293:
its first fruiting season. This heavy seed production and potential for long-distance dispersal help make miconia an invasive threat. The seeds can lie dormant in the soil of the forest for more than 12 years, and whenever a break in the canopy allows sun to shine through to a patch of soil the seeds there undergo germination. Once the plants grow to full height, their enormous leaves shade out all the space below them, preventing any other plant from growing nearby. It also has a shallow root system that facilitates
99:
55:
74:
343:. The velvet tree has been known to replace the native understory of Hawaiian mountainous forests. The plant itself has a shallow root system as compared to the native species. This shallower root systems are unable to bind the soil together which has led to landslides in certain regions of Hawaii.
292:
of white to light pink blossoms. The tiny purple fruits are about half a centimeter in diameter and packed with about 120–230 minuscule seeds. The sweet fruits are attractive to birds and other animals which disperse the seeds. A young tree with only two flower panicles can produce 200,000 seeds in
346:
Hawaiian populations of miconia were first discovered in the 1990s, and since the plant's invasive potential was already well-known, control and eradication efforts began immediately. Uprooting and herbicides are used to remove plants, but
300:
The tree can grow to a height of 15 metres (49 ft) and has very large leaves, each up to 1 metre (3.3 ft) in length. Its purple and green leaves with flashy white veining made it attractive as an
354:
The tree has become an invasive species in Tahiti and a quarter of the rainforest on the island is now made up of miconia stands. For this reason, it is frequently called the "green
378:
Botanic
Gardens Conservation International (BGCI); IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group; de Santiago, J.; Meave, J.A.; Ibarra-Manríquez, G.; Cornejo-Tenorio, G. (2019).
321:
797:
862:
1056:
991:
722:
823:
748:
442:
433:
924:
644:
545:
1036:
1006:
1001:
506:
735:
351:
has not yet met with great success. Teams of volunteers often lead expeditions into the forest to remove miconia plants by hand.
784:
828:
438:
361:
In Sri Lanka it invades upcountry mountain forest areas. It forms monospecific stands that shade out native vegetation.
314:
1031:
810:
657:
631:
1046:
1021:
937:
867:
562:
1026:
1011:
649:
98:
1041:
1016:
942:
320:
The seeds are dispersed from gardens into natural forest habitats by fruit-eating birds. Once dispersed into
701:
622:
1051:
696:
584:
662:
753:
424:
215:
402:
317:
list the tree as one of the world's 100 most invasive species in the Global
Invasive Species Database.
877:
714:
63:
929:
854:
963:
709:
348:
93:
802:
898:
841:
670:
502:
231:
996:
903:
397:
302:
278:
776:
475:
339:, where it is commonly referred to as the "purple plague", and threatens to destroy entire
54:
885:
270:
262:
258:
182:
136:
916:
379:
911:
571:
523:
Invasive Plants: A guide to the identification of the most invasive plants of Sri Lanka
463:
Invasive Plants: A guide to the identification of the most invasive plants of Sri Lanka
123:
985:
836:
388:
285:
274:
83:
78:
968:
675:
294:
31:
636:
550:
305:, and it was imported to Hawaii and other new areas in the mid-twentieth century.
538:
284:
Miconia trees can flower several times a year and bear fruit simultaneously. The
849:
761:
740:
616:
325:
607:
683:
340:
17:
955:
815:
890:
950:
601:
172:
149:
727:
289:
192:
766:
355:
336:
266:
162:
578:
789:
688:
110:
329:
582:
557:
568:: a gallery of copyright-free high-resolution photographs
30:"Bush Currant" redirects here. Not to be confused with
591:
324:it takes hold vigorously, invading any spot in the
403:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T49278524A136781990.en
335:It is known for being the worst invasive plant in
476:"100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species"
328:that receives patches of sunlight, and becomes a
501:. Minneapolis, MN: Abdo Publishing. p. 13.
8:
579:
277:and it has become one of the world's most
72:
53:
42:
401:
443:United States Department of Agriculture
434:Germplasm Resources Information Network
370:
7:
878:7ac1de63-2fa7-4359-b16b-9ea6733626d0
1057:Invasive plant species in Sri Lanka
992:IUCN Red List least concern species
554:detailed information and references
546:Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project
389:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
558:Pacific Ecosystems at Risk project
478:. Global Invasive Species Database
25:
315:Invasive Species Specialist Group
943:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:326247-2
97:
1:
439:Agricultural Research Service
525:, Colombo 2009, p. 103–104.
465:, Colombo 2009, p. 103–104.
1073:
29:
1037:Trees of Northern America
1007:Flora of Southern America
497:Amstutz, Lisa J. (2018).
396:: e.T49278524A136781990.
221:
214:
94:Scientific classification
92:
70:
61:
52:
45:
1002:Flora of Central America
322:tropical moist forests
542:information and links
521:Lalith Gunasekera,
461:Lalith Gunasekera,
64:Conservation status
1032:Trees of Guatemala
715:Miconia calvescens
650:Miconia_calvescens
623:Miconia calvescens
593:Miconia calvescens
573:Miconia calvescens
564:Miconia calvescens
552:Miconia calvescens
540:Miconia calvescens
427:Miconia calvescens
382:Miconia calvescens
349:biological control
265:. It is native to
257:, is a species of
242:Miconia calvescens
225:Miconia calvescens
207:M. calvescens
47:Miconia calvescens
1047:Trees of Paraguay
1022:Trees of Colombia
979:
978:
899:Open Tree of Life
585:Taxon identifiers
358:" on the island.
238:
237:
87:
16:(Redirected from
1064:
1027:Trees of Ecuador
1012:Trees of Bolivia
972:
971:
959:
958:
946:
945:
933:
932:
920:
919:
907:
906:
894:
893:
881:
880:
871:
870:
858:
857:
845:
844:
832:
831:
819:
818:
806:
805:
793:
792:
780:
779:
770:
769:
757:
756:
744:
743:
731:
730:
718:
717:
705:
704:
692:
691:
679:
678:
666:
665:
653:
652:
640:
639:
627:
626:
625:
612:
611:
610:
580:
526:
519:
513:
512:
499:Invasive Species
494:
488:
487:
485:
483:
472:
466:
459:
453:
452:
450:
449:
421:
415:
414:
412:
410:
405:
375:
309:Invasive species
279:invasive species
227:
102:
101:
81:
76:
75:
57:
43:
36:Carissa spinarum
21:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1042:Trees of Panama
1017:Trees of Brazil
982:
981:
980:
975:
967:
962:
954:
949:
941:
936:
928:
923:
915:
910:
902:
897:
889:
886:Observation.org
884:
876:
874:
866:
861:
853:
848:
840:
835:
827:
822:
814:
809:
801:
796:
788:
783:
775:
773:
765:
760:
752:
747:
739:
734:
726:
721:
713:
708:
700:
695:
687:
682:
674:
669:
661:
656:
648:
643:
635:
630:
621:
620:
615:
606:
605:
600:
587:
535:
530:
529:
520:
516:
509:
496:
495:
491:
481:
479:
474:
473:
469:
460:
456:
447:
445:
423:
422:
418:
408:
406:
377:
376:
372:
367:
311:
263:Melastomataceae
259:flowering plant
234:
229:
223:
210:
183:Melastomataceae
96:
88:
77:
73:
66:
39:
28:
27:Species of tree
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1070:
1068:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
984:
983:
977:
976:
974:
973:
969:wfo-0001078818
960:
947:
934:
921:
908:
895:
882:
872:
859:
846:
833:
820:
807:
794:
781:
771:
758:
745:
732:
719:
706:
693:
680:
667:
654:
641:
628:
613:
597:
595:
589:
588:
583:
577:
576:
569:
560:
548:
534:
533:External links
531:
528:
527:
514:
507:
489:
467:
454:
416:
369:
368:
366:
363:
310:
307:
286:inflorescences
261:in the family
236:
235:
230:
219:
218:
212:
211:
204:
202:
198:
197:
190:
186:
185:
180:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
160:
153:
152:
147:
140:
139:
134:
127:
126:
121:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
90:
89:
71:
68:
67:
62:
59:
58:
50:
49:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1069:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1052:Trees of Peru
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
989:
987:
970:
965:
961:
957:
952:
948:
944:
939:
935:
931:
926:
922:
918:
913:
909:
905:
900:
896:
892:
887:
883:
879:
873:
869:
864:
860:
856:
851:
847:
843:
838:
834:
830:
825:
821:
817:
812:
808:
804:
799:
795:
791:
786:
782:
778:
772:
768:
763:
759:
755:
750:
746:
742:
737:
733:
729:
724:
720:
716:
711:
707:
703:
698:
694:
690:
685:
681:
677:
672:
668:
664:
659:
655:
651:
646:
642:
638:
633:
629:
624:
618:
614:
609:
603:
599:
598:
596:
594:
590:
586:
581:
575:
574:
570:
567:
565:
561:
559:
555:
553:
549:
547:
543:
541:
537:
536:
532:
524:
518:
515:
510:
508:9781532110245
504:
500:
493:
490:
477:
471:
468:
464:
458:
455:
444:
440:
436:
435:
430:
428:
420:
417:
404:
399:
395:
391:
390:
385:
383:
374:
371:
364:
362:
359:
357:
352:
350:
344:
342:
338:
333:
331:
327:
323:
318:
316:
308:
306:
304:
298:
296:
291:
287:
282:
280:
276:
275:South America
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
243:
233:
228:
226:
220:
217:
216:Binomial name
213:
209:
208:
203:
200:
199:
196:
195:
191:
188:
187:
184:
181:
178:
177:
174:
171:
168:
167:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
124:Tracheophytes
122:
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
105:
100:
95:
91:
85:
80:
79:Least Concern
69:
65:
60:
56:
51:
48:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
917:tro-20300144
592:
572:
563:
551:
539:
522:
517:
498:
492:
480:. Retrieved
470:
462:
457:
446:. Retrieved
432:
426:
419:
407:. Retrieved
393:
387:
381:
373:
360:
353:
345:
334:
330:noxious weed
319:
312:
299:
295:soil erosion
283:
255:bush currant
254:
250:
246:
241:
240:
239:
224:
222:
206:
205:
193:
156:
143:
130:
117:
46:
40:
35:
32:Currant Bush
18:Bush currant
850:NatureServe
762:iNaturalist
617:Wikispecies
409:30 December
247:velvet tree
137:Angiosperms
986:Categories
912:Plant List
448:2009-02-07
365:References
341:ecosystems
326:understory
303:ornamental
288:are large
702:242428507
556:from the
544:from the
201:Species:
107:Kingdom:
956:20300144
951:Tropicos
855:2.153336
842:49278524
803:11157122
790:326247-2
602:Wikidata
482:3 August
290:panicles
179:Family:
173:Myrtales
150:Eudicots
84:IUCN 3.1
997:Miconia
728:3188585
608:Q140905
271:Central
251:miconia
194:Miconia
189:Genus:
169:Order:
111:Plantae
82: (
930:MICA20
925:PLANTS
904:132253
891:338951
875:NZOR:
868:458135
829:565304
754:409651
663:257940
637:196826
566:images
505:
356:cancer
337:Hawaii
267:Mexico
245:, the
163:Rosids
816:33990
798:IRMNG
774:IPA:
767:48888
710:FoAO2
689:MICCA
676:42MV8
253:, or
157:Clade
144:Clade
131:Clade
118:Clade
938:POWO
863:NCBI
837:IUCN
824:ITIS
785:IPNI
777:6021
749:GRIN
736:GISD
723:GBIF
684:EPPO
658:BOLD
645:ATRF
632:APNI
503:ISBN
484:2012
411:2022
394:2019
313:The
273:and
269:and
964:WFO
811:ISC
697:FNA
671:CoL
398:doi
232:DC.
988::
966::
953::
940::
927::
914::
901::
888::
865::
852::
839::
826::
813::
800::
787::
764::
751::
738::
725::
712::
699::
686::
673::
660::
647::
634::
619::
604::
441:,
437:.
431:.
392:.
386:.
332:.
297:.
281:.
249:,
159::
146::
133::
120::
38:).
741:2
511:.
486:.
451:.
429:"
425:"
413:.
400::
384:"
380:"
86:)
34:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
