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in ordinary criminal cases and that Common Pleas could issue the writ only on a claim of privilege of the court (e.g., if the petitioner were an attorney of Common Pleas); the other justices issued the writ, however. Vaughan ruled in
November 1670 that a jury could not be punished simply on account
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The jury modified the verdict to "guilty of speaking to an assembly in
Gracechurch Street", whereupon the judge had them locked up overnight without food, water or heat. The judge ordered Penn bound and gagged. Penn protested, shouting to the jury, "You are Englishmen, mind your Privilege, give not
190:. The jury found the two "guilty of speaking in Gracechurch Street" but refused to add "to an unlawful assembly". The infuriated judge charged the jury that they "shall not be dismissed until we have a verdict that the court will accept".
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away your Right", to which juror Edward Bushel replied, "Nor shall we ever do." Finally, after a two-day fast, the jury returned a not guilty verdict. The judge fined the jury for
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for returning a verdict contrary to their own findings of fact and removed them to prison until the fine was paid. Penn protested that this violated
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of the verdict it returned, but that individual jurors could still be punished if it could be demonstrated that they had acted improperly.
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Statutes, Cases, and Documents to Illustrate English Constitutional History, 1660–1832: With a Supplement from 1832–1894
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407:"The Trial of William Penn and William Mead, at the Old Bailey, for a Tumultuous Assembly"
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Boundaries: How the Mason–Dixon Line
Settled a Family Feud and Divided a Nation
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Rhodes, David. "Life in Crime: Can a Judge ever direct a jury to convict?"
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Edward Bushel, a member of the jury, nonetheless refused to pay the fine.
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422:, 22 Charles II. A. D. 1670, Vaughan's Reports, 135,
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354:(Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2010), 235–36.
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457:Text of Vaughan's opinion in this case
352:Habeas Corpus: From England to Empire
507:Court of Common Pleas (England) cases
366:"Bushell's Case and the Juror's Soul"
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305:(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989), 18.
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409:, 22 Charles II. A. D. 1670,
326:. Candlewick Press. pp.
502:Juries in the United Kingdom
382:10.1080/01440365.2012.730246
150:arose from a previous case (
139:in ordinary criminal cases.
242:that should issue writs of
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487:English criminal case law
320:Walker, Sally M. (2014).
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492:Legal history of England
370:Journal of Legal History
303:The Law of Habeas Corpus
282:Encyclopaedia Britannica
121:decision on the role of
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174:(the future founder of
156:Trial of Penn and Mead,
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162:951) involving two
111:1006, also spelled
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497:Jury nullification
444:Solicitors Journal
364:Crosby, K (2012).
350:Paul D. Halliday,
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287:14 March
251:See also
209:Decision
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164:Quakers
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332:ISBN
289:2022
160:How.
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