:
1660:
1651:
1642:
1633:
1624:
1615:
1606:
1597:
1588:
1580:D. crenulata
1579:
1570:
1562:D. beauforti
1561:
1553:D. anderseni
1552:
1532:
1520:
1508:
1470:
1463:
1451:
1440:S. blanfordi
1439:
1427:
1415:
1406:
1386:
1374:
1362:
1350:
1338:
1326:
1317:
1308:
1300:M. ecaudatus
1299:
1287:
1276:L. salimalii
1275:
1263:
1251:
1239:
1228:D. spadiceus
1227:
1218:
1209:
1189:
1177:
1168:
1159:
1150:
1141:
1132:
1123:
1103:
1091:
1079:
1067:
1060:
1048:
1036:
1026:Alionycteris
1024:
1012:
1003:
983:
972:Cynopterinae
945:
936:
924:
913:N. vizcaccia
912:
904:N. robinsoni
903:
894:
885:
876:
867:
858:
849:
840:
831:
822:
813:
804:
795:
775:
764:Nyctimeninae
740:Superorder:
734:Infraclass:
706:Pteropodidae
655:
651:
645:
628:
624:
618:
591:
587:
577:
568:
564:
537:
530:
518:. Retrieved
504:
498:
492:
444:
441:Conservation
420:
390:
384:
371:
361:
357:
347:
342:. The small
337:
328:
312:
311:, naming it
298:
285:Sierra Leone
247:
246:
242:
241:
229:
189:
187:
171:
170:
158:
148:Pteropodidae
29:
3610:iNaturalist
3556:Wikispecies
3469:C. ophiodon
3451:C. argynnis
3377:M. torquata
3340:Myonycteris
3233:M. pusillus
3091:E. labiatus
3027:Epomophorus
2791:Rousettinae
2765:S. wallacei
2705:P. vampyrus
2678:P. tonganus
2606:P. rennelli
2518:P. ocularis
2428:P. macrotis
2383:P. keyensis
2356:P. howensis
2329:P. fundatus
2320:P. faunulus
2275:P. cognatus
2248:P. caniceps
2239:P. aruensis
1993:Desmalopex
1980:A. mackloti
1971:A. leucotis
1794:M. melanops
1761:M. sobrinus
1571:D. chapmani
1521:A. bulmerae
1388:Ptenochirus
1340:Otopteropus
1327:M. wetmorei
1318:M. niphanae
1309:M. kusnotoi
1252:H. fischeri
1219:D. rickarti
1191:Dyacopterus
1061:B. maculata
1004:A. aequalis
832:N. cyclotis
520:16 November
435:Mount Nimba
411:wet seasons
395:Ivory Coast
368:Description
309:Epomophorus
257:Ivory Coast
3790:Categories
3733:Q109647279
3493:S. zenkeri
3368:M. relicta
3318:M. azagnyi
3159:E. dobsoni
3100:E. minimus
3082:E. grandis
3055:E. anselli
3003:Subfamily
2970:R. lanosus
2841:E. robusta
2832:E. spelaea
2804:Eonycteris
2789:Subfamily
2714:P. vetulus
2696:P. ualanus
2597:P. rayneri
2588:P. pumilus
2527:P. ornatus
2347:P. griseus
2311:P. ennisae
2153:P. pulchra
2115:Pteralopex
1962:A. jubatus
1953:A. humilis
1918:Subfamily
1816:Notopteris
1752:M. minimus
1718:Subfamily
1661:D. viridis
1643:D. peronii
1607:D. inermis
1598:D. exoleta
1495:Subfamily
1453:Thoopterus
1210:D. brooksi
1151:C. minutus
1105:Cynopterus
970:Subfamily
886:N. minutus
877:N. masalai
823:N. certans
762:Subfamily
748:Chiroptera
565:Beaufortia
469:References
451:vulnerable
431:its family
333:morphology
138:Chiroptera
3393:Plerotini
2961:Subgenus
2891:Rousettus
2889:Subgenus
2880:R. bidens
2871:Subgenus
2854:Rousettus
2561:P. pohlei
2455:P. medius
2212:P. alecto
2135:P. atrata
2126:P. anceps
2102:N. frosti
2091:Neopteryx
2054:E. helvum
1894:S. hobbit
1589:D. emersa
1510:Aproteles
1429:Sphaerias
1407:P. jagori
1375:P. lucasi
1364:Penthetor
1289:Megaerops
1169:C. sphinx
1013:A. alecto
985:Aethalops
937:P. raptor
895:N. rabori
850:N. keasti
777:Nyctimene
716:Kingdom:
354:monotypic
301:described
166:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
3727:Wikidata
3680:13800121
3628:11085760
3541:Wikidata
3403:Plerotes
3109:E. minor
2823:E. major
2624:P. rufus
2500:P. niger
2419:P. lylei
2175:Pteropus
2067:Mirimiri
1933:Acerodon
1616:D. minor
1534:Dobsonia
1416:P. minor
1265:Latidens
1081:Chironax
946:P. tenax
859:N. major
796:N. aello
736:Eutheria
730:Mammalia
724:Chordata
722:Phylum:
718:Animalia
610:27746072
463:bushmeat
403:Juvenile
387:Cape fig
317:holotype
221:Synonyms
198:Matschie
144:Family:
128:Mammalia
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
3801:Epomops
3760:8002861
3706:3613510
3693:1410044
3667:1004527
3602:2432803
3547:Q305728
3131:Epomops
2293:P. coxi
2162:P. taki
2026:Eidolon
746:Order:
728:Class:
407:Liberia
381:Biology
349:Epomops
299:It was
289:savanna
281:Senegal
277:Nigeria
273:Liberia
253:megabat
200:, 1899)
159:Epomops
154:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
3773:946859
3641:631576
3589:327343
2873:Boneia
608:
315:. The
283:, and
265:Guinea
3747:6G8XY
3623:IRMNG
3615:40806
3576:6FWY5
427:Ghana
375:molar
261:Ghana
3768:ITIS
3755:GBIF
3688:NCBI
3654:7907
3649:IUCN
3636:ITIS
3597:GBIF
606:PMID
522:2021
505:2016
447:IUCN
389:and
3742:CoL
3675:MSW
3662:MDD
3584:EoL
3571:CoL
660:doi
633:doi
596:doi
592:339
509:doi
352:is
3792::
3770::
3757::
3744::
3729::
3703::
3690::
3677::
3664::
3651::
3638::
3625::
3612::
3599::
3586::
3573::
3558::
3543::
2966::
2894::
2876::
656:32
654:.
629:57
627:.
604:.
590:.
586:.
569:23
567:.
563:.
547:^
503:.
497:.
477:^
437:.
413:.
291:.
279:,
275:,
271:,
267:,
263:,
259:,
3495:)
3471:)
3462:)
3453:)
3416:)
3379:)
3370:)
3361:)
3329:)
3320:)
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2196:)
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2080:)
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2015:)
2006:)
1982:)
1973:)
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1946:)
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843:)
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807:)
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697:e
690:t
683:v
666:.
662::
639:.
635::
612:.
598::
524:.
511::
495:"
491:"
327:(
245:(
196:(
73:)
20:)
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