5383:
953:
nominal class pronoun. In contrast, the first and second person pronouns are formed by a strong or weak person pronoun form. In general, these pronouns show number agreement. Moreover, the topic forms not only express person and number, but also gives rise to the differentiation between the five singular and four plural forms of the noun class system.
4215:
Negation in Buli is expressed by two negative markers, one occurs preverbally and the other one postverbally. The first example below illustrates negation in the perfective, while the second example illustrates negation in the imperfective. In both examples, there is a preverbal negative marker and a
952:
In Buli, there is a distinction between speaker, hearer and topic. The speaker corresponds to the first person, while the hearer is second person. Topic on the other hand refers to the third person, but is treated differently from first and second person in that the third person form corresponds to a
831:
There are four singular classes and five plural classes. While the singular class identifiers are not markers of number, the plural markers mark number. This classification is based on semantics rather than morphology. Items in class one are and the suffixes do not mark number, but they mostly serve
4145:
and also has an emphatic function. In
Schwarz (2005), the use of this particle is described as the use of emphasis on the subject, which is characterized to a particular degree by the facts predicated on it as standing out from the crowd of potential alternatives. In the examples below this particle
3648:
The verbal system in Buli is characterized by tonal inflection and relatively simple segmental verb morphology. Most of the verbs have a single segmental basic form, to which either a preverbal or postverbal particle is added and a specific tone in order to mark different aspects, modes, affirmation
1680:
is used, which can either follow the strong form of a pronoun or it can clitically bind with the deficient form of a pronoun. The strong form is used in order to express logophoric reference, while the deficient form is used in cases, in which the agent and the patient of a predicate are coreferent.
4342:
The following table gives an overview of the preverbal negative markers, that appear between the subject and the negated verb. The negative markers for the imperative II and the future tense differ only in tones, such that in the imperative II the tone on the vowel is low and the tone on the end is
4016:
expresses assertion and is used in cases in which there is no preverbal particle, thus in perfective aspect. In contrast to the preverbal particles, this postverbal particle has to attach to the verb and cannot appear as an independent particle. The following example illustrates that the speaker
3475:
Buli has a strict SVO word order with optional focus/wh-movement and no pro-drop. In the following an intransitive clause with an adverb is given, a transitive clause with an adverb and the word order paradigm in an embedded clause. All examples confirm the basic word order of SVO.
2347:
is used. This demonstrative form is also formed by a noun class pronoun, to which the demonstrative also adjoins as a suffix. This demonstrative can be translated to that. An overview of these forms is given in the table below and an example for a context in which the demonstrative
956:
There is a distinction between strong and deficient (weak) pronouns which differ in their tonal appearance. The strong forms have a high tone, whereas the deficient forms have a low tone. An overview of the inventory of the personal pronouns in Buli is given in the table below.
1369:
Furthermore, the person pronouns shown in the table above can also be used as possessive pronouns, meaning that they are homonymous. The example below shows that the possessive pronoun can either appear as an independent element or it can be clitically bound with the noun.
4017:
expresses a particularly surprising aspect of the facts. Moreover, predicates marked with this particle are used by speakers as an unexpected or unforeseeable change of situation, occasionally also adverbially translated as 'just now', 'immediately' or 'suddenly'.
4421:
All negated predicates in Buli have a hart glottal stop at the end of the clause. This glottal stop stresses the negation at the end of the clause and thus functions as a second negative marker. Note that this glottal stop is not always included in the glossing.
4083:). It seems that this particle expresses verum focus, but according to Schwarz (2005) it is an outstanding issue to investigate whether varying positions of the particle in the clause lead to semantic-pragmatic effects.
4078:
seems to be an element with unknown function.1 The emphatic function of this particle is to establish a relation between a truth value of a proposition and an expression from the previous context of the discourse, (i.e.
2254:
For this demonstrative form there exists also a second more complex form, actually. The basis of the form comes from a noun class pronoun, to which the demonstrative is adjoined as a suffix and the morphem
1477:
Pronouns that refer to entities, independent of a verbal predicate, always have to appear in the strong form. In these contexts, there is no possible option of cliticalization, because the focus marker
210:. Chuchuliga has specific morphological features such as the lack of diphthongs, a richer nominal morphology and the lack of low tones, which are similar to other varieties of Buli. According to
4343:
high, while in the future tense it is the exact opposite. The form of the indicative II is the form that deviates the most from the other forms. According to
Schwarz (1999), the negative marker
635:
There are three tonal levels in Buli, i.e. high, mid and low, and the tone phenomena are very complex. Words deviate from their basic tonal patterns when they occur in a syntactic schema.
3292:("time") and the question word for what. Another and more precise form like "which day/ month/...?" can be formed by the interrogative form for "which" and a noun like "day", as
2853:
The interrogative form can also combine with the strong form of the personal pronouns from the noun classes in order to function as an adnominal quantifier of a preceding noun.
194:
The Buli dialects are not well researched and claims about these dialects are therefore inconsistent. One dialect is
Chuchuliga, spoken in the northern part of Ghana close to
2031:
expressing reflexivity in a construction with a pronoun can also be used in reciprocal contexts. In order to disambiguate the expression, the reciprocal nominal element
5700:
6370:
4413:
Contrary to preverbal negative markers, it is not obligatory for postverbal negative markers to show up. These rather stress the negated clause.
513:
476:
353:
6611:
1120:
Interestingly, for the first and second person pronouns in singular there are three different forms. The pronouns in deficient form
594:
7046:
5162:
In ex situ, in situ and embedded questions it is possible to have more than one question word. In multiple questions, the particle
5693:
339:
3657:
Preverbal particles mainly mark aspect and polarity. Note that the absence of a preverbal particle indicates perfective aspect.
397:
578:
418:
304:
1136:
can only serve as subjects. The pronouns in strong form on the other hand can appear in both subject and object position.
586:
383:
3681:
is used in the indicative. In the example below this particle thus occurs in subjunctive or in indicative, respectively.
3288:
For the temporal interrogative pronoun there exist several forms in Buli. One form is a compound consisting of the noun
2145:
is used in contexts, in which an entity to which the pronoun refers to is visible. The form itself can be translated to
601:
447:
425:
188:
144:
7051:
6363:
5686:
554:
6966:
1482:
as the only preceding element does not obligatorily need to be present. The following examples illustrate this fact.
618:
505:
332:
325:
60:
454:
563:
6396:
79:
7005:
6241:
5739:
3823:
marks future tense. It can either attach to a preceding pronoun or it can occur as an independent particle.
376:
369:
346:
6528:
6356:
6236:
5382:
263:
218:, which is spoken in the districts of Nangurima and Yikpabongo. Moreover, Buli is lexically similar with
6646:
6387:
6246:
6206:
6132:
6077:
498:
283:
276:
4620:
can optionally precede the question word. Note that this particle is homonymous with the focus marker
6898:
6847:
6702:
2765:
is used. It can either appear with the focus marker only or preceded by a substantive as antecedent.
390:
290:
4616:
Questions that exhibit the question word ex situ are formed by the order QVO, in which the particle
6712:
6692:
6512:
6312:
6137:
6062:
5989:
5645:
Sulemana, Abdul-Razak (2019). "Q-particles and the nature of covert movement: Evidence from Buli".
411:
318:
4760:
obligatorily precedes the question word or the phrase containing the question word, respectively.
66:
6883:
6616:
5709:
297:
248:
5001:
In embedded questions the question word remains in situ and is embedded via the complementizer
2343:
In contexts, in which the entity to which the demonstrative refers to is not visible, the form
6938:
6842:
6753:
6631:
6533:
6502:
6482:
6317:
6057:
5974:
5959:
5919:
5904:
468:
253:
219:
184:
6984:
6951:
6946:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6873:
6857:
6827:
6783:
6748:
6738:
6728:
6548:
6472:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6421:
6416:
6327:
6307:
6287:
6277:
6272:
6262:
6170:
6052:
6042:
6032:
5964:
5954:
5899:
5859:
5849:
5794:
5789:
5723:
832:
as determiners. The items in all other classes are and their plural suffixes mark number.
440:
362:
243:
7000:
6979:
6956:
6893:
6888:
6852:
6808:
6743:
6697:
6661:
6553:
6543:
6477:
6467:
6457:
6332:
6322:
6302:
6297:
6282:
6267:
6216:
6180:
6162:
6127:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6047:
6022:
5944:
5914:
5894:
5889:
5879:
5819:
5799:
5770:
4628:
obligatorily follows the subject wh-phrase, whereas in non-subject questions the particle
2259:
is optionally prepended. An overview of the demonstrative noun class pronouns formed with
258:
180:
52:
3944:
is a preverbal negative marker. Similarly to the tone pattern of the preverbal particle
7020:
7015:
7010:
6974:
6793:
6788:
6763:
6758:
6671:
6651:
6606:
6579:
6574:
6507:
6497:
6492:
6462:
6426:
6411:
6337:
6292:
6201:
6175:
6142:
6122:
6112:
6107:
6087:
6067:
6037:
6017:
5994:
5984:
5969:
5939:
5934:
5909:
5884:
5864:
5824:
5814:
5765:
5755:
312:
215:
199:
136:
7040:
7025:
6803:
6798:
6707:
6666:
6656:
6621:
6598:
6538:
6379:
6196:
6147:
6117:
6082:
6027:
6009:
5999:
5949:
5924:
5874:
5841:
5782:
5005:, which only occurs in embedded contexts. In declarative contexts the complementizer
3190:. The former relates to locations of entities, while the latter is used adverbially.
2247:
3PL.CL1-LOC.be.there-IPFV hit dance.PL:DEF master:DEF.there CONJ immediately pass ...
536:
203:
71:
5673:
6878:
6813:
6733:
6676:
6584:
6152:
6072:
5979:
5869:
5804:
5775:
5587:
207:
172:
149:
5809:
531:
490:
5663:
5340:
Buli-English dictionary: with an introductory grammar and an index
English-Buli
5375:
4347:
is associated with a verb in the perfective aspect, while the negative marker
2702:
The singular and plural forms of the first noun class interrogative pronouns (
548:
541:
270:
211:
5370:
5552:
610:
572:
405:
129:
113:
5668:
5528:
5342:(Forschungen zu Sprachen und Kulturen Afrikas, Bd. 1). Münster: Lit, 1992.
120:
6487:
6211:
5929:
4551:
4494:
4285:
4228:
4179:
4154:
3979:
3563:
3234:
3198:
3125:
3084:
3059:
2997:
2972:
1593:
1562:
1189:
1164:
195:
5346:
4430:
4102:
4091:
3964:
3952:
has a high tone on the vowel, while in the indicative it has a low tone
3484:
2509:
1910:
1892:
1867:
1849:
1531:
1500:
1431:
1378:
1353:
1300:
1279:
1226:
1185:
1160:
2935:, which can either form a compound or which modifies a following noun.
4756:
In questions, in which the question word occurs in situ, the particle
4025:
4004:
Postverbal particles in Buli mainly express affirmation and negation.
3861:
3834:
2435:
2157:
2097:
2068:
2043:
1974:
1949:
1655:
1624:
214:, Buli does not show dialectal variation and is reportedly similar to
5678:
5096:
4066:
This particle expresses affirmation. Interestingly, the focus marker
3771:
3238:
3063:
2976:
2534:
2169:
4587:
4561:
4530:
4504:
4461:
4438:
4321:
4295:
4264:
4238:
3983:
3968:
2250:„While they drummed to the dance, the teacher immediately came ...“
2108:
1681:
An overview of the reflexive pronouns is given in the table below.
4045:
2902:
2618:
is formed by the pronoun form of the noun classes with the suffix
2427:
The demonstrative can also form a compound with a preceding noun.
176:
35:
4216:
postverbal one, similar to other negation systems like in French
3424:
3395:
3369:
3340:
3140:
2732:
2569:
2465:
6348:
1676:
In order to express reflexivity in Buli, an additional particle
6352:
5682:
5282:
5227:
5190:
5133:
5059:
4972:
4905:
4835:
4787:
4698:
4640:
4457:
3857:
3790:
3755:
3725:
3690:
2879:
2862:
2584:
2520:
2188:
2165:
1452:
1406:
5760:
5609:(Ph.D.thesis ed.). Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
5107:
5033:
3907:
3838:
1998:
4116:
3600:
3449:
3428:
3399:
3344:
3326:
3267:
3213:
3161:
3088:
3074:
3049:
3001:
2987:
2962:
2906:
2891:
2837:
2784:
2736:
2443:
2214:
2149:. The pronoun is adjoined to the definite noun as a suffix.
1964:
1442:
1396:
4482:
For reasons of completeness, the postverbal negative marker
3869:
3759:
3694:
3525:
3202:
2573:
2524:
2480:
2469:
1456:
1410:
4146:
stresses the property of being late and having a big nose.
3673:
marks imperfective aspect. In the subjunctive the particle
2076:
1988:
1920:
1871:
5300:
5245:
4954:
4935:
4895:
4876:
4854:
4817:
4769:
4727:
4716:
4677:
4658:
4194:
4183:
4158:
4041:
3895:
3794:
3729:
3627:
3113:, that appears in a position preceded by the focus marker
2806:
2710:. Note that the abbreviation INT denotes interrogativity.
2203:
2192:
2129:
In general, there are two demonstrative pronouns in Buli,
4434:
4106:
4029:
3865:
3706:
3420:
3391:
3365:
3336:
3136:
2875:
2728:
2565:
2461:
2439:
2161:
2072:
2047:
1978:
1953:
206:
spoken in the Upper East Region of northern Ghana and in
3552:
3495:
3438:
3380:
3308:
3256:
3150:
3097:
FOC what song &:CONJ 2SG.IPFV say.COMP 2SG-sing.INT
3022:
3010:
FOC song-what &:CONJ 2SG.IPFV say.COMP 2SG-sing.INT
2943:
2826:
2773:
2718:
2552:
2058:
1645:
1614:
1583:
1552:
1521:
1490:
1128:
can only appear in object function, while the pronouns
5590:; Abubakari, Hasiyatu; Issah, Samuel Alhassan (2020).
5517:(Ph.D. thesis ed.). Berlin: Humboldt-Universität.
5347:"Sources for a History of the Bulsa in Northern Ghana"
2761:, the interrogative form of the second class singular
4141:
is formally identical with the demonstrative pronoun
2597:
1SG child.PL:DET IPFV like FOC song-CL2.SG:DET sing.N
2706:) are used as the question word for human referents
6993:
6965:
6937:
6907:
6866:
6835:
6826:
6776:
6721:
6685:
6639:
6630:
6597:
6562:
6521:
6435:
6404:
6395:
6386:
6255:
6229:
6189:
6161:
6008:
5840:
5833:
5748:
5732:
5716:
886:dependent entities (body parts, fruits, languages)
143:
127:
111:
106:
49:
41:
31:
21:
2846:Thing-pretty:DEF.here & sell-FOC how.much.INT
2244:Bà-bòrà-ā nāg gɔgtàŋā máástàwàdɛ nē dèrì tààm ...
5607:Non-finite Complementation: A case study of Bùli
3300:, which refers to a more general point in time.
4632:immediately follows the non-subject wh-phrase.
5515:Aspekte der Morphosyntax und Tonologie im Buli
2919:man.PL CL1.PL-how.many &:CONJ come:ASS.INT
936:trees, body parts. animals, liquids, abstract
920:animals, instruments, mass and abstract nouns
6364:
5694:
5592:Handbook of the Mabia Languages of Wes Africa
3677:is used, while its counterpart with low tone
8:
3948:, in the subjunctive the preverbal particle
3182:There are two local question words in Buli,
5166:precedes the highest wh-containing phrase.
2018:„They said that they themselves will come."
6832:
6636:
6401:
6392:
6371:
6357:
6349:
5837:
5701:
5687:
5679:
18:
4351:is associated with imperfective aspect.
3810:„The people should tie the cows (again).“
3745:„The people should tie the cows (again).“
2497:3PL.CL1-CONJ do CL2.SG:DET finish-DET ...
4353:
3639:„Asibi said that Asouk cooked the meat.“
2624:
2600:„My children love to the sing the song.“
2354:
2265:
1683:
959:
834:
637:
525:
237:
5363:
3296:. Alternatively, there is a third form
5351:Paideuma: Mitteilungen zur Kulturkunde
5150:Mary IPFV-wonder SUBR John cook Q what
2015:3PL.CL1-say COMP 3PL.CL1 REFL FUT come
948:Personal Pronouns/ Possessive Pronouns
5640:
5638:
5636:
5508:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5500:
5498:
5496:
5494:
5492:
5490:
5488:
5486:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5478:
5476:
5474:
5472:
5470:
5468:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5460:
5458:
5456:
5454:
5452:
5450:
5448:
5446:
5444:
5442:
5440:
5438:
5436:
5434:
5432:
5430:
5428:
5426:
5424:
5422:
5420:
5418:
5416:
5414:
5412:
4070:seems to be contained in the morphem
3572:Person:DET sit himself.next (FOC) 2SG
3109:The interrogative pronoun for how is
7:
5634:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5626:
5624:
5622:
5620:
5618:
5616:
5582:
5580:
5578:
5576:
5574:
5572:
5410:
5408:
5406:
5404:
5402:
5400:
5398:
5396:
5394:
5392:
5153:„Mary wonders what John has cooked.“
4925:„Where did the child cook the meat?“
4624:. In subject questions the particle
3408:CL1.SG-come FOC day-CL2.SG.which.INT
5674:The VP-periphery in Mabia languages
4747:„What is it that the child cooked?“
2931:The interrogative form for what is
191:language and has 200 000 speakers.
5353:, Bd. 23 (1977), pp. 141–168.
5147:Mary à-bā āsī John dìg *(ká) bwāː.
5079:„Mary asked what John has cooked.“
4992:„Who did the child cook meat for?“
4989:child.DEF cook meat.DEF give Q who
3885:„We will inform the other people.“
3882:1PL-FUT say Person-DEM.3PL.CL1:DET
3636:Asibi say COMP Asouk cook meat.DEF
3100:„What song are you going to sing?“
3013:„What song are you going to sing?“
159:The Distribution of Buli Speakers.
14:
5073:Mary bèg āsī John dìg *(ká) bwāː.
4866:„Who did the child give meat to?“
3807:Person.PL:DET IPFV tie cow.PL:DEF
3742:Person.PL:DET SUBJ tie cow.PL:DEF
3633:Asibi wìen āyīn Asouk dìgì làmmú.
3353:FOC time-what CONJ CL1.SG-die.INT
3094:Ká bɔàn yìīlì àtè fàà wōŋ fì-yīī?
2088:„They hit themselves/each other.“
617:
600:
593:
585:
577:
562:
553:
504:
497:
475:
453:
446:
424:
417:
396:
389:
382:
375:
368:
352:
345:
338:
331:
324:
303:
296:
289:
282:
275:
5381:
3995:„I will not say goodbye to you.“
2849:„How much is this pretty thing?“
2035:can be used in object position.
817:"Ateng was going to the market."
198:. This dialect is influenced by
4986:Bíːká dìg lāmmú tē *(ká) wānā:?
4922:child.DEF cook meat.DEF Q where
903:ethnonyms, trees, diminuitives
789:"Ateng is going to the market."
5605:Sulemana, Abdul-Razak (2021).
5076:Mary ask SUBR John cook Q what
2614:The interrogative pronoun for
2500:„After they finished that ...“
1:
4863:child.DEF give Q who meat.DEF
3007:Ká yí-bɔà àtè fàà wōŋ fì-yīī?
5328:„What is it that who cooks?“
4741:(Ká) bwā *(ātì) bíːká dìgìː?
4683:(Ká) wānā *(ālì) dìg lāmmúː?
4473:„He will not die this year.“
4470:3SG.CL1-NEG die year.DEM.NEG
3575:„The man lives next to you.“
2085:3PL.CL1-hit FOC 3PL.CL1-REFL
2012:Bà-wèènì àyēn bá dék lè jām.
4919:Bíːká dìg lāmmú *(ká) bɛ̄ː?
4860:Bíːká tè *(ká) wānā lāmmúː?
4542:„You didn't cook the meat.“
4409:Postverbal negative markers
4276:„You didn't cook the meat.“
3992:1SG-NEG say.goodbye-2SG.NEG
3458:CL1.SG-die.INT FOC when.INT
3279:„Where are you going (to)?“
2843:Jà-nàlìŋkàdɛ à da-ká dìnàà?
2352:is used is given as well.
7068:
5594:. Glienicke: Galda Verlag.
4807:„What did the child cook?“
4599:„You don't cook the meat.“
4338:Preverbal negative markers
4333:„You don't cook the meat.“
3569:Núrúwá kàlì mɔātī (ká) fì.
5669:Web version of Ethnologue
5218:„Who did John give what?“
4744:Q what PTC child.DEF cook
4054:3PL.CL1-trim tree:DEF-ASS
3276:2SG.IPFV go FOC where.INT
3170:2SG do-CL4.SG FOC how.INT
614:
552:
530:
489:
467:
404:
311:
269:
240:
187:of the country. It is an
26:
5345:Schott, Rüdiger (1977).
5322:(Ká) bwā ātì wānā dìgìː?
4486:is listed here as well.
4206:„Your nose is very big.“
4137:The postverbal particle
4057:„They trimmed the tree.“
4012:The postverbal particle
3940:This preverbal particle
2494:Bà-nē ɲɛ dílá nùè-lā ...
1937:1SG rise 1SG REFL get.up
179:primarily spoken in the
6242:Adamorobe Sign Language
5740:Ghanaian Pidgin English
5314:
5306:
5296:
5288:
5278:
5267:(Ká) wānā ālì dìg bwāː?
5259:
5251:
5241:
5233:
5223:
5204:
5196:
5186:
5178:
5170:
5139:
5129:
5121:
5113:
5103:
5092:
5084:
5065:
5055:
5047:
5039:
5029:
5021:
5013:
4978:
4968:
4960:
4949:
4941:
4930:
4911:
4901:
4890:
4882:
4871:
4849:
4841:
4831:
4823:
4812:
4793:
4783:
4775:
4764:
4733:
4722:
4712:
4704:
4694:
4686:Q who PTC cook meat.DEF
4672:
4664:
4654:
4646:
4636:
4583:
4575:
4567:
4557:
4547:
4526:
4518:
4510:
4500:
4490:
4452:
4444:
4426:
4417:Postverbal Glottal Stop
4317:
4309:
4301:
4291:
4281:
4260:
4252:
4244:
4234:
4224:
4189:
4175:
4150:
4112:
4097:
4087:
4036:
4021:
3974:
3960:
3931:„The tree will be cut.“
3913:
3901:
3890:
3852:
3844:
3827:
3819:The preverbal particle
3785:
3777:
3765:
3750:
3720:
3712:
3700:
3685:
3665:The preverbal particle
3622:
3614:
3606:
3596:
3588:
3580:
3559:
3547:
3539:
3531:
3520:
3501:
3490:
3480:
3444:
3434:
3416:
3386:
3376:
3361:
3332:
3322:
3314:
3304:
3262:
3252:
3244:
3230:
3222:2SG-house:DET where.INT
3208:
3194:
3156:
3146:
3131:
3121:
3080:
3069:
3055:
3044:
3036:
3028:
3018:
2993:
2982:
2968:
2957:
2949:
2939:
2897:
2886:
2868:
2857:
2832:
2821:
2813:
2801:
2779:
2769:
2724:
2714:
2579:
2558:
2548:
2540:
2530:
2515:
2505:
2486:
2475:
2457:
2449:
2431:
2236:
2228:
2220:
2210:
2198:
2183:
2175:
2153:
2141:The demonstrative form
2104:
2093:
2064:
2054:
2039:
2004:
1994:
1984:
1970:
1960:
1945:
1926:
1916:
1906:
1898:
1888:
1863:
1855:
1845:
1695:Deficient (weak) forms
1651:
1641:
1620:
1610:
1589:
1579:
1558:
1548:
1527:
1517:
1496:
1486:
1448:
1438:
1427:
1402:
1392:
1384:
1374:
1349:
1341:
1333:
1314:
1306:
1296:
1275:
1267:
1259:
1240:
1232:
1222:
1203:
1195:
1181:
1156:
1148:
1140:
971:Deficient (weak) forms
809:
804:
799:
794:
781:
776:
771:
766:
748:
735:
6237:Ghanaian Sign Language
5513:Schwarz, Anne (2005).
4689:„Who cooked the meat?“
4170:„You are really late.“
3350:Ká tám-bɔà tè wà-kpìì?
3225:„Where is your house?“
2605:Interrogative Pronouns
2125:Demonstrative Pronouns
1934:Mí zágí mí dék yìtìyā.
814:Ateng a chèng yabanga.
786:Ateng a chēng yabanga.
6247:Nanabin Sign Language
5215:Ajohn give Q who what
5212:Ajohn tè ká wān bwāː?
4804:child.DEF cook Q what
4801:Bíːká dìg *(ká) bwāː?
4596:2SG NEG cook meat NEG
4539:2SG NEG cook meat NEG
4330:2SG NEG cook meat NEG
4273:2SG NEG cook meat NEG
4203:2SG-nose:DEF big-EMPH
3649:as well as negation.
3512:1SG drink-FOC quickly
16:Gur language of Ghana
5834:Indigenous languages
5749:Government-sponsored
4074:, while the morphem
4000:Postverbal Particles
3173:„How did you do it?“
2922:„How many men came?“
2757:In order to express
2745:FOC CL1.SG.which.INT
2120:„We saw each of us.“
1940:„I got up (myself)."
1465:1SG-pot CONJ DEM:DET
1419:1SG pot CONJ DEM:DET
761:Grammatical function
7047:Oti–Volta languages
6256:Immigrant languages
5325:Q what PTC who cook
5270:Q who PTC cook what
4355:
4128:„I really saw him.“
4125:1SG see-3SG.CL1 AFF
4051:Bà-bòlìsì tììmū-yā.
3653:Preverbal Particles
3411:„When did he come?“
2626:
2590:Mí bísáŋá à yāā ká
2356:
2267:
2023:Reciprocal Pronouns
1685:
1176:„Asouk hit me/you.“
961:
869:human / loan words
836:
664:Heavy high falling
202:, which is another
45:170,000 (2013)
7052:Languages of Ghana
5710:Languages of Ghana
5273:„Who cooked what?“
5158:Multiple Questions
4593:Fí kàn dìgi lām ā.
4467:Wá-kàn kpì dōnláʔ.
4354:
4327:Fí kàn dìgi lām ā.
3515:„I drank quickly.“
3461:„When did he die?“
3455:Wà-kpìì ká dìmpōɔ?
3405:ɔ-jàm ká dà-dìnàà?
3356:„When did he die?“
2916:-dìnà àlē jàmìyāā?
2625:
2355:
2266:
1684:
1672:Reflexive Pronouns
1416:Mí bìmbìlī lē ǹnā.
1217:„I/you hit Asouk.“
1211:*Mə/fə nágí Asouk.
960:
835:
656:Weak high falling
7034:
7033:
6933:
6932:
6822:
6821:
6772:
6771:
6593:
6592:
6346:
6345:
6225:
6224:
5717:Official language
5379:(25th ed., 2022)
4536:Fí àn dìgi lām ā.
4406:
4405:
4270:Fí àn dìgi lām ā.
2695:
2694:
2425:
2424:
2336:
2335:
2082:Bà-nàg ká bà-dēk.
1842:
1841:
1473:Absolute Pronouns
1468:„This is my pot."
1462:M-bìmbìlī lē ǹnā.
1422:„This is my pot."
1214:1SG/2SG hit Asouk
1173:Asouk hit 1SG/2SG
1170:Asouk nàgì mə/fə.
1118:
1117:
940:
939:
827:Noun Class System
727:
726:
712:Heavy low rising
628:
627:
519:
518:
443:
414:
365:
321:
185:Upper East Region
183:, located in the
155:
154:
7059:
6833:
6637:
6402:
6393:
6373:
6366:
6359:
6350:
5838:
5733:Creole languages
5703:
5696:
5689:
5680:
5651:
5650:
5642:
5611:
5610:
5602:
5596:
5595:
5584:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5549:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5539:
5525:
5519:
5518:
5510:
5387:
5386:
5385:
5368:
5302:
5284:
5247:
5229:
5192:
5135:
5109:
5098:
5061:
5035:
4974:
4956:
4937:
4907:
4897:
4878:
4856:
4837:
4819:
4789:
4771:
4729:
4718:
4700:
4679:
4660:
4642:
4589:
4563:
4553:
4532:
4506:
4496:
4463:
4459:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4356:
4323:
4297:
4287:
4266:
4240:
4230:
4200:Fì-ɲōnní zùà-là.
4196:
4185:
4181:
4167:2SG-be.late-EMPH
4160:
4156:
4118:
4108:
4104:
4093:
4047:
4043:
4031:
4027:
3989:Ǹ-kàn bàntí-fùʔ.
3985:
3981:
3970:
3966:
3928:tree:DEF FUT cut
3909:
3897:
3879:wēēn núrú-mbàlá.
3871:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3840:
3836:
3796:
3792:
3773:
3761:
3757:
3731:
3727:
3708:
3696:
3692:
3629:
3602:
3565:
3554:
3527:
3497:
3486:
3451:
3440:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3382:
3371:
3367:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3328:
3310:
3273:Fàà chēŋ ká bɛɛ?
3269:
3258:
3240:
3236:
3215:
3204:
3200:
3163:
3152:
3142:
3138:
3127:
3090:
3086:
3076:
3065:
3061:
3051:
3024:
3003:
2999:
2989:
2978:
2974:
2964:
2945:
2908:
2904:
2893:
2881:
2877:
2864:
2839:
2828:
2808:
2796:„How much/many?“
2793:FOC how.much.INT
2786:
2775:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2720:
2627:
2586:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2554:
2536:
2526:
2522:
2511:
2482:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2357:
2268:
2263:is given below.
2216:
2205:
2194:
2190:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2110:
2099:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2060:
2049:
2045:
2000:
1990:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1955:
1951:
1922:
1912:
1894:
1880:1SG hit 1SG-REFL
1873:
1869:
1851:
1686:
1657:
1647:
1626:
1616:
1595:
1585:
1564:
1554:
1533:
1523:
1502:
1492:
1458:
1454:
1444:
1433:
1412:
1408:
1398:
1380:
1355:
1302:
1281:
1228:
1191:
1187:
1166:
1162:
962:
900:bàŋ̩ ''lizard''
837:
730:Lexical function
720:Weak low rising
638:
621:
604:
597:
589:
581:
566:
557:
526:
508:
501:
479:
457:
450:
439:
428:
421:
410:
400:
393:
386:
379:
372:
361:
356:
349:
342:
335:
328:
317:
307:
300:
293:
286:
279:
238:
139:
123:
116:
55:
19:
7067:
7066:
7062:
7061:
7060:
7058:
7057:
7056:
7037:
7036:
7035:
7030:
6989:
6961:
6929:
6903:
6862:
6818:
6768:
6717:
6681:
6626:
6589:
6558:
6517:
6431:
6382:
6377:
6347:
6342:
6251:
6221:
6185:
6157:
6004:
5829:
5744:
5728:
5712:
5707:
5660:
5655:
5654:
5644:
5643:
5614:
5604:
5603:
5599:
5586:
5585:
5570:
5561:
5559:
5553:"PHOIBLE 2.0 -"
5551:
5550:
5546:
5537:
5535:
5527:
5526:
5522:
5512:
5511:
5390:
5380:
5369:
5365:
5360:
5338:Kröger, Franz.
5335:
5333:Further reading
5330:
5320:
5312:
5304:
5294:
5286:
5275:
5265:
5257:
5249:
5239:
5231:
5220:
5210:
5202:
5194:
5184:
5176:
5160:
5155:
5145:
5137:
5127:
5119:
5111:
5101:
5090:
5081:
5071:
5063:
5053:
5045:
5037:
5027:
5019:
4999:
4994:
4984:
4976:
4966:
4958:
4947:
4939:
4927:
4917:
4909:
4899:
4888:
4880:
4868:
4858:
4847:
4839:
4829:
4821:
4809:
4799:
4791:
4781:
4773:
4754:
4749:
4739:
4731:
4720:
4710:
4702:
4691:
4681:
4670:
4662:
4652:
4644:
4614:
4606:
4601:
4591:
4581:
4573:
4565:
4555:
4544:
4534:
4524:
4516:
4508:
4498:
4480:
4475:
4465:
4450:
4442:
4419:
4411:
4340:
4335:
4325:
4315:
4307:
4299:
4289:
4278:
4268:
4258:
4250:
4242:
4232:
4213:
4208:
4198:
4187:
4172:
4162:
4135:
4130:
4120:
4110:
4095:
4064:
4059:
4049:
4034:
4010:
4002:
3997:
3987:
3972:
3938:
3933:
3919:
3911:
3899:
3887:
3873:
3850:
3842:
3817:
3812:
3798:
3783:
3775:
3763:
3747:
3733:
3718:
3710:
3698:
3663:
3655:
3646:
3641:
3631:
3620:
3612:
3604:
3594:
3586:
3577:
3567:
3557:
3545:
3537:
3529:
3517:
3509:Mí ɲú-ká ɲwūlì.
3507:
3499:
3488:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3453:
3442:
3432:
3413:
3403:
3384:
3374:
3358:
3348:
3330:
3320:
3312:
3286:
3281:
3271:
3260:
3250:
3242:
3227:
3217:
3206:
3180:
3175:
3167:Fí ɲɛ-kú ká sɛ?
3165:
3154:
3144:
3129:
3107:
3102:
3092:
3078:
3067:
3053:
3042:
3034:
3026:
3015:
3005:
2991:
2980:
2966:
2955:
2947:
2929:
2924:
2910:
2895:
2884:
2866:
2851:
2841:
2830:
2819:
2811:
2798:
2788:
2777:
2755:
2750:
2740:
2722:
2700:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2588:
2577:
2556:
2546:
2538:
2528:
2513:
2502:
2492:
2484:
2473:
2455:
2447:
2341:
2252:
2242:
2234:
2226:
2218:
2208:
2196:
2181:
2173:
2139:
2127:
2122:
2112:
2102:
2090:
2080:
2062:
2052:
2025:
2020:
2010:
2002:
1992:
1982:
1968:
1958:
1942:
1932:
1924:
1914:
1904:
1896:
1885:
1883:„I hit myself."
1875:
1861:
1853:
1674:
1669:
1659:
1649:
1638:
1628:
1618:
1607:
1597:
1587:
1576:
1566:
1556:
1545:
1535:
1525:
1514:
1504:
1494:
1475:
1470:
1460:
1446:
1436:
1424:
1414:
1400:
1390:
1382:
1367:
1365:„Asouk hit me."
1357:
1347:
1339:
1330:
1320:
1312:
1304:
1293:
1291:„Asouk hit me.“
1283:
1273:
1265:
1256:
1246:
1238:
1230:
1219:
1209:
1201:
1193:
1178:
1168:
1154:
1146:
950:
945:
883:yérí ''house''
829:
824:
819:
812:
807:
802:
797:
791:
784:
779:
774:
769:
763:
758:
751:
745:
738:
732:
633:
524:
236:
228:
181:Builsa District
162:
161:
160:
135:
119:
112:
102:
56:
53:Language family
51:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7065:
7063:
7055:
7054:
7049:
7039:
7038:
7032:
7031:
7029:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6997:
6995:
6991:
6990:
6988:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6971:
6969:
6963:
6962:
6960:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6943:
6941:
6935:
6934:
6931:
6930:
6928:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6911:
6909:
6905:
6904:
6902:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6870:
6868:
6864:
6863:
6861:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6839:
6837:
6830:
6824:
6823:
6820:
6819:
6817:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6780:
6778:
6774:
6773:
6770:
6769:
6767:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6725:
6723:
6719:
6718:
6716:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6689:
6687:
6683:
6682:
6680:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6643:
6641:
6634:
6628:
6627:
6625:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6603:
6601:
6595:
6594:
6591:
6590:
6588:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6566:
6564:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6525:
6523:
6519:
6518:
6516:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6439:
6437:
6433:
6432:
6430:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6408:
6406:
6399:
6390:
6384:
6383:
6378:
6376:
6375:
6368:
6361:
6353:
6344:
6343:
6341:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6259:
6257:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6233:
6231:
6230:Sign languages
6227:
6226:
6223:
6222:
6220:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6193:
6191:
6187:
6186:
6184:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6167:
6165:
6159:
6158:
6156:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6014:
6012:
6006:
6005:
6003:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5846:
5844:
5835:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5786:
5785:
5780:
5779:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5752:
5750:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5742:
5736:
5734:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5726:
5720:
5718:
5714:
5713:
5708:
5706:
5705:
5698:
5691:
5683:
5677:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5659:
5658:External links
5656:
5653:
5652:
5612:
5597:
5568:
5544:
5520:
5388:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5354:
5343:
5334:
5331:
5313:
5305:
5295:
5287:
5277:
5276:
5258:
5250:
5240:
5232:
5222:
5221:
5203:
5195:
5185:
5177:
5169:
5168:
5159:
5156:
5138:
5128:
5120:
5112:
5102:
5091:
5083:
5082:
5064:
5054:
5046:
5038:
5028:
5020:
5012:
5011:
4998:
4995:
4977:
4967:
4959:
4948:
4940:
4929:
4928:
4910:
4900:
4889:
4881:
4870:
4869:
4848:
4840:
4830:
4822:
4811:
4810:
4792:
4782:
4774:
4763:
4762:
4753:
4750:
4732:
4721:
4711:
4703:
4693:
4692:
4671:
4663:
4653:
4645:
4635:
4634:
4613:
4610:
4605:
4602:
4582:
4574:
4566:
4556:
4546:
4545:
4525:
4517:
4509:
4499:
4489:
4488:
4479:
4476:
4451:
4443:
4425:
4424:
4418:
4415:
4410:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4400:
4399:Indicative II
4396:
4395:
4392:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4380:
4379:
4376:
4375:Imperative II
4372:
4371:
4368:
4364:
4363:
4360:
4339:
4336:
4316:
4308:
4300:
4290:
4280:
4279:
4259:
4251:
4243:
4233:
4223:
4222:
4212:
4209:
4188:
4174:
4173:
4149:
4148:
4134:
4131:
4122:Mí ɲá-wá kámā.
4111:
4096:
4086:
4085:
4081:indeed, really
4063:
4060:
4035:
4020:
4019:
4009:
4006:
4001:
3998:
3973:
3959:
3958:
3937:
3934:
3912:
3900:
3889:
3888:
3851:
3843:
3826:
3825:
3816:
3813:
3784:
3776:
3764:
3749:
3748:
3719:
3711:
3699:
3684:
3683:
3662:
3659:
3654:
3651:
3645:
3642:
3621:
3613:
3605:
3595:
3587:
3579:
3578:
3558:
3546:
3538:
3530:
3519:
3518:
3500:
3489:
3479:
3478:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3443:
3433:
3415:
3414:
3385:
3375:
3360:
3359:
3331:
3321:
3313:
3303:
3302:
3285:
3282:
3261:
3251:
3243:
3229:
3228:
3207:
3193:
3192:
3179:
3176:
3155:
3145:
3130:
3120:
3119:
3106:
3103:
3079:
3068:
3054:
3043:
3035:
3027:
3017:
3016:
2992:
2981:
2967:
2956:
2948:
2938:
2937:
2928:
2925:
2896:
2885:
2867:
2856:
2855:
2831:
2820:
2812:
2800:
2799:
2778:
2768:
2767:
2754:
2751:
2748:„Who is that?“
2723:
2713:
2712:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2578:
2557:
2547:
2539:
2529:
2514:
2504:
2503:
2485:
2474:
2456:
2448:
2430:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2235:
2227:
2219:
2209:
2197:
2182:
2174:
2152:
2151:
2138:
2135:
2126:
2123:
2103:
2092:
2091:
2063:
2053:
2038:
2037:
2024:
2021:
2003:
1993:
1983:
1969:
1959:
1944:
1943:
1925:
1915:
1905:
1897:
1887:
1886:
1862:
1854:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1673:
1670:
1650:
1640:
1639:
1619:
1609:
1608:
1588:
1578:
1577:
1557:
1547:
1546:
1526:
1516:
1515:
1495:
1485:
1484:
1474:
1471:
1447:
1437:
1426:
1425:
1401:
1391:
1383:
1373:
1372:
1359:Asouk nàgì mí.
1348:
1340:
1332:
1331:
1328:„I hit Asouk."
1322:Mí nágí Asouk.
1313:
1305:
1295:
1294:
1285:*Asouk nàgì ǹ.
1274:
1266:
1258:
1257:
1254:"I hit Asouk."
1239:
1231:
1221:
1220:
1202:
1194:
1180:
1179:
1155:
1147:
1139:
1138:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1002:
999:
995:
994:
991:
988:
984:
983:
980:
977:
973:
972:
969:
966:
949:
946:
944:
941:
938:
937:
934:
932:
929:
926:
922:
921:
918:
917:síuk ''path''
915:
912:
909:
905:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
888:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
871:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
854:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
828:
825:
823:
820:
808:
803:
798:
793:
792:
780:
775:
770:
765:
764:
762:
759:
747:
746:
734:
733:
731:
728:
725:
724:
721:
717:
716:
713:
709:
708:
705:
701:
700:
697:
693:
692:
689:
685:
684:
681:
677:
676:
673:
669:
668:
665:
661:
660:
657:
653:
652:
649:
645:
644:
641:
632:
629:
626:
625:
623:
615:
613:
607:
606:
598:
591:
583:
575:
569:
568:
560:
558:
551:
545:
544:
539:
534:
529:
523:
520:
517:
516:
511:
509:
502:
495:
493:
487:
486:
484:
482:
480:
473:
471:
465:
464:
462:
460:
458:
451:
444:
436:
435:
433:
431:
429:
422:
415:
408:
402:
401:
394:
387:
380:
373:
366:
358:
357:
350:
343:
336:
329:
322:
315:
309:
308:
301:
294:
287:
280:
273:
267:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
235:
232:
227:
224:
158:
157:
156:
153:
152:
147:
141:
140:
133:
125:
124:
117:
109:
108:
107:Language codes
104:
103:
101:
100:
99:
98:
97:
96:
95:
94:
93:
92:
91:
90:
67:Atlantic–Congo
59:
57:
50:
47:
46:
43:
39:
38:
33:
32:Native to
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7064:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7044:
7042:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6998:
6996:
6992:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6972:
6970:
6968:
6964:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6944:
6942:
6940:
6936:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6912:
6910:
6906:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6871:
6869:
6865:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6840:
6838:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6825:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6781:
6779:
6775:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6726:
6724:
6720:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6690:
6688:
6684:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6644:
6642:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6629:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6612:Láá Láá Bwamu
6610:
6608:
6605:
6604:
6602:
6600:
6596:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6567:
6565:
6561:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6526:
6524:
6520:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6434:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6409:
6407:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6385:
6381:
6380:Gur languages
6374:
6369:
6367:
6362:
6360:
6355:
6354:
6351:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6260:
6258:
6254:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6234:
6232:
6228:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6194:
6192:
6188:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6168:
6166:
6164:
6160:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6011:
6007:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5843:
5839:
5836:
5832:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5784:
5781:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5763:
5762:
5759:
5758:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5751:
5747:
5741:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5731:
5725:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5715:
5711:
5704:
5699:
5697:
5692:
5690:
5685:
5684:
5681:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5661:
5657:
5648:
5641:
5639:
5637:
5635:
5633:
5631:
5629:
5627:
5625:
5623:
5621:
5619:
5617:
5613:
5608:
5601:
5598:
5593:
5589:
5588:Bodomo, Adams
5583:
5581:
5579:
5577:
5575:
5573:
5569:
5558:
5554:
5548:
5545:
5534:
5530:
5524:
5521:
5516:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5503:
5501:
5499:
5497:
5495:
5493:
5491:
5489:
5487:
5485:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5477:
5475:
5473:
5471:
5469:
5467:
5465:
5463:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5455:
5453:
5451:
5449:
5447:
5445:
5443:
5441:
5439:
5437:
5435:
5433:
5431:
5429:
5427:
5425:
5423:
5421:
5419:
5417:
5415:
5413:
5411:
5409:
5407:
5405:
5403:
5401:
5399:
5397:
5395:
5393:
5389:
5384:
5378:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5364:
5357:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5341:
5337:
5336:
5332:
5329:
5326:
5323:
5319:
5316:
5311:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5274:
5271:
5268:
5264:
5261:
5256:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5219:
5216:
5213:
5209:
5206:
5201:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5180:
5175:
5172:
5167:
5165:
5157:
5154:
5151:
5148:
5144:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5123:
5118:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5094:
5089:
5086:
5080:
5077:
5074:
5070:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5049:
5044:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5023:
5018:
5015:
5010:
5008:
5004:
4996:
4993:
4990:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4962:
4957:
4951:
4946:
4943:
4938:
4932:
4926:
4923:
4920:
4916:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4892:
4887:
4884:
4879:
4873:
4867:
4864:
4861:
4857:
4851:
4846:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4825:
4820:
4814:
4808:
4805:
4802:
4798:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4777:
4772:
4766:
4761:
4759:
4751:
4748:
4745:
4742:
4738:
4735:
4730:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4690:
4687:
4684:
4680:
4674:
4669:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4611:
4609:
4603:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4577:
4572:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4543:
4540:
4537:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4520:
4515:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4485:
4477:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4464:
4454:
4449:
4446:
4441:
4428:
4423:
4416:
4414:
4408:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4393:
4391:Indicative I
4390:
4389:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4367:Imperative I
4366:
4365:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4337:
4334:
4331:
4328:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4311:
4306:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4277:
4274:
4271:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4254:
4249:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4219:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4197:
4191:
4186:
4177:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4161:
4152:
4147:
4144:
4140:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4082:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4052:
4048:
4038:
4033:
4023:
4018:
4015:
4007:
4005:
3999:
3996:
3993:
3990:
3986:
3976:
3971:
3962:
3957:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3935:
3932:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3918:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3904:
3898:
3892:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3872:
3854:
3849:
3846:
3841:
3832:
3831:
3824:
3822:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3797:
3787:
3782:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3768:
3762:
3752:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3732:
3722:
3717:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3703:
3697:
3687:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3660:
3658:
3652:
3650:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3630:
3624:
3619:
3616:
3611:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3590:
3585:
3582:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3549:
3544:
3541:
3536:
3533:
3528:
3522:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3506:
3503:
3498:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3470:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3452:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3418:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3363:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3347:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3299:
3298:dìmpōɔ/dìsàpō
3295:
3291:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3246:
3241:
3232:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3219:Fì-yènní lèē?
3216:
3210:
3205:
3196:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3091:
3082:
3077:
3071:
3066:
3057:
3052:
3046:
3041:
3038:
3033:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3004:
2995:
2990:
2984:
2979:
2970:
2965:
2959:
2954:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2934:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2909:
2899:
2894:
2888:
2883:
2873:
2871:
2865:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2829:
2823:
2818:
2815:
2810:
2805:Thing-pretty:
2803:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2759:how much/many
2753:How much/many
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2697:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2609:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2576:
2562:
2561:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2491:
2488:
2483:
2477:
2472:
2459:
2454:
2451:
2446:
2433:
2428:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2351:
2346:
2338:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2233:
2230:
2225:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2200:
2195:
2185:
2180:
2177:
2172:
2155:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2041:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2027:The particle
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1877:Mí nàg ǹ-dēk.
1874:
1865:
1860:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1692:Strong forms
1691:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1679:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1459:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1363:
1362:Asouk hit 1SG
1360:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1343:
1338:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1325:1SG hit Asouk
1323:
1319:
1316:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1288:Asouk hit 1SG
1286:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1269:
1264:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1251:1SG hit Asouk
1249:
1248:Ǹ nàgì Asouk.
1245:
1242:
1237:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1200:
1197:
1192:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1158:
1153:
1150:
1145:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1000:
997:
996:
992:
989:
986:
985:
981:
978:
975:
974:
970:
968:Strong forms
967:
964:
963:
958:
954:
947:
942:
935:
933:
930:
927:
924:
923:
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
906:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
889:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
872:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
855:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
838:
833:
826:
821:
818:
815:
811:
806:
801:
796:
790:
787:
783:
778:
773:
768:
760:
757:
754:
750:
744:
741:
737:
729:
722:
719:
718:
714:
711:
710:
706:
703:
702:
698:
695:
694:
690:
687:
686:
682:
679:
678:
674:
671:
670:
666:
663:
662:
658:
655:
654:
650:
647:
646:
642:
640:
639:
636:
630:
624:
620:
616:
612:
609:
608:
603:
599:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
574:
571:
570:
565:
561:
559:
556:
550:
547:
546:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
528:
527:
521:
515:
512:
510:
507:
503:
500:
496:
494:
492:
488:
485:
483:
481:
478:
474:
472:
470:
466:
463:
461:
459:
456:
452:
449:
445:
442:
438:
437:
434:
432:
430:
427:
423:
420:
416:
413:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
392:
388:
385:
381:
378:
374:
371:
367:
364:
360:
359:
355:
351:
348:
344:
341:
337:
334:
330:
327:
323:
320:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
299:
295:
292:
288:
285:
281:
278:
274:
272:
268:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
239:
233:
231:
225:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
151:
148:
146:
142:
138:
134:
132:
131:
126:
122:
118:
115:
110:
105:
89:
86:
85:
83:
82:
81:
78:
77:
75:
74:
73:
70:
69:
68:
65:
64:
62:
58:
54:
48:
44:
40:
37:
34:
30:
25:
20:
6967:Wara–Natyoro
6647:Bago-Kusuntu
6569:
6133:Nyangbo-Tafi
6078:Jwira-Pepesa
5854:
5646:
5606:
5600:
5591:
5560:. Retrieved
5556:
5547:
5536:. Retrieved
5532:
5523:
5514:
5374:
5366:
5350:
5339:
5327:
5324:
5321:
5317:
5309:
5299:
5291:
5281:
5272:
5269:
5266:
5262:
5254:
5244:
5236:
5226:
5217:
5214:
5211:
5207:
5199:
5189:
5181:
5173:
5163:
5161:
5152:
5149:
5146:
5142:
5132:
5124:
5116:
5106:
5095:
5087:
5078:
5075:
5072:
5068:
5058:
5050:
5042:
5032:
5024:
5016:
5006:
5002:
5000:
4991:
4988:
4985:
4981:
4971:
4963:
4952:
4944:
4933:
4924:
4921:
4918:
4914:
4904:
4893:
4885:
4874:
4865:
4862:
4859:
4852:
4844:
4834:
4826:
4815:
4806:
4803:
4800:
4796:
4786:
4778:
4767:
4757:
4755:
4746:
4743:
4740:
4736:
4725:
4715:
4707:
4697:
4688:
4685:
4682:
4675:
4667:
4657:
4649:
4639:
4629:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4615:
4607:
4598:
4595:
4592:
4586:
4578:
4570:
4560:
4550:
4541:
4538:
4535:
4529:
4521:
4513:
4503:
4493:
4483:
4481:
4472:
4469:
4466:
4455:
4447:
4429:
4420:
4412:
4348:
4344:
4341:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4320:
4312:
4304:
4294:
4284:
4275:
4272:
4269:
4263:
4255:
4247:
4237:
4227:
4217:
4214:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4192:
4178:
4169:
4166:
4163:
4153:
4142:
4138:
4136:
4127:
4124:
4121:
4115:
4100:
4090:
4080:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4065:
4056:
4053:
4050:
4039:
4024:
4013:
4011:
4003:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3978:say.goodbye-
3977:
3963:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3939:
3930:
3927:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3906:
3902:
3893:
3884:
3881:
3876:
3874:
3855:
3847:
3833:
3829:
3820:
3818:
3809:
3806:
3801:
3799:
3788:
3780:
3770:
3766:
3753:
3744:
3741:
3736:
3734:
3723:
3715:
3705:
3701:
3688:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3664:
3656:
3647:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3625:
3617:
3609:
3599:
3591:
3583:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3562:
3550:
3543:himself.next
3542:
3534:
3523:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3504:
3493:
3483:
3474:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3447:
3437:
3419:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3389:
3379:
3364:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3335:
3325:
3317:
3307:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3287:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3265:
3255:
3247:
3233:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3211:
3197:
3187:
3183:
3181:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3159:
3149:
3134:
3124:
3114:
3110:
3108:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3083:
3072:
3058:
3047:
3039:
3031:
3021:
3012:
3009:
3006:
2996:
2985:
2971:
2960:
2952:
2942:
2932:
2930:
2921:
2918:
2913:
2911:
2900:
2889:
2874:
2869:
2860:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2835:
2824:
2816:
2804:
2802:Jà-nàlìŋkàdɛ
2795:
2792:
2789:
2782:
2772:
2762:
2758:
2756:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2727:
2717:
2707:
2703:
2701:
2619:
2615:
2613:
2599:
2596:
2591:
2589:
2582:
2563:
2559:
2551:
2543:
2533:
2518:
2508:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2478:
2460:
2452:
2434:
2426:
2349:
2344:
2342:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2231:
2223:
2213:
2201:
2186:
2178:
2156:
2146:
2142:
2140:
2130:
2128:
2119:
2116:
2114:Tì-ɲà chāāb.
2113:
2107:
2096:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2067:
2057:
2042:
2032:
2028:
2026:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1987:
1973:
1963:
1948:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1909:
1901:
1891:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1866:
1858:
1848:
1689:Pers/Num/CL
1677:
1675:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1654:
1644:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1623:
1613:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1592:
1582:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1561:
1551:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1530:
1520:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1499:
1489:
1479:
1476:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1451:
1441:
1430:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1405:
1395:
1387:
1377:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1352:
1344:
1336:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1309:
1299:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1278:
1270:
1262:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1235:
1225:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1198:
1184:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1159:
1151:
1143:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1119:
965:Pers/Num/CL
955:
951:
866:núr ''man''
830:
816:
813:
788:
785:
755:
752:
742:
739:
696:Mid dipping
688:Mid falling
680:Mid peaking
634:
264:Labial-velar
229:
208:Burkina Faso
204:Gur language
193:
173:Gur language
168:
164:
163:
128:
87:
6899:Syer-Tenyer
6388:Central Gur
5557:phoible.org
4164:Fì-bèní-là.
4151:Fì-bèní-là.
3853:núrú-mbàlá.
3644:Verb Phrase
2224:immediately
2117:1PL-see REC
1605:„It's you.“
1574:„It's you.“
648:High level
491:Approximant
61:Niger–Congo
7041:Categories
6529:Gourmanché
6313:Portuguese
6138:Santrokofi
6063:Chumburung
5562:2022-06-10
5538:2022-09-22
5533:Ethnologue
5376:Ethnologue
5358:References
4402:àn kùríyà
4218:ne ... pas
3975:bàntí-fùʔ.
3804:bōb nííŋá.
3739:bōb nííŋá.
3471:Word Order
2329:(ɲā) būdɛ
2321:(ɲā) ŋādɛ
2318:(ɲā) kūdɛ
2310:(ɲā) tīdɛ
2307:(ɲā) kādɛ
2299:(ɲā) sīdɛ
2296:(ɲā) dīdɛ
2288:(ɲā) bādɛ
2285:(ɲā) wādɛ
2199:máástàwàdɛ
2168:.be.there-
1667:„It's us.“
1636:„It's us.“
1543:„It's me.“
1512:„It's me.“
852:Semantics
704:Low level
672:Mid level
234:Consonants
212:Ethnologue
6884:Nyarafolo
6617:Cwi Bwamu
6397:Oti–Volta
5009:is used.
4604:Questions
4394:kàn kūrī
4386:káǹ kūrī
4378:kàń kūrī
4370:kàá kūrī
4157:-be.late-
4037:tììmū-yā.
4022:Bà-bòlìsì
3387:dà-dìnàà?
3318:time-what
2953:song-what
2882:-how.many
2836:how.much.
2790:Ká dìnàà?
2783:how.much.
2742:Ká wànàà?
2154:Bà-bòrà-ā
1791:námà dék
1780:támà dék
1661:*(Ká) wà.
1599:*(Ká) fì.
1428:M-bìmbìlī
843:Singular
412:Voiceless
406:Fricative
319:Voiceless
226:Phonology
130:Glottolog
114:ISO 639-3
84:Buli–Koma
80:Oti–Volta
6908:Southern
6848:Nanerigé
6843:Minyanka
6836:Northern
6754:Tamprusi
6686:Northern
6534:Konkomba
6503:Safaliba
6483:Mamprusi
6318:Japanese
6212:Nafaanra
6058:Cherepon
5975:Tamprusi
5960:Safaliba
5920:Mamprusi
5905:Konkomba
4997:Embedded
4608:Source:
4211:Negation
4176:Fì-ɲōnní
3942:kán, kàn
3936:Kán, kàn
3333:wà-kpìì?
3294:dà-dìnàà
3195:Fì-yènní
2912:Nídɔābā
2898:jàmìyāā?
1946:Bà-wèènì
1832:3PL.CL4
1821:3PL.CL3
1810:3PL.CL2
1799:3PL.CL1
1766:3SG.CL5
1755:3SG.CL4
1744:3SG.CL3
1733:3SG.CL2
1722:3SG.CL1
1630:(Ká) wá.
1568:(Ká) fí.
1537:*(Ká) ǹ.
1506:(Ká) mí.
1108:3PL.CL4
1097:3PL.CL3
1086:3PL.CL2
1075:3PL.CL1
1042:3SG.CL5
1031:3SG.CL4
1020:3SG.CL3
1009:3SG.CL2
998:3SG.CL1
993:fì (fə)
943:Pronouns
849:Example
810:yabanga.
782:yabanga.
756:"lizard"
743:"bangle"
249:Alveolar
230:Source:
220:Mampruli
196:Navrongo
137:buli1254
76:Northern
42:Speakers
6985:Natioro
6952:Lomakka
6947:Kulango
6939:Kulango
6925:Tagwana
6920:Nafanan
6915:Djimini
6889:Kpalaga
6874:Cebaara
6867:Central
6858:Supyire
6784:Koromfe
6749:Sisaala
6739:Paasaal
6729:Chakali
6722:Western
6693:Kalamsé
6640:Eastern
6632:Gurunsi
6549:Ngangam
6473:Kantosi
6453:Dagbani
6448:Dagaare
6443:Birifor
6436:Western
6422:Tammari
6417:Mbelime
6405:Eastern
6328:Russian
6308:Chinese
6288:Italian
6278:Spanish
6273:Punjabi
6263:English
6171:Bambara
6053:Chakosi
6043:Avatime
6033:Animere
5965:Sisaala
5955:Paasaal
5900:Kantosi
5860:Chakali
5850:Birifor
5795:Dagbani
5790:Dagaare
5771:Akuapem
5724:English
5649:: 1–21.
5099:-wonder
4850:lāmmúː?
4752:In situ
4673:lāmmúː?
4612:Ex situ
4453:dōnláʔ.
4383:Future
4190:zùà-là.
3925:bōlisi.
3914:bōlisi.
3856:Person-
3754:Person.
3689:Person.
3524:Person:
3505:quickly
3445:dìmpōɔ?
3417:Wà-kpìì
3398:.which.
3315:tám-bɔà
3201:-house:
3081:fì-yīī?
2994:fì-yīī?
2858:Nídɔābā
2735:.which.
2592:yí-dílá
2560:yí-dílá
2479:finish-
2202:master:
2184:gɔgtàŋā
2065:bà-dēk.
1927:yìtìyā.
1838:ŋà=dēk
1835:ŋá dék
1827:tì=dēk
1824:tí dék
1816:sì=dēk
1813:sí dék
1805:bà=dēk
1802:bá dék
1794:nì=dēk
1783:tì=dēk
1772:bù=dēk
1769:bú dék
1761:kù=dēk
1758:kú dék
1750:kà=dēk
1747:ká dék
1739:dì=dēk
1736:dí dék
1728:wà=dēk
1725:wá dék
1717:fì=dēk
1714:fí dék
1703:mí dék
1664:FOC 1PL
1633:FOC 1PL
1602:FOC 2SG
1571:FOC 2SG
1540:FOC 1SG
1509:FOC 1SG
1385:bìmbìlī
982:ǹ (mə)
846:Plural
822:Grammar
643:Toneme
537:Central
469:Lateral
254:Palatal
222:(77%).
171:, is a
169:Kanjaga
27:Kanjaga
7001:Bariba
6994:Others
6980:Paleni
6894:Senara
6853:Sucite
6828:Senufo
6809:Dogoso
6777:Others
6698:Kasena
6662:Kabiyé
6554:Ntcham
6544:Nateni
6478:Kusasi
6468:Kamara
6458:Frafra
6333:Danish
6323:Romani
6303:Arabic
6298:Hebrew
6283:German
6268:French
6217:Yoruba
6190:Others
6181:Tonjon
6128:Nkonya
6103:Lelemi
6098:Larteh
6093:Krache
6048:Bowili
6023:Ahanta
5945:Ntcham
5915:Kusasi
5895:Kamara
5880:Frafra
5800:Dangme
5766:Asante
5647:Glossa
5529:"Buli"
5315:dìgìː?
4979:wānā:?
4934:child.
4875:child.
4816:child.
4768:child.
4734:dìgìː?
4726:child.
4713:*(ātì)
4655:*(ālì)
4427:Wá-kàn
4359:Tense
4182:-nose:
3921:Tììmū
3800:Núŕmá
3786:nííŋá.
3735:Núŕmá
3721:nííŋá.
3623:làmmú.
3521:Núrúwá
3502:ɲwūlì.
3494:drink-
3466:Syntax
3266:where.
3212:where.
3087:-sing.
3048:&:
3000:-sing.
2961:&:
2950:yí-bɔà
2890:&:
2833:dìnàà?
2780:dìnàà?
2725:wànàà?
2519:child.
2516:bísáŋá
2476:nùè-lā
2206:.there
2187:dance.
2131:dɛ, lá
2105:chāāb.
2040:Bà-nàg
1930:get.up
1864:ǹ-dēk.
1706:ǹ=dēk
1315:Asouk.
1260:*Asouk
1241:Asouk.
1204:Asouk.
1182:*Mə/fə
1157:mə/fə.
840:Class
522:Vowels
441:Voiced
363:Voiced
244:Labial
7021:Vyemo
7016:Tusya
7011:Tiefo
6975:Samwe
6794:Turka
6789:Cerma
6764:Winye
6759:Vagla
6744:Phuie
6703:Lyélé
6672:Lukpa
6652:Chala
6607:Bwamu
6580:Nawdm
6575:Konni
6563:Other
6522:Gurma
6508:Talni
6498:Notre
6493:Nabit
6488:Mooré
6463:Hanga
6427:Waama
6412:Berba
6338:Dutch
6293:Hindi
6202:Hausa
6176:Ligbi
6163:Mande
6143:Sehwi
6123:Nkami
6113:Logba
6108:Likpe
6088:Kposo
6068:Efutu
6038:Anyin
6018:Adele
5995:Winye
5985:Vagla
5970:Talni
5940:Notre
5935:Nabit
5930:Mooré
5910:Konni
5890:Kabye
5885:Hanga
5865:Chala
5825:Nzema
5820:Kasem
5815:Gonja
5783:Fante
5260:bwāː?
5205:bwāː?
5174:Ajohn
5171:Ajohn
5140:bwāː.
5130:*(ká)
5066:bwāː.
5056:*(ká)
4969:*(ká)
4953:meat.
4950:lāmmú
4931:Bíːká
4915:where
4912:bɛ̄ː?
4902:*(ká)
4894:meat.
4891:lāmmú
4872:Bíːká
4853:meat.
4832:*(ká)
4813:Bíːká
4794:bwāː?
4784:*(ká)
4765:Bíːká
4723:bíːká
4676:meat.
4456:year.
4362:Buli
4113:kámā.
4098:ɲá-wá
4040:tree:
4032:-trim
3961:Ǹ-kàn
3894:tree:
3891:Tììmū
3751:Núŕmá
3686:Núŕmá
3626:meat.
3610:Asouk
3607:Asouk
3584:Asibi
3581:Asibi
3540:mɔātī
3491:ɲú-ká
3448:when.
3427:-die.
3372:-come
3362:ɔ-jàm
3343:-die.
3178:Where
3132:ɲɛ-kú
3037:yìīlì
2901:come:
2872:-dìnà
2825:sell-
2822:da-ká
2817:&
2809:.here
2704:which
2688:bùnà
2680:ŋànà
2677:kùnà
2669:tìnà
2666:kànà
2658:sìnà
2655:dìnà
2647:bànà
2644:wànà
2616:which
2610:Which
2594:yīkā.
2583:sing.
2580:yīkā.
2564:song-
2432:Bà-nē
2418:búlá
2410:ŋálá
2407:kúlá
2399:tílá
2396:kálá
2388:sílá
2385:dílá
2377:bálá
2374:wálá
2094:Tì-ɲà
2033:chāāb
1642:*(Ká)
1580:*(Ká)
1518:*(Ká)
1337:Asouk
1334:Asouk
1318:Asouk
1263:Asouk
1244:Asouk
1207:Asouk
1144:Asouk
1141:Asouk
1067:námà
1056:támà
805:chèng
795:Ateng
777:chēng
767:Ateng
631:Tones
532:Front
271:Nasal
259:Velar
216:Konni
200:Kasem
177:Ghana
167:, or
36:Ghana
7026:Yobe
7006:Samo
6957:Téén
6804:Dyan
6799:Lobi
6713:Pana
6708:Nuni
6667:Lama
6657:Delo
6622:Bomu
6570:Buli
6539:Moba
6513:Wali
6207:Mpur
6153:Wasa
6148:Siwu
6118:Mpra
6083:Kebu
6028:Anii
6000:Yobe
5990:Wali
5950:Nuni
5925:Moba
5875:Delo
5855:Buli
5776:Bono
5756:Akan
5664:WALS
5371:Buli
5318:cook
5307:wānā
5292:what
5279:(Ká)
5263:what
5255:cook
5234:wānā
5224:(Ká)
5208:what
5182:give
5143:what
5125:cook
5117:John
5114:John
5108:SUBR
5097:IPFV
5093:à-bā
5088:Mary
5085:Mary
5069:what
5051:cook
5043:John
5040:John
5034:SUBR
5017:Mary
5014:Mary
5007:āyīn
4964:give
4945:cook
4886:cook
4842:wānā
4827:give
4797:what
4779:cook
4737:cook
4708:what
4695:(Ká)
4668:cook
4647:wānā
4637:(Ká)
4579:meat
4571:cook
4568:dìgi
4522:meat
4514:cook
4511:dìgi
4484:(y)ā
4478:(Y)ā
4313:meat
4305:cook
4302:dìgi
4256:meat
4248:cook
4245:dìgi
4195:EMPH
4193:big-
4159:EMPH
4101:see-
4062:Kámā
3946:á, à
3845:wēēn
3789:cow.
3772:IPFV
3724:cow.
3707:SUBJ
3618:cook
3615:dìgì
3601:COMP
3597:āyīn
3589:wìen
3548:(ká)
3532:kàlì
3390:day-
3327:CONJ
3284:When
3263:bɛɛ?
3245:chēŋ
3239:IPFV
3209:lèē?
3186:and
3160:how.
3075:COMP
3073:say.
3064:IPFV
3050:CONJ
3040:song
3032:what
3029:bɔàn
2988:COMP
2986:say.
2977:IPFV
2963:CONJ
2927:What
2892:CONJ
2861:man.
2763:dìnà
2708:who?
2691:---
2544:like
2535:IPFV
2458:dílá
2444:CONJ
2421:---
2332:---
2232:pass
2229:tààm
2221:dèrì
2215:CONJ
2170:IPFV
2147:here
2100:-see
2077:REFL
2050:-hit
2008:come
2005:jām.
1989:REFL
1965:COMP
1961:àyēn
1956:-say
1921:REFL
1902:rise
1899:zágí
1872:REFL
1788:2PL
1777:1PL
1711:2SG
1700:1SG
1611:(Ká)
1549:(Ká)
1487:(Ká)
1449:ǹnā.
1443:CONJ
1434:-pot
1403:ǹnā.
1397:CONJ
1342:nàgì
1307:nágí
1268:nàgì
1233:nàgì
1196:nágí
1149:nàgì
1132:and
1124:and
1064:2PL
1053:1PL
987:2SG
976:1SG
891:III
753:bàng
749:bàng
740:Bāng
736:Bāng
699:˧˨˧
683:˧˦˧
622:(ː)
605:(ː)
590:(ː)
582:(ː)
567:(ː)
549:High
542:Back
313:Stop
165:Buli
150:Buli
88:Buli
22:Buli
6879:Kar
6814:Khe
6734:Deg
6677:Tem
6599:Bwa
6585:Yom
6197:Gbe
6073:Gua
6010:Kwa
5980:Tem
5870:Deg
5842:Gur
5805:Ewe
5761:Twi
5373:at
5310:who
5301:PTC
5297:ātì
5289:bwā
5252:dìg
5246:PTC
5242:ālì
5237:who
5200:who
5197:wān
5122:dìg
5104:āsī
5048:dìg
5030:āsī
5025:ask
5022:bèg
5003:āsī
4982:who
4955:DEF
4942:dìg
4936:DEF
4896:DEF
4883:dìg
4877:DEF
4855:DEF
4845:who
4818:DEF
4776:dìg
4770:DEF
4728:DEF
4717:PTC
4705:bwā
4678:DEF
4665:dìg
4659:PTC
4650:who
4630:ātì
4626:ālì
4588:NEG
4576:lām
4562:NEG
4558:kàn
4552:2SG
4531:NEG
4519:lām
4505:NEG
4495:2SG
4462:NEG
4458:DEM
4448:die
4445:kpì
4439:NEG
4435:CL1
4431:3SG
4349:kàn
4322:NEG
4310:lām
4296:NEG
4292:kàn
4286:2SG
4265:NEG
4253:lām
4239:NEG
4229:2SG
4184:DEF
4180:2SG
4155:2SG
4117:AFF
4107:CL1
4103:3SG
4092:1SG
4076:-mā
4072:ká-
4046:ASS
4042:DEF
4030:CL1
4026:3PL
3984:NEG
3980:2SG
3969:NEG
3965:1SG
3954:kàn
3950:kán
3917:cut
3908:FUT
3896:DEF
3875:Tì-
3870:DET
3866:CL1
3862:3PL
3858:DEM
3848:say
3839:FUT
3835:1PL
3828:Tì-
3795:DEF
3781:tie
3778:bōb
3760:DET
3730:DEF
3716:tie
3713:bōb
3695:DET
3661:Á,À
3628:DEF
3592:say
3564:2SG
3560:fì.
3553:FOC
3535:sit
3526:DET
3496:FOC
3485:1SG
3450:INT
3439:FOC
3429:INT
3421:CL1
3400:INT
3392:CL2
3381:FOC
3366:CL1
3345:INT
3337:CL1
3309:FOC
3290:tám
3268:INT
3257:FOC
3235:2SG
3231:Fàà
3214:INT
3203:DET
3199:2SG
3188:bɛɛ
3184:lèē
3162:INT
3157:sɛ?
3151:FOC
3137:CL4
3135:do-
3126:2SG
3111:sɛ`
3105:How
3089:INT
3085:2SG
3070:wōŋ
3060:2SG
3056:fàà
3045:àtè
3023:FOC
3002:INT
2998:2SG
2983:wōŋ
2973:2SG
2969:fàà
2958:àtè
2944:FOC
2933:bɔà
2907:INT
2903:ASS
2887:àlē
2876:CL1
2838:INT
2827:FOC
2807:DEF
2785:INT
2774:FOC
2737:INT
2729:CL1
2719:FOC
2698:Who
2636:PL
2633:SG
2630:CL
2620:-nà
2574:DET
2566:CL2
2553:FOC
2541:yāā
2525:DET
2510:1SG
2490:...
2487:...
2481:DET
2470:DET
2462:CL2
2440:CL1
2436:3PL
2366:PL
2363:SG
2360:CL
2277:PL
2274:SG
2271:CL
2240:...
2237:...
2204:DEF
2193:DEF
2179:hit
2176:nāg
2166:LOC
2162:CL1
2158:3PL
2109:REC
2098:1PL
2073:CL1
2069:3PL
2059:FOC
2048:CL1
2044:3PL
2029:dék
1999:FUT
1985:dék
1979:CL1
1975:3PL
1954:CL1
1950:3PL
1917:dék
1911:1SG
1893:1SG
1868:1SG
1859:hit
1856:nàg
1850:1SG
1678:dék
1656:1PL
1652:wà.
1646:FOC
1625:1PL
1621:wá.
1615:FOC
1594:2SG
1590:fì.
1584:FOC
1563:2SG
1559:fí.
1553:FOC
1532:1SG
1522:FOC
1501:1SG
1497:mí.
1491:FOC
1457:DET
1453:DEM
1432:1SG
1411:DET
1407:DEM
1388:pot
1379:1SG
1354:1SG
1350:mí.
1345:hit
1310:hit
1301:1SG
1280:1SG
1271:hit
1236:hit
1227:1SG
1199:hit
1190:2SG
1186:1SG
1165:2SG
1161:1SG
1152:hit
1114:ŋà
1111:ŋá
1103:tì
1100:tí
1092:sì
1089:sí
1081:bà
1078:bá
1070:nì
1059:tì
1048:bù
1045:bú
1037:kù
1034:kú
1026:kà
1023:ká
1015:dì
1012:dí
1004:wà
1001:wá
990:fí
979:mí
928:bù
914:tì
911:kù
908:IV
897:sì
894:kà
880:ŋà
877:dì
874:II
863:bà
860:wà
723:˨˧
715:˨˦
691:˧˨
667:˦˨
659:˦˧
611:Low
573:Mid
398:ɡ͡b
354:k͡p
305:ŋ͡m
189:SVO
175:of
145:ELP
121:bwu
72:Gur
7043::
5810:Ga
5615:^
5571:^
5555:.
5531:.
5391:^
5349:.
5187:ká
5179:tè
5164:ká
4961:tē
4824:tè
4758:ká
4622:ká
4618:ká
4584:ā.
4548:Fí
4527:ā.
4501:àn
4491:Fí
4345:àn
4318:ā.
4282:Fí
4261:ā.
4235:àn
4225:Fí
4220:.
4143:lá
4139:là
4133:Là
4088:Mí
4068:kà
4014:yā
4008:Ya
3956:.
3923:lè
3903:lè
3877:lè
3830:lè
3821:lè
3815:Lè
3791:PL
3756:PL
3726:PL
3691:PL
3669:,
3481:Mí
3435:ká
3425:SG
3396:SG
3377:ká
3370:SG
3341:SG
3323:tè
3305:Ká
3253:ká
3248:go
3147:ká
3141:SG
3122:Fí
3117:.
3115:ká
3019:Ká
2940:Ká
2914:bà
2880:PL
2870:bà
2863:PL
2770:Ká
2733:SG
2715:Ká
2685:5
2674:4
2663:3
2652:2
2641:1
2622:.
2570:SG
2549:ká
2521:PL
2506:Mí
2466:SG
2453:do
2450:ɲɛ
2415:5
2404:4
2393:3
2382:2
2371:1
2350:lá
2345:lá
2339:Lá
2326:5
2315:4
2304:3
2293:2
2282:1
2261:dɛ
2257:ɲā
2211:nē
2189:PL
2143:dɛ
2137:Dɛ
2133:.
2055:ká
1995:lè
1971:bá
1907:mí
1889:Mí
1846:Mí
1528:ǹ.
1480:ká
1439:lē
1393:lē
1375:Mí
1297:Mí
1276:ǹ.
1134:fì
1126:fə
1122:mə
931:-
925:V
857:I
707:˨
675:˧
651:˦
384:dʒ
340:tʃ
63:?
6372:e
6365:t
6358:v
5702:e
5695:t
5688:v
5565:.
5541:.
5283:Q
5228:Q
5191:Q
5134:Q
5060:Q
4973:Q
4906:Q
4836:Q
4788:Q
4699:Q
4641:Q
4460:.
4437:-
4433:.
4105:.
4044:-
4028:.
3982:.
3967:-
3868::
3864:.
3860:.
3837:-
3802:à
3793::
3767:à
3758::
3737:á
3728::
3702:á
3693::
3679:à
3675:á
3671:à
3667:á
3555:)
3551:(
3423:.
3394:.
3368:.
3339:.
3237:.
3139:.
3062:.
2975:.
2905:.
2878:.
2814:à
2731:.
2585:N
2572::
2568:.
2531:à
2523::
2468::
2464:.
2442:-
2438:.
2191::
2164:-
2160:.
2075:-
2071:.
2046:.
1977:.
1952:.
1870:-
1455::
1409::
1223:Ǹ
1188:/
1163:/
1130:ǹ
800:a
772:a
619:a
602:o
595:ɘ
587:ø
579:e
564:u
555:i
514:w
506:j
499:r
477:l
455:z
448:v
426:s
419:f
391:ɡ
377:d
370:b
347:k
333:t
326:p
298:ŋ
291:ɲ
284:n
277:m
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.