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721:. The instrument plays in a lower register. The sound can be described as powerful, heroic, and substantial. The notes in this register come off as rounded and full. This register can go as low as C4. These notes come off as distinct, strong, and eerie. They are often used to help depict battle stories. The powerful, distinct notes in this register make this instrument useful for events and ceremonies. They are able to attract attention and employ feelings of royalty and power.
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begins to lose its character as a war instrument to become a messenger and instrument of protocol. As an instrument of heraldry it took on courtly character in
European courts. Progressively, the long tube of the anafil began to curve, and in the Renaissance it continues to curve in the shape of an
716:
to change pitches chromatically. This limited players to only set notes given within a specific harmonic series. The buisine makes a loud, buzzing sound which makes them so popular for events and ceremonies. The buisine, unlike coiled trumpets, sends vibration through the tube uninterrupted. This
333:
that can be described as medieval trumpets. Historians believe that the advancement of trumpets came from a variety of people. The use of animal horns were used as instruments in
Oriental and Roman cultures. Advanced craftsman used these concepts to design the first metal instruments.
747:
460:
520:
192:, a Roman military horn. The horn was mainly used for military and ceremonial purposes. When Europeans went to the crusades, the instrument was seen as a proper military target (in the same way a flag or pendant was), something to capture and bring home.
504:
273:, it had a very long and slender body, usually one to two metres in length (some were reported to have been at least six feet in length) that tapered toward the end into a slightly flared bell. It is commonly seen in paintings being played by
292:, and it was probably a general term for horns and trumpets rather than referring to a specific instrument. Early trumpets were slightly curved, but the term was applied c1300 to straight trumpets imported from the Middle East during the
432:
413:, and was gradually assimilated by the new trumpets and bagpipes. In the 19th century this metal wind instrument incorporates keys and pistons that give it the appearance and functionality of today's metal instruments.
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281:. These instruments would serve as a sort of timekeeper to announce events and meetings. Their long, tubed shape would allow them to hang flags and banners, which made them popular for events and ceremonies.
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usually made of metal, also called a herald's trumpet. While arguably the same instrument, the two names represent two separate traditions, in which a
Persian-Arabic-Turkic instrument called the
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213:
was part of the nation's language. The image that is among Europe's earliest representation of the instrument came from this tradition, in the 13th century
Spanish work, the
816:
Ells feriren en l'estol dels moros ab l'esclafit tan gran de les trompetes e anafils e botzines e crits, Tirant, cap. 403....Etim.: del persa-à rab an-nafīr 'la trompeta'
382:, was also popular during these times. The clarion plays in the same register as its counterparts, but plays in a higher pitch due to its smaller structure. The Roman
919:
83:
in multiple importations to Europe. Arabs brought to Spain, and
Crusaders from France and other Christian countries brought instruments home as war trophies.
353:, since the Andalusian Arabs used it to execute the sharp parts of the fanfares and military touches. Later, it was introduced to Europe by the
1615:
717:
results in a louder sound as well as the sound appearing to come from a distance. The sound of buisine can be compared to that of a military
71:– There are no means of changing the pitch apart from the player's lips; end-blown trumpets – The mouth-hole faces the axis of the trumpet.)
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At present it is a unique and characteristic instrument of the processions of the Semana Santa de Cabra (CĂłrdoba), where it is called
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first appeared in
Southern Italy in the 11th century. It was introduced in two forms; one with a conical, curved tube called the
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402:"S" and twist into loops. By the early 1400s it had shifted into a double coiled S-shape, in one form being called the
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205:, the Persian-Arab Islamic trumpet which was used by Moorish armies in Spain, before the Crusades. By the
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made by Johann
Wilhelm Haas (German, Nuremberg 1649–1723), late 17th century. The next stage of the long
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is referenced as the forerunner of all brass instruments. The brass instrument known as the
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and often also bearing the banner of a nobleman. As the herald's trumpet was widely used in
68:
53:
41:
843:
Bowles, E.A. (1961). "Unterscheidung der
Instrumente Buisine, Cor, Trompe, und Trompette".
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Angel from
Petersboro Psalter playing a long trumpet or possibly a shawm. 1320 A.D.
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Buisine player and religious figure, Manuscript of Saint-Esprit. 1450-1460 A.D.
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The Seven Angels with the
Trumpets, from The Apocalypse, Latin Edition, 1511
209:(722–1492) when residents of the future Spain retook the Iberian Peninsula,
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Unlike modern day trumpets, the buisine does not have piston or rotary
578: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
372:, and one with a straight, cylindrical shape. A smaller version of the
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Spanish trumpeters play the buisine or añafil. Illustration from the
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Great Encyclopedia of Music . Barcelona: Enciclopèdia Catalana, 1999.
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Great Encyclopedia of Music . Barcelona: Enciclopèdia Catalana, 1999.
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684:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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There were multiple different instruments that were used in the
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An angel plays the 7th trumpet, an añafil, in adoration of God
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was introduced to the Iberian Peninsula at the time of the
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entered European culture in different places and times.
673:
897:
The New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments Online
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Mauricio Molina (2014). "Añafil (Sp.; Port. anafir)".
490:(Apocalypse). Angel sounding the second trumpet in an
795:"Buisine | musical instrument | Britannica"
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357:armies and the Christian armies of the Crusades.
349:,. and maintained for centuries the name Moorish
386:was popular in Europe and the Orient, while the
514:dates from the second half of the 13th century.
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510:Trumpet-playing member of the Angel Choir at
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442:(the 2nd trumpet) and fire rains on the sea.
325:Buisine trumpets, drums, Italy, 14th century
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918:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
906:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.L2261305
420:(bumblebee). Its modern equivalent is the
700:Learn how and when to remove this message
638:Learn how and when to remove this message
438:Cloisters Apocalypse, an angel sounds an
236:miniature, circa 1330. An angel plays an
394:were mostly used in England and France.
828:Brown, Howard Mayer (2000). "Buisine".
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943:"History 1 - Vienna Symphonic Library"
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154:were variations of a type of straight
18:
811:Catalan-Valencian-Balearic dictionary
760:was to bend them to be more compact.
299:The modern German word for trombone,
7:
576:adding citations to reliable sources
409:It evolved until it merged with the
900:. London: MacMillan Press Limited.
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814:. Institute of Catalan Studies.
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397:From the late Middle Ages, the
61:Hornbostel–Sachs classification
240:, and fire rains on the earth.
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16:Type of long medieval trumpet
1616:Medieval musical instruments
846:Archiv fĂĽr Musikwissenschaft
288:is first found in the c1100
680:the claims made and adding
494:-themed painting, using a
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267:is precursor of today's
1015:Encyclopædia Britannica
216:Cantigas de Santa Maria
33:Cantigas de Santa Maria
980:"The Medieval Trumpet"
957:"The Medieval Trumpet"
881:"The Medieval Trumpet"
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1565:GuÄŤa Trumpet Festival
466:The Seventh Trumpet (
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725:Possible descendants
572:improve this article
486:, 14th century by
234:Cloisters Apocalypse
488:Giusto de' Menabuoi
174:(Old French; also,
134:Sound of the Añafil
89:Related instruments
79:Developed from the
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1494:Arban method
1414:Mute cornett
1281:Tube trumpet
1266:Tibetan horn
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853:(1): 52–72.
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121:Sound sample
32:
1291:Waqra phuku
331:Middle Ages
207:Reconquista
1605:Categories
1585:Trumpeters
1575:Repertoire
1529:Embouchure
1524:Mouthpiece
1436:Flugelhorn
1409:Cornettino
1354:Contrabass
1239:Roman tuba
1168:Embouchure
1151:Didgeridoo
808:"Anafil".
781:References
674:improve it
598:newspapers
492:apocalypse
347:Al-Andalus
309:by way of
1580:Concertos
1482:technique
1480:Parts and
1461:Post horn
1271:Tochacatl
1229:Post horn
1122:Hakgediya
1097:Bukkehorn
678:verifying
587:"Buisine"
284:The term
195:The term
170:The term
76:Developed
1431:Firebird
1377:Variants
1362:Standard
1349:By range
1338:Trumpets
1286:Vuvuzela
1276:Trembita
1234:Ramsinga
1102:Chazozra
1056:trumpets
418:abejorro
294:Crusades
279:Fanfares
202:al-Nafir
156:medieval
148:and the
1570:History
1466:Salpinx
1451:Natural
1441:Flumpet
1426:Fanfare
1404:Cornett
1394:Clarion
1370:Piccolo
1366:Soprano
1342:cornets
1244:Salpinx
1224:Olifant
1144:Swedish
1139:Cowhorn
1127:Horagai
1112:Clarion
1092:Buisine
1077:Buccina
1067:Alphorn
1011:Buisine
773:Clarion
672:Please
612:scholar
496:buisine
405:clarion
392:clarion
388:buisine
379:clarion
374:buisine
362:buisine
355:Saracen
317:History
307:buisine
302:Posaune
286:buisine
261:buisine
189:Buccina
180:buysine
172:buisine
159:trumpet
145:buisine
98:Clarion
65:423.121
1549:Rotary
1544:Piston
1489:Action
1456:Pocket
1399:Cornet
1261:Sringa
1249:Shofar
1192:Lituus
1187:Karnay
1182:Karnal
1170:&
1156:modern
1107:Carnyx
1082:Bucium
867:930018
865:
714:valves
614:
607:
600:
593:
585:
468:añafil
440:añafil
399:anafil
366:busine
339:anafil
311:busaun
275:angels
265:añafil
238:añafil
211:añafil
197:añafil
184:buzine
176:busine
151:añafil
1558:Other
1539:Valve
1534:Muted
1519:Keyed
1509:Crook
1471:Slide
1389:Bugle
1384:Birch
1368:>
1364:>
1360:>
1356:>
1296:Wazza
1219:Nyele
1214:Nafir
1132:Nagak
1117:Conch
1087:Bugle
863:JSTOR
719:bugle
619:JSTOR
605:books
544:Sound
423:nafīr
384:cornu
370:Cornu
351:nafil
164:Nafir
108:Nafir
81:nafir
54:Brass
1590:Jazz
1499:Bore
1358:Bass
1340:and
1177:Erke
1163:Dord
1054:and
920:link
591:news
390:and
360:The
337:The
259:The
142:The
1446:Lur
1197:Lur
902:doi
855:doi
676:by
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