60:
34:
343:, the latter having been commenced as a 101-gun ship - were preserved on the stocks until 1872, the remaining seven being converted into ironclads. These last two-deckers were 252 feet (77 m) overall, that they all displayed all the classic symptoms of weak construction, such as leaky seams, demonstrated that wood was no longer suitable for the construction of the largest classes of warships.
358:-class two-deckers. The objective was to achieve parity with the combined navies of France and Russia. Initially there was great uncertainty about the value of iron-clads. So it was prudent to continue building unarmoured steam line-of-battle ships, which would in any case be "the common currency of sea-power for some years to come."
853:
pointed out this was a wise policy as they would have been inferior to, and yet more costly than, iron-hulled ships built from scratch." "In war time the rapidity with which these ships might be converted into iron-clads would probably outweigh these considerations".
353:
was laid down in May 1859, and a further three had been laid down by the end of 1859. Nevertheless, the Royal Navy continued to convert old sailing line-of-battle ships to steam, and to order and lay down new
405:
design. They had the same dimensions, but had a new timbering plan dated 29 July 1858, which suited the smaller armament. The reduction in armament was intended to improve the efficiency of the guns.
1359:
328:. The 91s were given similar engines, while their smaller increase in size was largely taken up with an additional 15 feet (4.6 m) overall for a finer length-to-beam ratio and improved lines in
317:
favoured the large steam-powered two-decker line-of-battle ship with 101 or 91 guns. The designs for two-decker evolved. "The 101-gun type were redesigned with an extra 400 tons and engines of 800
372:
was launched on 27 March 1861. The larger ships were better suited for conversion into iron-clads and were held in reserve for that purpose. Similarly, the sailing line-of-battle ships
335:." In the 1859 programme the two types were merged to produce a 91-gun ship with the dimensions of the 101-gun type. Two ships built on this plan - the
1349:
1354:
1111:
1319:
75:
1364:
1197:
1165:
1147:
1131:
1086:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1233:
1226:
1212:
845:
were suspended on the stocks in March 1861 in an advanced state of construction. The
Controller "had plans prepared for the
913:
150:
1184:
Roberts, John (1979). "Great
Britain (including Empire Forces)". In Chesneau, Roger & Kolesnik, Eugene M. (eds.).
1002:
Submission to Board of 27 July 1858, quoted in
Lambert, "Warrior", p16. See also Parkes, "British Battleships", p30.
659:
38:
1275:
1261:
902:
891:
702:
624:
305:
were kept on the stocks almost complete, in case of need, until they were scrapped in 1873 and 1872.
399:
366:
329:
322:
254:
386:
completed their conversion to steam line-of-battle ships on 21 May and 25 June 1861 respectively.
1268:
1247:
1240:
936:
929:
877:
554:
519:
347:
285:
291:. In March 1861 their construction was suspended, and seven were later converted to iron-clads.
1035:
Lambert, "Battleships in
Transition", p126. Conway "All the World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905".
17:
1193:
1174:
1161:
1143:
1127:
1107:
1082:
850:
710:
527:
380:
373:
1282:
1254:
1186:
922:
884:
819:
737:
632:
589:
461:
1099:
778:
597:
33:
1136:
1120:
745:
494:
263:
163:
1343:
800:
675:
562:
849:
to be converted into a twin turret breastwork monitor but they were never used. As
1153:
1081:, published Nautical Publications Co. and Society for Nautical Research, 1980.
869:
class were in a less complete state and were converted into 'ironclad frigates'.
314:
232:
912:
engine. The development of these four ships is discussed in the article on the
909:
898:
318:
281:
197:
65:
1206:
1140:
Battleships in
Transition, the Creation of the Steam Battlefleet 1815–1860
365:
class was suspended. They were retained on the stocks while the smaller
862:
were eventually broken up in March 1873 and August 1872 respectively.
280:
were the final class of wooden line-of-battle ships laid down for the
1210:
120:
5 (including 2 "suspended" on the stocks and never finished)
789:
Laid down but never launched. Cancelled 12 December 1863.
827:
Ordered but never laid down. Cancelled 12 December 1863.
808:
Ordered but never laid down. Cancelled 12 December 1863.
1178:
Our
Ironclad Ships, their Qualities, Performance and Cost
168:
213 ft 9.25 in (65.1574 m) in keel-line
1360:
Victorian-era ships of the line of the United
Kingdom
966:
Evidence set before the Derby
Committee 1858, WWL/8.
942:were later converted into 'central battery ships'.
908:had a similar conversion but with the original 800
1185:
897:were converted to 'broadside ironclads' with 1000
1188:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905
313:The consensus of British naval opinion after the
1022:
1020:
398:class ships were a modification of the 101-gun
1160:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
1106:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
1010:
1008:
993:Lambert, "Battleships in Transition", p 75-76.
1192:. New York: Mayflower Books. pp. 1–113.
1124:Warrior, Restoring the World's First Ironclad
984:Lambert, "Battleships in Transition", p 54-5.
957:Lambert, "Battleships in Transition", p122-6.
8:
1026:Lambert, "Battleships in Transition", p 126.
414:The following table shows key dates for the
1142:, published Conway Maritime Press, 1984.
1126:, published Conway Maritime Press, 1987.
1056:Lambert, "Battleships in Transition", p 82.
1014:Lambert, "Battleships in Transition", p 76.
133:Steam two-decker 91-gun line-of-battle ship
1207:
1043:
1041:
203:3,400–3,500 ihp (2,535–2,610 kW)
1104:British Battleships of the Victorian Era
1093:The Introduction of the Ironclad Warship
420:
1095:, published Harvard University, 1933.
950:
262:Upper Deck: 20 × 32-pounder/45cwt, 1 ×
28:
346:Britain's first sea-going iron-clad,
221:Mizzen mast : 51 ft 6 in × 27 in
7:
186:25 ft 6 in (7.77 m)
25:
1047:Reed, "Our Ironclad Ships p 303."
865:The remaining seven ships of the
235:(23.2–24.8 km/h) under power
1350:Bulwark-class battleships (1859)
259:Main deck: 36 × 32-pounder/58cwt
58:
32:
1180:, published John Murray, 1869.
18:Bulwark class battleship (1859)
1355:Ship classes of the Royal Navy
218:Fore mast : 61 ft × 37 in
215:Main mast : 67 ft × 40 in
141:5,950 long tons (6,045 t)
1:
975:Parkes "British Battleships".
284:. They were laid down after
361:In March 1861, work on the
1381:
657:
255:8-inch (204 mm) 65cwt guns
1314:
1222:
826:
807:
788:
124:
48:
31:
1365:Ship of the line classes
1091:Baxter, James Phinney
1077:Ballard, Admiral G.A.
834:Conversion to iron-clads
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
162:252 ft (77 m)
125:General characteristics
439:Converted to Ironclad
178:58 ft (18 m)
1079:The Black Battlefleet
264:68-pounder 95cwt gun
1158:British Battleships
1216:-class battleships
1337:
1336:
1113:978-1-68247-329-0
1065:Conways, p 10-13.
831:
830:
671:
321:, to produce the
271:
270:
16:(Redirected from
1372:
1208:
1203:
1191:
1171:
1117:
1100:Friedman, Norman
1066:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1036:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1015:
1012:
1003:
1000:
994:
991:
985:
982:
976:
973:
967:
964:
958:
955:
666:
421:
64:
62:
61:
36:
29:
21:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1310:
1218:
1200:
1183:
1168:
1152:
1137:Lambert, Andrew
1121:Lambert, Andrew
1114:
1098:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1018:
1013:
1006:
1001:
997:
992:
988:
983:
979:
974:
970:
965:
961:
956:
952:
948:
876:(later renamed
836:
412:
392:
311:
253:Gun Deck: 34 ×
59:
57:
44:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1378:
1376:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1342:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1325:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1270:Prince Consort
1266:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1198:
1181:
1175:Reed, Edward J
1172:
1166:
1150:
1134:
1118:
1112:
1096:
1089:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1058:
1049:
1037:
1028:
1016:
1004:
995:
986:
977:
968:
959:
949:
947:
944:
915:Prince Consort
880:Prince Consort
835:
832:
829:
828:
825:
822:
817:
810:
809:
806:
803:
798:
791:
790:
787:
784:
781:
776:
769:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
754:
751:
748:
743:
734:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
719:
716:
713:
708:
699:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
684:
681:
678:
673:
669:Prince Consort
656:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
641:
638:
635:
630:
621:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
606:
603:
600:
595:
586:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
571:
568:
565:
560:
551:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
536:
533:
530:
525:
516:
515:
512:
510:
508:
506:
503:
500:
497:
492:
483:
482:
479:
477:
475:
473:
470:
467:
464:
459:
450:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
411:
408:
391:
388:
310:
307:
269:
268:
267:
266:
260:
257:
249:
245:
244:
241:
237:
236:
229:
225:
224:
223:
222:
219:
216:
211:
207:
206:
205:
204:
201:
192:
188:
187:
184:
180:
179:
176:
172:
171:
170:
169:
166:
158:
154:
153:
147:
143:
142:
139:
135:
134:
131:
127:
126:
122:
121:
118:
114:
113:
110:
106:
105:
102:
98:
97:
94:
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
73:
69:
68:
55:
51:
50:
49:Class overview
46:
45:
37:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1377:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1330:
1327:Followed by:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1318:Preceded by:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1209:
1201:
1199:0-8317-0302-4
1195:
1190:
1189:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1167:1-55750-075-4
1163:
1159:
1155:
1154:Parkes, Oscar
1151:
1149:
1148:0-85177-315-X
1145:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1132:0-85177-411-3
1129:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1087:0-245-53030-4
1084:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1062:
1059:
1053:
1050:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1029:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1009:
1005:
999:
996:
990:
987:
981:
978:
972:
969:
963:
960:
954:
951:
945:
943:
941:
940:
934:
933:
927:
926:
920:
918:
916:
911:
907:
906:
900:
896:
895:
889:
888:
882:
881:
875:
872:Of these HMS
870:
868:
863:
861:
857:
852:
848:
844:
840:
833:
824:5 March 1860
823:
821:
818:
816:
812:
811:
805:5 March 1860
804:
802:
799:
797:
793:
792:
785:
783:5 March 1860
782:
780:
777:
775:
771:
770:
766:
763:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:5 March 1860
749:
747:
744:
742:
741:
736:
735:
731:
728:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:5 March 1860
714:
712:
709:
707:
706:
701:
700:
696:
693:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:8 April 1859
679:
677:
674:
672:
670:
667:completed as
664:
663:
658:
653:
650:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:8 April 1859
636:
634:
631:
629:
628:
623:
622:
618:
615:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:8 April 1859
601:
599:
596:
594:
593:
588:
587:
583:
580:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:1 April 1857
566:
564:
561:
559:
558:
553:
552:
548:
545:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:1 April 1857
531:
529:
526:
524:
523:
518:
517:
513:
511:
509:
507:
504:
501:
499:1 April 1857
498:
496:
493:
491:
490:
485:
484:
480:
478:
476:
474:
471:
468:
466:9 April 1856
465:
463:
460:
458:
457:
452:
451:
426:
423:
422:
419:
417:
409:
407:
404:
402:
397:
389:
387:
385:
384:
378:
377:
371:
370:
364:
359:
357:
352:
351:
344:
342:
338:
334:
333:
327:
325:
320:
316:
308:
306:
304:
303:
297:
296:
290:
289:
283:
279:
277:
265:
261:
258:
256:
252:
251:
250:
247:
246:
242:
239:
238:
234:
230:
227:
226:
220:
217:
214:
213:
212:
209:
208:
202:
199:
195:
194:
193:
190:
189:
185:
182:
181:
177:
174:
173:
167:
165:
161:
160:
159:
156:
155:
152:
148:
145:
144:
140:
137:
136:
132:
129:
128:
123:
119:
116:
115:
111:
108:
107:
103:
100:
99:
95:
93:In commission
92:
91:
87:
84:
83:
80:
78:
74:
71:
70:
67:
56:
53:
52:
47:
42:
41:
35:
30:
27:
19:
1328:
1320:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1256:Royal Alfred
1255:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1213:
1187:
1177:
1157:
1139:
1123:
1103:
1092:
1078:
1061:
1052:
1031:
998:
989:
980:
971:
962:
953:
938:
931:
925:Royal Alfred
924:
921:
914:
904:
893:
886:
879:
873:
871:
866:
864:
859:
855:
846:
842:
838:
837:
814:
795:
786:10 Oct 1860
773:
761:19 Mar 1863
753:23 Aug 1860
739:
726:24 Oct 1862
718:10 Oct 1860
704:
691:26 Jun 1862
683:13 Aug 1860
668:
665:
661:
648:10 Sep 1862
626:
616:23 Mar 1867
613:15 Oct 1864
610:22 Jun 1861
592:Royal Alfred
591:
570:21 Oct 1859
556:
546:31 Jan 1870
543:25 Apr 1868
535:19 Apr 1859
521:
505:22 Mar 1861
502:31 Oct 1859
488:
486:
455:
453:
415:
413:
400:
395:
393:
382:
375:
368:
362:
360:
355:
349:
345:
340:
336:
331:
323:
312:
301:
299:
294:
292:
287:
275:
274:
272:
200:steam engine
146:Tons burthen
138:Displacement
76:
40:Royal Alfred
39:
26:
851:Edward Reed
758:3 Jun 1861
723:6 Jun 1861
688:6 Jun 1861
645:3 Jun 1861
640:1 May 1860
605:1 Dec 1859
581:4 Oct 1866
578:7 Mar 1864
472:7 Mar 1861
469:8 Mar 1859
315:Crimean War
72:Preceded by
1344:Categories
1072:References
779:Portsmouth
598:Portsmouth
448:Broken Up
445:Completed
436:Suspended
433:Laid Down
282:Royal Navy
240:Complement
231:12.5–13.4
191:Propulsion
149:3715 tons
66:Royal Navy
1277:Caledonia
1263:Royal Oak
1156:(1990) .
937:HMS
930:HMS
923:HMS
905:Royal Oak
903:HMS
901:engines.
894:Caledonia
892:HMS
885:HMS
878:HMS
764:Jul 1866
746:Devonport
738:HMS
729:Apr 1865
705:Caledonia
703:HMS
694:Apr 1864
651:Apr 1863
627:Royal Oak
625:HMS
590:HMS
555:HMS
520:HMS
514:Aug 1872
495:Devonport
487:HMS
481:Mar 1873
454:HMS
442:Launched
410:Key Dates
381:HMS
374:HMS
367:HMS
348:HMS
330:HMS
300:HMS
293:HMS
286:HMS
210:Sail plan
117:Cancelled
109:Completed
96:1863–1889
88:1859–1870
54:Operators
1102:(2018).
801:Pembroke
711:Woolwich
676:Pembroke
563:Pembroke
528:Woolwich
430:Ordered
427:Builder
369:Defiance
332:Defiance
248:Armament
1249:Zealous
1242:Repulse
1228:Bulwark
1214:Bulwark
939:Repulse
932:Zealous
874:Triumph
867:Bulwark
856:Bulwark
847:Bulwark
839:Bulwark
820:Chatham
662:Triumph
633:Chatham
557:Zealous
522:Repulse
462:Chatham
456:Bulwark
418:class.
416:Bulwark
396:Bulwark
363:Bulwark
356:Bulwark
350:Warrior
337:Bulwark
309:Origins
295:Bulwark
288:Warrior
276:Bulwark
183:Draught
101:Planned
43:in 1867
1321:Duncan
1235:Robust
1196:
1164:
1146:
1130:
1110:
1085:
890:, and
860:Robust
843:Robust
489:Robust
403:-class
401:Duncan
390:Design
383:Bombay
376:Albion
341:Robust
324:Duncan
302:Robust
157:Length
77:Duncan
63:
1323:class
1291:Blake
1284:Ocean
946:Notes
917:class
887:Ocean
796:Blake
767:1886
740:Ocean
732:1886
697:1882
654:1885
619:1885
584:1886
575:1864
549:1889
540:1866
424:Ship
326:class
278:class
233:knots
228:Speed
85:Built
79:class
1329:None
1305:Pitt
1298:Kent
1194:ISBN
1162:ISBN
1144:ISBN
1128:ISBN
1108:ISBN
1083:ISBN
935:and
858:and
841:and
815:Pitt
813:HMS
794:HMS
774:Kent
772:HMS
660:HMS
394:The
379:and
339:and
298:and
273:The
196:800
175:Beam
130:Type
910:nhp
899:nhp
883:),
319:nhp
243:860
198:nhp
164:o/a
1346::
1040:^
1019:^
1007:^
928:,
919:.
151:BM
104:12
1202:.
1170:.
1116:.
112:7
20:)
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