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368:. The primary remiges are blackish, also; the two black areas do not meet at the hand, however; the area between them is a rather light grey, and under bright light may appear almost white. With the bird facing upwards, the pattern gives the impression of a broken black "M", with light grey interspersing areas.
541:. Food is caught mainly at a head's length below the surface at most, the bird either picking it up with the bill only, often out of flight, or briefly inserting the entire head, usually while swimming. It neither dives out of flight very often, nor in a plunge off the water's surface.
340:
919:
Wiles, Gary J.; Johnson, Nathan C.; de Cruz, Justine B.; Dutson, Guy; Camacho, Vicente A.; Kepler, Angela Kay; Vice, Daniel S.; Garrett, Kimball L.; Kessler, Curt C. & Pratt, H. Douglas (2004): New and
Noteworthy Bird Records for Micronesia, 1986β2003.
359:
are 46β47 cm (18β19 in) in length, with a 97β99 cm (38β39 in) wingspan, and have been recorded to weigh 342β425 g (12.1β15.0 oz). The upperside of Buller's shearwater is bluish grey. A blackish stripe runs from the tertiary
599:. Its population had crashed to a low of just 100-200 pairs on Aorangi in the late 1930s. The pigs were removed from the island in 1936, and the shearwater population recovered, numbering 200,000 pairs again in the early 1980s to approach
608:
in the foreseeable future. Indeed, it is a very abundant bird, with an estimated world population of 2.5 million birds. As it is not known to occur on any larger island in the region outside the Poor
Knights Islands, it is classified as
603:
on the island at the end of the 20th century. At all times, however, the colonies at
Tawhiti Rahi and on the smaller islets could supply birds for the resettlement of Aorangi, and Buller's shearwater was never considered threatened with
576:, however, and most of the other colonies – on the smaller Poor Knights islands between the main islands and off the southeast of Aorangi – are of such a nature. A pair was observed to breed on the
583:
The breeding season starts in
October and lasts for almost half a year. A single egg is incubated for about 51 days, with the parents changing between incubation and feeding every 4 days or so. Time to
393:, the species is unusually easy to identify at sea by its combination of considerable size and the distinctive, M-shaped banding pattern on its upperside while flying, uniquely among its
893:
Penhallurick, John & Wink, Michael (2004): Analysis of the taxonomy and nomenclature of the
Procellariiformes based on complete nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome
461:, however. It is fairly common well off the west coast of the United States during late summer and early autumn, and can generally be observed not far from land along the whole
371:
The underside is bright white; on the head the upperside's grey extends town to eye height and the white cheeks may shine up conspicuously, as in the smaller shearwaters of
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are blackish and the tail is wedge-shaped; the bill and irises are dark. Fledged juveniles already have the adult's colouration; the nestlings are covered in grey
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481:– where human settlement and sea traffic are considerable – is thus probably genuine; only isolated records, such as from the
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421:). These are all much smaller birds, perhaps two-thirds in length and wingspan and less than half in bulk of Buller's shearwater.
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Pacific; this apparent absence might simply be due to the lack of study opportunities in the vast islandless region south of the
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Austin, Jeremy J.; Bretagnolle, Vincent & Pasquet, Eric (2004): A global molecular phylogeny of the small
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Falla, R.A. (1924). "Discovery of a
Breeding Place of Buller's Shearwater, Poor Knights Island, N.Z".
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is not well known, but by analogy with Buller's shearwater's relatives assumed to be around 100 days.
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shearwaters and implications for systematics of the Little-Audubon's
Shearwater complex.
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slopes. Buller's shearwater can also be found to breed in cracked-up rock on treeless
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Shearwaters: Preliminary
Evidence from Mitochondrial Cytochrome
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617:: a single localized catastrophe could wipe the species out.
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in 1980, but this seems to have been an isolated incident.
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In the past, it was heavily used as a food source by the
769:
Handbook of
Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic birds
813:
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outside the breeding season. Though it occurs in the
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Carboneras, Carles (1992): 58. Buller's Shearwater.
771:. Oxford University Press (Melbourne and New York).
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671:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698182A132632044.en
595:, and on Aorangi it suffered massive predation by
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994:images and movies of the Buller's shearwater
8:
302:. A member of the black-billed wedge-tailed
1007:
497:. A vagrant bird was also recorded in the
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961:Field Guide to the Birds of North America
691:Carboneras (1992), Austin (1996), Austin
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69:Learn how and when to remove this message
32:This article includes a list of general
638:
493:, exist from west and southwest of the
351:, United States; note upperwing pattern
963:. National Geographic, Washington DC.
695:(2004), Penhallurick & Wink (2004)
345:Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary
7:
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1272:e2c2c932-267a-4e3f-b6bd-23f8e4b057a6
861:: 10.1642/0004-8038(2004)1212.0.CO;2
767:Marchant, S; Higgins, P. J. (1990).
508:Buller's shearwater feeds mainly on
657:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
473:. Its general absence from most of
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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942:Seabirds: An Identification Guide
1515:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
135:
23:
646:BirdLife International (2018).
878:Handbook of Birds of the World
800:Carboneras (1992), IUCN (2008)
529:. It does occasionally follow
453:, it is not documented in the
1:
867:HTML fulltext without images
1540:Taxa named by Osbert Salvin
957:National Geographic Society
539:mixed-species feeding flock
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1530:Birds of the Pacific Ocean
988:BirdLife species factsheet
983:Buller's shearwater photos
564:roots, preferring densely
560:, rock crevices, or under
413:) and their relative, the
294:; it is also known as the
944:. Croom Helm, Beckenham.
664:: e.T22698182A132632044.
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132:Scientific classification
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1002:New Zealand Birds Online
940:Harrison, Peter (1983):
306:group, among the larger
86:Buller's shearwater
1535:Birds described in 1888
537:, and may be part of a
325:wedge-tailed shearwater
53:more precise citations.
837:10.1006/mpev.1996.0060
824:Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.
397:and more akin to some
352:
300:New Zealand shearwater
296:grey-backed shearwater
1280:Paleobiology Database
556:. This bird nests in
526:Nyctiphanes australis
342:
1525:Birds of New Zealand
459:Polynesian Triangle
268:Buller's shearwater
102:Conservation status
1262:bullers-shearwater
1174:bullers-shearwater
996:(Puffinus bulleri)
552:offshore northern
550:Poor Knights group
469:coastlines of the
419:Halobaena caerulea
389:Compared to other
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343:Migrating bird in
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1461:Open Tree of Life
1013:Taxon identifiers
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717:Carboneras (1992)
601:carrying capacity
505:, United States.
425:Range and ecology
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1247:Neotropical
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1182:iNaturalist
1045:Wikispecies
922:Micronesica
791:IUCN (2008)
677:12 November
554:New Zealand
518:crustaceans
445:waters off
415:blue petrel
391:shearwaters
335:Description
308:shearwaters
51:introducing
1509:Categories
1306:Xeno-canto
778:0195530683
633:References
611:vulnerable
606:extinction
597:feral pigs
533:, such as
503:New Jersey
479:Micronesia
411:Pachyptila
403:Pterodroma
349:California
117:Vulnerable
34:references
1036:Q27074602
992:ARKive -
748:: 37β43.
475:Melanesia
463:temperate
447:Kamchatka
443:subarctic
380:rectrices
347:offshore
323:with the
217:Species:
155:Kingdom:
149:Eukaryota
1417:10200074
1338:Q1272190
1332:Wikidata
1226:2.104509
1213:22698182
1200:11813793
1115:22698182
1110:BirdLife
1030:Wikidata
959:(2002):
845:Puffinus
815:Puffinus
621:See also
586:fledging
566:forested
544:It is a
499:Atlantic
483:Marianas
471:Americas
467:tropical
449:and the
374:Puffinus
195:Family:
169:Chordata
165:Phylum:
159:Animalia
145:Domain:
122:IUCN 3.1
1520:Ardenna
1404:5229379
1378:1047363
1164:7884034
1097:Avibase
613:by the
558:burrows
435:Ardenna
431:pelagic
405:), the
362:remiges
355:Adults
316:Ardenna
310:of the
287:in the
285:seabird
281:species
278:Pacific
276:) is a
251:, 1888)
210:Ardenna
205:Genus:
185:Order:
175:Class:
120: (
47:improve
1492:225986
1466:946835
1453:225986
1437:NZOR:
1430:174552
1386:EURING
1347:ARKive
1298:707541
1285:374030
1269:NZOR:
1259:NZBO:
1252:bulshe
1187:475121
1171:GNAB:
1151:bulshe
1138:bulshe
1128:745418
1064:bulshe
968:
949:
897:gene.
886:
775:
730:(2004)
728:et al.
726:Wiles
693:et al.
574:cliffs
570:stacks
516:, and
489:, and
407:prions
378:. The
289:family
249:Salvin
36:, but
1487:WoRMS
1479:73752
1412:IRMNG
1365:4QFXK
1293:WoRMS
1239:48676
1195:IRMNG
1146:eBird
1135:BOW:
593:MΔori
531:ships
522:krill
514:squid
487:Palau
395:genus
357:birds
312:genus
1448:OBIS
1425:ITIS
1399:GBIF
1234:NCBI
1208:IUCN
1159:GBIF
1123:BOLD
966:ISBN
947:ISBN
884:ISBN
773:ISBN
679:2021
662:2018
615:IUCN
562:tree
510:fish
465:and
179:Aves
1391:420
1373:EoL
1360:CoL
1084:AFD
1071:ADW
1060:ABA
909:doi
904:104
900:Emu
873:In:
859:DOI
854:121
850:Auk
833:doi
750:doi
742:Emu
666:doi
572:or
491:Yap
331:).
298:or
283:of
1511::
1489::
1476::
1463::
1450::
1427::
1414::
1401::
1388::
1375::
1362::
1349::
1334::
1308::
1295::
1282::
1249::
1236::
1223::
1210::
1197::
1184::
1161::
1148::
1125::
1112::
1099::
1086::
1073::
1062::
1047::
1032::
925:37
746:24
744:.
700:^
660:.
654:.
512:,
485:,
386:.
911::
895:b
835::
828:6
819:b
781:.
756:.
752::
681:.
668::
652:"
648:"
417:(
409:(
401:(
327:(
270:(
247:(
124:)
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
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